Case 1:21-cv-00824 Document 1 Filed 08/25/21 Page 52 of 71
emotions shall be communicated to others.” Samuel D. Warren & Louis Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, 4 HARV. L. REV. 193, 198 (1890). The Second Restatement of Torts recognizes the same privacy rights through its tort of intrusion upon seclusion, explaining that “[o]ne who intentionally intrudes, physically or otherwise, upon the solitude or seclusion of another or his private affairs or concerns, is subject to liability to the other for invasion of his privacy.” Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652B (1977). The Supreme Court similarly recognized the primacy of privacy rights, explaining that the Constitution operates in the shadow of a “right to privacy older than the Bill of Rights.” Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, 486 (1965). 139.
Most recently, the Supreme Court explicitly recognized the reasonable expectation
of privacy an individual has in her cell phone, and the Personal Information generated therefrom, in its opinion in Carpenter v. United States, 138 S. Ct. 2206 (2018). There, the Court held that continued access of an individual’s cell phone location data constituted a search under the Fourth Amendment because “a cell phone—almost a “feature of human anatomy[]”—tracks nearly exactly the movements of its owner . . . A cell phone faithfully follows its owner beyond public thoroughfares and into private residences, doctor’s offices, political headquarters, and other potentially revealing locales . . . Accordingly, when the Government tracks the location of a cell phone it achieves near perfect surveillance, as if it had attached an ankle monitor to the phone’s user.” Id. at 2218 (internal citations omitted). 140.
And, even more recently, the Northern District of California, in an order denying a
motion to dismiss an intrusion upon seclusion claim for the exfiltration of children’s Personal Information in different mobile apps, held that “current privacy expectations are developing, to say the least, with respect to a key issue raised in these cases – whether the data subject owns and controls his or her personal information, and whether a commercial entity that secretly harvests it commits a highly offensive or egregious act.” McDonald v. Kiloo ApS, 358 F. Supp. 3d 1022, 1035 (N.D. Cal. 2019). The McDonald court’s reasoning was subsequently adopted in the District of
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