RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES «Productive activation - moving from unidimentional agrarian past to multidimentional future»
Landscape Urbanism 2011-2012
Igna naci na c o López | Olga Mikhaleva 1
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES I gnacio Lopez Olga Mikhaleva
Architectural Association School of Architecture London 2011-2012
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
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INTRODUCTION
LANDSCAPE URBANISM Contemporary social and environmental conditions pose
The programme operates by synthesizing the dynamic
significant challenge to normative design practices,
and temporal forces that shape the contemporary urban
evolving out of an increasing scarcity of resources and
landscape
consequent shifts in economic, political and material
potentials of materials developed through abstract
processes. Landscape Urbanism sets out to develop new models of practice that directly engage with these new conditions and the ways in which they continuously reconfigure the city.
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RE-ACTIVATED RE-A ACT CTIVA ATED PR PRODUCTIVE ROD ODU UC CTTIIVE VE U URBANSCAPES RB SC RB RBANSC CAP APES ES ES
systems.1
with the generative
and organizational
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES The project aims to re-activate physically, economically and socially an obsolete Chinese agrarian landscape by exploring the urban potentials of combining traditional integrative agriculture processes with the new food production technologies, by that challenging the social and environmental issues resulting from China’s unstoppable rapid urbanization phenomena.
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“If we are to make cities really sustainable, we need to rethink not just their physical form, but the way they are fed.“ Carolyn Steel “Hungry City“, 2008 10
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
CITY & FOOD PRODUCTION Food Urbanism - potentials and historical precedents INTRODUCTION
The project has been developed with respect to the modern
the way cities are growing, since part of rural land must
food production system, where agricultural production is
be then allocated for hosting people who are looking for
driven further from urban consumers, food is produced in
an opportunity in the urban environment. Although the
a distant land and then imported globally. It largely affects
modernisation makes the agriculture more productive, this
developing countries with high population growth including
change in the land use makes it more and more difficult for
China, making them more and more dependent on food
farmers to obtain benefits from their work, especially if the
imports.
global economy permits the subsidized importation of food production surpluses from other countries. The fact that
According to UN World Urbanization Prospects, in the past
many cities in the world are not fed locally anymore tells us
40 years the global population has grown by 80% and in
how unefficient the global food production system is.
nearly 50 years urban population will reach about 70 % of the global (World Population Prospects, 2006). This dramatic
“The food we eat today is driven not by local cultures, but
shift from rural to urban areas can cause a great number
by economies of scale, and those economies apply to
of environmental and social problems that the world may
every stage of the food supply chain. In order to feature
face in the coming decades. One of them is the food
in the urban diet nowadays, produce not only has to be
crisis, while the urbanization process in China involves a big
bigger, better and breastier than ever before; it also has
decrease of agricultural land.
to be capable of withstanding the rigours of a global distribution system the aim of which is to deliver fewer
Global decrease of arable land caused by development
and fewer products to more and more of us - that’s how
of new cities is only one of possible urbanization post
economies of scale work.�
effects. Environmental degradation, rapid increase in
(Steel C., 2009)
urban poverty and urban food insecurity complement the list of emerging challenges. As an unstoppable process, this migration affects
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THE IMPACT OF FOOD PRODUCTION ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS In the modern society the concepts of urban environment
livestock of which wastes are applied to the gardens;
and countryside are proposed to be detached and more
garden wastes are fed to the livestock.�
opposed to one another. But in fact some of the features
(Mougeot Luc J.A.,1994)
we consider as urban infrastructures were nothing more than tools managing the flows of agricultural outputs. By
Thus the location and organization of cities were limited
itself, the ability to produce food on-site is what allowed
by transport logistics. And then with the appearance of
our ancestors to stop their nomadic lifestyle and settle
more advanced transportation systems and the ability to
down, so urban settlements owe their appearance to the
transport products over long distances, the agricultural
development of agriculture (Steel C., 2009). Traditionally
belts which framed the urban settlements were released
cities were attached to their hinterland, and food
and the cities and their footprint began to grow rapidly.
production had to take place close to cities due to lack of
In the process of expansion the separation from the areas
development of transportation and storage systems.
feeding the city and the urban form grew gradually. And now in the global context these two dimensions become
China has a long history of integration of food production
even more separated.
in the city as part of urban ecology. Traditionally Chinese cities have been known to mix agricultural activities within
So the general development and growth of cities create a
the urban setting. “In China, ancient household urban
gap, not only physical, but also mental, between agriculture
gardening has provided the seed for the development
and the urban environment that has become wider and
of urban farming in yards which later, with the support
wider in contemporary cities. Considering the urban history
of planning, grew into full-scale urban agriculture as an
of humanity, it is significant how recent the divorce of food
integral function of urban spatial economies. In northern
production from urban economies is. (Mougeot Luc J.A.,
China the Siheyuan is a traditional residential compound
1994)
with rooms built around a courtyard. Plants are grown in the latter which supply starch, fruits, herbs, flowers and
Then how can we rethink the way city is organized and
medicines; often with small
operated with this confrontation between urban growth and the amount of land required to support the population?
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Howard E., Garden City
Frank Lloyd Wright, Broadacre City
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
INDUSTRIAL CITY VS. PRODUCTIVE CITY 20TH CENTURY UTOPIAN PROPOSALS The strong industrialisation process that China’s agriculture
What Howard proposed and called a «Town-Country
economy is undergoing, in addition to the unprecedented
Magnet» was intended to combine the benefits of town
process of rapid urbanisation, has been upsetting the fragile
and country life, so that the citizens would have the
balance between the urban and the food production for
advantages of urban life never being detached from
the last 40 years, resulting into several environmental and
the countryside. Once the population number had been
social problems.
reached, a sattelite city would be founded nearby, and connected with a previous one by the railway, and this
In the 20th century criticism of industrial cities created the
process would be repeated afterwards (Howard E., 1965).
need for an alternative model of development. This has led to emergence of new urban models that tried to synthesize
However, the way how the system grows probably was
food production within the city layout. This question of how
one of the main reasons why his ideas were widely
to bring food production in the city has always teetered
misinterpretended as a justification for suburban sprawl.
between being more utopian but with the idea to inspire a
In fact, he argued for a «cluster of cities» which would
vision of better society, set within real conditions.
include a larger Central city with a population of 58, 000 (Howard E., 1965). Anyway, the project was halted at the
One of the most well known projects was Ebenezer Howard’s
implementation stage when Howard was suspended from
Garden City of To-morrow, presented as a socialist utopia.
it: the inability to find sufficient financing as well as the need
The concept represented a network of small, independent,
for a land reform didn’t allow to implement his ideas.
self-sufficient city-states connected by the railway, where each city state would be approximately 6000 acres (2430
Another world-known project that aimed to attach
ha) of which only 1000 acres would be built, leaving the
ubanisation to its productive land was Broadacre City
rest for food production. All the land was owned by the
by Frank Lloyd Wright. The place called «Usonia» was
community with the direct collective profits. The population
defined as a horizontal paradise, or, accoding to Wight «an
maximum was 30,000 where 2,000 of them would work in
indigenous organic model for North American settlement
food production.
across the essentially boudless
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CONTEMPORARY PROPOSALS plain of cultivated landscape», where each resident had
Anyway, since the 20th century reflections on how to
a full acre to live and cultivate the food. This patchwork
combine food production and urban environment have
of one-acre plots was to be connected by a network of
not ended. On the contrary, the current situation with
highways. The Usonians were expected to grow at least
the unsustainability of food production and food security
some of their food while their efford would be supplemented
makes it clear that this issue requires a new conceptual
by specialist farmers, who would take food «fresh every
approach.
hour» to roadside markets (Steel C., 2009). The ability to use emergent technologies has created a Like Wright’s horizontal paradise, German architect Ludwig
number of projects which integrate food production with
Hilberseimer’s model called “the New City” was a low-
the urban layout and architectural form. So, the focus from
density horizontally spread regional system composed of
spatial exploration has moved to technological innovation.
settlement units surrounded by food production areas,
Currently the use of new technologies allows to reconsider
connected by a highway system (Hilberseimer, L. K., 1949).
the issue of integration of food production in the urban
However, unlike Wright’s proposal, the Regional pattern
environment. First, it forced to reconsider not only the
was much more adaptive. And it was designed with a
technology being used for food production but also the
response to environment, topographical, hydrological and
architectural form they require: for example, aeroponics,
wind patterns, which can be understood as an attempt of
hydroponics, unlike traditional farming, don’t require big
more flexible approach.
open spaces to host food production.
And even if these projects were utopian, they have show
It was proved by a large number of projects of vertical
very clearly what is wrong in the world today and what
farms which have emerged in recent years. Like Dr.
issues need to be addressed to the urban civilization.
Despommer from Columbia University who proposed a project of 150 vertical farms able to feed New York City, as well as produce energy and water for self-sustainability (Camberlain L., 2007). Wastewater is treated and all waste is used as fertilizer for the production.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
Vertical farms
MVRDV, Pig City
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CONCLUSION Sustainable design and controlled interior environment
In view of the fact that Chinese cities will not stop expanding
allows to grow not only fruit and vegetables, but even
along the territory in future, there is a clear demand for
poultry and pigs.
new strategic approaches combining spatially urban environments and agriculture in a more productive and
Another project taking care of contemporary livestock
integral way. Furthermore, the use of new technologies
farming is MVRDV’s Pig City. It proposes to build it in the
and techniques in food production must be taken into
extremum and concentrate all pig farming into highly
consideration in order to address issues of food security,
productive towers, which in theory allows to dramatically
environmental, energy inefficiencies and aesthetic effects.
reduce the land required for production (De Vries N., 2010).
In a case like Beijing and surrounding area, where the
The intenal space of these towers will be able not only to
sprawl resulting from the rapid urbanisation process has
host livestock farming but also to grow vegetables to feed
been dismantling rural villages for the last decades, the
them, reducing transportation needs.
design strategies must be focused both in the city and the countryside: either inserting food production into the existing
It would seem eco cities could answer the same questions,
fabric or using the rural villages as centers for researching
but they focus mainly on greenwash technologies. Often,
and testing new techniques of food production on site.
if the aspect of food production was considered in the project at the stage of implementation, it was excluded on
It might be worth to look again at that fact that “The idea
grounds of high costs.
that humanity can have a mutually beneficial relationship with the biological world is the foundation of the 4000 year-
Projects implemented only on the basis of new technologies
old tradition of Chinese agriculture. Without a fundamental
can be very costly and labor intensive and don’t answer
understanding
the question of how local population can be integrated
nutrient flows that enrich the soil and bring new growth,
into this environment. Thus the need for a transition model
without a keen appreciation for the many ways in which
that can combine local food production and technology
human participation in the landscape can support life,
in an urban environment is evident.
Chinese civilization would not have survived.”
of
the
regenerative,
cradle-to-cradle
(McDonough, W. and Braungart, M., 2003)
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
In our project, we want to connect contextual approach with urbanism that takes into account the environmental characteristics of the environment and the merits of urbanization through the introduction of new technologies, which can implement an adaptive model of the territory. So, the aim of the project is to use the food production process as fuel for re-activation of the existing landscape and a medium to generate a specific urban environment. The project considers food production as an integral part of a city infrastructure, and integrates it into urban ecology.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
GLOBAL CONTEXT CHINESE REALITY & DYNAMICS In the last decades years China experienced the biggest urban transformation in the history and it’s still getting underway. According to the UN prognosis by year 2050 about 60 percent of the population will live in cities. China is the most high speed developed country in the world. Chinese economic boom and such speed urbanization produces new cities at such a rate extremely changing the landscape and surrounding ecology.
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SITE LOCATION FRAMEWORK - SHUNYI Beijing metropolitan area one of the most important zones
Bejing, next to Beijing Capital Airport and its location d
in this process.
efines it one of the key knots in eastern development belt
With the idea to develop 14 cities around Beijing included
forcing a rapid urbanization of this area.
in the two main development belts as a part of Bohai
“Beijing General City Planning (2004-2020)� defines the
Economic Rim and Beijing Capital International Airport as
Shunyi New City as an important knot for the eastern
an important logistics node. Shunyi is one of the key cities
developing belt. The city is obliged to develop new airport
in 30 km north-east from Beijing. The researched area is
logistics.
located on the North Plane of China just in 30 km from
This position of the site in relation to the capital and major road directions determines it for rapid urban development
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT AGRARIAN
ECONOMY
+
AIRPORT
URBAN
PRESSURE Shunyi economy traditionally based on the agricultural
East District characterized by segregation of all functions
production in the past now gradual degradated as a
around it.
result of not being able to adapt to current realities. And
While 75% of local population still involved in agricultural
farmland from being resource of food production become
production. So there is a clear demand for improvements
a source for rapid urbanization.
of this sector of the economy in order to start produce
On other hand the airport city creates great urban pressure
highly competitive products.
on peri urban conditions of Shunyi
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SITE ISSUES
SHUNYI DISTRICT drivers
BEIJING CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
BEIJING OLYMPIC GAMES
CHINA'S CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT
1980-....
RAPID URBANISATION PROCESS effects
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES LACK OF WATER
DRAMATIC LANDUSE CHANGES INCREASE
SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL ZONING
URBANLAND INDUSTRY
FARMERS URBANITES TOURISTS
DECREASE
ECONOMIC SYSTEM CHANGE 1st INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE 2nd INDUSTRY ENERGY WATER SUPPLY
FARMLAND RURAL RESIDENTIAL
MONOFUNCTIONAL VILLAGES NO FACILITIES
MANUFACTURING CONSTRUCTION 3rd INDUSTRY TOURISM SERVICES COMMUNICATION TRANSPORT
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
PRODUCTS OF RAPID URBANIZATION
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26 RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES VILLAGES
VILLAGES
149.000
FARMERS
VILLAGES
14%
STUDY SITE
FARMERS
SHUNYI MASTERPLAN
106,8 km2
417.000
11%
MASTERPLAN
FARMERS
DISTRICT
SHUNYI DISTRICT
369,9 km2
1.000.000
10%
1.023,4 km2
COMPONENTS MASTERPLAN PHASE II
FUTURE VISION OF SHUNYI The future vision of Shunyi East District ignores the specific
According to proposed masterplan of Shunyi East Disrict
features of this area being developed mainly as an
more than 50 villages going to be demolished and about
accommodation of expats from Beijing. Which together
160 thousand of people going to be moved out from their
with a decrease of arable land leaving existing population
places to new proposal towns Beixiaoyingzhen and Back
without any work opportunities. This type of organization
Eengbocun.
makes current farmers from more than 400 villages being migrant workers.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
PROBLEM In these conditions traditional agrarian economy of Shunyi, together with the urban pressure from the airport and the process of rapid urbanization in China and as a result contemporary Chinese masterplanning, leave no possibility for the future development for local population, forcing current farmers from more than 400 villages become migrant workers.
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TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE KNOW-HOW + AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE + PRIVATE & PUBLIC INVESTMENTS = PHYSICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RE-ACTIVATION
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
PROPOSAL The aim of the project is to re-activate the region of SHUNYI and reboot current agrarian economy by creating system of different enterprises based on a combination of the airport infrastructure, new technologies in food production and existing agriculture know-how of SHUNYI. The project use the food production process as a fuel for re-activation and a medium to generate new urban environment. The aim of the project is not to return to agrarian society or solve the global problem of the food production in the world, but to explore how local food production processes supported by new technologies can shape the city, capable to improve social, economic and environmental conditions in SHUNYI.
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Part I RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES PROJECT STRATEGY
RE-ACTIVATION PROCESS * “Re-activation - restoration the ability to function or effectiveness of smth.“ What we are proposing is a system based model for urban re-activation of the area and urban growth which considers food production as integral part of this process.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
RE-ACTIVATION DOMAINS
PHYSICAL
RE-ACTIVATION PROCESS
ECONOMIC SOCIAL
The way the project address re-activation is based on three
And socially it’s a generation integrative loops of horizontal
main domains: economical re-activation – new proposed
and vertical relationships between different social groups.
economic model of the region based on the territorial
In this way local population can become an active part
productive clusters being able to attract new investments
of the community, where farmers, researchers and new
and enhance overall income of the area.
inhabitants can benefit from this integration.
Physically it works as a new productive infrastructure, transforming obsolete agrarian landscape of Shinyi into a productive one. Together with generating new urban environment.
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ECONOMIC RE-ACTIVATION
Current economy model is characterized by segregation of functions around the airport city. So the aim is to to use airport as trigger to reboot current agrarian economy by creating network of different
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INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS: - HIGH GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY (AIRPORT) - CHEAP LAND
enterprises related to food production. Where a proximity
- SUBSIDIES FROM GOVERNMENT
to the airport can be used as an advantage to attract
- BIG SALES MARKET
investments in Shunyi (East District).
- FUTURE INNOVATION AND SHARING INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
ECONOMIC LOOP Proposed model in a local scale allows to generate an
production, providing benefits for the local population. In
economic loop. Based on diversification of the agrarian
this way farmers involving in a food production process
economy by introducing in food production process new
will not just release their surpluses on the local market but
components of research and innovation, services it allows
because the system allows to process and distribute on site
to increase the whole profits of
and in this way to generate highly competitive products, to interact with a wholesale market and global export.
CURRENT SHUNYI EAST DISTRICT ECONOMY LOCAL CONSUMPTION
FARMER
FOOD PRODUCTION
LOCAL MARKET
PRIMARY ECONOMY SECTOR
$ PROPOSED ECONOMY MODEL RESEARCH
SERVICES
QUATERNARY ECONOMY
TERTIARY ECONOMY SECTOR
SECTOR LOCAL CONSUMPTION
FARMER
FOOD PRODUCTION
PROCESSING
PRIMARY ECONOMY SECTOR
SECONDARY ECONOMY SECTOR
DISTRIBUTION WHOLESALE MARKET
EXPORT AIRPORT
$$$
60 M
2H
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TERRITORIAL RE-ACTIVATION
A C T I VA TI O N POI NT * * Activation point is a proposed physical urban unit of reactivation process, which operates in vacant land between existing urban fabric
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
ACTIVATION POINT ADJACENT NODAL SYSTEM
ORGANIZATIONAL PARAMETERS
Spatially territorial re-activation model works as a nodal
LINKING VILLAGES
system starting its intervention from space between existing urban units creating local center of enterprises and introducing new functions related to the food production
CENTER CREATION
process. This concept allows local people from existing villages being involved in the process and able to achieve all proposed
INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTION
benefits. Within the introduction of new development and infrastructure it’s possible to have gradual change in the GOODS COLLECTION
urban landscape.
PROCESSING
According to conditions different functions can be
PRODUCTION CHAIN
applied in this spatial model. The system of local centers –
LOCAL DISTRIBUTION
activation points - accommodates production, processing
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
and process of distribution of goods and flexible respond to
(INTER) NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION
WATER CORRIDOR
existing infrastructure and the characteristics of the site. In this way our system produce neighborhood scale urban tissues, which contain adequate productive surface area
PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION
to supply the local population. INFRASTRUCTURAL CORRIDOR
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION & TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION
ACTIVATION POINTS
LOCATION AND CONNECTIVITY
GOODS COLLECTION
ORGANIZATIONAL PARAMETERS
PROCESSING
PRODUCTION CHAIN
LINKING VILLAGES
LOCAL DISTRIBUTION
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
CENTER CREATION
(INTER) NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION
WATER CORRIDOR
PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION
INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTION
INFRASTRUCTURAL CORRIDOR
The concept of
adjacent nodal system is based on
activation points, local centres which operate in the vacant voids between existing build up areas. These proposed nodes organise the site provide certain intensity in specific areas, while the system itself allows them to adapt to existing conditions.
So the strategy was implemented on site: first according to distances and available space for activation between villages possible Activation Points were allocated and then connected to the main infrastructure corridors. By that generating poly centric system of re-activation.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
XIWU XIW W JICUN JICUN
BEIXIAOYINGZHEN BE EIXIA AOYINGZ ZHE
DONGFUCUN D DONG DO DON GFU N BACK LIWICUN BAC BA ACK LIW L WI WICU ICU XIFUCUN IIFUC CU
LEGEND
SHUNYI SHUN YI NEW EW W CITY WANG ANG QUCUN A Q
ACTIVATION POINTS MAIN JUNCTIONS
HAOJIA T UA A UN HOUHAOJIA TUANCUN AN NGT XIJIANGTON CUN
RADIUS 5 MIN (500 M)
URBAN CORRIDOR VILLAGE CONNECTIONS GROWTH POINTS 1000
NAN NCA AIZH NANCAIZHEN
500
ACK FENGBOCUN FENG F GBO OCU UN BACK
250 100
SHUNYI SH HUNYI UNYI CHAOBAI RIVER
50
500
N
1000
2000
TERRITORIAL RE-ACTIVATION
FOOD PRODUCTION AREAS LANDUSE VON THUNEN MODEL
ACTIVATION POINT
SUPER-INTENSIVE INTENSIVE SEMI-EXTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
RULES FOR ACTIVATION POINTS AREA
R 1KM
100%
PRODUCTIVITY
R 1KM
60%
PRODUCTIVITY
R 1KM
50%
PRODUCTIVITY
>50%
PRODUCTIVITY
R 1KM
R
1,5
KM
ANGLE < 45 DEG
100%
PRODUCTIVITY
100%
PRODUCTIVITY
These nodes incorporate various programs of food production providing maximum productivity according to possible area.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES R1100.0 .00 0
R12 12 25.00 00
DONGFUCUN XIFUCUN
LEGEND SHUNYI NEW CITY WANG QUCUN
ACTIVATION POINTS R220 00 R220.00 0
RADIUS 5 MIN (500 M)
XIJIANGTON CUN
ACTIVATION POINT RELATED AREA VILLAGE CONNECTIONS INFRASTRUCTURAL CORRIDOR MAIN CONNECTIONS NANCAIZHEN
R250.00 50.00 00 0
EXISTING VILLAGES R600.0 00 0 0
BACK CK FENGBOCUN
R850.00 0.00 0
50
SHUNYI CHAOBAI RIVER
500
1000
2000
TERRITORIAL RE-ACTIVATION FARMLAND PATTERN
SHORTEST PATH
CONNECTIVITY LEVEL = 1
EXISTING STRUCTURE
CONNECTIVITY LEVEL = 2
IMPROVED MOBILITY
CONNECTIVITY LEVEL = 3
MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY
Territorial framework for activation is based on the infrastructure connections from activation points to the main infrastructure corridors. Then we generate infrastructural mesh based on the connectivity between nodes and different infrastructural lines.
The territory was restructured based on the farmland pattern providing more connectivity through existing network. This rule allows to create an entirely new infrastructure for the application of our system while providing full interoperability with the existing one.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
DONGFUCUN
LEGEND SHUNYI NEW CITY WANG QUCUN
ACTIVATION POINTS RADIUS 5 MIN (500 M)
XIJIANGTON CUN
ACTIVATION POINT RELATED AREA INFRASTRUCTURAL CORRIDOR MAIN CONNECTIONS INFRASTRUCTURAL MESH EXISTING VILLAGES BACK FENGBOCUN
50
SHUNYI CHAOBAI RIVER
500
1000
2000
ENVIRONMENTAL RE-ACTIVATION
To support the production system and to generate environmental reactivation we set up the water treatment process. Existing waterlines served as a guidelines for structuring the site for water treatment process. Using the branching rule allows water to move through natural gravity following natural decrease of terrain from north to the south. Each point collects the grey water from itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s catchment area. Wetland patches in turn were created in relation to amount of water that can be treated. After the cleansing process water provides to irrigation system were its being recycled.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES R1100.0 .00 0
GW 731656 L ST 2x350 m3
GW 1 885 388 L ST 2x500, 450 m3 GW 820 789 L ST 2x400 m3
GW 711 471 L ST 2x350 m3
GW 722 027 L ST 2x400 m3
GW 752 295 L ST 400, 300 m3
GW 717 595 L ST 300, 400 m3
GW 1 042 826 L ST 500, 350 m3
BEIXIAOYINGZHEN
GW 597 844 L ST 500 m3
R100.00 0 R120.00 0
DONGFUCUN BACK LIWICUN
GW 1 308 636 L ST 400, 500 m3
XIFUCUN GW 772 027 L ST 350, 400 m3
GW 1 938 913 L ST 3x500 m3
GW 596 030 L ST 500 m3
GW 1 796 256 L ST 2x400, 500 m3
SHUNYI NEW CITY
GW 1 037 383 L ST 350, 500 m3
WANG QUCUN GW 349 725 L ST 350 m3
LEGEND
GW 320 922 L
GW 524 134 L ST 500 m3
ACTIVATION POINTS
GW 664 462 L
HOUHAOJIA TUANCUN GW 389 188 L ST 350 m3
GW 321 829 L ST 300 m3
EXISTING CANALS
GW 716 914 L ST 400, 300 m3
XIJIANGTON CUN GW 380 116 L ST 350 m3
GW 591 494 L ST 500 m3
AQUACULTURE AREAS IRRIGATION CANALS
GW 166 017 L ST 200 m3
GW 639 122 L ST 500 m3
GW 808 542 L ST 400, 300 m3
WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
200 m3 300 m3
GW 540 918 L ST 500 m3
GW 540 918 L ST 500 m3
SEPTIC TANKS
350 m3 GW 794 026 L ST 400, 350 m3
GW 1 163 937 L ST 500, 450 m3
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
400 m3 450 m3 500 m3
CATCHMENT AREAS
NANCAIZHEN
PRODUCTIVE SOIL CONDITIONS
GW 1 353 542 L ST 3x500 m3
ST 500 m3 GW 1 893 522 L ST 2x 500, 450 m3
50 GW 1 417 046 L ST 2x400, 450 m3
GW 697 410 L ST 400, 300 m3
SHUNYI CHAOBAI RIVER GW 669 286 L ST 500 m3
500
1000
2000
TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION
The overall territorial organization combines both linear and radial structures. The system of linear bands that have a certain intensity in the local centers- activation points, provides maximum efficiency for the production process. These stripes respond to the infrastructure enabling the linearity of work in both directions.
However, a more continuos linear directions go along the existing canals serving the process of water movement and water treatment.
50
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
BEIXIAOYINGZHEN
DONGFUCUN BACK LIWICUN XIFUCUN
SHUNYI NEW CITY WANG QUCUN
HOUHAOJIA TUANCUN
LEGEND XIJIANGTON CUN
ACTIVATION POINTS EXISTING CANALS AQUACULTURE AREAS IRRIGATION CANALS WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM SEPTIC TANKS CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
NANCAIZHEN
CATCHMENT AREAS
BACK FENGBOCUN
PRODUCTIVE SOIL CONDITIONS
SHUNYI
50 CHAOBAI RIVER
500
1000
2000
AXONOMETRIC VIEW
AQUACULTURE AREAS WETLANDS
The overall view of the framework which is being composed from different infrastructural layers
ACTIVATION POINTS
52
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
PRODUCTIVE GREEN AREAS
WATER NETWORK
BUILD UP AREAS
TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION
INFRASTRUCTURE CORRIDORS
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
53
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES MASTERPLAN DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMMATIC DIFFERENTIATION SOIL INDEXING
In order to set up the food production process potential in productivity according to the soil conditions on the site were analyzed. Selecting from these areas with the most best conditions for production. This is going to be the basis for location of the productive nodes.
56
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES R1100. 0.0 .00 0
BEIXIAOYINGZHEN HE EN R10 00 0 0 0.0 .00 0 00 0
DONGFUCUN
SHUNYI NEW CITY WANG QUCUN
R15 R1 150.00 50 00 0
LEGEND
XIJIANGTON CUN
SOIL CONDITIONS
FERTILIZATION OF SOIL HIGH
R600.0 00 0
LOW
BACK FENGBOCUN
50
SHUNYI CHAOBAI RIVER ER
500
1000
2000
PROGRAMMATIC DIFFERENTIATION INFRASTRUCTURE PROXIMITY
In the analysis of the Activation points proximity to main infrastructural corridors primary secondary and tertiary nodes can be identified. According to this rule primary nodes can serve as a basis for main logistics centres to support the food production process of distribution of goods.
A logistics center is a facility related to logistical operations. As a basis logistics center include warehouse, freight forwarder, or a repair depot.
58
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
BEIXIAOYINGZHEN BE EIXIAO OYIN NGZ ZH HEN HE EN
DONGFUCUN DON NGF
LEGEND ACTIVATION POINTS
SHUNYI NEW W CITY
MAIN JUNCTIONS RADIUS 5 MIN (500 M) XIJIANGTON CUN
URBAN CORRIDOR HIERARCHY OF NODES PROXIMITY 1 PROXIMITY 2 PROXIMITY 3 BAC AC CK FENGBOCUN BACK
LOGISTIC NODES
50
SHUNYI SHUNY YI CHAOBAI RIVER
500
1000
2000
TERRITORIAL PRODUCTIVE CLUSTERS
Cluster form of production is considered to be the best for new technologies and investments. So in order to develop our system related to food production economically efficient TPC being developed. This way of organization allows to include the local agricultural knowledge and generate the close loop between researchers and farmers. Based on the concept of Territorial Productive Clusters
specific functions of the Activation
points being identified. Which are all together generate the network system between productive enterprises, research and logistic. By that improving the overall income and welfare of the region.
60
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES R1100.0 .00 0
RULES FOR TPC E5
M4
XIWU JICUN
- GEOGRAPHICAL PROXIMITY - TECHNOLOGY RELATIONS
CLUSTER 7 FOOD PRODUCTION, PUBLIC SERVICES & RESEARCH IN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT AND HORTICULTURAL FIELD CROPS, HIGH VALUABLE FOOD PRODUCTION
- SAME SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS - INNOVATIVE COMPONENT
P5 BEIXIAOYINGZHEN
R1
R 0.00 R10 R100 0.00 0. 00 0
DONGFUCUN
XIFUCUN
P1 CLUSTER 5
SHUNYI NEW CITY
CLUSTER 6
FOOD PRODUCTION & RESEARCH IN GRAIN BASED CROPPED SYSTEMS AND INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT
E4
FOOD PRODUCTION, LOGISTIC & RESEARCH IN BIOMEDICAL CROPS
M1 WANG QUCUN
CLUSTER 4
FOOD PRODUCTION & PUBLIC SERVICES
L1 P3 E2
XIJIANGTON CUN
P7
L2
LEGEND
CLUSTER 3 E1 P8
CLUSTER 1 FOOD PRODUCTION & RESEARCH IN WATER MANAGEMENT, AQUACULTURE, FOOD SAFETY, SUSTAINABILITY IN FARMING
PRODUCTIVE RECREATIONAL
L4 L3
NANCAIZHEN
EDUCATION (RESEARCH) LOGISTICS
R600.0 00 0
BACK FENGBOCUN
M5
P4 MULTIFUNCTIONAL
M2
SHUNYI
CLUSTER 2 LOGISTIC, PUBLIC SERVICES
50
CHAOBAI RIVER
500
1000
2000
PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION
So all these nodes will have a mixed land use with different emphasis in terms of percentage, which allows us to develop a different characteristics each of them. The table represent the functional distribution within the are related to the node and specific proximities according to different functions.
62
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES R1100.0 .00 0
M4
E3 XIWU U JJIC JICUN CU UN
P5
R1 AO OYINGZHEN N BEIXIAOYINGZHEN
00 0.00 0 0
P5 R100 00 0.00 00 0
R125.00 12 25.00 0
R 2 R12 20.00 0.00 00 0
P1
DONGFUCUN DON NGF
P6 P2
LEGEND M1
SHUNYI NEW W CITY
M3
ACTIVATION POINTS MAIN JUNCTIONS
P3
R15 R1 R15 50.00 50 .0 00 00
URBAN CORRIDOR HOUHAOJIA TUANCUN
L2
PRODUCTIVE AREA
XIJIANGTON CUN
RESIDENTIAL
P8
M5
FOOD PRODUCTION RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL
E1
P8
LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION
R1 150.0 150.00 0.00 0.0 00 0 0
BUSINESS
L3
SERVICES
P4
COMMERCIAL CULTURAL
M2
TOURISM R600.00 R600.0 00 0
AC ACK CK FENGBOCUN FEN NG GBOC N G BACK
R850.00 50.00 0
L4
PRODUCTIVE RECREATIONAL EDUCATIONAL/ RESEARCH LOGISTIC
SHUNYI SHUNY YI
MULTIFUNCTIONAL CHAOBAI RIVER
50
500
1000
2000
MASTERPLAN DEVELOPMENT
P1 L1
0
M1
1
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 3
0-5 YEARS
5-10 YEARS
10-15 YEARS
L3 M2
L2 E1
2
3
4
P2 E2
L4
5
6
P3
7
P4 M4
M3
8
9
P5
10
EXTENSIVE + SEMI-EXTENSIVE FOOD PRODUCTION
TENSIVE +
SUPER-INTENSIVE FOOD PRODUCTION FREE SPACE NEW DEVELOPMENT AGRO-INDUSTRY
VILLAGES
The implementation of the Masterplan phasing is based on the development of Territorial Productive Clusters representing in which way activation of the territory should happen. Each Phase of development takes around 5 years to be implemented. The growth of the system starts from primary logistic nodes next to the main infrastructure corridor. Then research and productive nodes. Generating the system of productive enterprises, research and logistic. The Masterplan proposal of re-activation of the territory in 20 years. Which can be considered one of the possible scenarios of the system implementation, because according to different existing conditions the way the system will perform may vary.
64
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
E3
11
P6 R1
12
P7
13
M5 P8
14
15
AA LANDSCAPE AA LLA AND DSCAP A E URBA U UR URBANISM R ANI N SM 2011 2011-2012 11-2 11 20 01 12
65
Part II RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES MATERIAL ORGANIZATION
PRODUCTIVE RE-ACTIVATION The project use the food production as a fuel for re-activation
It allows to incorporate existing infrastructure and labor as
and as a medium to generate new urban environment.
well as provide work opportunities and economic benefits
The project aim is to enhance agricultural production by
to the local population.
reconnecting traditional waste-nutriens cycle which was
The production chain adjacencies may vary according
lost with the industrial farming and create urban ecology
to the technology being used. The system creates loop
that provides for residence of Shunyi a system of local multi-
relationship between the process of production, nature
scalar distributed food production. Proposed system aims
environment and social infrastructure. The system works
to connect all adjacencies of food production process as
not only on the production itself, but operating like sort
production processing and distribution in a local scale. The
of catalyst which affects urban environment and create
model is based on food production process and specific
specific conditions for potentially new forms of urbanization
adjacencies, which
can emerge.
work within the food production
chain.
68
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
FOOD PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES The following figures represent the specific requirements
Which in turn is being released in the form of the phasing
different food production techniques in land and water
development. Where each phase improves productivity
recourses as well as their main parameter- productivity. By
while reducing amount of land and water consumption.
comparison of these data allows to choose the particular strategy of implementation.
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
69
PRODUCTIVE COMPENSATION METHOD
Different productive technologies allow us to interact with
In such a way productivity can be not only preserved but also
the landscape at various levels with different performativity.
increased with the introduction of productive component
It allow to develop a strategy of productive compensation.
within the building.
It based on the methodology that if the productive land is being build, a productive component should be maintained.
70
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
PRODUCTIVE LAND USE STRATEGY
System finds its resolution in spatial terms, allowing to
Thus, this system will allow the city to grow steadily with
restructure land uses. By introducing different programs on
providing sufficient necessary functions, social infrastructure
the time basis allows the gradual application revealing the
and public facilities. The idea of Ecological optimum will be
potential for new development on the released territory. It
maintain as a population density would be the one which
establish new spatial relationships between the participants
can be supported by the food production.
of the process allowing new forms of urbanism can take place. The urban growth will occur with the gradual introduction of the intensive production process.
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
71
PRODUCTIVE GROUND MORPHOLOGY CANALS a= 15-25 m
b= 1,5-3 m
L= 30-45 deg. PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM (AQUACULTURE) SEMI-INTENSIVE
TYPICAL SECTION AQUACULTURE PONDS
a
a= min 15, max 60
ACCESS ROAD
AGRICULTURE TECHNIQUES OPEN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
A
TYPE
TYPE
a
B
TYPE
a= min 15, max 20 TYPE A1
SINGLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
TYPE B1
a
STORAGE+LOGISTIC
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM (OPEN GREENHOUSES) EXTENCIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
B1
a= min 15, max 20
a
ACCESS ROAD STORAGE+LOGISTIC
TYPE A2
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
TYPICAL SECTION DOUBLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
WATER FEED CANAL
A1
TYPICAL SECTION OPEN GREENHOUSE
a a= min 15, max 60
URBAN FARM (GREENHOUSES) SEMI-INTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
TYPE B2
a= min 15, max 20
a= min 15, max 20
a
ACCESS ROAD STORAGE+LOGISTIC
GREENHOUSE + LIVESTOCK HOUSE
TYPE A1
TYPE A2 PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
TYPICAL SECTION GREENHOUSE + LIVESTOCK HOUSE
a
TYPE B1
URBAN FARM (LIVESTOCK HOUSES) SEMI-INTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
TYPE B2
a= min 15, max 20
a= min 15, max 30
a
ACCESS ROAD STORAGE+LOGISTIC
72
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
GROUND OPERATIONS AND TECHNIQUES
In order to set up a system of productive intensification performances of existing agriculture techniques were explored. These techniques shows the potentials of groundworks for re-activation of the landscape. The common rule is a creation a system of ground dykes by cut and fill operation. This method unifies all ground operations can be held on site to generate productive patterns - as canals, wetlands, aquaculture ponds, ground green houses and livestock houses.
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
73
PRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUE PERFORMANCE Processes of transformation of the ground to host specific food production techniques (crops, aquaculture, livestock).. Instead of generating a collage of patterns, the intention is to create a continuos and morphing geometry that provides
PHASE 01
PHASE 02
IRRIGATION
WIND PROTECTION
continuity and facilitates the interaction between “plots”, by that encouraging integral agriculture methods. The pattern ends up opening to the urban environment by modifying its boundaries and making the plot accesible and porous.
GROUNDWORKS
a1
a2
b1
b2
c1
c2
d1
d2
The adjacent shape analysis shows how the deformation processes undergo by the plot provides spatial difference and diversity.
SECTION ANALYSIS
>10%
5%
SLOPE ANALYSIS
0%
+1.50
0.00
HEIGHT ANALYSIS
74
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
-3.00
PHASE 03
PHASE 04
MONO-TECHNIQUES
MULTI-TECHNIQUES
PHASE 05 URBAN CONNECTIVITY
a3
a4
b3
b4
c3
c4
d3
d4
a5
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
75
ACTIVATION OF PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
Exploration of productive ground techniques describe the ability in transformation of the landscape. Through phasing intensification not only productivity increase, but the whole performance of the system. These reveal the potential of productive landscape generate an urbanscape.
76
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
New urbanscape, which emerge, as a part of exploration of techniques is able to utilize productive groundworks, generating urban environment deeply grounded with the productivity of the space.
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
77
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES ACTIVATION POINT DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTIVE METABOLIC ACTIVATION
ACTIVATION POINT DEVELOPMENT GENERATION OF NEW CENTRE VILLAGE RE-ACTIVATION - CONNECTIONS - PRODUCTIVE BUFFER LANDSCAPE RE-ACTIVATION - NEW PRODUCTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONMENTAL RE-ACTIVATION - WATER TREATMENT PROCESS + IRRIGATION SYSTEM PRODUCTIVE INTENSIFICATION - NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Activation point is self-regulated proposed physical urban
Activation point operates as a system of different inputs and
unit of reactivation process.
outputs where the core serves as a «flow manager». Flows
The development of the node is based on different movements
and flow circulation. Activation point start
being developed from the center, re-activating villages providing new connections, environmental re-activation,
between villages and the center of the node, goods flows from productive areas etc. Central core act as a multi
that’s include water treatment process and generation
layered system as a public center, logistic underground hub
of irrigation system, followed by productive intensification,
for export of goods and as a market for local distribution.
which in turn serves as a basis for urban development.
80
and dynamics are related to different movements: people
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
ACTIVATION POINT DIAGRAM OUTPUT
EXPORT AIRPORT
INPUT
CONNECTION TO ACTIVATION POINT
INFRASTRUCTURE
OUTPUT
PRODUCTION LOCAL SCALE
PRODUCTION LOCAL SCALE
PRODUCTION INPUT
PRODUCTION
INPUT
EXPORT
INPUT
EXPORT
CONNECTION TO ACTIVATION POINT
LOGISTIC HUB
VILLAGE MARKET INPUT
PRODUCTION EXPORT INPUT
VILLAGE
ACTIVATION
CONNECTION TO ACTIVATION POINT
POINT
PUBLIC CENTRE
PRODUCTION INPUT EXPORT
PRODUCTION LOCAL SCALE
PRODUCTION LOCAL SCALE
INPUT
CONNECTION TO ACTIVATION POINT
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
81
VILLAGE RE-ACTIVATION
GENERATION OF NEW CONNECTIONS BETWEEN VILLAGES CREATING SYSTEM OF LINEAR PUBLIC SPACES
ACCESS POINTS
TO THE CENTRE OF THE NODE
a a- max 100m min 50m
LOCATION OF ACCESS POINTS
GENERATION OF NEW CONNECTIONS
URBAN VILLAGE POPULATION 1381 DWELLINGS - 96 UNITS PEOPLE/DWELLING 14
Village re-activation is based on the generation of new connections between the existing villages through the center of the node. Existing access points to the villages serves as a starting points for new connections.
82
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
ACTIVE CORRIDORS
NANCAIZHEN NCAIZHEN CAIZ ZH HEN
LEGEND ACTIVATION POINTS EXISTING CANALS MAIN INFRASTRUCTURE CORRIDOR CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN VILLAGES
EXISTING VILLAGES PRODUCTIVE SOIL CONDITIONS
50
500
1000
LANDSCAPE RE-ACTIVATION
GENERATION OF NEW PRODUCTIVE PATTERN BASED ON PRODUCTION FLOWS, INFRASTRUCTURES
GENERATION OF PRODUCTIVE BUFFER AROUND VILLAGES
SIZES RELATED TO AGRICULTURAL PLOTS
a TO THE CENTRE OF THE NODE
VEHICLE CIRCULATION
b
a- max 200m min 100m b- max 300m min 200m
84
URBAN VILLAGE POPULATION 1381 DWELLINGS - 96 UNITS PEOPLE/DWELLING 14
5 min walk
PRODUCTIVE SURFACE NEEDED
14 Ha
EXTENSIVE PRODUCTIVE COMPONENET 100 M2 FEED 1 PERSON
Landscape re-activation happen with generation of new
Next to the villages productive buffer is being generated,
productive pattern. In this way new productive infrastructure
which main purpose is to create productive surface enough
is being generated. Productive plots are related to standard
to support the local population from the villages and also
agricultural sizes with 100-200 m distance.
as a protection area.
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
NANCAIZHEN
LEGEND ACTIVATION POINTS EXISTING CANALS PRODUCTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCTIVE BUFFER
EXISTING VILLAGES PRODUCTIVE SOIL CONDITIONS
50
500
1000
ENVIRONMENTAL RE-ACTIVATION
VILLAGE CATCHMENT AREA
GREY WATER TREATMENT PROCESS COLLECTION OF GREY WATER FROM URBAN VILLAGES HYBRID SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL TREATMENT AND CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
GW 348 040 L ST 300 m3
GENERATION OF NEW IRRIGATION CANALS LINES OF IRRIGATION FOLLOW THE CENTRE AXIS OF THE PLOT FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION PRIMARY TREATMENT (SEPTIC TANK)
BUFFER AREA FOR WETLANDS 20 m
CREATING CLOSE LOOP SYSTEM
SECONDARY TREATMENT (TREATMENT PLANT)
WATER CIRCULATION
a= 15-25 m b= 1,5-3 m angle= 30-45 deg. CANALS
TERTIARY TREATMENT (CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS)
a b
In order to support the productive system water treatment process being integrated. So the grey water is being collected from the existing villages treated in three stages, and then through the system of constructed wetlands returning back to the system where it being used for irrigation.
86
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
GW 63 639 3 122 L ST 500 0 m3
GW 5 54 540 4 918 8L ST 500 m3 0m
GW 1 163 937 L ST 500, 450 m3
GW 348 040 L G ST 300 m3 NANCAIZHEN GW G 313 13 210 L 13 ST 3 300 m3
GW 353 666 L ST 300 m3
GW 516 196 L ST 500 m3
LEGEND ACTIVATION POINTS EXISTING CANALS AQUACULTURE AREAS
GW W 697 410 L ST S 400, 300 m3
IRRIGATION LINES CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
EXISTING VILLAGES PRODUCTIVE SOIL CONDITIONS
50
500
1000
PRODUCTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE LOCATION OF PRODUCTIVE TYPOLOGY AND PROCESSING POINTS INDEXING OF PRODUCTIVE FLOWS TO THE CENTRE OF THE NODE
LOGISTIC HUB
GENERATION OF CROSS CONNECTIONS ACCORDING TO THE FLOW INDEXING EVERY 500-600 m
MARKET URBAN FARM 5 MIN
TO THE CENTRE OF THE NODE URBAN FARM 5 MIN
PROCESSING UNITS URBAN FARM 5 MIN
URBAN FARM 5 MIN
PRODUCTIVE AREAS URBAN FARM 5 MIN
The drawing represents a system of productive open spaces. The system of production processing and distribution of goods being identified by productive flows towards the centre of node.
88
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
PRODUCTIVE CIRCULATION TO THE CENTRE OF THE NODE
NANCAIZHEN CAIZ CAIZHEN ZH HEN
LEGEND ACTIVATION POINTS EXISTING CANALS IRRIGATION LINES PRODUCTIVE AREAS PROCESSING UNITS PRODUCTIVE FLOWS
EXISTING VILLAGES PRODUCTIVE SOIL CONDITIONS
50
500
1000
PRODUCTIVE INTENSIFICATION
INTEGRAL FOOD PRODUCTION SYSTEM
INHABITANTS GREY WATER
CROP PRODUCTION CROP RESIDUES BY-PRODUCTS
RUMINANTS TREATMENT
LIVESTOCK NON-RUMINANTS NUTRIENTS
WATER PLANTS
AQUACULTURE Detailed analysis of soil conditions allows to select four main areas which can be used for different types of intensive production patterns. Areas next to the canal potentially can be used for aquaculture, general productive for crops production with a system of greenhouses. The adjacent areas can be used for aquaculture and crops and for livestock. This integral way of food production allows not only to increase the productivity but also work as an efficient way of management nutrients, water reuse and waste.
90
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
SALES
NANCAIZHEN
[A] [C]
LEGEND ACTIVATION POINTS EXISTING CANALS IRRIGATION LINES MAIN ROADS SECONDARY ROADS
[ A+B ]
PRODUCTIVE SOIL CONDITIONS
[A] [B] [ A+B ] [C] EXISTING VILLAGES
[B]
50
500
1000
PRODUCTIVE PLOT
TYPOLOGICAL CONDITIONS - URBAN RULES
PLOT SUBDIVISION GENERATION OF SYSTEM OF PLOTS SIZES RELATED TO MIN PRODUCTIVE PLOT 1 Ha - 4 Ha
a
b
S = 1Ha - 4Ha a- max- 200m min- 100m b- max- 300m min - 100m
CONDITION
A
A
FUNCTIONAL HUB
URBAN CORE ZONE
CONDITION
B
B
URBAN HIGH DENSITY
URBAN CENTER ZONE
CONDITION
C
C
URBAN MEDIUM DENSITY
GENERAL URBAN ZONE
CONDITION
D
D
URBAN LOW DENSITY
SUBURBAN ZONE
CONDITION
E
E
HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE
PRODUCTIVE ZONE
The generation of system of plots is based on the standard sizes of minimum productive area of 1-4 ha. Density is one of the key metric used for generation of new urban environment. Density distribution is based on a gradual radial increase from the periphery to the center on the node which allows to have gradual transition between landscape, existing villages and new urban development.
92
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
NANCAIZHEN
LEGEND ACTIVATION POINTS MAIN ROADS SECONDARY ROADS PLOT SUBDIVISION URBAN CONDITIONS
A B C D E
EXISTING VILLAGES
50
500
PRODUCTIVE SOIL CONDITIONS
1000
ACTIVATION POINT MASTERPLAN GUIDELINES The Activation point masterplan guidelines are based on the development of productive patterns through which way activation of the territory should happen. The growth of the system starts from the centre of the node, following by the development of the productive pattern. Later on generating the system of productive enterprises, research and logistic.
94
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
AA LANDSCAPE E UR URBA URBANISM BANISM ISM 20 2 2011-2012 11 1-2 -201 012 2
95 5
Part III RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES PRODUCTIVE URBAN ENVIRONMNENT
PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES The emergent typology being treated as a part of
In this way productive techniques being applied, allow then
exploration of productive techniques. Thus being able
to generate and urban transformation from the productive
to utilize productive groundworks as a part of landscape
landscape to productive urbanscapes.
intensification and generate new urban environment deeply grounded into the productivity of the space.
Productive urbanscape - a clash between productivity and urbanity, public space structure, identity, people experience and social ecology. 98
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
PARAMETERS FOR TYPOLOGY
- GROUND RULES
- URBAN RULES
- PRODUCTIVE RULES
d - RELATED TO THE HIGHT
DENSITY, AMOUNT OF PUBLIC SPACE h - according to different urban conditions l - min 4 m
CHANGES TO PREVENT SHADING
c <15 - courtyard typology
ORIENTATION, PRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES
TOPOGRAPHY, PREPARATION FOR DEVELOPMENT
SOUTH ORIENATTION
DYKE PARAMETERS
1/3 OF VOLUME GALZING
b - min 20 deg., max 45 deg b - min 1,5 m, max 2,5 m c - min 15 m, max 17m
l
N
WIND ROSE
N
WINTER
W
10
o
20
o
30
o
40
o
50
o
E
E
W
SUN ELEVATION 12 00 JUNE 21 89
o
60 o 70 o 80
SUN ELEVATION 12 00 DEC 21
SUMMER
45
h
S S
STEREOGRAPHIC SUNPATH DIAGRAM
d
d b
b
b a c
a
a c
TRANSFORMATIONS
c
Productive typology being generated by a system of
In this way one of the most critical requirements for
parameters which combine both urban requirements of
productivity is to maximise the solar exposure for production.
density and high limitations and productive requirements.
That parameter is controlled by the angle of surface with the east south orientation. Then building height rules control
As they act as a part of productive groundwork utilization
angle in order to minimise the shadow areas.
their sizes are deeply related to initial productive pattern, where the urban rules going to control the maximum size of the building.
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
99
PRODUCTIVE TYPOLOGY TYPO A PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
1-2 STOREY
RESIDENCE GARDEN
SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED
DENSITY: USES: PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
60 p/Ha RESIDENTIAL EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
RESIDENTIAL
TYPO B
2-4 STOREY
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD
MID BLOCK ALLEY
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN
TYPO C
4-6 STOREY
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
110 p/Ha
USES:
RESIDENTIAL + PARKING+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
DENSITY:
250 p/Ha
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
COURTYARD
STACKED FLATS, TOWNHOUSES
TYPO D
DENSITY:
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
DENSITY:
275 p/Ha
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
6-10 STOREY STACKED FLATS, PODIUM
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE FACADE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
INTENSIVE, SUPER-INTENSIVE
SUPER-INSTENSIVE PRODUCTION LOGISTIC
According to the set of parameters different typos were
single family house with a productive residence garden, to
generated. Hybrid typology being treated together with the
2-4 storey mid block house with the productive courtyard.
productive component support the urban development.
Then 4-6 and 6-10 blocks starts to have public services
So related to main urban densities typology differentiates
and productive component in the podium. The high rise
from the low density
typology also included a logistic underground system for goods distribution.
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
TYPOLOGY CATALOGUE TYPO B1
2-4 STOREY
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD
MID BLOCK ALLEY
TYPO A1
1-2 STOREY
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN
SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED
RESIDENCE GARDEN
DENSITY: USES: PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
60 p/Ha RESIDENTIAL EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
DENSITY:
110 p/Ha
USES:
RESIDENTIAL + PARKING+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
DENSITY:
110 p/Ha
RESIDENTIAL
TYPO A2
TYPO B2
1-2 STOREY
2-4 STOREY
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN
SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE ROOF
MID BLOCK ALLEY
DENSITY: USES: PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
60 p/Ha RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
USES:
RESIDENTIAL + PARKING + SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
DENSITY:
110 p/Ha
RESIDENTIAL
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
TYPO A3
TYPO B3
1-2 STOREY
2-4 STOREY
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED
GREENHOUSE
60 p/Ha RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
TYPO D1
6-10 STOREY SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
275 p/Ha
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
STACKED FLATS, PODIUM
TYPO C1
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE FACADE SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD
GREENHOUSE
STACKED FLATS, TOWNHOUSES
GREENHOUSE
MID BLOCK ALLEY
DENSITY: USES: PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
4-6 STOREY
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
DENSITY:
250 p/Ha
DENSITY:
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
INTENSIVE, SUPER-INTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
TYPO D2
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
6-10 STOREY
PRODUCTIVE FACADE
STACKED FLATS, PODIUM
TYPO C2
4-6 STOREY STACKED FLATS, TOWNHOUSES
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD
COURTYARD
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
DENSITY:
250 p/Ha
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
TYPO D3
6-10 STOREY STACKED FLATS, PODIUM
DENSITY:
275 p/Ha
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
INTENSIVE, SUPER-INTENSIVE
275 p/Ha
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE FACADE
TYPO C3
4-6 STOREY STACKED FLATS, TOWNHOUSES
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
DENSITY:
250 p/Ha
DENSITY:
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
USES:
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
INTENSIVE, SUPER-INTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE PROGRAM:
EXTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
SUPER-INSTENSIVE PRODUCTION LOGISTIC
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PRODUCTIVE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
The primary challenge to keep agriculture and good
The following comparison represent amount of productive
production areas in urban environment on a commercial
surface with different techniques and open public space
scale is definitely the space. As food production requires
needed according to different densities. So taking into
a certain scale and minimum yields which is specific
account relationships between techniques possibility and
according to the crop and the content.
amount of people can be feed from the minimum productive surface certain limits of density being introduced.
OPEN SPACE/ BUILD SPACE
FOOD REQUIREMENTS ACCORDING TO TECHNIQUES
1-2 STOREY SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED
60 P/Ha
2-4 STOREY MID BLOCK ALLEY
110 P/Ha
4-6 STOREY STACKED FLATS, TOWNHOUSES
250 P/Ha
6-10 STOREY STACKED FLATS, PODIUM GARAGE
275 P/Ha
OPEN SPACE
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RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
EXTENSIVE
SEMI-INTENSIVE
INTENSIVE SUPER - INTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE PRIVATE - PUBLIC SPACE STRATEGY
AGRICULTURE FIELD (PRODUCTION)
PRODUCTIVE PRODUCTIVE
PRIVATE - PRODUCTIVE- VISIBLE
TERRACE ORCHARDS OPENFIELD EXTENSIVE CROPS
PUBLIC - PRODUCTIVE - NOT VISIBLE
OPEN COMMUNITY GARDENS
VISIBLE
COMMUNITY GARDENS
VISIBLE
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC - PRODUCTIVE - VISIBLE
GARDEN (ESTHETICS)
LANDSCAPE PRODUCTIVE CORRIDORS
PARK-STREETS (RELATIONS)
PUBLIC - NON PRODUCTIVE - VISIBLE
PLAYFIELDS
In order to allow the food production exist in urban environment the strategy is to propose the clash between traditional concepts of public spaces and productive space.
Productive space scan be classified as public, semi-public, communal (semi-private), or private based on the scale and typology. These public and communal productive areas embedded i urban fabric will host a social mixed spaces for residents.
PRODUCTIVE PRIVATE - PUBLIC SPACE DEFINITION PRIVATE SPACE:
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACE:
PRIVATE OUTDOOR AREAS THAT ARE NOT DIRECTLY IN CONTACT WITH THE PUBLIC OR SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE
PRIVATE OUTDOOR AREAS THAT ARE DIRECTLY IN CONTACT WITH THE PUBLIC OR SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE
- TERRACES
- TERRACES
- BALCONIES
- BALCONIES LOWER FLOORS
- FRONT GARDENS
- FRONT & BACK GARDENS
WITHOUT VISUAL CONTACT WITH THE PUBLIC SPACE
LOWER FLOORS
WITH VISUAL CONTACT WITH THE PUBLIC SPACE
- SPACES AROUND PRIVATE ENTRANCES
SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE:
PUBLIC SPACE:
AREAS & FUNCTIONS ACCESSIBLE TO THE SAME GROUP OF USERS, RESIDENTS
AREAS AND FUNCTIONS ACCESSIBLE TO EVERYONE
- RESIDENTIAL COURTYARDS
- STREETS, BOULEVARDS
- AREAS FOR PLAYING AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
- SQUARES, PLAZAS - AREAS FOR PLAYING AND SPORT ACTIVITIES
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PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE CATALOGUE For the strategy implementation typology of different
The main criteria is the minimum continuous size to
productive spaces being generated in order to meet
be profitable. These parameters going to control the
a certain requirements in productivity. These types of
performance of the system within the urban environment.
productive spaces hieracharased according to certain parameters like size, accessibility, capacity and ownership.
RESIDENCE GARDEN
COMMUNITY GARDEN
NEIGHBOURHOOD FARM
URBAN FARM
INSTITUTION
PRODUCTIVE STREETSCAPE
USER / PRODUCER INDEPENDENT USER LOCAL PRODUCERS INSTITUTION
LOCATION / SCALE
300 m2
SIZE OF PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PARAMETERS AMOUNT OF USERS / STUFF UTILITIES/ INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDED AMOUNT OF COMMUNITY SERVICES PUBLIC USAGE
DISTRIBUTION / MARKET SELF CONSUMPTION MARKET DISTRIBUTION
NEW INHABITANT FARMER
FOOD PRODUCTION AREA UTILITIES/INFRASTRUCTURE COMMUNITY SERVICES PUBLIC USAGE %
104
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
2000 m2 (0,2 Ha)
4000 m2 (0,4 Ha) - 14140 m2 (1,4 Ha)
MORE THAN 14140 m2 (1,4 Ha) MORE THAN 2000 m2 (0,2 Ha)
MORE THAN 2000 m2 (0,2 Ha)
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT
ORGANISATION LAYOUT & CIRCULATION RESIDENCE GARDEN
COMMUNITY GARDEN
PRODUCTIVE INSTITUTION
VEHICULAR MOVEMENT
PRODUCTIVE STREETSCAPE
NEIGHBOURHOOD FARM
URBAN FARM
ACCESS POINT ACCESS POINT ACCESS POINT ACCESS POINT
ACCESS POINT ACCESS POINT
FACILITIES
FACILITIES
ACCESS POINT
MARKET
FACILITIES FACILITIES
ACCESS POINT
ACCESS POINT
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SOCIAL PROCESS AND LAND MANAGEMENT
LAND MANAGEMNET STRATEGY 50%
GENERAL PRODUCTIVE (BIG SCALE PRODUCTION) GOVERNMENT/ COMPANIES
STAKEHOLDERS
SOCIAL GROUPS
GOVERNMENT/ COMPANIES
FARMERS
DEVELOPER
RESEARCHERS
COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY
INDIVIDUAL
INDIVIDUAL
30%
FARMERS
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPER
15%
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE AREAS COMMUNITY
5%
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE AREAS (GARDEN) INDIVIDUAL
These open productive spaces will have different land
The inhabitants will have both benefits of these hybrid
management as well as accessibility. And the local
conditions living in the urban environment and productive
population going to be included in the new productive
landscapes which are woven into urban fabric.
process at the all levels. This will generate a beneficial integrative relationships between different users and social groups. The system open productive spaces will become a place with a social mixed program, where people meet and goods
SOCIO-ECONOMIC LOOP AGRICULTURAL KNOW-HOW
JOBS/ SERVICES
are produced and exchanged. These hybrid spaces going to benefit from this accessibly being deeply integrated in
RESEARCHERS + FARMERS + NEW INHABITANTS
the urban environment. They going to serve as medium to provide a clash between different social groups including researchers, new residents and local farmers.
106
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
INNOVATION
FOOD SUPPLY
GENERATION OF OPEN PUBLIC SPACE
PRODUCTIVE PATTERN
GROUND OPERATION
WIND BREAK + PUBLIC SPACE
According to activation of the landscape strategy that is proposed a transitional model
of intensification starts
happen in phases . So productive landscape can be transformed as a part of system of open spaces.
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PRODUCTIVE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 1-2 STOREY
LOW DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
RESIDENCE GARDEN EXTENSIVE
+
RESIDENTIAL
TYPO A3
TYPO A2
TYPO A3
RESIDENTIAL
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
UNDERGROUND PARKING
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
NEIGHBOURHOOD FARM EXTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE STREETSCAPE EXTENSIVE
COMMUNITY GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
+
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
OPEN PUBLIC SPACE
2-4 STOREY
LOW DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
MID BLOCK ALLEY
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
TERRACE EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN EXTENSIVE
+
RESIDENTIAL
TYPO B3 RESIDENTIAL UNDERGROUND PARKING
+
108
TYPO B1 PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COMMUNITY GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE STREETSCAPE EXTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
4-6 STOREY STACKED FLATS, TOWNHOUSES
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE INTENSIVE
MEDIUM DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
+ TYPO 小2
TYPO 小3 RESIDENTIAL UNDERGROUND PARKING
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE STREETSCAPE PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE EXTENSIVE URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
RESIDENTIAL UNDERGROUND PARKING
OPEN PUBLIC SPACE
+
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
6-10 STOREY
STORAGE+LOGISTIC
GREENHOUSE INTENSIVE
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
HIGH DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
PRODUCTIVE FACADE SUPER-INTENSIVE
STACKED FLATS, PODIUM
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
GREENHOUSE INTENSIVE
RESIDENTIAL+ PARKING + COMMERCIAL+ SERVICES
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE FACADE SUPER-INTENSIVE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
COURTYARD EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES
+ TYPO D1
TYPO D2 SUPER-INSTENSIVE PRODUCTION LOGISTIC
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COMMUNITY GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
SUPER-INSTENSIVE PRODUCTION LOGISTIC
OPEN PUBLIC SPACE
+
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE STREETSCAPE EXTENSIVE
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GROUND MORHOLOGY PROLIFERATION
Instead of relying on the generic flexibility of a standard agriculture field, the proposal aims to explore the urban potentials of certain traditional Chinese food production techniques, namely aquaculture and greenhouses. Cut and fill processes are a common strategy for both techniques, either for the generation of ponds and canals, or for the upand-down landscape necessary to protect the crops from the wind and keep them under controlled temperatures in Winter. How can we take advantage of this language and transform them into a living environment?
110
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
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GROUND MORHOLOGY PROLIFERATION
112
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
Once the agriculture pattern has been updated to facilitate accesibility to interact with the urban environment, new processes of ground transformation start to take place. Used as flexible guidelines, the agriculture lines provide a playground to generate spatial diversity and richness. Applying different building typologies on the pattern will generate a wide range of unexpected spaces that can be the basis for a real productive and social built environment.
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TYPO
A
LOW DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
1-2 STOREY
AXONOMETRY
SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
114
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
LOW DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY LAYERED VIEW
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN EXTENSIVE
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN EXTENSIVE ACCESS ROAD
RESIDENTIAL UNDERGROUND PARKING
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
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TYPO
B
MEDIUM DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
2-4 STOREY
AXONOMETRY
MID BLOCK ALLEY
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COMMUNITY GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
116
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
MEDIUM DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY LAYERED VIEW
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
TERRACE EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN EXTENSIVE ACCESS ROAD
STORAGE+LOGISTIC
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COMMUNITY GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE STREETSCAPE EXTENSIVE
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
RESIDENTIAL UNDERGROUND PARKING
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
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TYPO
小
HIGH DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
6-10 STOREY
AXONOMETRY
STACKED FLATS, PODIUM
PLAZA OPEN SPACE SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
ROOFTOP GREENHOUSES SEMI-INTENSIVE, INTENSIVE PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COMMUNITY GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PUBLIC PUBLI PU PUBL PUB P UBLI UB UBL U BLI BL LIC PRO PR P PRODUCTIVE RO R ODU DUCT D DUC UCT U C IVE V SP S SPACE PA ACE AC CE C
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
118
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
HIGH DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY LAYERED VIEW
SERVICES RESEARCH, BUSINESS
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
ROOFROP GREENHOSES SEMI-INTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
STORAGE+LOGISTIC BRIDGES PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
PLAZA OPEN PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
RESIDENTIAL UNDERGROUND PARKING
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY
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PRODUCTIVE TYPOLOGY PROLIFERATION
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COURTYARD EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
RESIDENCE GARDEN EXTENSIVE
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
COMMUNITY GARDEN EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
LOW DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
120
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
SEMI-PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
ROOFROP GREENHOSES SEMI-INTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
PRODUCTIVE STREETSCAPE EXTENSIVE
PLAZA OPEN PUBLIC SPACE
SEMI-PRIVATE PRODUCTIVE SPACE
TERRACE EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
MEDIUM DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
HIGH DENSITY URBAN TYPOLOGY
BRIDGES PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
STORAGE+LOGISTIC
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
AQUACULTURE FARM EXTENSIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
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1 122 22 2 2
RE-ACTIVATED R RE E-A ACT CTIV IVATTED D PR PRODUCTIVE P ROD ODUC CTI TIVE VE U URBANSCAPES RBAN RB BA AN NSSC C CAPE ES ES
PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPE - HIGH DENSITY
AA A A LANDSCAPE LANDS LA NDS ND SC C CAP AP A PE UR URBANISM RBA BANI NISM SM 20 2 2011-2012 011 11-2 -20 01 1 12 2
1 123 23 23
124 2
RE-ACTIVATED R RE-A E-A ACT C IV IVAT ATED ED PRODUCTIVE V U VE URBANSCAPES RBAN RB BAN NSC SCAP AP A PES E
PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPE - LOW DENSITY
AA LANDSCAPE LA AND DSC S AP APE PE UR URBANISM RBA ANI N SM 20 2011-2012 011 1 -201 012 12
1 125 2 25
EPILOGUE
NETWORKS AND URBANISM “Food is all about networks.” (Steele, 2011) 0. INTRODUCTION
1. THE ANTHROPOCENE
The way Carolyn Steele concludes her book “Hungry City” is a perfect synthesis of two critical topics covered in this
It’s undeniable how mobility and transportation have
project: food production and connectivity systems. As stated
irreversibly influence our world since the Industrial Revolution
in the beginning, the project aims to re-activate physically,
took place two centuries ago. The major transportation
economically and socially an obsolete Chinese agrarian
breakthroughs made the traditional medieval cities to
landscape by exploring the urban potentials of traditional
explode and expand without control swallowing the
and contemporary agriculture processes, patterns and
countryside and somehow upsetting the balance between
techniques. Considering the complexitiy, efficiency and
the urban and nature. Understanding the reasons and
performance of food production networks nowadays, it’s
consequences of such processes will allow us to rethink the
not difficult to understand how well designed such a system
way we occupy the territory. “By locating the structures and
should be if the aim is to merge two (formerly compatible)
hotspots of human activity, by acknowledging the extent of
concepts such as cities and agriculture.
our footprints and our facilities, perhaps we will glimpse the limits of our world and the importance of redefining what it
First, the prologue “Food Urbanism” serves as a clear
means to live in and on it.” (Globaia, 2012)
introduction of how the modern food production system
128
affects socialy and economicaly, and therefore spatialy our
According to geology studies, we are about to enter into
cities. Second, this epilogue aims to clarify the importance
a new period of time, the Anthropocene, which for the first
of network design as a critical, and yet not fully explored,
time in history is not related to natural geological processes,
basis for contemporary urbanism. Such an approach is
but to the influence of humankind. “A period marked by a
doubly relevant today. On the one hand, the unstoppable
regime change in the activity of industrial societies which
urbanization process the world has been facing since the
began at the turn of the nineteenth century and which
past century clearly demands rethinking how the urban
has caused global disruptions in the Earth System on a
environment is designed and planned. On the other
scale unprecedented in human history: climate change,
hand, contemporary computer aided design tools have
biodiversity loss, pollution of the sea, land and air, resources
revolutionized every field related to the design of cities:
depredation, land cover denudation, radical transformation
sociology, mobility, economy, construction... In such a short
of the ecumene, among others. These changes command
time computers have proved to be a fundamental tool,
a major realignment of our consciousness and worldviews,
the potential of which is just starting to be appreciate.
and call for different ways to inhabit the Earth.”
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
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130
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
2. URBANISM NOWADAYS Specially after these last decades of rapid urbanization
Since the cost–benefits of civil engineering services
process in Europe first and then in China, the reputation
represent less than 1 percent of the life cycle cost of a
of urbanism is under question. It’s hard to understand how
project, it is rather difficult to contest the economic value
such a complex field, could be applied in such a careless
of these services where they are viewed as an investment.
manner. Countryside has been considered a “tabula
However central this logic may be, its foundation also
rasa” worth occupying with the most generic, flexible
relies on the isolation of variables and the exclusion of less
and supposedly efficient network system, in order to be
quantifiable and more
filled in the shortest possible time. Pierre Belanger gives
complex
some clues regarding this topic that are worth taking into
externalization of dynamic forces.” (Belanger, 2011)
information
through
reductionism
and
consideration. On the other hand, new approaches to urbanism have “Through the hegemony of efficiency and scientific
appeared
recently
offering
an
integrative
solution
positivism, civil engineering has become central to the
to design, such as Landscape Urbanism. If not truly
design of urban environments as the premier design service
specialized, it’s important how these approaches consider
discipline. How it attained this
networks and infrastructures as part of the solution. Charles
unwavering status is remarkable, given how very little
Waldheim explaines how part of the incoherencies of the
attention the profession or its parent associations have
contemporary city are based on the conflicts between the
given to social conditions, political ideologies, or theoretical
static and the dynamic, and how the (modern and post-
discourses. Its relative absence of manifestos alone is both
modern) architecture has demonstrated its incapacity to
surprising and suspect. Compared with other fields of
solve these situations
design such as architecture and urban design or the social
(Waldheim, 2006).
sciences and regional planning that are arguably over-
The generation of a non-imposing urbanism/architecture
theorized, civil engineering has made leaps and bounds by
more related to mobility, circulation, fluidity, nature and
literally operating without theory. In the absence of critical
landscape, able to negotiate with the context in a delicate
discourse, quantitative logic and numerical precision
manner, but without missing potential, might be a strategy
have become the foundations for achieving accuracy,
worth exploring.
efficiency, and safety.
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131
3. URBANISM AS A SCIENCE It’s remarkable how architects refused long time ago (nearly
Regarding such a complex field, with so many agents and so
40 years) to a scientific approach to design and have
much information as urbanism, computers have proved to
been embracing the idea of art and poetics, forgetting
be a reliable tool, able to organize and efficiently manage
about the real problematics of our profession. Instead of
data, thus generating new possibilities in the design of
dealing with the idea of the city as whole and its issues,
cities. For instance, the relatively new science branch of the
architects have mainly cared about finding plots to expose
fractals, developed by Benoit Mandelbroit is one the best
their critical vision of life. In the meantime, as Belanger
examples of how a scientific approach can successfully
explained, engineers have replaced us as the main agents
inform urbanism. One of the main features of fractal
in the development of our cities. However, the interest of
geometries is their self-similarity structure, which means
architects on science is changing again, but difficult to say
that the way they get organized or grow tends to repeat
if the result will worth it.
endlessly irrespectively of the scale we consider to analyze them. So, any property, condition or feature founded in
132
“Today’s designers seem to love using new ideas coming
a certain domain of a fractal could be extrapolated and
from science. They embrace them as analogies, metaphors,
used to simulate a foresee the performance of the whole
and in a few cases, tools to generate startling new
structure. Michael Batty and Paul Longley made clear the
designs. But metaphors about the complexity of the city
relationship between the urban environment and fractal
and its adaptive structures are not the same thing as the
geometries in their book “Fractal Cities: A geometry of
actual complexity of the city. [...] The topics of urbanism,
Form” (1994).
architecture,
design,
“This book presents an initial attempt to apply fractal
sustainability, and complexity in science are all tightly
geometry to cities. In fact, we go beyond this and argue
interrelated. Humans “design” with much the same aim
that cities are fractal in form, and that much of our pre-
toward which nature “designs” — both aim to increase the
existing urban theory is a theory of the fractal city. [...] In
complexity of a system so that it works “better”.” (Mehaffiy
terms of theory, we show here that the architect’s physical
and Salingaros, 2012)
determinism concerning the city can be captured and
One of the main reasons for this renovated interest relies on
elaborated in terms of fractals while the geographer’s
the nowadays technology democratization and how the
concern for the economic theory of location is entirely
computers have definitely changed the way we design.
consistent with the use of fractal ideas.
product
design,
environmental
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
We live in an era when physical determinism is still
5. CONCLUSION
disreputable as architects and city planners seek to minimize the impact of designs which manifestly interfere
Probably, urbanism is not ALL ABOUT networks, but starting to
with the social and economic fabric of cities in countless
shift from the traditional zoning approach to a topological
unanticipated and undesirable ways. But physical form
one, would be the basis for better infrastructures, better
does determine the quality of life in cities. We see fractal
cities and a better upcoming Anthropocene. Going back
geometry as providing a new hope for understanding the
to science again, “better” in this sense means, in words of
power of determinism, as well as new methods for enabling
Mehaffiy and Salingaros “more stable, more diverse, and
the synthesis of urban density with central place theory, new
more capable of maintaining an organized state — like the
ways of visualizing the impact of human decision-making
health of an organism. We learn from the structures and
on cities, and perhaps most of all, new goals for achieving
processes by which nature designs, so that we can also
the good society through manipulating and planning city
create and sustain these more organized states.” (Mehaffiy
form.” (Batty & Longley, 1994)
and Salingaros, 2012)
It’s also remarkable how computers encourage a certain
Networks irrigate the territory, they not also connect but
reductionism in our approach to urbanism. Digital tools
also organize and that’s why their influence in the future
tend to ask for simple information, that they can help us to
of our cities is so critical. Moreover, due to the increasing
sort and relate afterwards. So, where traditional planners
complexity of urbanism nowadays, it’s also fundamental for
and designers see streets and buildings, computers (and
a good design to take into account all the data available,
the people who follow this logic) recognize points and lines,
and networks are itself a source of endless information
nodes and connection (Allen, 1999). Geometry is going to
about the way we live. Considering this, urbanism is about
be replaced by topology.
economic, social, environmental and spatial balance, and
“The typical network topology, so clearly different from the
network thinking, which critically supports all these features
zoning approach of orthodox urbanism [...] establishes a
has been excluded from the equation for too long. It’s our
relationship, a maximum connection; if possible a direct
responsability as designers and architects, to merge it with
and multiple connection between points in a space,
design again.
independent of their location and across barriers and borders. In this way, the network makes urban space accessible and stimulates decentralizations.” (Dupuy, 2008)
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
133
Basing the urban development not only in traditional techniques, but laso in a rooted identity, will help local community to cope with the drammatic transformation from agricultural past to the new urban one.
134
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
135
APPENDICES TECHNICAL REPORT
PRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES
PRODUCTION INTENSITY AND POPULATION
PRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUE
PEOPLE/ FED 100 M2
EXTENSIVE
1
SEMI-INTENSIVE
3
INTENSIVE
5
SUPER - INTENSIVE
10
AREA M2
The project aims to set up integrative transition model based
The following figures represents the data comparison of
on intensification of production techniques.
number of people can be feed from productive surface from extensive â&#x20AC;&#x201C; conventional farming, semi-intensive -
In order to embody food production in urban environment
ground greenhouses production, intensive hydroponic and
there is a need to study requirements to feed the
aquaponic systems, and superintesive aeroponic ones.
population.
138
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
PARAMETERS COMPARISON
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
139
INTEGRATIVE FOOD PRODUCTION
INHABITANTS GREY WATER
CROP PRODUCTION CROP RESIDUES BY-PRODUCTS
RUMINANTS TREATMENT
LIVESTOCK NON-RUMINANTS
SALES
NUTRIENTS
WATER PLANTS
AQUACULTURE Project aimâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to set up an integrative food production
Biological, technical and chemical methods are balanced
system that being able to produce high quality food and
carefully taking into account the protection of the
other products by using natural resources and regulating
environment, profitability and social requirements.
mechanisms to replace polluting inputs and to secure
The project emphasise the importance of effective
sustainable farming.
intensification of production systems and the transformation
Emphasis is placed on a holistic systems approach involving
of production especially at the level of small-scale
the entire farm as the basic unit, on the central role of agro-
producers, and to recognize the economic and social
ecosystems, on balanced nutrient cycles.
dimensions related to use of appropriate technology
The preservation and improvement of soil fertility and of a
(labour, land tenure, access to resources, inputs and
diversified environment are essential components.
services and knowledge systems of the range of farmers and actors).
140
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
NUTRIENT CYCLE An integrative production process able to generate a balance nutrient cycle. Which mean a movement and exchange of organic matter back into the production. The process is regulated by food, water and energy system. These systems are interconnected are interconnected where matter and energy flows and is exchanged as organisms feed, digest, and recycled.
ORGANIC PRODUCTS TO LOCAL MARKET
FOOD SYSTEM
ORGANIC MEAT AND POULTRY TO LOCAL MARKET
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION
CLEAN H20
FROM VILLAGES AND URBAN AREAS
NUTRIENTS WASTE H2O
NUTRIENTS WASTE H2O
BIOMASS
WATER SYSTEM
WASTEWATER SUPPLY
NUTRIENTS WASTE H2O
NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
WASTE H2O
WATER TREATMENT
NUTRIENTS & GRIT CONSENTRATION
CLEAN H20 FISH FOOD
GREEN POWER, HEAT, COOL
ORGANIC AQUATIC PRODCUTS LOCAL MARKET
NUTRIENTS FOR FERTILIZATION CLEAN H2O REUSE
SOLAR ENERGY
BIOFUELS
WASTE FROM \MUNICIPAL AND SOURCES
ENERGY SYSTEM
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141
GROUND OPERATIONS AND TECHNIQUES
142
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
TECHNIQUES CATALOGUE CANALS a= 15-25 m
b= 1,5-3 m
L= 30-45 deg. PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM (AQUACULTURE) SEMI-INTENSIVE
TYPICAL SECTION AQUACULTURE PONDS
a
a= min 15, max 60
ACCESS ROAD
AGRICULTURE TECHNIQUES OPEN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
A
TYPE
TYPE
a
B
TYPE
a= min 15, max 20 TYPE A1
SINGLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
TYPE B1
a
STORAGE+LOGISTIC
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
URBAN FARM (OPEN GREENHOUSES) EXTENCIVE, SEMI-INTENSIVE
B1
a= min 15, max 20
a
ACCESS ROAD STORAGE+LOGISTIC
TYPE A2
PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
TYPICAL SECTION DOUBLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
WATER FEED CANAL
A1
TYPICAL SECTION OPEN GREENHOUSE
a a= min 15, max 60
URBAN FARM (GREENHOUSES) SEMI-INTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
TYPE B2
a= min 15, max 20
a= min 15, max 20
a
ACCESS ROAD STORAGE+LOGISTIC
GREENHOUSE + LIVESTOCK HOUSE
TYPE A1
TYPE A2 PUBLIC PRODUCTIVE SPACE
TYPICAL SECTION GREENHOUSE + LIVESTOCK HOUSE
a
TYPE B1
a= min 15, max 20
URBAN FARM (LIVESTOCK HOUSES) SEMI-INTENSIVE, INTENSIVE
TYPE B2
a= min 15, max 30
a
ACCESS ROAD STORAGE+LOGISTIC
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
143
GROUND GREENHOUSES
Ground greenhouse is a typical Chinese agriculture
In order to generate a controlled climate open greenhouse
technique is based on the of ground dykes or walls from the
can be enclosed by a temporary structure or glass cover.
north side of the plot, which works for the wind protection.
So itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s able to provide whole year production. Comparing to a yield in the open greenhouse, which are about 30 to 35 kg, m2 a greenhouse can produce 70-80 kg m2.
144
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
GREENHOUSE PARAMETERS
RULES FOR GREENHOUSE STEREOGRAPHIC SUNPATH DIAGRAM
WIND ROSE
Latitude 40 N
GREENHOUSE ORIENATATION N
N
N 10
o
20
o
30
o
40
o
50
o
15
WINTER
SUN ELEVATION 12 00 JUNE 21 89
30
20
o
o
o
20
o
60 o 70 o 80
W
E
W
E
E
W 20
o
SUMMER
SUN ELEVATION 12 00 DEC 21
o
30
o
45
S
20
S
AGRICULTURE TECHNIQUES OPEN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
GREENHOUSES
W
o
S
15
o
E
A
OPEN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
B
40
SINGLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
A1
SINGLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
A2
SINGLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
A3
DOUBLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
B1
DOUBLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
B2
DOUBLE SPAN GREENHOUSE
TYPE
B3
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
145
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTIVE PROCESS FINGERLING
REARING POND SYSTEM MARKETABLE FISH
FRY/ FINGERLING
NURSERY+ REARING POND SYSTEM
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION CYCLE 34 WEEKS from nursery to harvest
FINGERLINGS
QUARANTINE 2 WEEKS
NURSERY 3-4 WEEKS
AQUACULTURE PROCESS Aquaculture is a process of production aquatic organisms
GROW-OUT STAGE 1 7 WEEKS GROW-OUT STAGE 2 10 WEEKS
DISTRIBUTION
in a water body. There are various technologies of this process, which, in turn, have a different spatial organization and labor intensity. Based on the existing infrastructure
GROW-OUT STAGE 3 10 WEEKS
HARVESTING POND 1 WEEK
PROCESSING
COLLECTION
on the territory there is a possibility to increase system performance by application of higher technological production.
Wastewater aquaculture is a productive wastewater treatment, reused instead of disposed of.
TYPES OF AQUACULTURE TECHNIQUES TYPE
AERATION
FEEDING
YIELDS KG/1000 SQ.M
COSTS
EXTENSIVE
NO
NO
<500
$
SEMI-EXTENSIVE
YES
NO
500-2500
$$
INTENSIVE
YES
YES
2500-10 000
$$$$
SUPER-INTENSIVE
YES
YES
10 000+
$$$$$+
of growth of aquatic organisms, ending a harvesting area for the finished product.
146
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
YIELD
COMPONENT PRODUCTIVITY
YIELD
CURRENT SITUATION
YIELD
PROPOSAL
URBAN DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC FACILITIES
INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE SYPER-INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE
SEMI-INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE
are Nursery Pond and Transition Pond, followed by stages
EXTENSIVE AQUACULTURE
three stages of growth. The first elements of the system
INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE SYPER-INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE
wastewater. It works as a linear organization, divided into
EXTENSIVE AQUACULTURE
or several water bodies, is charged with nutrient rich
SEMI-INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE
A constructed aquatic ecosystem, consisting of one
SALVAGE ZONE FROM CANAL 20-25 M DAM SIZE 10-15 M
NP TYPE
THE RATIO OF THE AREA PPS IS 1:2:4 OR 1:3
40.00
NURSERY POND
SIZES
20.00
:9
35.00
RULES FOR PARAMETRISING
30. 00
AQUACULTURE POND SYSTEM
TRANSITION POND
PPS1 - X
TP TYPE
50 .0 0
PPS2 - 2X-4X
REARING POND
PPS3 - 3X-9X
RP TYPE
TP- 1/2X NP- 1/3X
PRODUCTION PROCESS STAGES
7 5. 00
8 7. 50
10 0. 00
AQUACULTURE RESERVOIR 500-50 000 SQ.M
PARAMETERS
CP - 1/2X
P PS TYPE
PRODUCTION PROCESS STAGE 1
NP
P PS1 TYPE
PRODUCTION PROCESS STAGE 2
NP PPS1 x
P PS2 TYPE
T YPE
SIZE (SQ. M)
DEPTH (M)
AMOUNT
% TOTAL
NP TYPE
500 -10 000
1-1,5
1-3
1-4%
TP TYPE
1000 -20 000
1,5-2
1-2
6-9%
RP TYPE
10 000- 50 000
2,5-3
3-6
80%
1,5-2
1-5
1%
1,5-2
1-2
10%
CP
TP PPS2 2x
SUPPORT STRUCTURES + WAREHOUSE
PPS3 4x
TP
CP NP
PRODUCTION PROCESS STAGE3 P PS3 TYPE
FEEDING POND (OPTIONAL) PPS1 x
FP TYPE
FP TYPE
PPS3 9x
PPS2 3x
CATCHING (HARVESTING) POND
CP TYPE
CP TYPE
1000
500 -10 000
CANALS SECTIONS DIFFERENT CANAL PROFILES CAN BE USED FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES ANGLE OF CANAL SECTION AFFECTS WATER VELOSITY IN THE BODY OF CANAL
CANAL 60 DEG
CANAL 75 DEG
CANAL 30 DEG
CANAL 45 DEG
SCREEN CONSTRUCTION DYKE RAISED GATE
MAIN DIKE
MAIN CANAL
1:
1
1
1:
1
WATER OUTFLOW
1:
Canal dike
DRAIN PIPE
1:
1
1:
1
1
1
Berm 1:
1
1:
Berm ground level
1:
Berm
Canal dike
Canal bed
Pond bottom
SCREEN CONSTRUCTION
SECONDARY/ TRETIARY DIKE SECONDARY/ TRETIARY CANAL
DRAIN PIPE
250
1: 1
GROOVES FOR BOARDS
1
1
CONCRETE WALLS DRAIN PIPE
Canal dike Pond bottom
1: 1
1:
1: 1
Canal dike ground level
1:
1:
1
Pond bottom
1000
CONCRETE BASE
500
Canal bed
250
1000
250
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
147
WATER TREATMENT WATER USAGE DIAGRAM
BATH 9%
SHOWER 21%
TOILET 28%
AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD WASTEWATER
BLACK WATER 33%
FAUCETS 12%
TOILET LEAKS 5%
DISHWASHER 3% CLOTHES WASHER 22%
TYPES OF WATER TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TYPE
ENERGY
LAND REQUIREMENTS
COSTS
NATURAL
$
SEMI-NATURAL
$$
MECHANICAL
$$$+
WATER TREATMENT DIAGRAM
RECYCLED WATER CLASS B
STORM WATER WATER TREATMENT GREY WATER
PRIMARY TREATMENT
GREY WATER 67%
SECONDARY TREATMENT
TRETIARY TREATMENT
OPEN FIELD AGRICULTURAL AND LANDSCAPE REUSE
DISCHARGE
SCREENING RECYCLED WATER CLASS A GRIT REMOVAL
FILTRATION
INDIRECT PORTABLE DRINKING USE INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC REUSE
AGRICULTURAL REUSE
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS Domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of
AQUACULTURAL REUSE
removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage. Sewage treatment generally involves three
148
stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.
provide a high degree of biological secondary tertiary
Constructed wetlands is a method of biological treatment
treatment.
includes surface
can be released into the aquaculture system and the
flow or subsurface flow, horizontal or vertical flow
recycled again
RE-ACTIVATED PRODUCTIVE URBANSCAPES
After water is treated within the system it
WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM COMPONENTS PRIMARY TREATMENT
PIPES INCLINE:
SEPTIC TANK ST TYPE
FOR COLLECTION GREY WATER - 2% MIN. SLOPE FROM SEPTIC TANK TO WETLAND SYTEM - 0,5% MIN. SLOPE FOR WATER RECHARGE - 0,5% MIN. SLOPE
SEDIMENTATION POND SP TYPE
BUFFER ZONE FROM ROAD 20 M SIDES FOR WETLANDS RATIO 2:1 PARALLEL TREATMENT SYSTEM
SUBSUFRASE WETLAND SFW TYPE
SIZES
RULES FOR PARAMETRISING
WATER TREATMENT RESERVOIR 500-1000 SQ. METERS
GREY WATER TANK 100-500 SQ.M
PARAMETERS
ST - X/2,5
SECONDARY TREATMENT
FREE SURFACE WETLAND FSW TYPE
HF - 1,5 X FP - 0,75 X
HORIZONTAL FLOW WETLAND HF TYPE ST - X/2,5
VERTICAL FLOW WETLAND VF TYPE
TRETIARY TREATMENT
HF - 1,5 X
TOTAL TREATMENT
TYPE
SIZE (SQ. M)
DEPTH (M)
AMOUNT
ST TYPE
100-500
2
1
10%
SP TYPE
1000-10 000
2-2,5
1-2
5-10%
SSW TYPE
500-1000
0,5-1
5-6
40-50%
FSW TYPE
500-1000
1,5-2
4-5
30%
HF TYPE
500-1000
0,5-1
5-6
50%
VF TYPE
500-1000
1,5-2
4-5
30%
FP TYPE
1000-10 000
2-2,5
1-2
5%
VF - X
FP - 0,75 X
FILTRATION POND FP -TYPE
VF - X
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS The constructed ecosystem reflects processes of the
路 system design: natural systems (ponds), artificial
natural environment. It allows wastewater to be recycled
systems with incorporation of technological elements.
and added to the system back. It can be optimized
By introducing the modular system its possible to set up
along several dimensions, allowing different degrees of
the treatment process according to the amount of water
intensity.
needs to be treated and available area within a high
路 community-design: poly culture, modular organization
performativity as a public space.
路 human interference with a system
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2011-2012
149
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