Tainan Group 3

2011 International Urban Design Workshop National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan Architectural Association School of Architecture,UK, H&U MA National Chiao-Tung University NCTU-GIA, Hsinchu Tainan City Government

University Staff: Alex Warnock-Smith Sascha Haselmayer Ping-Sheng Wu AA Students: AnaghaPatil Chantal Martinelli Lucie Senesiova NiiAn NuritMoscovici PornpanThaveelertnithi NCKU Students: You-Chen Shi Yi-Chen Wu Hung-Chih Chen Mei-Yuan Wang Say-Kuan Chu NCTU Students: Green Chen Catherine Wu Rita Huang

Tainan City, Taiwan Time: 26/06 - 06/07 2011 Location: Department of Urban Planning, NCKU

TAINAN: Productive, Green, Accessible

TAINAN– Productive, Green, Accessible 1.Introduction The proposal of the Taiwanese government to sink Tainan railway beneath ground and to redevelop the 8km development strip above it presents many questions. The development proposals presented by Tainan city government are generic and lack integrated social, economic and urban thinking. What will the key drivers for this development be and how can it enhance the development of the whole Tainan city region?

Key concerns of our research and design work are to increase Tainan’s productivity to become greener, to capitalize upon its regional resources; to be more accessible to talented young professionals and the elderly; and to invest in a more three-dimensional tourist experience. These ingredients will be keys to sustaining Tainan’s competitiveness.

The current development proposals will not deliver these goals. Focusing solely on the 8km long development strip above the railway risks creating greater segregation in the city. Rather, Tainan should focus on creating productive economic and strategic relationships between many different actors across a broader spatial, economic and physical territory, to drive its development as a wider-scale process of urban transformation.

Understanding the specificities of the Tainan region is essential to identifying drivers for change that will manifest themselves spatially in the city centre.

2. Industrial corridor Taiwan’s economy is strongly supported by capital- and technologyintensive industries that dominate the west coast. These are very strongly differentiated between themselves and each location has its own strengths. In contrast to, and complementary to the high-tech industries in northern Taiwan, Tainan’s particular contribution, which could be further developed, is in green industry and the orchid industry. These industries, which are already present in the Tainan region and Tainan Science Park, have various spatial aspects that could be present in the city centre. Furthermore they could also be used to increase tourism.

RIDOR uan

WAN’S ECONOMY – INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR

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TAOYUAN Global Business Operation Headquarters District

Taipei

Hsinchu

s District Taipei

yyuan WAN’S ECONOMY – INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR Taipei ness Taipei Hsinchu HSINCHU Bio-Medical Technology District

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ers District nt & yyuan strict ness

hungg

ers District ent & n District STRY

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Hsinchu BioͲMedical Technology District BioͲMedical TAICHUNG Technology District Entertainment & Shopping District

Kaohsiung

Chiayi Chiayi Tourism &

CHIAYI Tourism & Agricultural District

ent & an District USTRY

Kaohsiung Agricultural District Tourism & Agricultural District

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TAINAN Green Industry Kaohsiung Orchids Tourism

USTRY

BACKGROUND

Taipei

BioͲMedical Technology District

Hsinchu BioͲMedical Technology District

Chiayi Hsinchu Tourism &

Agricultural District BioͲMedical Technology District Chiayi Tourism & Agricultural District

Chiayi Tourism & Agricultural District

TAIWAN’S ECONOMY – INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR

3. Tainan today In the heart of the city of Tainan, the 8.31km long railway site is available for new development. The decision to bury the railway beneath the ground seems to be a simple solution. However, Tainan’s current design proposals position large scale developments of object-buildings, with little integrated thinking. Also it is hard to ignore the high cost and high-risk of such an investment without a clear economic and urban driver. Moreover, this design risks accentuating the existing segregation in the city centre and lacks coherent strategic thinking in terms of the development process. We argue that Tainan does not need to wait for the underground railway that may or may not take place in the next 6 years. Tainan should trigger its transformation now.

CURRENT PROPOSAL

CURRENT PROPOSAL CURRENT PROPOSAL

EXISTING CONDITION

BACKGROUND

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT IS UNLIKELY TO DELIVER OBJECTIVES

4. Regional resource In order to make the most of its recent transformation into a municipal city government administering a polycentric city region, Tainan city government should maximize its regional resources to promote tourism, cultural activities and economic growth. Key resources of the region are the orchid plantations and green tech industries, which could become drivers for development in the inner city where they could contribute productively to the urban centre, as opposed to being concentrated in unsustainable technology parks. Investing in the orchid industry offers a new potential for Tainan’s tourism development. Orchid festivals in the city centre and trips to the plantations could offer the economic and tourist engagement that is so successful in Chiang Mai (Thailand) and Amsterdam (Holland).

GREEN TECHNOLOGY

ORCHID INDUSTRY

CITY CENTRE

TOURISM

POLYCENTRIC REGION TRANSPORT LINK

BACKGROUND

MAXIMISE REGIONAL RESOURCES

CITY CENTER SHOULD MAXIMISE REGIONAL RESOURCES

5. Drivers for development The regional resources could provide drivers for development in the inner city of Tainan. The orchid fairs that take place in Tainan every year for three months, indicate the possibility to activate the city center in terms of tourism. Clean technology that leads to more energy efficient and environmentally friendly green buildings, transport and infrastructure, could be a key driver in research partnerships in the city centre. Most importantly, the green tech that is rooted in the region will manifest itself in the city. Starting with shared research laboratories with NCKU, new technology services, to more open collaboration of different actors that will result in more inventive and creative output - green tech has many ways to activate the city. In order to develop, these drivers need successful space to insert and operate in. The space needs to be of an appropriately integrated form for these activities to form the basis of urban development in the city centre.

BACKGROUND

POTENTIAL INDUSTRIAL DRIVERS FOR TRANSFORMATION

6. From Science Park‌ Large scale development with little accessibility and interaction

On the one hand there is the reality of industries operating in science parks, which provide limited spatial quality and are disconnected from the city. The accessibility and interaction of hostile office and research buildings with the surroundings are reduced to a minimum, and do little to promote productive exchange with other actors such as the university. Moreover, large scale development oriented towards one specific cluster of industry is not sustainable.

BACKGROUND

SOUTHERN TAIWAN SCIENCE PARK, TAINAN

7. ‌to integrated green development for industrial growth On the other hand, there are many possibilities of how to incorporate industry directly into the city and to support a richer engagement with it. The city development could be combined with environmentally sustainable design to create a differentiated series of permeable spaces, incorporating advanced technologies into architecture. A good example of this is Media-TIC Building in Barcelona where architecture serves partly to open up public information and communication technology hub where new ideas incubate, generate, exhibit and attract others in the ICT field.

PRECEDENTS

MEDIA TIC BUILDING, BARCELONA BY CLOUD 9

8. From generic development strip‌ The current development proposals are directly related to the rail development and therefore seen as not flexible and dependent on other development decisions. The proposal by the Taiwanese government tries to condense all development in one site around the main train station in the city centre while the railway underground project extends 8km North-South, in an attempt to reconnect the West and East part of the city. As it is such an expansive territory, it is inappropriate to overload one point of the line with multiple developments and leave the rest under question.

BACKGROUND

FROM GENERIC DEVELOPMENT STRIP …

9. ‌to stitches as spatial strategy It is possible to start the development around the station at this moment without relying on the uncertainty of the railway underground project which will take at least 7 years to complete. An alternative strategy would be that of stitching together different actors and drivers across the city to form productive relationships to drive Tainan’s transformation. To facilitate these urban interventions we proposed to activate city space in three key development areas, facilitating the transformation of the city through collaboration of industry, tourism and knowledge.

SPATIAL STRATEGY

…TO STITCHES AS SPATIAL STRATEGY

10. Three Main Focus Areas There are three main focus areas that could trigger the transformation of the city immediately. Development in these areas is differentiated and responds to existing conditions that will help with the process of transformation. One focuses on space for all generations with small scale industry, the other two integrate industry on a larger scale connected to research and tourism.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 3 CONNECTING UNIVERSITY(NCKU) BUSINESS INCUBATOR RESIDENTIAL: LIVE-WORK HISTORICAL SITES TAINAN PARK HOSPITAL

DEVELOPMENT SITE 2 CONNECTING UNIVERSITY(NCKU) R&D FACILITIES BUSINESS INCUBATOR LEARNING& BUSINESS CENTRE CONFERENCE FACILITIES CITY CENTRE-MAIN STATION 5- STAR HOTEL

DEVELOPMENT SITE 1 CONNECTING COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL: LIVE-WORK BUSINESS START-UP COMMUNITY CENTRE

SPATIAL STRATEGY

3 STRATEGIC SITES TO KICK-START DEVELOPMENT

11. Proposed drivers for transformation The strategies are bringing multi-scalar and multi-layered changes through physical and non-physical interventions. The improvement of living and working patterns and shared facilities, communication between institutions, industry and the city, a new mobility system, spaces of exchange – all these create possibilities for new and unexpected synergies that will enrich the city.

RESIDENCES STUDENT PROFESSIONAL GROWING FAMILY ELDERLY

INDUSTRIES GREEN TECHNOLOGY ORCHID INDUSTRY BUSINESS INCUBATOR

INSTITUTIONS NCKU SHARED FACILITIES R&D AUDITORIUM LEARNING &BUSINESS CENTRE BUSINESS INCUBATOR MUSEUM HIGH SCHOOL CITY LIBRARY

PHYSICAL TRAIN STATION BUS STATION BICYCLE STATION INTERCHANGE STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS DEVELOPMENT SITE III. DEVELOPMENT SITE II.

KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE LOCAL EXCHANGE

DEVELOPMENT SITE I.

SPATIAL STRATEGY

PROPOSED DRIVERS FOR TRANSFORMATION

PHYSICAL TRAIN STATION BUS STATION BICYCLE STATION INTERCHANGE STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS

SPATIAL STRATEGY

PROPOSED DRIVERS: PHYSICAL INTERVENTIONS

INSTITUTIONS NCKU SHARED FACILITIES R&D AUDITORIUM LEARNING & BUSINESS CENTRE BUSINESS INCUBATOR MUSEUM HIGH SCHOOL CITY LIBRARY

SPATIAL STRATEGY

PROPOSED DRIVERS: INSTITUTIONS

INDUSTRIES GREEN TECHNOLOGY ORCHID INDUSTRY BUSINESS INCUBATOR

SPATIAL STRATEGY

PROPOSED DRIVERS: INDUSTRIES

RESIDENCE STUDENT PROFESSIONAL GROWING FAMILY ELDERLY

SPATIAL STRATEGY

PROPOSED DRIVERS: RESIDENCES

12. Development Site 01: supporting all lifestyles and entrepreneurship The main focus of development site 01, south of the railway station, is to provide integrated development for all generations and to interconnect with the surrounding parts of the city. It is important not only to provide housing but also to provide service to a number of lifestyles: providing accommodation and lifestyles conditions that could strengthen the inner city space. At the same time the development supports entrepreneurs by providing business startup and live-work spaces with community centers.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 01

SUPPORTING ALL LIFESTYLES AND ENTERPRENEURSHIP

13. Building on existing housing types in Tainan In order to propose this development it is important to understand the existing ways of living and working that are already present in Tainan.

Though the existing housing typologies have multiple scales and mixed-use character there is an absence of live-work typologies in Tainan. Courtyard housing or shop-houses are a successful integrated residential type to learn from and develop further. The interesting inherent characteristic of active street-fronts could be reinterpreted and pushed further.

PRECEDENTS

EXISTING HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN TAINAN

PRECEDENTS

EXISTING HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN TAINAN

14. Including all generations Tainan has to confront the emerging issue of its ageing population, and cannot ignore the necessity of good accessibility to the city centre for all age groups. Future housing development for community should be inclusive for all generations and provide spaces for the elderly, youth and growing families.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 01

INCLUDING ALL GENERATIONS

15. Evolving housing typologies: New low-rise housing types Low-rise housing types draw out the spatial quality of courtyard housing, providing a smaller scale of development with housing for elderly in lower levels and families in higher levels. It is combined with small scale living and working environments and supports new social synergies via shared external spaces.

Shop House

Traditional House

Town House

Upper Floor

Ground Floor

DEVELOPMENT SITE 01

EVOLVING HOUSING TYPOLOGIES : NEW LOW RISE HOUSING TYPES

16. Evolving housing typologies: New high-rise housing types On the other hand, high-rise types allow integrate larger number of activities within one building; from community spaces, to start ups and small office spaces to integrated housing and small scale commercial activities.

Town House

DEVELOPMENT SITE 01

High Rise

Shop House

NEW HIGH RISE HOUSING TYPES

DEVELOPMENT SITE 01

SUPPORTING ALL LIFESTYLES AND ENTERPRENEURSHIP

17. Sequence of non-physical connections The question is not only how to integrate housing into the site, but also to provide other facilities such as start-up businesses and community facilities in order to create new social and economic synergies.

All these require spatial characteristics that provide differentiated sequences of spaces. These will enhance existing patterns of working and living for all generations by bringing together housing for elderly, families and young professionals with other facilities.

Attracting young professionals is not an issue for Tainan, but encouraging them to stay, work and start businesses, raise families and grow old in the city is a key challenge for this new development site. The proposed new mixed-use typologies build upon the typologies already present in Tainan (such as shop houses or courtyard houses) to support lifestyle patterns and will add value to the new city space. It is also a strategy for building upon Tainan’s young talent and retaining it against the current trend of the educated youth migrating to the North of Taiwan for better employment opportunities.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 01

SEQUENCE OF SPACES AND PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP

18. Development Site 02: Campus-City potential Development site 02 is located in close proximity to the railway and the main station. Currently, NCKU (National Cheng Kung University) has a typical spatial organization of a campus with varying degrees of accessibility to the public inside its privileged space that is significantly separated from the rest of the city. We propose providing new shared facilities as a medium to facilitate new productive relationships between the university and industry.

NCKU is skeptical and uncertain about its future role in the city and about new development on its campus. In order to kick start a process of integrating the city and the university, there are certain university facilities that could be opened-up and shared with different stakeholders - businesses and industries.

19. Development Site 02: Campus-City potential NCKU holds huge potential and responsibility as a key player in the development of Tainan city. This development site aims to transform the relationship between the university and the city, positioning NCKU in knowledge partnerships with industries and business, with shared resources and spaces of knowledge production opened up to the larger population of the city.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 02

THE NEW RELATIONSHIP OF CAMPUS – CITY

20. ITU (IT University Copenhagen) ITU in Copenhagen is a topical precedent with a similar intention to promote exchange between learning and public-private interaction in one building. The ground floor facilities are available to both university and companies, while other floors are dedicated to research and teaching for the university, with incubator units and free working desks for start-up companies above.

5TH FLOOR BUSINESS INCUBATORS

2ND – 4TH FLOOR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT +TEACHING

1ST FLOOR ATRIUM + AUDITORIUM + EXHIBITION AREAS + EVENT SPACES + LIBRARY

PRECEDENTS

IT UNIVERSITY , COPENHEGEN

21. A sequence of business and learning spaces In order to maximize the potential area of the campus, which currently has an inactive edge, new shared facilities are proposed with the intention of activating the learning and economic activities between the universities, public and external resources. Both physical and non-physical principles enabling synergies exchange can be extracted from the ITU model and applied to the development of NCKU.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 02

NEW SYNERGIES OF BUSINESS, UNIVERSITY AND THE PUBLIC

22. University expansion: local training centre The university itself could also expand into the city. By allowing some departments to spread into the city and introducing local training facilities, connections between the university and existing communities could be enhanced. These interventions, with bridges across the railway, will link both east and west sides of the city, physically and non-physically.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 02

BRIDGING THE CAMPUS AND THE CITY WITH LEARNING FACILITIES

23. New proposals: Linkage to the existing resources The proposal for the development site includes new buildings containing business incubators, learning facilities and auditoriums that are complementary to the existing resources such as university auditorium and Shangri-La Hotel. These new facilities will be made accessible to public, the university, businesses and researchers.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 02

FILLING THE GAP OF PROVISION FOR CONFERENCE FACILITIES

24. Network of productive relationships The public life of the city and the privileged life of the campus could be integrated through a series of open spaces and a new public mobility system of pedestrian and cycling routes. Together with a number of shared education and business spaces, new activities on the ground floor, and close proximity to the station, this development aims to reinforce a network of productive relationships between the university and the city to enhance the knowledge economy. The proposed mixed-use typologies provide an urban infrastructure for the university to negotiate its new role and develop its expansion.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 02

SEQUENCE OF SPACES AND PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP

25. Development Site 03: Research & Development and business spaces, Green Tech, Orchids & Tourism The third development site is located between the University hospital and the Tainan Park. The proposed interventions will occupy part of the land owned by the University and part by the Railway Authority and promote business and tourism. To contribute to the development strategy, we have identified a number of key drivers and industries, such as: the Green Technology Industry, the Orchid Industry, and the Tourism Industry. The orchid industry will bring together business and tourism, while the Research and Development will bring together the green tech industry and the university. The presence of the Magic School of Green Tech in the site suggests that synergies between University and Business could flourish; while the sequence of heritage buildings in the site and the Tainan Park would be part of the tourism/ cultural net.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 03

R&D AND BUSINESS SPACES, GREEN TECH, ORCHIDS & TOURISM

26. ESADE Creapolis, Barcelona Creapolis ESADE in Barcelona is an example of a similar strategy that facilitates lateral and collaborative innovations and relationships.

Here in the university campus adjoining the Jesuits’ monastery and executive residency, a 20,000 square metre business centre was built, where no company can rent more than 1000 square metres of floor space. In this space very large companies operate small strategic offices inside a world class business school to access academic and learned expertise as well as to boost small start-up entrepreneurships.

Meanwhile, the University benefits from the practical knowledge and economic resources of the business centre.

Business School 20.000 sqm Incubator & open business innovation centre Student Residence Executive Residence Student & Professional Residence

PRECEDENTS

Monastery

ESADE CREAPOLIS , BARCELONA

27. Permeable Ground The ground floors of the proposed structures for Tainan allow continuous flow and exchange of people and provide opportunities for public interaction, cultural and professional exchange through hubs and green spaces. A city that is attractive to citizens is also attractive to the tourists; the interventions combine to make the whole city experience, from work to entertainment, of a higher quality.

28. Working Ecologies The goal is to move away from the secluded science park model to productive clusters integrated in the city centre, with the ambition of creating dynamic networks and relationships between new and the existing resources. Moreover, it is important to develop a new kind of tourism that not only looks at the past and heritage but also into the future by developing novel attractions. Tainan city tourism authority needs to think more holistically about its tourism industry. While the temples and other traditional monuments are the landmarks of the historic city; the orchids, businesses, green technology and integrated urban spaces will provide additional tourist benefits.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 03

WORKING ECOLOGIES

29. Temporary living A variety of housing provisions will contribute to boost the development of the area. Among several different housing typologies that are present in Tainan, the high rise type seems to be the most appropriate for the growth of this area. The proposed flexible housing type will serve for different living styles: permanent residents, temporary residents such as researchers and students (housing with shared facilities) and short stay visitors (hotels). The focus has been to design building typologies that would work in both the scenarios, whether the railway is underground or over ground for the time being. This would generate different opportunities and synergies for the future, and not create dependencies on the completion of the long term urban intervention of the railway project.

WORKING ECOLOGIES

DEVELOPMENT SITE 03

TEMPORARY LIVING

30. Sequence of Spaces for Business & Industry In order to provide successful city space one needs to focus on a sequential experience of differentiated spaces between the university, businesses and tourism to investigate crossover of knowledge and experiences, by inserting start-up incubators, knowledge sharing spaces, exhibition areas and temporary & permanent living accommodation.

Urbanism and architecture are tools for providing the spaces and sites for this development to happen.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 03

SEQUENCE OF SPACES AND PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP

31. Scooter Overload A study of Tainan’s existing mobility system shows that private scooters are the dominant transportation method, being the cheapest and most efficient way of moving through the city. However, as a main transportation solution it causes a significant overload on the city’s streets and public spaces.

MOBILITY SYSTEM

SCOOTER OVERLOAD

32. Mobility experience: Issues and potentials Following transportation routes of different user groups such as professionals, students and tourists, there are many difficulties in the existing transport infrastructure due to the number of interchanges.

On the one hand, these complicate and lengthen the journey from one point to another and could be streamlined. On the other hand, the waiting spaces and interchange spaces have great potential for social interaction and exchange that could be further developed spatially.

MOBILITY SYSTEM

2:40

1:23

0:58

HSR STATION

MOBILITY EXPERIENCES FOR PROFESSIONALS

32:40

24:52

23:30

2:40

0:00

RAIL STATION

33. Waiting Rooms: Potential spaces of exchange and encounter While combining the existing interchange spaces into inter-modal hubs may seem to be an appropriate solution for simplifying the public transportation system, the challenge in rethinking the interchange nodes is to maintain their diversity. The sequence of these spaces and the differentiation of experiences they provide have the potential to form a spatial network of encounter and exchange. The waiting room will become not only a positive space with efficient logistics, but also social space of interaction and learning experience as well.

MOBILITY SYSTEM

WAITING ROOMS: POTENTIAL SPACES OF EXCHANGE + ENCOUNTER

34. A shared cycle + e-bike system A greener mobility system would significantly reduce the number of private scooters used in the city and free up the conglomerate public spaces. Establishing shared transportation modes of both bicycles and electronic scooters will not only reduce the amount of vehicles but also create a new mobility network. This new layer of mobility will improve connections across the city and integrate the proposed interventions with the existing urban fabric.

CHANGING MODE OF TRANSPORTATION

Ring Road

Park & Ride Experience Inter-modal Experience Existing Cycle Route

Existing Cycle Routes

MOBILITY SYSTEM

Proposed Cycle Route Grid

SHARED BICYCLES + E-BIKE SYSTEM

35. Differentiated mobility and exchange experiences The shared mobility system would be based on expanding the existing cycle routes and introducing new service points including park and ride points and inter-modal exchanges. The differentiation between slower attractive routes and high-speed corridors will contribute to the different experiences of the city. The proposed pedestrian and bicycle routes on top of the railway line could become a memory of the buried North-South axis. This new public infrastructure net of shared transport systems is a productive network of exchange that will integrate urban developments and enhance the possibilities for distribution of urban growth across the city.

OPEN SPACE MAIN BUILD MAIN ROAD SECONDARY ROAD TERTIARY ROAD INFORMATION STOP STITCH

MOBILITY SYSTEM

DIFFERENTIATED MOBILITY AND EXCHANGE EXPERIENCES

36. Physical intervention: Integrated Urban Fabric + Net of multiple relations The strategic urban interventions in multiple scales will bring together main actors to negotiate their roles in urban transformation. Different spatial qualities - residential space for all generations with small scale industry to the integrated space for large scale industry, research and tourism - and integrated public infrastructure network will create new productive economic, social and political relationships in the city. This will enable the city of Tainan to strengthen its competitiveness without waiting for the underground railway project to take place.

DEVELOPMENT SITE 3

PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP UNIVERSITY(NCKU) BUSINESS INCUBATOR RESIDENTIAL: LIVE-WORK HISTORICAL SITES TAINAN PARK NCKU HOSPITAL

DEVELOPMENT SITE 2

PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP UNIVERSITY(NCKU) R&D FACILITIES BUSINESS INCUBATOR LERNING& BUSINESS CENTRE CONFERENCE FACILITIES CITY CENTRE-MAIN STATION 5- STAR HOTEL

DEVELOPMENT SITE 2

PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL: LIVE-WORK BUSINESS START-UP COMMUNITY CENTRE

CONCLUSION

SPATIAL INTERVENTIONS

37. Conclusion: Toward the sustainable, productive and accessible city region The proposed urban strategy and interventions aim to generate the platform of possibilities for the future development of Tainan. By integrating social, economic and urban thinking to the specificities of the city, Tainan could become more sustainable, accessible, productive and capable of enhancing the competitiveness of the whole Tainan city region.

The concentration of all large-scale developments in one site along the railway line, as proposed by Tainan city government, does not contribute to the integration of the city fabric and the cross over between stakeholders. Therefore, an alternative strategy would be that of stitching together different actors and drivers across the city to form productive relationships. To facilitate these new synergies we proposed to activate city space in three key development areas- one focuses on space for all generations with small scale industry and the other two integrate industry on a larger scale connected to research and tourism.

In order to achieve the wider-scale process of urban transformation, the productive economic and strategic relationships between key drivers- industries, institutions and residences- across a broader territory is identified. The unique industrial sectors rooted in the region such as green technology and the orchid industry are considered to have potential to manifest themselves spatially in the city centre as well as to activate tourism in the city region. This integration will not only bring activities and opportunities to the urban centre but also open up the new possibilities of collaboration between industries, institution and other actors through shared research, start-up, learning and service facilities. At the same time, the integrated residential development built on the existing way of living and working in Tainan for all generations and lifestyles from young professional to elderly, will encourage social synergies and retain a high potential of human resources in the area.

Urbanism and architecture are tools for providing the spaces and sites for this development to happen.

The multi-scalar and multi-layered approaches in terms of physical and non-physical interventions will generate productive relationships in terms of living and working patterns, multiple uses of shared facilities, communication between institutions, industry and the city, a new mobility system and spaces of exchange. A series of differentiated spaces between the university, businesses, residences and tourism will allow the crossover of knowledge and negotiation between different actors to take place.

The greener mobility system with shared transportation modes, will significantly reduce the amount of vehicles resulting in less congested public spaces and most importantly, a new public mobility network.

The different experiences of the city will be materialised by expanding the existing cycle routes, introducing new service points as well as routes for different movement speeds, and rethinking interchange spaces for social interaction. This new public infrastructure net is a productive network of exchange that will integrate urban development and enhance the possibilities for distribution of urban growth across the city.

All in all, the urban strategy and physical interventions proposed in this research and design work aim to achieve development at multiple scales - city, regional and national scales. At the city scale, an integrated urban fabric and synergies between different actors will be generated while regional resources will be capitalized in Tainan city region. This will ultimately sustain and enhance the competitiveness of Tainan city region at the national scale.

CONCLUSION

INTEGRATED URBAN FABRIC AND NEW PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP