Controlling Structure with Wind by AA School

Controlling structure with wind

Technical studies 2011 AA School of Achitecture 3rd year Inter 9 Ja Kyung Kim

Content

Chapter one.

Project overview

a. Site explanation

Chapter three.

Experimentations

a. Damper structure

b. Light and reflection

Damper 1 . Dofferent variation of damper system

c. Surface and structure

Damper 2 . Different weights of skyscraper damper system

d. Explanation of narrative b. Wind turbine structure

e. Observatory

Turbine 1 . Different variations of surfaces

d. Site condition _ Sun and Wind

Turbine 2 . Solid fan surfaces and triagular angled farme Turbine 3 . Hole and weigt for controlling rotation with wind

b_a. The wind test with smoke

Chapter two.

References & Case studies

a. Structure. whole structure. c. Joint structure

1. Damper structure

Joint 1 . Basic ball joint system

2. Pole vault system

Joint 2 . Applying ball joint for triagular frame Joint 3 . Spring structure for joint

b. Structure. Frame and Joint. 1. Human bone joint structure 2. Case study_Joint part of Eden project c. Tubine system.

Chapter Four.

Conclusion

a. Conclusion and design dieas b. Plan and Elevation

Chapter one.

Project over view

a. Site explanation b. Light and reflection c. Surface and structure d. Explanation of narrative e. Observatory d. Site condition _ Sun and Wind

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ General the site condition

Roof plan of the crypt

Gaudiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s original design proposal

Textile mill

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ The aim of movable structure

A_Surfaces ; create reflection by wind turbine system

B_Joints ; connection parts between surfaces and bottom structure

C_Structure ; branch structure or pole vaulting structure

Image of model for initial idea Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Image of model for movable moments

Chapter one

_ Projectoverview _ Light reflection

Negative spaces_Colums

Light from different Windows

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

This drawing shows the light through the window of the the crypt in Colonia Guell. I have tried to create the light intensity and the amount of the light through these line drawings. The Lux information comes from the site research. This is the plan of the crypt and I chose 5 different size of windows. Different colours indicate the windows and this creates intersections when they cross each other.

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Light reflection

Reflection = Light intersection 30

Reflection = Light intersection

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

I then decided that from this intersection there could be reflection. It is difficult to express as a reflection itself because it is a dynamic and invisible factor. However I had to determine that could be reflection inside the crypt.

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Light reflection surfaces

According to the mesh surface, it had many different sizes of triangle shapes on the surface. After that I offset minimum (1mm) to create information and used laser cutting. The gap in the cutting lines which the laser had cut through the paper created very delicate figures for the same reason before. I used vivid doubled coloured paper to represent the colour variation as the reflection from the pipes. It represents several possibility to build 3D volume from 2D drawings. Testing with light, it created more fascinating results and as you can see it can also give another impression of light or reflection.

TP_Hue:30

TP_Hue:07

TP_Hue:135 TP_Hue:210

+ TP_Hue:255

Shell to Volume

TP_Hue:165 TP_Hue:150

TP_Hue:195 TP_Hue:180

R:0

Hue:165

R:0

Hue:180

G:255 Sat:255

B:191 Val:255

B:255 Val:255

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Coloured paper to represent various reflexction information

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Surfaces as shell A . creating reflection B . Triangular frame

A B

B A

Light through laser cutting seufaces

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Folded triagular surfaces

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Regenerating of pipes form

Detail of pole structure

Model of reflection information I

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Model of reflection information II

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Configuration of three different hierarches

Surface

? Joint Joint

Pole structure

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Story and Constellation for Observertory 12h 14h

The spaces can behave in the same way as when the three wise men stared at the stars and followed them. The stars always move around the sky and many people believe constellations have many different ways and meanings. Therefore my space can be an observatory to look at the sky and stars. The opening in the top space offers different views of the constellations because the structure can be slightly movable with the wind. The wind changes all the time but it has an average annual movement so I started to build up information about the wind. The different wind speeds and directions inform the articulation and generate the forms.

10h

16h

In addition, stars have 10% saturation colours so this can be linked with my previous study of colour and shapes.

18h

20h

ion

t lla

s on

vie

22h 2h 0h

Cons

tellat

ion _ Sky v iew

Surfac es _ O bserva tory

Three wise men and observatory tools

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Coulor of stars

summer

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Understanding the site condition _ The wind and the sun

autumn

winter

spring

Decision of using movable structure to regenerate the external reflection as spatial quality but it is still ambiguous to define actual form and function. However, thinking about how to engage people to come to the site and experience it more deeply. Therefore I would like to produce structure which will be able to move by the wind and recreate special reflection movement with wind and sunlight.

NNE

NNW

The main wind direction on the site

Average time of sunrise and sunset

ENE

WNW S

W Plan of initial model

ESE

WSW N

SSE

SSW

S E

Sun path on the site

Each month of wind movement

Sun path and average annual wind direction Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

summer

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Understanding the site condition _ The wind and the sun

autumn

winter

spring

NNE

NNW

The main wind direction on the site

Average time of sunrise and sunset

ENE

WNW S

W Plan of initial model

ESE

WSW N

SSE

SSW

S E

Sun path on the site

Each month of wind movement

Sun path and average annual wind direction Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

summer

Chapter one._ Project overview

_ Understanding the site condition _ The wind and the sun

autumn

winter

spring

NNE

NNW

The main wind direction on the site

Average time of sunrise and sunset

ENE

WNW S

W Plan of initial model

ESE

WSW N

SSE

SSW

S E

Sun path on the site

Each month of wind movement

Sun path and average annual wind direction Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two.

References & Case studies a. Structure. whole structure. 1. Damper structure 2. Pole vault system

b. Structure. Frame and Joint. 1. Human bone joint structure 2. Case study_Joint part of Eden project c. Tubine system.

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_a. Damper structure

The tuned mass damper in the Taipei 101 skyscraper is a 660tonne steel sphere, made from flat circular plates welded together For earthquake-prone countries in the developed world, there is no shortage of options for designing safer buildings. It’s actually a fairly marginal cost to make a building earthquake resistant — there’s no such thing as earthquake proof,’ said Main. Often used in California and Japan, where earthquakes of varying magnitudes are a frequent event, earthquake engineering makes buildings more resistant to ground shaking. There are two main ways to do this: either absorb the energy of the shaking within the building’s structure or decouple the main building structure from the ground so that the building moves much less when the ground begins to shake. Neither of these concepts are new. The Incas built cities such as Machu Picchu using dry-stone walls out of blocks cut to fit together. During an earthquake, the blocks could move slightly against each other, dissipating the energy of the quake and preventing resonant vibrations developing. Read more: http://www.theengineer.co.uk/sectors/civil-and-structural/after-shock/1000838.article#ixzz1FXK9mAfH

The main tuned mass damper in Taipei 101 sits above the 87th floor Decoupling the building from its foundation, which is known as base isolation, is possibly even older. Examples are known from more than 2,500 years ago in ancient Persia. Energy absorption techniques now reach their most spectacular in skyscrapers, which sway with a characteristic frequency during earthquakes. Massive pendulums are installed at the top of the tower, mounted on springs so they move in such a way as to counter the frequency of the swaying. Known as tuned mass damping, the technique is used in the Taipei 101 skyscraper in Taiwan, which, until last month, was the tallest building in the world. Taipei 101 has three tuned mass dampers; a 660-tonne, 5.5m-diameter steel sphere suspended between the 88th and 92nd floors; and two smaller dampers, each weighing 6 tonnes, at the top of the spire, more than 500m up. Base isolation now generally involves connecting the building’s foundations to the building itself via shock absorbers. ’This was used in the reconstruction after the L’Aquila earthquake,’ said Main. ’The city built blocks of flats with a car park in the basement and the building itself is supported on isolation pillars. ’The pillars have shock absorbers on top with rubber components to absorb the vibration and a big concrete plate rests on top of the shock absorbers with the building itself on top of that,’ he added. ’ There’s still some transfer of energy between the ground and the building, but it’s significantly less than there would be otherwise.’ Read more: http://www.theengineer.co.uk/sectors/civil-and-structural/after-shock/1000838.article#ixzz1FXLtmX00

Taipei 101 skyscraper

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Possibilities of movement

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_a. Damper structure

Taipei 101 skyscraper

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Possibilities of movement

Chapter two.

Reference

_ Structure_a. Pole Vaulting structure

Pole vaulting structure Pole vaulting as an athletic activity dates back to the ancient Greeks. Modern competition started around the turn of the 20 th century, when the Olympic Games were restarted. A sharp increase in the achievable height coincided with the advent of composite (fibreglass) poles, about 50 years ago. These are sufficiently strong and flexible to allow substantial amounts of energy (kinetic energy of the athlete) to be transformed into elastic strain energy stored in the deformed pole, and subsequently transformed again into potential energy (height of the athlete) as the pole recovers elastically. The mechanics of beam bending is clearly integral to this operation. The sharp increase in achievable height that coincided with the switch to composite poles was due to a change in the mechanics of pole vaulting. Bamboo or metal poles with sufficient flexibility to allow significant energy storage would, respectively, be likely to fracture or plastically deform. Visual inspection of a bent pole (see photo) is all that's needed to estimate the distribution of axial strains (and hence stresses) within its cross-section. The pole has a diameter of about 50 mm and it can be seen in the photo that it is being bent to a (uniform) radius of curvature, R , of the order of 1 m (~ length of the athlete's legs!). Considering a section of unit length (unstrained) in the diagram below, the angle θ (~tan θ ) ≈ 1/R after bending (where R is the radius of curvature). From the two similar triangles in the diagram, θ is also given by the surface strain ε divided by r , the radius of the pole . The surface strain, ε, is thus given by the ratio r / R , which has a value here of about 2.5 %.

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two.

Reference

_ Structure_a. Pole Vaulting structure

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two.

Reference

_ Structure_a. Branch structure

To apply the branch structure

Tree branch structure The structural system adopted here is that of a tree-branch. The propagation of the branching system along the longitudinal section of the conserved building is differentiated in its growth along the transverse section. The tree structure was designed to be a steel truss and the challenge lay in working through the construction system compatible with local skills. Rather than looking at steel fabricators within the building construction sector, we sourced boiler fabricators for high precision work.

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two.

Reference

_ Structure_a. Branch structure

To apply the branch structure

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

The COR tower

World trade centre in Bahrain

Castle house skyscraper

Wind turbine

Wind turbine skyscraper examples

Triangular mesh surfaces can be the turbine structure to create new way of producing reflection rather than gathering wind energy

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

The COR tower

World trade centre in Bahrain

Castle house skyscraper

Wind turbine

Wind turbine skyscraper examples

Triangular mesh surfaces can be the turbine structure to create new way of producing reflection rather than gathering wind energy

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

To find proper shape for the wind turbine system

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

To find proper shape for the wind turbine system

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

Analysing of fan shape and movement

Shape

Number of wing

As for the shape, wind turbines can either have tail vanes or fan tails. Fan tails mechanically turn the rotor to the windâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s direction. The simple tail vane, as opposed to fan tails, helps the rotor keep directed to the wind even though it changes direction.

A single blade is not enough to capture the energy of the wind. It may be possible to operate yet it will need a much higher rotor speed than a two-blade turbine. This means that the gear ratio required for the transmission will be reduced as well as the cost of the gearbox. Because of this, a single long blade is considered to be delivering optimal efficiency.

Both fan tails and tail vanes, with the wind force, orient the rotor to flow upwind. But when the rotor is placed downwind of the tower, tail vanes or fan tails are not necessary anymore. What it needs instead is a set of blades swept slightly downwind, which forms a coning shape on the rotor. Because downwind machines look sleeker than tail-vaned or fan-tailed turbines, many people consider them modern.

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

Analysing of fan shape and movement

Shape

Number of wing

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

Configuration of turbine system to recreate different reflection

The components can be made as this kinetic movements

Kinetic arts with wind

Wind turbines are designed to exploit the wind energy that exists at a location. Aerodynamic modeling is used to determine the optimum tower height, control systems, number of blades and blade shape. Wind turbines convert wind energy to electricity for distribution. Conventional horizontal axis turbines can be divided into three components. The rotor component, which is approximately 20% of the wind turbine cost, includes the blades for converting wind energy to low speed rotational energy. The generator component, which is approximately 34% of the wind turbine cost, includes the electrical generator, the control electronics, and most likely a gearbox, adjustable-speed drive or continuously variable transmission component for converting the low speed incoming rotation to high speed rotation suitable for generating electricity. The structural support component, which is approximately 15% of the wind turbine cost, includes the tower and rotor yaw mechanism.

Components of model

Material used Wood

Wood is often the material used for small turbines. Wooden blades are made from wood planks or wood laminates formed into the desired shape and finished with a weather-resistant coating. Its leading edge is covered by polyurethane tape, a tape similar to the one used on helicopter blades, for protection from erosion or hail damage. Wood planks are good for machines with a diameter of 5 meters (16 ft) or less while laminated wood is more preferred for bigger turbines. The latter has less tendencies of shrinking and warping and gives more control over the strength and stiffness of the blades. The laminated wood proves stronger than a single plank because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s composed of slabs of wood joined together by a resin then shaped into your desired shape.

Metal

A wind turbine with metallic blades Wooden blades were replaced by different metals in the late 19th century. The first one is galvanized steel, which is considered strong so it is used in bigger wind energy projects. On the contrary, aluminum is lighter and stronger. Possible of being extruded, aluminum poses two drawbacks: it costs too much and experiences metal fatigue. Metal fatigue is like breaking a piece of wire by flexing it back and forth. Aluminum is a good material though there hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t been any documented successful use of it yet.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass is the dominant material used in wind turbine blade construction. Also called glass-reinforced polyester, fiberglass is strong, sold at a relatively reasonable price, and possesses good fatigue characteristics. One thing that makes it in demand is that it can be made through different processes. For example, aside from being extruded, it can also be pultruded where instead of pushing the material to a die, fiberglass cloth is pulled through a vat of resin then through a die. Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter two. Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

Configuration of turbine system to recreate different reflection

The components can be made as this kinetic movements

Kinetic arts with wind

Components of model

Material used Wood

Metal

Fiberglass

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_c. Joint system

Looking at human joint looking at how to connect each surface and make them stand upright, and thinking of the human muscle and joints helped me to generate form and system to connect the parts.

Bone and muscle structure to create triagular frames

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

one part of model to look at triagular frames

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_c. Joint system

Looking at human joint looking at how to connect each surface and make them stand upright, and thinking of the human muscle and joints helped me to generate form and system to connect the parts.

Bone and muscle structure to create triagular frames

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

one part of model to look at triagular frames

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_c. Joint system_Case study_Eden Project

Eden project looking at how to connect each surface and make them stand upright, and thinking of detail nod joints systems helped me to generate form and system to connect the parts.

A similar figure of joints with hexagong frames

Detail of joints to apply on my triangular joints

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_c. Joint system_Case study_Eden Project

Eden project looking at how to connect each surface and make them stand upright, and thinking of detail nod joints systems helped me to generate form and system to connect the parts.

A similar figure of joints with hexagong frames

Detail of joints to apply on my triangular joints

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations

a. Damper structure Damper 1 . Dofferent variation of damper system Damper 2 . Different weights of skyscraper damper system

b. Wind turbine structure Turbine 1 . Different variations of surfaces Turbine 2 . Solid fan surfaces and triagular angled farme Turbine 3 . Hole and weigt for controlling rotation with wind

b_a. The wind test with smoke

c. Joint structure Joint 1 . Basic ball joint system Joint 2 . Applying ball joint for triagular frame Joint 3 . Spring structure for joint

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

Process damper system In the first step, different shapes were made as plain patterns into complex folded shapes. This means this infulences decrease and increase in the movement. In the second step, a stick was prepared to make it rigid to surpport the top load. A 4mm aluminium stick was used. It was enough to test the system. In the third step, created a bottom weight which had a round shape and I put sand in it. At this point, the quantity of sand was measured and controlled, depending on the top load. In the last step, the same wind and speed direction were set up to get ready for the different shapes of the paper surface.

Different wind intensity

Different folded shape

Different material of sticks

Different quantity of sand load

立 X

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

Different wind intensity

Different folded shape

Different material of sticks

Different quantity of sand load

立 X

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

the basic shape of paper

4mm Aluminum

Experimentation of the damper structure Making the basic square paper and testing a different dynamic wind intensity. A less shaking movement was created by the three plain surfaces but it still moved fast.

Sand

First step model

45.86

29.34

17.53

14.28

1 Testing movement with different wind intensity

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

One folded shape of paper

4mm Aluminum Experimentation of the damper structure Making one vertical folded shape and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

second step model

42.31

21.14

10.00

8.95

1 Testing movement with different wind intensities

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

One folded shape of paper

4mm Aluminum Experimentation of the damper structure Making one vertical folded shape and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

second step model

26.29

18.00

10.64

8.81

1 Testing movement with different wind intensities

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

Differently angled folded shapes

4mm Aluminum Experimentation of the damper structure Making differently angled folded shapes and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

Fourth step model

35.93

25.83

23.22

14.06

1 Testing movement with different wind intensities

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

Failure Different load _ Metal sheets

In this experiment, the results failed completely because the load was extremely heavy so it lost the cetre of gravity. The doubled length of aluminium rod gave the funfamentally influenced my creation of the system.

4mm Aluminum stick

Experimentation of the damper structure

Sand

Making a different load in the folded shape using thin metal sheets and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Different movement of rotation

Load _ paper

2X 4mm Aluminum stick _ Doubled length

Different movement of rotation

Experimentation of the damper structure Making a differently length in the middle part of the structure and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

Different load testing models Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 01

Failure Different load _ Metal sheets

4mm Aluminum stick

Experimentation of the damper structure

Sand

Making a different load in the folded shape using thin metal sheets and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Different movement of rotation

Load _ paper

2X 4mm Aluminum stick _ Doubled length

Different movement of rotation

Experimentation of the damper structure Making a differently length in the middle part of the structure and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

Different load testing models Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 02

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 02

Process of the skyscraper system One of my design strategy interests is huge heavy surface are placed on the top of structures and this makes different dynamic reflections with full sunlight. Moreover, the surface system works as a similar system to a wind turbine but it has different uses like creating new ways of reflection. As a starting point, I tried to look at wind turbine structures and different folding surfaces to control the movement to make it as slow as possible.

Water

Weights

3mm

1200g 100mm

900g 600g 300g

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 02

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper. The first experimentation using different weights represented different loads on top, giving information about how the load affects movement as with high buildings.

12/7sec

6/7sec 968g Weights

Damper structure

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 02

4/7sec

3/7sec 1434g Weights

Damper structure

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Movement structure

2100g Weights

Damper structure

Movement structure

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 02

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper. The second experimentation using different amounts of water produced a suitable balance to make it stable.

7/7sec

5/7sec

Water _ 300g

Damper structure

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Water _ 600g

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 02

4/7sec

2/7sec

Water _ 900g

Damper structure Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Water _ 1200g

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 02

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper. The third experimentation using both different weights and amounts of water increased the appropriate control point to find the balance. The reasons are the two points because of the greater weight and water movement helped to find the proper load.

4.5/7sec

3/7sec

Water _ 800g

Damper structure Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Water _ 1100g

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_a. Damper system_Damper 02

2/7sec

1/7sec

Water _ 1400g

Damper structure Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Water _ 1700g

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

Process of wind turbine system

Folded surfaces as a fan

4mm Aluminium stick

Direction of wind

Load _ wooden base

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

Testing of the wind turnbine system Making the basic square paper shape and testing a different dynamic wind intensity. A less shaking movement was created by the three plain surfaces but it still moved fast.

Wind Direction

Rotations

Load _ a basic shape

4mm Aluminium stick

Load

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Testing the basic shaped paper

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

Testing of the wind turnbine system Using one vertically folded shape with the same amount and directeion of dynamic wind intensity. The vertical straight fold made more rotation than the first one because the shape got and held more wind to increase rotation. However I wanted like to make more complex shapes to increase rotation.

Wind Direction

Rotations

Load _ one vertical folded shape

4mm Aluminium stick

Load

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Testing one vertically folded shape

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

Testing of the wind turnbine system Using one angled folded shape with the same amount and direction of wind intensity. This one angled folded surface gave a surprising result because it did not move as well. The one direction produced a plane kept which losing the wind direction and power because the wind slipped through the folded lines.

Wind Direction

Rotations

Load _ one angled folded shape

4mm Aluminium stick

Load

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Testing one angled folded shape

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

Testing of the wind turnbine system Making differently angled folded shapes and testing a different dynamic wind intensity. The more complex triangular shape created more power to turn the planes because it caved in the middle. From this point, I could calculate how to increase and decrease the number of rotations. However, it needed more ways of defining how to control the power.

Wind Direction

Rotations

Load _ a differently angled shape

4mm Aluminium stick

Load

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Testing differently angled folded shapes

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

Process of wind turbine system

Different width of surfaces as a fan

Direction of wind

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Different number of surfaces as a fan

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

Reconfiguration of turbine system to recreate different reflection Experimentation of the wind turbine system_ different widths and numbers of strips. From this test, different arrangements of paper widths gave other ways of controlling the speed of rotation. The narrow surface decreased the speed but the wider surface made a faster rotation. Experimentation _Three stripes _Thinner and thicker strips Different paper strips created different degrees of rotation. Normally wind turbines contain three strips but four were tried to look at the differences.

Thinner strips

20mm

Three strips with 20mm width

Thicker strips

50mm

Three strips with 50mm width Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 01

20mm

Four strips with 20mm width

50mm

Four strips with 50mm width Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02,03

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system

Triangular meshes

Wind turbine system

The main structure _ Surfaces

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Triangular meshes

Configuration of wind turbine structure

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

Triangle mesh frames and the solid fan system

Variations of different angled components b

90˚

Variations of different angled as folding meshes

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

Triangle mesh frames and the solid fan system

Variations of different angled components b

90˚

Variations of different angled as folding meshes

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

90Ë&#x161;

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system Different sizes of paper shaspes were used because of the different proportions of the triangle frame. The shapes were folded in the same direction and shape but with different proportions and colours to create variations of coloured reflections The different installation was placed at different angles _ 90 degrees

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

Testing of triangular frame turn bine structure with 90 degrees Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

30Ë&#x161;

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 30 degrees Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

60Ë&#x161;

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 60 degrees Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

90Ë&#x161;

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 90 degrees

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

30Ë&#x161;

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 30 degrees

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 02

60Ë&#x161;

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 60 degrees

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 03

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 03

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system with holes on the surface From the previous studies, the analyses of different variations in folding were not enough to adjust the system to slow it down. Therefore, I started to investigate the actual surface to reduce the frictional force of the wind. Accordingly many holes were placed over the whole three surfaces to create the minimum friction. However it decreased the speed much less than expect.

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with holes

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 03

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with weights

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 03

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with weights

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 03

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with weights

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b. Wind turbine_Turbine 03

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with weights

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

N NNW

WNW

G Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b_a. The wind test with smoke

WSW

SSW

S Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b_a. Wind test with smoke

Virtual testing of wind movements and direction on the site

Virtual Columns

N NNE

NNW

L NE

K G H

L ENE

WNW

I J

WSW

ESE

SSE

SSW

S Initial columns model for testing wind movement on the site

Wind direction on the site

Smoke directions = wind directions

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b_a. Wind test with smoke

Virtual testing of wind movements and direction with smoke Testing with smoke to see movements of wind direction among the columns. From this experimentation, I could see how wind hit the columns and make curve movements through the columns. Therefore, it can create a new form for my design spaces.

K L

G H

C E

Testing different wind direction with virtual the columns

N NNE

NNW

C NE

K ENE

ENE

ESE

WNW

WSW

WNW

NNE

NNW

WSW

E F

ESE

A. Wind movement B. Columns

SSE

SSW

A Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

SSE

SSW

C. Wind direction

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b_a. Wind test with smoke

K L

G H

C E

Testing different wind direction with virtual columns C N

N NNE

NNW

C NE

L ENE

WNW

NNE

NNW

ENE

WNW

A W

WSW

ESE

SSE

SSW

WSW

ESE

SSE

SSW

E F

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

A. Wind movement B. Columns C. Wind direction

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b_a. Wind test with smoke

C E

Testing different wind direction with virtual columns

NNE

NNW

NNE

NNW

A K

L ENE

WNW

WSW

A E

ESE

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

E F

ESE

SSE

WSW

SSE

SSW

A. Wind movement B. Columns C. Wind direction

SSW

ENE

WNW

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_b_a. Wind test with smoke

C E

D F

Testing different wind direction with virtual columns

N NNE

NNW

K ENE

ESE

SSE

SSW

ENE

WSW

E F

ESE

A. Wind movement

B. Columns

SSE

SSW

C. Wind direction

B C Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

WNW

WSW

WNW

NNE

NNW

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 01

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 01

Experimentation of free form of the ball joint system It moves in different directions. It has 360 degree movement so it reveals different ways to investigate free form structure.

Direction of movement

Ball

Elastic rubber thread

Model of free form structure

Direction of folding panel

Direction of movement

Testing of free form of the ball joint Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 01

Experimentation of one limited form of ball joint system This moves in two different directions because the different lengths of elastic thread have an imbalanced stretch so this controls the movement. One direction is stretched fully so it is taut so the top panel doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t move freely in this direction.

Different stretched rubber thread

Direction of movement

Ball

Elastic rubber thread

Model of one limited form structure

Direction of folding panel

Different stretched rubber thread

Direction of movement

Testing of one limited form of the ball joint Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 01

Experimentation of a controlled form of ball joint system This moves to a certain degree and direction but till the rubber bands attached to the sphere make the ball stop when the top part meets the rubber bands.

Direction of movement Direction of folding panel

Ball Elastic rubber thread

Rubber bands

Model of a controlled form structure

Direction of movement

Testing of a controlled form of the ball joint Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 02

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 02

To create the joined mesh surface The mesh surface was joined with the ball joints. However it needed to be developed further to create the appropriate triangular surface with different reflection producing panels. To join the mesh This system helps each surface to move and use the wind but it creates a big gap between them. It needed be closer to each other to form a new design strategy.

A. Mesh frame A

Paper model

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

B. Ball joint

Testing model

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 02

Horizontal movement

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Vertical movement

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 02

To make the hub joint The hub joint has an octagonal shape to create different angled joints. It indicates another possibility of creating the joint system.

Testing model

A. Mesh frame B. Main hub C. Ball joint

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 02

To make the hub joint The hub joint has an octagonal shape to create different angled joints. It indicates another possibility of creating the joint system.

Horizontal movement

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Vertical movement

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 02

Making components and testing The part is a one part of the surface which is applied with the wind turbine system and the ball joint system all together. I folded and moved on to different directions to see the reaction of this structure. From this testing, I realised that it needed more density in the elastic on the ball joint to move in more controlled directions. Moreover the main hub needed a more specific shape or ways to adapt to what I aimed for with my space.

Testing model

C A. Mesh frame B. Turbine fans C. Hub joint

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 02

Horizontal movement

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Vertical movement

Chapter three.

Experimentations _ Structure_c. Joint structure_Joint 02

Angled hub joints The hub joint was divided as 6 parts and these have the same shape and angle. So it could create different folded angles and shapes to create the new structure. However, I needed to know where it has to be placed for the structure, depending on the degree of folding angles. If the angle is plain, it needs a less angled hub joint but if it has a dynamic folding structure, it needs an extreme angled hub joint. Besides, it is fixed on the bottom part structure, so it does not move as the other parts do.

Different variations of angled hub joints

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter four.

Conclusion

My technical studies purpose is controlling movement as it increases and decreases with the wind. Therefore I created and tested the damper system, the wind turbine system and different way of joint structure. These have different hierarchies to create the movement and reflection. These systems are going to be the main structure for the design strategy. According to this experimentation and analysing from it, I can apply these systems for my space to move and create a new viewing system to look at the sky and the constellations. Therefore, the movement has to be very slow to create reflection and to allow for the viewing which is reasonable movement for the new concept of the observatory .

Technical studies_AA School of Architecture_3rd year_ Inter 9_Ja Kyung Kim_2011

Chapter four. Conclusion My technical studies purpose is controlling movement as it increases and decreases with the wind. Therefore I created and tested the damper system, the wind turbine system and different way of joint structure. These have different hierarchies to create the movement and reflection. These systems are going to be the main structure for the design strategy. According to this experimentation and analysing from it, I can apply these systems for my space to move and create a new viewing system to look at the sky and the constellations. Therefore, the movement has to be very slow to create reflection and to allow for the viewing which is reasonable movement for the new concept of the observatory .

K L

G H

I J

C E D

• Site condition _ The main wind direction

• Lignt and reflection on the site

• Movement of structre behavior

10˚ 10˚

• Degree of damper movement _ 10 degree

• Wind turbine structure Turbine 1 . Different variations of surfaces Turbine 2 . Solid fan surfaces and triagular angled farme Turbine 3 . Hole and weigt for controlling rotation with wind

• Joint structure Joint 1 . Basic ball joint system Joint 2 . Applying ball joint for triagular frame Joint 3 . Spring structure for joint

• Pole vault structure

• Site _ Collόnia Gϋell

• Damper structure Damper 1 . Dofferent variation of damper system Damper 2 . Different weights of skyscraper damper system

0˚