JKK High Pass Technical Studies Report

Controlling structure with wind

Technical study Inter 9 Ja Kyung Kim

Content

Chapter one.

References

_ Structure_a. Damper structure Structure_b. Wind turbine system Structure_c. Ball joint structure

Chapter two.

Project overview

Chapter three.

Experimentations

_ a. Damper structure _ Damper one _ Damper two

_ b. wind turbine structure _Turbine system one _ Turbine system two _Turbine system theree

_ c. Ball Joint structure _ Ball joint one _ Ball joint two

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_a. Damper structure

The tuned mass damper in the Taipei 101 skyscraper is a 660tonne steel sphere, made from flat circular plates welded together For earthquake-prone countries in the developed world, there is no shortage of options for designing safer buildings.

It’s actually a fairly marginal cost to make a building earthquake resistant — there’s no such thing as earthquake proof,’ said Main.

Often used in California and Japan, where earthquakes of varying magnitudes are a frequent event, earthquake engineering makes buildings more resistant to ground shaking.

There are two main ways to do this: either absorb the energy of the shaking within the building’s structure or decouple the main building structure from the ground so that the building moves much less when the ground begins to shake.

Neither of these concepts are new.

The Incas built cities such as Machu Picchu using dry-stone walls out of blocks cut to fit together.

During an earthquake, the blocks could move slightly against each other, dissipating the energy of the quake and preventing resonant vibrations developing.

Read more: http://www.theengineer.co.uk/sectors/civil-and-structural/after-shock/1000838.article#ixzz1FXK9mAfH

The main tuned mass damper in Taipei 101 sits above the 87th floor Decoupling the building from its foundation, which is known as base isolation, is possibly even older.

Examples are known from more than 2,500 years ago in ancient Persia.

Energy absorption techniques now reach their most spectacular in skyscrapers, which sway with a characteristic frequency during earthquakes.

Massive pendulums are installed at the top of the tower, mounted on springs so they move in such a way as to counter the frequency of the swaying.

Known as tuned mass damping, the technique is used in the Taipei 101 skyscraper in Taiwan, which, until last month, was the tallest building in the world.

Taipei 101 has three tuned mass dampers; a 660-tonne, 5.5m-diameter steel sphere suspended between the 88th and 92nd floors; and two smaller dampers, each weighing 6 tonnes, at the top of the spire, more than 500m up.

Base isolation now generally involves connecting the building’s foundations to the building itself via shock absorbers. ’This was used in the reconstruction after the L’Aquila earthquake,’ said Main. ’The city built blocks of flats with a car park in the basement and the building itself is supported on isolation pillars. ’The pillars have shock absorbers on top with rubber components to absorb the vibration and a big concrete plate rests on top of the shock absorbers with the building itself on top of that,’ he added. ’ There’s still some transfer of energy between the ground and the building, but it’s significantly less than there would be otherwise.’

Read more: http://www.theengineer.co.uk/sectors/civil-and-structural/after-shock/1000838.article#ixzz1FXLtmX00

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_a. Pole Vaulting structure

Pole vaulting structure Pole vaulting as an athletic activity dates back to the ancient Greeks.

Modern competition started around the turn of the 20 th century, when the Olympic Games were restarted.

A sharp increase in the achievable height coincided with the advent of composite (fibreglass) poles, about 50 years ago.

These are sufficiently strong and flexible to allow substantial amounts of energy (kinetic energy of the athlete) to be transformed into elastic strain energy stored in the deformed pole, and subsequently transformed again into potential energy (height of the athlete) as the pole recovers elastically.

The mechanics of beam bending is clearly integral to this operation.

The sharp increase in achievable height that coincided with the switch to composite poles was due to a change in the mechanics of pole vaulting. Bamboo or metal poles with sufficient flexibility to allow significant energy storage would, respectively, be likely to fracture or plastically deform.

Visual inspection of a bent pole (see photo) is all that's needed to estimate the distribution of axial strains (and hence stresses) within its cross-section. The pole has a diameter of about 50 mm and it can be seen in the photo that it is being bent to a (uniform) radius of curvature, R , of the order of 1 m (~ length of the athlete's legs!).

Considering a section of unit length (unstrained) in the diagram below, the angle θ (~tan θ ) ≈ 1/R after bending (where R is the radius of curvature). From the two similar triangles in the diagram, θ is also given by the surface strain ε divided by r , the radius of the pole . The surface strain, ε, is thus given by the ratio r / R , which has a value here of about 2.5 %.

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_a. Branch structure

Tree branch structure The structural system adopted here is that of a tree-branch.

The propagation of the branching system along the longitudinal section of the conserved building is differentiated in its growth along the transverse section.

The tree structure was designed to be a steel truss and the challenge lay in working through the construction system compatible with local skills.

Rather than looking at steel fabricators within the building construction sector, we sourced boiler fabricators for high precision work.

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

The COR tower

World trade centre in Bahrain

Castle house skyscraper

Wind turbine skyscraper examples

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

To find proper shape for the wind turbine system

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_b. turbine structure

Analysing of fan shape and movement

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_c. Joint system

Looking at human joint looking at how to connect each surface and make them stand upright, and thinking of the human muscle and joints helped me to generate form and system to connect the parts.

Chapter one.

Reference

_ Structure_c. Joint system

Study different way of using a ball joint system

Chapter three.

Experimentations

_ a. Damper structure _ Damper one

Process damper system In the first step, different shapes were made as plain patterns into complex folded shapes.

This means this infulences decrease and increase in the movement.

In the second step, a stick was prepared to make it rigid to surpport the top load.

A 4mm aluminium stick was used. It was enough to test the system.

In the third step, created a bottom weight which had a round shape and I put sand in it.

At this point, the quantity of sand was measured and controlled, depending on the top load.

In the last step, the same wind and speed direction were set up to get ready for the different shapes of the paper surface.

Different wind intensity

Different folded shape

Different material of sticks

X

Different quantity of sand load

立 X

the basic shape of paper

4mm Aluminum Experimentation of the damper structure Making the basic square paper and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

A less shaking movement was created by the three plain surfaces but it still moved fast.

Sand

First step model

45.86

4

29.34

17.53

3

2

14.28

1 Testing movement with different wind intensities

One angled shape of paper

4mm Aluminum Experimentation of the damper structure Making one angled folded shape and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

Third step model

42.31

21.14

4

3

10.00

2

8.95

1 Testing movement with different wind intensities

One folded shape of paper

4mm Aluminum Experimentation of the damper structure Making one vertical folded shape and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

second step model

26.29

4

18.00

3

10.64

8.81

2

1 Testing movement with different wind intensities

Differently angled folded shapes

4mm Aluminum Experimentation of the damper structure Making differently angled folded shapes and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

Fourth step model

35.93

25.83

4

23.22

3

14.06

2

1 Testing movement with different wind intensities

Failure In this experiment, the results failed completely because the load was extremely heavy so it lost the cetre of gravity. The doubled length of aluminium rod gave the funfamentally influenced my creation of the system.

Different load _ Metal sheets

4mm Aluminum stick

Experimentation of the damper structure Sand

Making a different load in the folded shape using thin metal sheets and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Different movement of rotation

Load _ paper

2X 4mm Aluminum stick _ Doubled length

Different movement of rotation

Experimentation of the damper structure Making a differently length in the middle part of the structure and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

Sand

Different load testing models

Chapter three.

Experimentations

_ c. Damper structure _ Damper two

Process of the skyscraper system One of my design strategy interests is huge heavy surface are placed on the top of structures and this makes different dynamic reflections with full sunlight. Moreover, the surface system works as a similar system to a wind turbine but it has different uses like creating new ways of reflection.

As a starting point, I tried to look at wind turbine structures and different folding surfaces to control the movement to make it as slow as possible.

Water

Weights

3mm

3mm

1200g 100mm

900g 600g 300g

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper.

The first experimentation using different weights represented different loads on top, giving information about how the load affects movement as with high buildings.

12/7sec

6/7sec 968g Weights

Damper structure

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper.

The first experimentation using different weights represented different loads on top, giving information about how the load affects movement as with high buildings.

4/7sec

3/7sec 1434g Weights

Damper structure

Movement structure

2100g Weights

Damper structure

Movement structure

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper.

The second experimentation using different amounts of water produced a suitable balance to make it stable.

7/7sec

5/7sec

Water _ 300g

Damper structure

Water _ 600g

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper.

The second experimentation using different amounts of water produced a suitable balance to make it stable.

4/7sec

2/7sec

Water _ 900g

Damper structure

Water _ 1200g

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper.

The third experimentation using both different weights and amounts of water increased the appropriate control point to find the balance.

The reasons are the two points because of the greater weight and water movement helped to find the proper load.

4.5/7sec

3/7sec

Water _ 800g

Damper structure

Water _ 1100g

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Process of making the skyscraper experimentations Used a flexible wooden panel and placing different weights to test the same damper effect as with a skyscraper.

The third experimentation using both different weights and amounts of water increased the appropriate control point to find the balance.

The reasons are the two points because of the greater weight and water movement helped to find the proper load.

2/7sec

1/7sec

Water _ 1400g

Damper structure

Water _ 1700g

Movement structure

Damper structure

Movement structure

Chapter three.

Experimentations

_ b. Wind turbine structure _ Turbine system one

Process of wind turbine system

Folded surfaces as a fan

4mm Aluminium stick

Direction of wind

Load _ wooden base

Testing of the wind turnbine system Making the basic square paper shape and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

A less shaking movement was created by the three plain surfaces but it still moved fast.

Wind Direction

Rotations

Load _ a basic shape

4mm Aluminium stick

Load

Testing the basic shaped paper

Testing of the wind turnbine system Using one vertically folded shape with the same amount and directeion of dynamic wind intensity.

The vertical straight fold made more rotation than the first one because the shape got and held more wind to increase rotation. However I wanted like to make more complex shapes to increase rotation.

Wind Direction

Rotations

Load _ one vertical folded shape

4mm Aluminium stick

Load

Testing one vertically folded shape

Testing of the wind turnbine system Using one angled folded shape with the same amount and direction of wind intensity.

This one angled folded surface gave a surprising result because it did not move as well.

The one direction produced a plane kept which losing the wind direction and power because the wind slipped through the folded lines.

Wind Direction

Rotations

Load _ one angled folded shape

4mm Aluminium stick

Load

Testing one angled folded shape

Testing of the wind turnbine system Making differently angled folded shapes and testing a different dynamic wind intensity.

The more complex triangular shape created more power to turn the planes because it caved in the middle.

From this point, I could calculate how to increase and decrease the number of rotations.

However, it needed more ways of defining how to control the power.

Wind Direction

Rotations

Load _ a differently angled shape

4mm Aluminium stick

Load

Testing differently angled folded shapes

Process of wind turbine system

Different width of surfaces as a fan

Direction of wind

Different number of surfaces as a fan

Reconfiguration of turbine system to recreate different reflection Experimentation of the wind turbine system_ different widths and numbers of strips.

From this test, different arrangements of paper widths gave other ways of controlling the speed of rotation.

The narrow surface decreased the speed but the wider surface made a faster rotation.

Experimentation _Three stripes _Thinner and thicker strips Different paper strips created different degrees of rotation.

Normally wind turbines contain three strips but four were tried to look at the differences.

Thinner strips

20mm

Three strips with 20mm width

Thicker strips

50mm

Three strips with 50mm width

Reconfiguration of turbine system to recreate different reflection Experimentation of the wind turbine system_ different widths and numbers of strips.

From this test, different arrangements of paper widths gave other ways of controlling the speed of rotation.

The narrow surface decreased the speed but the wider surface made a faster rotation.

Experimentation _ Four strips._ Thinner and thicker strips

20mm

Four strips with 20mm width

50mm

Four strips with 50mm width

Chapter three.

Experimentations

_ b. Wind turbine structure _ Turbine system three

Chapter 2 C_b. Triangle mesh frames and the wind system

Triangular meshes

Wind turbine system

The main structure _ Surfaces

Triangular meshes

Configuration of wind turbine structure

Chapter 2 C_a. Triangle mesh frames and the wind system

Variations of different angled components b

30

˚

90˚

a

Variations of different angled as folding meshes

˚

60

4

1

3

2

c

4

1

d

3

2

c

d

d

c

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

a

b

c

a

90Ëš

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system Different sizes of paper shaspes were used because of the different proportions of the triangle frame.

The shapes were folded in the same direction and shape but with different proportions and colours to create variations of coloured reflections _ 90 degrees

4

1

3

2

c

1

d

2

d

c

3

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

4

Testing of triangular frame turn bine structure with 90 degrees

a

b

c

a

30Ëš

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system Different sizes of paper shaspes were used because of the different proportions of the triangle frame.

The shapes were folded in the same direction and shape but with different proportions and colours to create variations of coloured reflections The about differently installation was placed at different angles _ 30 degrees

4

1

3

2

c

1

d

2

d

c

3

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

4

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 30 degrees

a

b

c

a

60Ëš

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system Different sizes of paper shaspes were used because of the different proportions of the triangle frame.

The shapes were folded in the same direction and shape but with different proportions and colours to create variations of coloured reflections The about differently installation was placed at different angles _ 60 degrees

4

1

3

2

c

1

d

2

d

c

3

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

4

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 60 degrees

Chapter 2 C_b. Triangle mesh frames and the wind system

Variations of different angled components b

30

˚

90˚

a

Variations of different angled as folding meshes

˚

60

4

1

3

2

c

4

1

d

3

2

c

d

d

c

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

a

b

c

a

90Ëš

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system Different sizes of paper shaspes were used because of the different proportions of the triangle frame.

The shapes were folded in the same direction and shape but with different proportions and colours to create variations of coloured reflections The about differently installation was placed at different angles _ 90 degrees

4

1

3

2

c

1

d

2

d

c

3

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

4

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 90 degrees

a

b

c

a

30Ëš

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system Different sizes of paper shaspes were used because of the different proportions of the triangle frame.

The shapes were folded in the same direction and shape but with different proportions and colours to create variations of coloured reflections The about differently installation was placed at different angles _ 30 degrees

4

1

3

2

c

1

d

2

d

c

3

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

4

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 30 degrees

a

b

c

a

60Ëš

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system Different sizes of paper shaspes were used because of the different proportions of the triangle frame.

The shapes were folded in the same direction and shape but with different proportions and colours to create variations of coloured reflections The about differently installation was placed at different angles _ 60 degrees

4

1

3

2

c

1

d

2

d

c

3

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips c . Movement of the wind d . Direction of the fan

4

Testing of triangular frame turbine structure with 60 degrees

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system with holes on the surface From the previous studies, the analyses of different variations in folding were not enough to adjust the system to slow it down.

Therefore, I started to investigate the actual surface to reduce the frictional force of the wind.

Accordingly many holes were placed over the whole three surfaces to create the minimum friction.

However it decreased the speed much less than expect.

a

b

c

d

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with holes

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system with holes on the surface From the previous studies, the analyses of different variations in folding were not enough to adjust the system to slow it down.

Therefore, I started to investigate the actual surface to reduce the frictional force of the wind.

Accordingly many holes were placed over the whole three surfaces to create the minimum friction.

However it decreased the speed much less than expect.

a

b

c

d

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with weights

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system with holes on the surface From the previous studies, the analyses of different variations in folding were not enough to adjust the system to slow it down.

Therefore, I started to investigate the actual surface to reduce the frictional force of the wind.

Accordingly many holes were placed over the whole three surfaces to create the minimum friction.

However it decreased the speed much less than expect.

a

b

c

d

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with weights

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system with holes on the surface From the previous studies, the analyses of different variations in folding were not enough to adjust the system to slow it down.

Therefore, I started to investigate the actual surface to reduce the frictional force of the wind.

Accordingly many holes were placed over the whole three surfaces to create the minimum friction.

However it decreased the speed much less than expect.

a

b

c

d

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with weights

Triangle mesh frames and the wind system with holes on the surface From the previous studies, the analyses of different variations in folding were not enough to adjust the system to slow it down.

Therefore, I started to investigate the actual surface to reduce the frictional force of the wind.

Accordingly many holes were placed over the whole three surfaces to create the minimum friction.

However it decreased the speed much less than expect.

a

b

c

d

a . Triangular frame b . Angled paper strips with holes c . Detail of system to decrease wind force d . Direction of the fan

Experimentation of triangle mesh frames and the wind system with weights

Chapter three.

Experimentations

_ c. Ball joint structure _ Ball joint one

Experimentation of free form of the ball joint system It moves in different directions. It has 360 degree movement so it reveals different ways to investigate free form structure.

Direction of movement

Ball

Elastic rubber thread

Model of free form structure

Direction of folding panel

Direction of movement

Testing of free form of the ball joint

Experimentation of one limited form of ball joint system This moves in two different directions because the different lengths of elastic thread have an imbalanced stretch so this controls the movement.

One direction is stretched fully so it is taut so the top panel doesn’t move freely in this direction.

Different stretched rubber thread

Direction of movement

Ball

Elastic rubber thread

Model of one limited form structure

Direction of folding panel

Different stretched rubber thread

Direction of movement

Testing of one limited form of the ball joint

Experimentation of a controlled form of ball joint system This moves to a certain degree and direction but till the rubber bands attached to the sphere make the ball stop when the top part meets the rubber bands.

Direction of movement Direction of folding panel

Ball Elastic rubber thread

Rubber bands

Model of a controlled form structure

Direction of movement

Testing of a controlled form of the ball joint

Chapter three.

Experimentations

_ c. Ball joint structure _ Ball joint two

To create the joined mesh surface The mesh surface was joined with the ball joints.

However it needed to be developed further to create the appropriate triangular surface with different reflection producing panels.

To join the mesh This system helps each surface to move and use the wind but it creates a big gap between them.

It needed be closer to each other to form a new design strategy.

A

A

A

A. Mesh frame B. Ball joint

B

Paper model

B

Testing model

To create the joined mesh surface The mesh surface was joined with the ball joints.

However it needed to be developed further to create the appropriate triangular surface with different reflection producing panels.

To join the mesh This system helps each surface to move and use the wind but it creates a big gap between them.

It needed be closer to each other to form a new design strategy.

Horizontal movement

Vertical movement

To make the hub joint The hub joint has an octagonal shape to create different angled joints.

It indicates another possibility of creating the joint system.

A

A

Testing model

B

C

C

B

A. Mesh frame B. Main hub C. Ball joint

To make the hub joint The hub joint has an octagonal shape to create different angled joints.

It indicates another possibility of creating the joint system.

Horizontal movement

Vertical movement

Making components and testing The part is a one part of the surface which is applied with the wind turbine system and the ball joint system all together.

I folded and moved on to different directions to see the reaction of this structure.

From this testing, I realised that it needed more density in the elastic on the ball joint to move in more controlled directions.

Moreover the main hub needed a more specific shape or ways to adapt to what I aimed for with my space.

A

B

A

B

C

Testing model

C

B

C A. Mesh frame B. Turbine fans C. Hub joint

Making components and testing The part is a one part of the surface which is applied with the wind turbine system and the ball joint system all together.

I folded and moved on to different directions to see the reaction of this structure.

From this testing, I realised that it needed more density in the elastic on the ball joint to move in more controlled directions.

Moreover the main hub needed a more specific shape or ways to adapt to what I aimed for with my space.

Horizontal movement

Vertical movement

Angled hub joints The hub joint was divided as 6 parts and these have the same shape and angle.

So it could create different folded angles and shapes to create the new structure.

However, I needed to know where it has to be placed for the structure, depending on the degree of folding angles. If the angle is plain, it needs a less angled hub joint but if it has a dynamic folding structure, it needs an extreme angled hub joint.

Besides, it is fixed on the bottom part structure, so it does not move as the other parts do.

Different variations of angled hub joints

Virtual testing of wind movements and direction on the site

Virtual Columns

N NNE

NNW

K

L NE

NW

K G H

L ENE

WNW

I J

G

E

A

C

F

B

J

I

E

W

D

C

H

E

D

A

WSW

F

B

ESE

SW

SE

SSE

SSW

S Initial columns model for testing wind movement on the site

Wind direction on the site

Smoke directions = wind directions

Virtual testing of wind movements and direction with smoke Tseting with smoke to see movements of wind direction among the columns.

From this experimentation, I could see how wind hit the columns and make curve movements through the columns.

Therefore, it can create a new form for my design spaces.

Testing wind different direction effect to the columns

N

N NNE

NNW

NE

NW

K

K ENE

G

W

H

C

A

ENE

G

E E

D

W

ESE

SW

SE

H

C

F

B

L

WNW

J

I

WSW

A

NE

NW

L

WNW

E E

D

A

WSW

A

F

B

ESE

SW

SE

SSE

SSW

S

A. Wind movement B. Columns

B SSE

S

J

I

B SSW

C

NNE

NNW

C

C. Wind direction

Virtual testing of wind movements and direction with smoke Tseting with smoke to see movements of wind direction among the columns.

From this experimentation, I could see how wind hit the columns and make curve movements through the columns.

Therefore, it can create a new form for my design spaces.

C N

N NNE

NNW

NE

NW

K

NE

NW

K

L ENE

WNW

G

H

NNE

NNW

C

ENE

WNW

J

I

L

G

H

J

I

A

A W

C

E E

D

A

WSW

W

C

F

B

ESE

E E

D

A

WSW

F

B

ESE

B SW

SE

SSE

SSW

S

SW

SE

B

A. Wind movement B. Columns

SSE

SSW

S

C. Wind direction

Virtual testing of wind movements and direction with smoke Tseting with smoke to see movements of wind direction among the columns.

From this experimentation, I could see how wind hit the columns and make curve movements through the columns.

Therefore, it can create a new form for my design spaces.

N

N

NNE

NNW

NNE

NNW

NE

NW

NE

NW

A

C K

K

L ENE

WNW

G

W

H

C

G

A E

E

D

A

WSW

W

ESE

SW

SSE

S

E E

D

F

B

SW

C

J

I

A

WSW

SE

B

H

C

F

B

SSW

ENE

J

I

L

WNW

ESE

B

SE

A. Wind movement B. Columns

SSE

SSW

S

C. Wind direction

Virtual testing of wind movements and direction with smoke Tseting with smoke to see movements of wind direction among the columns.

From this experimentation, I could see how wind hit the columns and make curve movements through the columns.

Therefore, it can create a new form for my design spaces.

N

N NNE

NNW

NNE

NNW

A NE

NW

NE

NW

A K

K

L ENE

WNW

G

W

H

C

A

WSW

G

E E

D

ENE

WNW

J

I

W

ESE

H

C

F

B

L

E E

D

A

WSW

J

I

F

B

ESE

B SW

SE

SW

A. Wind movement

SE

B SSE

SSW

B. Columns SSE

SSW

S

C. Wind direction

S

C C