Global Report: Enhancing Government Effectiveness and Transparency - The Fight Against Corruption

PART I CONFRONTING CORRUPTION IN SECTORS AND FUNCTIONS

CHAPTER 2 PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE

establish or measure, 25 the CoST approach represents a significant advance in applying multi-stakeholder working methods to strengthen governance in the infrastructure sector through improved transparency, stakeholder engagement and accountability (see Box 2.2). The growth in demand for CoST programming has taken time to mature. After ten years of incremental growth in the number of CoST national and subnational programs and tools, evidence of positive impacts is now established. The country examples below describe the impacts and experiences of each country in achieving success as well as the constraints

in different governance settings.26

This case study will explain the elements of the CoST approach and will describe the experience and results achieved in three country examples: Thailand, Ukraine and Honduras. Through country examples, this case study will explore the reform paths, constraints and results achieved in infrastructure transparency in different environments and will also review CoST’s contributions to global tools and standards and how these are playing a role in reform at the national and sub-national levels.

BOX 2.3

The Role of the CoST Secretariat The CoST Secretariat provides technical support to CoST members to set up and sustain these elements and develops technical and policy tools drawn from research to advance infrastructure transparency at the national and sub-national levels, and among international policymaking bodies. To become a CoST member, a national or sub-national authority submits an application to join to the CoST Secretariat. The merit of an application is evaluated on the basis of its commitment to CoST core principles, willingness to publicly announce CoST membership and commitments, and a concrete, detailed and budgeted implementation plan. The CoST Board makes the final decision on the approval of applications. The CoST Secretariat provides funding to support CoST programs. 27 Non-compliant CoST members or members who are persistently unable to implement the core elements of the CoST approach lose their membership status. 28

Global Report: Enhancing Government Effectiveness and Transparency - The Fight Against Corruption

Articles inside

Box 13.6 Trade of Influence in the Judiciary

Box 13.5 Court User and Multi-Stakeholder Justice Surveys

Box 13.3 Specialized Anti-Corruption Courts in the Philippines and Indonesia

Box 13.4 International Cooperation and Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA

Box 13.2 Specialized Anti-Corruption Courts: Political Commitment or Implementation Gaps

Box 10.1 The Extent of Corruption

Box 13.1 Romania’s National Anti-Corruption Directorate (DNA

Box 9.2 The Beneficial Ownership Data Standard (BODS

Box 9.3 Key Data Questions for Policy Makers to Consider

Table 7.4 AP’s Transformational Technologies

Box 9.1 What is a Beneficial Owner?

Figure 8.2 Final Findings of ANI Reports between 2008 and 2019

Table 7.2 Major Technology Trends for Public Sector Fraud and Corruption

Box 6.2 The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI

Table 7.3 Navigating GovTech for Public Sector Fraud and Corruption

Box 7.2 Singapore’s SkillsFuture Program and Fraud Detection

Box 7.1 Brazil’s Tribunal of Accounts Robots

Box 6.1 What Does Open Data Have to Do with Open Government?

Figure 6.1 Unpacking Open Government

Table 5.1 Corruption in Public Services: Estimating the Magnitude of the Problem

Box 4.1 Standard Operating Procedures and Internal Audit Capacities in Latin America

Figure 4.3 ACD Presence and Main Transit Trade Routes

Box 4.3 Donor Support to Afghanistan Customs Department

Box 2.5 Transparency in Renegotiation for Public-Private Partnerships

Box 3.1 About Empresas Públicas de Medellin

Box 3.3 The Impact of Operation Car Wash across Latin America

Figure 2.7 Causes of Renegotiation, based on 48 Projects that experienced Renegotiation

Figure 1.2 Change in Corruption Risk Indicators as a result of the e-GP Intervention

Box 2.4 The Open Contracting for Infrastructure Data Standard (OC4IDS

Box 2.1 IFC’s Integrity Due Diligence (IDD

Figure 2.6 Making Infrastructure Data Useful for Planners, Implementers and Policy Makers

Figure 2.5 Multi-Stakeholder Working at the Project Level

Box 2.2 The Evolution of Multi-Stakeholder Approaches to Accountability in Infrastructure

Box 2.3 The Role of the CoST Secretariat

Box 1.1 Timeline on Somali National Army Rations Re-tendering