Back-casting Sustainable Solutions for Singapore

BACKCASTING SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS

ISD 1504 : ENERGY AND ECOLOGY MSC. INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE DESIGN TUTOR : PROF. KUA HARN WEI AAKANKSHA JAIN - A0137228E ABHIMANYU GOEL - A0137134M FARAH NAAZ - A0137172J POOJA NIKHAR - A0137206M SHUCHI JHALANI - A0123466H

OUR PROTAGONIST KAI KAI THE PANDA

OUR PROTAGONIST WANG YAN SENIOR URBAN PLANNER AT URA

Kai Kai, the Panda is a huge commotion in the Singapore city. People from all over the city have visited the Mandai Zoo to meet this celebrated personality.

Although hailing from China originally, Kai Kai has remarkably adapted himself to Singapore. His girlfriend Jia Jia who resides at the Mandai Zoo is now a part of the family too.

Wang Yan is a senior urban planner at the Urban Redevelopment Authority. She has been working with the URA for over 8 years now and currently leads a team of ten. She is also involved in defining cross-agency policy collaboration and strategy for urban development in Singapore. At present she is working on development of North and South Western parts of Singapore into sustainable districts.

Kai Kai and Jia Jia are highly fond of children. Their interaction with children is greatly dynamic. The children as well enjoy the company of Kai Kai and Jia Jia. They treat each other with love, care and affection.

She is happily married to Chong Lee, a doctor by profession. Chong Lee works at the Ng Teng Fong Hospital as a general physician. Wang is an expecting mother and the couple is eager to welcome their first baby which is due at the end of the year. Wang Yan is a fitness freak and loves to workout. She is also a lover of wildlife and nature and hopes to incorporate them into urban planning.

Kai Kai and Jia Jia recently tried to make a baby. But the mating was unsuccessful and the people of the city were greatly disappointed in receiving the news of no baby panda. The experts suggest that the reason of the mating being unsuccessful could probably be due to the cramped habitat.

Present Scenario: Wang Yan is leading a team of urban planners at the URA to develop north and south western parts of Singapore in to sustainable districts. She also aims at developing policies for the same. She wishes to expand the primary forest cover and to create more social outdoor spaces rather than indoors.

Present Scenario: Kai Kai and Jia Jia live in the Mandai Zoo where they are visited by hundreds of people every day.

They are well treated by the authorities and caretakers of the zoo. But still they feel the environment is not as natural as it could be. They entertain the kids visiting the zoo in an animated manner. They seems to be building a bond with the children.

Kai Kai and Jia Jia have tried to mate but have been unsuccessful. They are greatly disheartened and wish to have a baby soon. The doctors are also helping to the best of their ability while thousands of Singaporeans are praying for the same.

Future Desires: Kai Kai and Jia Jia wish to live in a more space very close to their natural habitat. They dislike being restricted by boundaries. They wish to climb trees and move freely. They want to have many bamboo plantations in their vicinity as it is their favourite food. They also like to eat fruits like apples and would like to have a few fruit trees grown in their habitat. They wish to be away from noise in a greener environment. The habit should contain a water body in which the Pandas may dip their feet and cool their body.

Kai Kai and Jia Jia wish to have babies Pia Pia, girl and Zee Zee, boy. They wish to mate and reproduce in this kind of home. They feel the environment which is just like their forest would help them mate successfully. They want their future babies to also live a free life in a natural forest and to grow climbing and moving around with no barriers.

Kai Kai and Jia Jia would definitely not like to lose the bond they have built with the children. They want their habitat to allow interaction with the human children whom they love very much. They want the children to visit them frequently as they love to cheer them up. They also want the people to shower their love over them continuously so that Kai Kai and Jia Jia legacy would live even after their lifetime in the form of their children Pia Pia and Zee Zee.

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As an expecting mother and a lover of wildlife, she understands the pain of Kai Kai and Jia Jia in trying to make a baby. She aims at providing them a suitable habitat as per their preference which allows the interaction with humans. She incorporates this idea in developing her current project.

Wang Yan also aims to provide the same atmosphere for humans, where the noise and pollution are limited through extension of existing forest cover. She wants her child to grow in an environment friendly atmosphere.

Future Desires: 20 years from now, Wang Yan sees herself as the head of the urban planning department at the URA where she sees a remarkable improvement in Singapore in terms of environmental and economic sustainability. The city has become the top most liveable city in the world. She developed and implemented better cross-agency policy for urban development in Singapore in terms of co existing of human and nature, development of urban green and economic feasibility.

Wang Yan desires to grow the present forest cover of Singapore by 10 times more thereby drastically reducing the pollution. The air quality is highly improved and the extended forest would serve as natural habitats for the Pandas and other wildlife where they would live with no restrictions in terms of movement and habitat. These also serve as social and interaction spaces for the community and promote the outdoor movement where the younger generation are encouraged to do various activities.

Wang Yan sees herself as a mother of two, son Pan and daughter Ming. The kids are very fond of the Pandas and visit them every weekend. Their family lives in a home that is not only energy efficient but also environment friendly. The family grows a kitchen garden in their balcony and has initiated the farming movement in Singapore to produce local and chemical free vegetables in every household even if it is in a small scale.

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BACKCASTING TIMELINE

SG 70

Wang Yan, now the head of the URA has developed and implemented policies for the urban planning of the Singapore city. The forest cover of the city has expanded tremendously.

The relationship between the urban development and nature is more seamless. The technological advancement in the industrial sector promotes much wider use of energy efficient techniques towards environmental sustainability.

The waste management programs initiated are being practiced in full swing and also aids the farming industry. The farming industry has resulted in economic development of the lower income groups in the city.

The social interaction between nature, biodiversity and human is highly increased. The connectivity is strengthened and cherished.

SG 60

The advancement in science and technology see improved methods of energy efficiency and also every part of the city is more green and efficient.

Proposals have been implemented in the construction industry to incorporate the urban greenery and the built form without any demarcation.

Farming is being promoted in full swing. Every household is seen growing clean and chemical free vegetables irrespective of scale.

Wang Yan has developed the planning of the sustainable district with the forest cover area being doubled thereby allowing a decrease in pollution and improving the air quality of Singapore. The urban heat island effect is also greatly reduced thereby allowing people to live in a more sustainable way.

Wang Yan’s son Pan now enjoys better quality of living in the city. The outdoor community spaces are being widely used and the need for such spaces has risen.

The wildlife like the Pandas were relocated in a more natural environment within the primary forest. The landscape acts as buffers rather than the presence of a barrier. They seem to enjoy the forest more than the confined zoo and are more enthuastic in interacting with children. They are also proud parents now of Pia Pia

SG 50

Singapore is at its peak of its economic development. The city’s construction industry has boomed with a remarkable development in energy efficiency and sustainability. Wang Yan, a senior urban planner has been a part of the urban planning of the city that has paved way for forests to grow amongst the built structures. The urban greenery is restricted in these terms as the areas of forest and built environment are clearly separated.

The energy efficiency techniques are at their growth. The various techniques to trap renewable energy are developed.

For example the wind turbine, poly voltaic panels and water treatment plants are some of the techniques practiced at present. The industrial ecology is developing in great extent to support the above technology.

The presence of biodiversity is phenomenon in terms of flora and fauna. The wildlife like the Pandas are restricted to the zoos and the people are allowed to visit. The interaction is restricted to zoo visiting hours. The social spaces for the community are present but yet a large crowd is found indoors due to the hot and humid outdoors.

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LITERATURE REVIEW DESIGN PRINCIPLES & PHILOSOPHY THE HANNOVER PRINCIPLES

5 GOLDEN RULES FOR ECOLOGICAL DESIGN - Proposed by Stefan Bringezu

Insist on rights of humanity and nature to co-exist in a healthy, supportive, diverse and sustainable condition.

1. Potential impacts of the built environment to the environment should be considered on a life cycle basis Recognize interdependence.

The elements of human design interact with and depend upon the natural world, with broad and diverse implications at every scale

Rely on natural energy flows.

Human designs should, like the living world, derive their creative forces from perpetual solar income.

2. Intensity of use of processes, products, and services should be maximized, i.e. multifunctionality and flexible use

4. Hazardous materials should be eliminated

3. Intensity of resource use (material, energy, and land) should be minimized

5.Resource input should be shifted toward renewable

THE HANNOVER PRINCIPLES Eliminate the concept of waste.

Evaluate and optimize the full lifecycle of products and processes, to approach the state of natural systems, in which there is no waste.

Do not burden future generations with requirements for maintenance or vigilant administration of potential danger due to the careless creation of products, processes or standards.

Accept responsibility for the consequences of design decisions upon human wellbeing, the viability of natural systems and their right to coexist.

•Use of non hazardous and eco friendly materials like bamboo •Materials that can be used throughout its life cycle – and then recycled and used again •Efficient use of renewables DECONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLE

Non-structural deconstruction (‘softstripping’)

Reclaiming of non-structural members, such as doors, windows, wall finishes, ceiling tiles

Structural deconstruction Removal of structural materials that are either expensive or rare; e.g. old growth wood beams, masonry units, used bricks.

•Elimination of waste – organic waste converted to compost •Urban farming ideas •Living with nature

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BACKCASTING SITE PROPOSAL

SITE SELECTION Pandas all over the world are facing the issues of large scale infrastructure construction, road construction, mass tourism, noise pollution, air pollution, and climate change. Therefore, Selection of site for Panda Habitat has been strategically made with consideratons to the habitat of Panda and it’s requirement. From a detailed study we realised that it requires a space which would be close to nature, without any human interference. In terms of zoning we studied that Panda habitat needs to be designed in various Zones starting from a space where the Panda would be very secluded, close to nature away from the interference of humans, second a space where the visitor can interact with it, third a space where the panda’s care takers,researchers, terminally ill childrens and doctor would interact with the panda, Thus with all these considerations, we started looking for a site in singapore to locate Kai Kai and Jia Jia, the Pandas. In our study we also found out that a panda needs a 5 sq.km area for itself as a habitat. Thus we then analysed the existing habitat and searched for other preferable potential locations for habitatation of both pandas.

EXISTING HABITAT

PROPOSED HABITAT

Currently Kai Kai resides in the artificially created habitat within the Mandai Zoo region. Covrering an area of approximately 4 Sq. km, which is considerabely less than the actual requirement for a panda Habitat. The Mandai zoo region is surrounded by extensive built infrastructure which would hinder the pattern of typical Panda activities and the free flow designging. The excessive air pollution in the urbanised area is a threat to the comfort of the panda.

Kai Kai is proposed to be shifted to Tengeh Reservoir region. The benefit with this area is that it has large open land with an area of almost 10 Sq.m that can be dedicated solely for both kai kai and Jia jia habitation. Also, due to presence of four large water bodies, the panda can enjoy a cooler envrionment to play and relax. Also, kai Kai and Jia Jia can be part of the main Primary Ecosystem rather than a secondary ecosystem.

At the end of 20 years, the site has evolved as a natural habitat for Kai Kai, Jia Jia and their baby.

The site has developed as a Panda habitat and is successful for creating a healthy Human-wildlife interaction zone. The Primary forest and the bamboo forest within the site has gradually unfolded as a dense green buffer along the city edge which helps to curb the isuues of noise pollution and bad air quality. The Bamboo forests are now able to feed the pandas and the bamboo is also used for construction purposes. The site has developed as a biodiversity hotspot and as attracted various species of birds and butterflies.

The buildings in site (the research centre and care unit) are bamboo structures and have managed to set bamboo as an excellent building material that is environment friendly.

As Singapore witnesses mass tourism throughout the year, the Panda habitat also contributed to the development of Eco-tourism. Because of the the site location, with close proximity to the built development in the city, the habitat has also managed to attract and cater large number of tourists round the year. It has devloped as a eco-zone and has enhanced eco-tourism. To cater to such a large number of visitors, only restricted hours are allowed for public interaction with the pandas.

The technology of floating PV panels has been successful and has managed to serve as an energy source for the research centre at the site and various households nearby. Development in terms of technology has also taken shape. The evaporative loss of water is also reduced and the algal growth has also declined. The reservoir is now serving a source of both energy and water.

Urban Farming and fish farming within the habitat have proved to be a boon for the low income families. People have also mimic the concept of urban farming in their small sites to develop an alternative for revenue generation.

Wang Yan is now the Head of URA and is developing and implementing policies for Urban Planning in Singapore.The methodologies used within the site are now being replicated within various areas all over Singapore. The habitat is now serving as a prototype of development creating a successful interaction between human, nature and wildlife. All the developments and the policies are aiming at a sustainable environment in the future.

Finally, we conclude that Tengeh Resvoir region has more potential thanthe existing habitat of Kai Kai, as it provides a better environmental livelihood consitions for both pandas, Kai Kai and Jia Jia.

STRENGTH

WEAKNESS

OPPORTUNITY

THREATS

1. Four water reservoirs present within the site.

1.Under utilised current forest zones.

1. To develop economic sustainability hrough communtiy enegagement.

1. Excessive impacts of rapid climate change and forest fires from Indonesia, can lose the potential Habitat for Panda.

2. Large open land area available for forest plantation, organic and fish farming

2. High Decible of Noise Pollution, since in close proximity to urbanised area.

2. High content of nutrients in soil base to allow scope for thick vegetation and organic farming.

3. Water reservoirs can be utilised to tap solar energy through floating PV cells.

2. Increased urbanization can lead to fragmentation of green spaces within the city network.

At the end of 10 years, Kai Kai and Jia Jia are now parents to their baby Panda, PIa Pia. The habitat has managed to serve the right conditions for the pandas to live and sustain a healthy life. The forest along the edge are developing and are covering the edge of the site. The site is also aimed to develop as a biodiversity hotspot with inclusion of a primary forest within the site. The Bamboo forest is also developing and bamboo is also evolving as an alternative material in construction industry.

Researchers from the nearby university (Nanyang Technical University) also serve the research centre at the Panda habitat to monitor Panda and look for various opportunities to serve human wildlife co-existence.

Urban farming and fish farming is also gaining popularity and have helped to nurture many low income families. It has also helped to grow various native crops in the site. The fruit trees are also grown and the yield is supplied to the nearby communities. Kai kai’s favourite Apple trees are also grown and he is able to eat as many apples as he want.Awareness programmes are also held occasionally to help people develop a sense of the habitat and its importance. People are also taught the various mathodologies used within the site and its relevance in the urban settlement.

Wang Yan is now the Deputy Director of Urban Planning department and is looking at different scales for implementing the methodologies and taking them from micro to macro scale. She is also aiming to develop policies at national scale for a sustainable future and to protect endangered species.

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SITE PLAN

PROPOSED ZONING BAMBOO FOREST

THICK PRIMARY FOREST

Kai Kai and Jia Jia eat 12-38 kg (each) of bamboo every day to meet their energy needs.

Therefore, 4 Sq.km (North) + 2 Sq. km (South) of Dense bambobo plantation is planned adjoining the panda habitation.

The primary forest is a mosaic of mainly mature trees with patches experencing tree fall and regeneration. Covering an area of 5.8 sq. km , it acts as a buffer between the hustle bustle of the city and the panda habitat

A liveable and endearing habitat

SG PANDA HABITATATION

URBAN FARMING

POYAN RESERVOIR

M A SIN LA GA YSIA PO RE

A 10 Sq. km space of lushgreen habitat enclosed within thick forests and river, provides a breathing space for panda along poyan reservoir, away from the human settlement.

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MURIAL RESERVOIR

TENGEH RESERVOIR

INTERACTIVE ZONE

4 Sq. km area of urban farming including fruit trees, food crops, and other vegetables to attain economic sustainability within the district.

This zone is planned along the city edge connected through visitor’s centre to allow ease of human and panda interface.

FISH FARMING 2 Sq. km area of fish farming proposed by wang yan, for revenue generation.

PRIMARY FOREST (APPLE ORCHARDS) AND BAMBOO PLANTATION RESEARCH AND WELLNESS CENTRE The research centre and wellness centre are well connected with the NTU and Ng Teng Fong Hospial at Jurong District.

3.8 km

VISITOR’S CENTRE The Visitor’s tre is directly cessed by the proposed along

cenacroad NTU.

1 km

3 km

NG TENG FONG HOSPITAL (Jurong east) NANYANG TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ( Students from university conduct research in the centre )

WONG YAN’S OFFICE & RESIDENCE (Jurong)

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THEBULIT BUILTENVIRONMENTS ENVIRONMENTS THE PANDA HABITAT

HUMAN HABITAT

The Habitat of Kai Kai panda is located between Tengeh and Poyan Reservoir which is surrounded by dense primary forest and lush bamboo plantation. Pandas require a lot of fresh water to drink and play.

The idea of placing the habitat near the reservoir was to create a natural environment for panda as they need cool and moist temperatures as well to fulfill their water requirnments.

Also, a Water grotto where the water cooled pipes are inserted into the walls was created to provide appropriate tempreatures for increasing the mating instincts of Kai Kai with his girlfriend Gia Gia.

A Visitor Centre, Research Centre and Care Unit and an observatory tower were added on the site to support and sustain the Panda Habitat. The Built form are placed on the periphery of the site so as they dont interfere with the natural habitat.

All the structures are made out of bamboo cultivated on the site and use of hazardous material in construction has been avoided to complete the cradle to cradle loop. The idea is to use biodegradable materials harvested on site to do less harm to environment and return as much as possible to the cycle.

Research Centre and Care Unit:

Interaction Zones:

Panda’s Dining Zone

Panda’s Activity Zone

Visitor Centre: The visitor centre is placed strategically near to the approach road to strengthen connections with Nanyang university as well with the nearest Hospital. The centre will act as an information centre for tourists which will also exhibit panda’s evolution history, food habits and lifestyle, so as to create awarness among people.

Zones are created in small pockets on nature treacks and trails for visitor’s to view and observe Panda’s activity closely. This help the visitor’s get a glimpse of the Panda’s food habits, their living habits and activities. This will help create awarness about conserving Panda’s Habitat around the world.

PANDA’S CLIMBING STRUCTURE

The Research centre and Care Unit is placed on the site as an extension to the Nanyang Technological University Research division on Panda’s. The Health, well-being and activities of panda’s are closely obserevd and are closely studied to bring about betterment in existing habitats of Panda all over the world.

Their study also focuses on reproduction cycles of Panda’s and proViewing Zones: Bamboo gazebos are add- posal of enrichment spaces and ed on nature trails and trecks conditions in the present habitat where visitor’s can sit and en- that can help them mate. joy the nature. It gives an opportunity for nature enthusiast Observatory Tower to observe various plants, butThe Tower constructed out of bamterfly and birds. They also serve boo and is centrally placed so as to as spots for Photographing the get a view of the surroundings. Peovarious spieces of plants and ple can observe Panda’s activity animals. from here.

Nature Trails and Trecks

A Nature trail was developed from visitor centre to Panda’s Habitat with plantation of various spieces of flowering and native spieces to attract biodiversity as well to make people aware of their natural habitat.

Panda’s Habitat

Panda’s Grotto and Fog grove Primary forest

Tengeh Reservoir

Panda’s Habitat

Nature Trail

Primary forest

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URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

SG 70

1. URBAN FARMING - The habitat tries to involve the neighbouring communities in farming. The fruit gardens, small vegetables and food crops grown on the site provide food sufficency for panda as well as people.

2. FLOATING SOLAR PANELS - The government proposal of installing floating PV panels on Tengeh Reservoir will help to provide energy for national grid, creating 3.3 Gwh energy per year.

3. FISH FARMING - Introduction of fish farming on site to add to the food sufficency, as well as add to the gross domestic produce of Singapore.

4. RECYCLING - The site tries to completely recycle the resources and wate generated from food production and construction processes attempting to complete the loop of cradle to cradle.

5. BIODIVERSITY NETWORK - The design proposal enhances the existing potential of biodiversity of the area. Since, the proposal includes plantation of various kinds of trees which strengthens the birds, butterfly and marine habitat network.

RESILINCE DESIGN STRATERGIES

CREATING WELL-BEING

The design considers the natural setting of the site, which is one of the last large undeveloped mangrove and wetland area of Singapore.

1. PANDA MATING OPPORTUNITIES The Panda Habitat includes a water-cooled grotto and fog grove to create a misty retreat and give a cool respite, so as that a natural environment to mimic the change in seasons and lighting : summers to winters is created on site. As this variation in temperatures accelerates their mating instincts of panda.

2. NATURE TRAILS AND TRECKS - Design proposal includes nature trails and trecks which help people escape from the hustle bustle of the city and get closer to nature.

Therefore, the design has tried to conserve the natural environment by increasing the plantation as well as achieving self sufficency in terms of food, energy and water.

All the structures on the site are build using bamboo, considering the fact that if the panda family grows in site and has to be moved to some other habitat. The structures can be degraded back to nature.

DESIGN PROPOSAL

GROUND WATER PERCOLATION

PRIMARY FOREST

ORGANIC WASTE

MANURE

FRUIT TREES

URBAN FARMING

GROUND WATER PERCOLATION

TENGEH RESERVOIR

PANDA HABITAT

PRIMARY FOREST

ORGANIC WASTE

COMPOST

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ADDRESSING SUSTAINABILITY

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability and sustainable development, in themselves are complex, ambiguous and explicitly normative concepts. In addition to involving long time frames, these concepts cover multiple aspects, multiple levels, multiple interpretations, potentially conflicting interests and numerous actors.

Sustainable development is widely considered as a promising and desirable direction, leading to a highly reduced environmental burden, a major reduction in the use of resources and a fairer distribution of wealth. This should lead to a much better balance between ecological, economic and social aspects than the one that exists today.

Sustainability is a multi dimensional concept that encircles human well being, environment, human development, and the economywhich is mostly conceptualised as a long term goal. The basic three underlines of sustainability cater the economic , social and environmental aspects.

Through the interventions, the scheme addresses three bottom lines of sustainability:

Social sustainability basically focusses on maintaining mutually beneficial relationships between different communities in a urban sector. The design tries to establish a bond between human, Panda and nature and focuses on sustainable community dev elopment for Panda area.

Public awareness and education are critical components for Panda habitat. The URA Urban Planner also decides to have a research centre as the site has close proximity to Nanyang Technical University and researchers can have monitoring tours to learn about Panda wellness.

Also the Panda would pay community visits to terminally ill children at the NTU Biomedical and Cancer Research centre. The close proximity to the city would also engage people from the neighbouring community to visit the panda habitat and generate opportunities of eco-tourism.

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Environmental sustainability focus on the impacts of resource usage, hazardous substances, waste, pollution and emission on the physical environment.

Development of a primary forest along the edge of the site to proveide a buffer to the panda habitat from the built environment and also to develop it as a biodiversity hotspot in the urban network.

All the materials used within the site will be non-hazardous and environment friendly so as to develop a natural habitat. Buildings made up of bamboo and other recycled materials.

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY Economic sustainability focuses on productivity, profit and revenue generation.

CONNECTIONS

Fish Farming: Fish-farming provides opportunity for entrepreneurship, skill development and income generation through a growing export market. It is proposed to assist in generating employment opportunities and generation of revenue.

Proximity to from where students can come to the Panda Habitat

Floating PV Panels: The government proposal of installing Floating PV panles in Tengeh reservoir in order to look for an alternative to rooftops will help generate energy for use by the neighbourinng communities.

Reserach centre and Care unit within tthe site to lookut for Panda

Community

The panels are estimated to generate 3.3 gigawatt hours per year which will be channelled to the national power grid that is equivalent of the annual electricity of 750 Housing and Development Board (HDB) households.

Bamboo forest to meet with the regular consumption of bamboo by the panda

The reservoir acts as a source of both water and energy. The potential benefits of installing the floating system includes reduction in the evaporative loss of the reservoir water and a fall in algal growth.

The Primary forest along the site creates a buffer from the surrounding built environment

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Urban Farming

Compost

Food Waste/ Organic Matter

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Connections; which are proposed to merge in characters paths, for the environment to work in a circular metabolism:

Connections are mainly based on the six systems and their inter-relation with each other; Health & well being, Environment, Energy, Food, Biodiversity and Economic Sustainability.

On a span of 20 years, Ms. Wang Yan is expected to become the Director of the Planning Department in the Urban Redevelopment Authority. On a personal front, she will have her house and the office in the proposed area where her child would be bought up. On the other hand, our Panda, Kai kai and his mate, Jia jia would also conceive a baby which would lead to a family in a span of 20 years, hence emerging their respective paths to interlink as the senior Urban Planner proposes to develop a Sustainable Environment and turn the North and Western part of Singapore into sustainable districts. As we go by the design proposal of the Master Plan, the connections of both the characters would contextualized by the following:

ENVIRONMENT The perfect environment is proposed to be created for Kai Kai and the people, such as Bamboo habitat, Green and water features, which can collectively act as an urban ecosystem, in which the major interaction would happen between natural factors, manmade factors and socio-economic factors of the environment.

Also, to be a self sustainable environment, the noble use of PV panels, Urban farming is proposed. The enhancement and regeneration of the Reservoir can be a major part which can contribute to the environment.

ENERGY In terms of Fish Farming, Urban Farming, PV panels on water reservoir. The circle in which the consumption and production moves in a cycle towards a net positive production in a closed cycle. The positive energy cycle as a result creates a better environment.

Aiming to generate energy for 750 household in turn producing 3.3 Giga Watt hour per year by solar PV panels.

FOOD Kai Kai relies 90% on Bamboo as he eats and lives in Bamboo habitat. But through research, it is a known fact that the favorite fruit of Kai Kai is apple, to our surprise, the favorite fruit of Ms. Wang and her baby is also apple, so the best opportunity is to create a big apple orchard. The proposal is also to cater the needs of the tourist and people by providing Fish Farming, Urban farming in the area as there is an ample space for these proposals.

HEALTH AND WELLNESS A special research and care unit is proposed to look over the Panda’s wellness and also, as Kai Kai wishes to serve the community by making tours to cheer up kids with terminal illness facility provided by NTU Cancer research centre, which will help children for their healing and wellbeing. The design of the habitat will also help save in a huge amount of energy which will in turn mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect.

As the favorite fruit of Panda is Apple, Ms. Wang will propose an apple and fruits orchard in the area which will be a benefit for the health of the Panda, her baby and people living there.

As a policy maker, Ms. Wang will cater to the balance between the livability and ecology on which in turn the health of Kai Kai and her baby depends.

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BIODIVERSITY Panda and his Bamboo habitat in addition to bamboo houses for the people, with Bamboo Visitors centre, primary forest, water reservoir, they all act as a hotspot for the biodiversity that include native birds, butterflies, bees etc. In turn making this idea into Biophillic design

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY As the house and office of Ms Wang is proposed in this area only, the area is proposed to be a net positive and regenerative design which help to generate a capital. As it is compared from the previous years, the design would take this area in becoming a sustainable District on which the people of Singapore can look upon for a better future for themselves and the Panda families habitat.

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WANG YAN: URA SR. PLANNER

W. YAN: URA DY. DIRECTOR PLANNING

YEAR 0-7

YEAR 7-14

W.YAN: URA DIRECTOR OF PLANNING YEAR 14-20

Panda & his Bamboo Habitat

Apple And Fruit Orchards

Primary Forest

Research & Care Unit

Solar PV and Natural Energy

Wang Yan Office & Home Fish Farming

Visitor’s Centre

Urban Farming

HEALTH AND WELLNESS

FOOD NTU CANCER Lab (kids)

ENVIRONMENT

BIODIVERSITY

ENERGY

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

Water Reservoirs

KAI KAI: THE GIANT PANDA YEAR 0-7

KAI KAI: THE PARENT PANDA YEAR 7-14

KAI KAI: THE OLD PANDA YEAR 14-20

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WANG YAN: URA SR. PLANNER YEAR 0-7

POLICIES AT SENIOR PLANNER LEVEL FOR AN IMPACT FROM MICRO TO MACRO SCALE: 1. POPULATION BALANCE FOR A CITY: Maintaining a balance of the population and the liv ability index.

2. GREENERY: Sensible designing and prov ision of the green spaces like flower gardens, urban farms, forest etc.

3. PROMOTING ECOTOURISM: Instead of mass tourism, eco tourism which promotes a natural way of the tourism industry.

4. ROAD AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: Road Construction & the extensive network of highways that crisscross the giant panda’s range is a leading cause of panda habitat fragmentation, as pandas shy away from traffic noise, it is imperativ e that pandas be taken into consideration when planning road construction activ ities.

5. WATER AND RESERVOIRS: Harvesting of rainwater in all buildings, in turn catchment of the sweet water for drinking and using reservoir water for irrigation and desired purposes.

KAI KAI: THE GIANT PANDA YEAR 0-7

W. YAN: URA DY. DIRECTOR PLANNING YEAR 7-14

POLICIES AT DEPUTY DIRECTOR LEVEL FOR AN IMPACT FROM MICRO TO MACRO SCALE:

1. PROTECTING ECOSYSTEMS: If pandas disappear it will mean that the ecological umbrella has been broken, humans will also be impacted. Only by recognizing our interconnectedness with the natural env ironment, the circle of life can continue.

2.

BALANCE BETWEEN CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION: For the Area to be sufficient and sustainable, the policy is to be made for the net positive balance between consumption and production.

3. IMPROVE THE LIFE CYCLE AND CONSERVING THE ENDANGERED SPECIES: In order to promote long-term protection of forests in panda areas, the identification of High Conservation Value Forests (HCVFs). This giant panda forest management concept has been promoted in Sichuan and Shaanxi Prov inces, 4. SENSIBLE TRADE AND TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT 5.

DEFORESTATION AND AFORESTATION: Traditional threats of deforestation that have directly impacted giant panda populations for. Other new threats have largely challenged to giant panda and its habitat protection in recent years, afforestation can help ov ercome.

KAI KAI: THE PARENT PANDA YEAR 7-14

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W.YAN: URA DIRECTOR OF PLANNING YEAR 14-20

POLICIES AT DIRECTOR LEVEL FOR AN IMPACT ON MACRO SCALE:

1. MAINTAIN ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT Panda habitat can only expand if there is a halt put on uncontrolled dev elopment and intrusiv e tourism in the panda’s range, so that pandas can regain the tranquil habitat they require. Only when we carefully consider the needs of giant pandas in the wild can we achiev e the goal of healthy coexistence with pandas.

2. NATIONAL AND GLOBAL IMPACT 3.

SOCIO ECONOMICAL: Creating more job opportunities, looking for various community development ways, as Pandas grow in captivity in research centers, the ways when they will be transferred in the wild forest and their response ton the relevant environments and climates.

4.

COLLABORATING URA WITH DIFFERENT ORGANISATIONS IN CHINA Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA) AND WORLD WILDLIFE FEDERATIONS 5. PROMOTING EDUCATION AND HEALTH FOR CHILDREN

KAI KAI: THE OLD PANDA YEAR 14-20

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REFERENCES

BACKCASTING METHOD OF DESIGN

2. McDonough, William, and Michael Braungart.” Hannover Principles.“(1992): n pag. Web. 3. Kibert, Charles.”Deconstruction: The Strat of a sustainable Materials Strategy for he built Environment: The Strat of a Sustainable Materials strategy for the built environment (n.d.): n.pag.Sustainable Building Construction. web (http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsaia/fulltext/deconstruct.pdf).

Different levels of actions (happening at different points in time).

PLAN FOR A SUSTAIN ABLE HABITAT

WORK HARD

1. Mostafavi, Mohsen and Gareth Doherty. Ecological Urbanism. Baden, Switzerland: Lars Mulle, 201

WILL AND SKILL

What do I need to do – in terms of design/ engineering/urban planning – so that actor’s desired future state can be satisfied?

Desired future state

A HAPPY AND FLOURISHING PANDA-HUMAN FRIENDLY & SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

4. “Design a Panda Habitat.” Design a panda habitat. N.p., n,d.Web. 12 Nov 2015 5. “ Hello Panda” River Safari. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov 2015 6. “ River safari - Giant Panda Forest. “ River Safari - Giant panda forest. N.p., n.d. Web.12 Nov 2015 7. “ WWF conserves our planet, Habitats & species like the panda & tiger”. WWF - N.p., n.d. Web.12 Nov 2015 8. “C2C Framework - McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC). “Mc McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry MBDC. N.p., n.d. Web.12 Nov 2015.

9. Baker, Clive. “Tidal Power.” Energy Policy 19.8(1991). 792-97. Renewable energy in future. Web. Available at: hhtp://www.energy.se/goran/hig/ses/06/tidal.pdf.

10. Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. Available at : http://www. panda.org.cn/china/ research/2013-01-10/52.html 11. Giant Panda Study. Available at: http://baike.baidu.com/subview/6604/I5804405.htm?fr=aladin 12. A vision for the future. Available at: http://www.pub.gov.sg/annualreport2014/in-focus_s4_a-vision-forthe-future.html 13. Pilot projects using water sites to generate solar power launched. Available at : http://www.todayonline. com/singapore/pilot-projects-using-water-sites-generate-solar-power-launched 14. Working together with WWF to protect pandas. WWF. Available at: http://www.wwf.se/source. php/1402353/working 15. Panda labs reprt Q1 2015. Available at: http://www.pandasecurity.com/mediacenter/src/uploads/2015/05/PandaLabs-Report_Q1-2015.pdf

Current state KAI KAI IS SETTLED IN ZOO BUT DREAMS OF “BAMBOO BAMBOO EVERYWHERE…(LYING LAZY NEAR A LAKE WITH HIS GIRLFRIEND)”.

Ms. WANG IS PREGNANT, OFTEN FANTASIZE A BEAUTIFUL FOREST HOUSE FOR HER BABY IN A FRUIT ORCHARD, AND ALSO OF BECOMING THE URA PLANNING DIRECTOR

16.The focus and role of biological research in Panda conservation. Available at: http://www.bearbiology. com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_9/Reid_Vol_9.pdf 17.Panda Tales. Avalaible at: http://pandas.riversafari.com.sg/panda-tales.html

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