BIO-SECURITY Dr_abohemeed@yahoo.com http://veterinarydiseases.blogspot.com
What is Bio-security? Bio-security is securing protection from microbiological organisms
PROFIT versus LOSS • A flock receiving good health security care is a delight and a source of both pride and profit.
Failure to concentrate on planned disease prevention often leads to personal disappointment and sometimes disastrous financial loss.
Raising poultry • Most broilers are raised indoors on a mud or concrete floor that is covered with litter (straw, sawdust, or some other material that absorbs moisture), keeping the birds clean. Note - Litter care
Poultry Feed • Poultry feed is designed to promote rapid growth and production. • The main ingredients are maize and soya. • A broiler eats an average of 0.45 kilogram of feed per week and is killed when it is between 35 and 40 days old • A laying hen consumes about 1.8 kilograms of feed for every dozen eggs that she lays. • And clean water
DISEASES Poultry farmers vaccinate their birds against diseases Certain chemicals are added to the drinking water to control growth of micro organisms Respiratory ailments of poultry include Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and laryngotrachetis. Marek's disease , which kill many birds
Understanding Microbial Control • Sterilization - The destruction of all infective and reproductive forms of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi,virus, etc.). • Disinfection - The destruction of all vegetative forms of microorganisms. Spores are not destroyed • Sanitation - The reduction of pathogenic organism numbers to a level at which they do not pose a disease threat to their host.
The Enemy Staphylococcus Cocci Bacteria
E.coli Rod-Shaped Bacteria
Pathogens
cause
• Illness / Disease / Death Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella Clostridium Mycoplasma Gumboro Mareks
E.coli in Water
The dreaded Escherichia coli belongs to the family of Gram negative group of anaerobic bacilli. It is a non-spore forming rod shaped bacteria. It grows well on simple artificial media at temperatures of 15 to 40 C at pH 6.5 to 8.0. E.coli is the index organism of
Advantages of the Index organisms: i) E.coli survives in water longer than most pathogens. This makes it possible to detect recent as well as earlier pollution. ii) The presence of E.coli can be easily detected in a short period of time at low cost in contrast to the more tedious, costly and time consuming identification of a specific pathogen.
Significance of the Index Organisms: E.coli generally outnumber other organisms and being able to multiply to some extent in open polluted waters, may survive for weeks or months depending upon the conditions in the waters. Limits: Properly filtered water should have total aerobic bacterial counts < 1000 cfu. Coliforms should be < 3 per 100 ml. E.coli
Factors affecting sanitized hatchery • The type of surface being treated. • The cleanliness of the surface. • The type of organisms being treated. • The durability of the equipment/surface material. • Time limitations on treatment duration. • Residual activity requirements.
MAXIMISING DISINFECTANT BENEFITS » Selecting disinfectants, considering their effectiveness on organisms that are of greatest concern » Satisfy all efficacy requirements demanded of disinfectants » Allow adequate contact time (usually 30 minutes is sufficient)
SELECTION OF DISINFECTANTS • Every farm has it’s unique problems • No single molecule based disinfectant is effective by itself • Hence, a selective synergistic combination formulated for practical field conditions are most effective
Concentration pH Temperature Mechanical Force
Time
4 Factors of Cleaning
Why Should Cleaning & Sanitizing Be Carried Out As Two Steps? â&#x20AC;˘ The presence of any residual soil can chemically or physically impair the efficacy of sanitizers â&#x20AC;˘ Soil may shield microorganisms from the necessary direct contact with the sanitizers
HOW CAN NARSIPUR HELP? • Suggest the right disinfectant • Analyse water requirements • Suggest a controlled disinfection programme • Improve productivity on farms and hatcheries
Approved Sanitizers • • • • • • •
Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Iodophors Quaternary ammonium compounds Carboxylic acid sanitizers Peroxy acid compounds Phenolic
Chlorine • Chlorine gas • Sodium, calcium hypochlorites • Powdered organic chlorine sources – Maximum concentration - 200 ppm available chlorine
Chlorine Advantages
HOCI Activity
100%
• • • • •
50%
0% 4
5
6
7 pH
8
9
10
Broad spectrum of activity Hard water tolerant Low temperature efficacy Relatively inexpensive No residual activity / non film forming
Chlorine - Disadvantages • Potential for toxic chlorine gas formation • Corrosive • Irritation • Unstable, short shelf life • Formation of potentially toxic by-products
Iodophors • Iodine + Surfactant + Acid – Maximum Concentration - 25 ppm
Iodophors - Advantages • Broad spectrum of activity • Less irritating than chlorine • Low toxicity • Effective pH range – Broader than chlorine - 2-8 • Less corrosive than chlorine • Stable, long shelf life • Color of use solution provides visual control
Iodophors -Disadvantages • • • • • •
Staining porous and plastic materials Poor low temperature efficacy Corrosive at high temperatures. May produce excessive foam on CIP application More expensive than chlorine Odor may be offensive
Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Compounds • • • •
Benzalkonium chloride Substituted benzalkonium chloride Dual quat Twin chain quat – Maximum Concentration - 200 ppm
Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Compounds Advantages • • • • • • • • •
Non toxic, odorless, colorless Non-corrosive Temperature stable Relative stability in presence of organic soil Broad spectrum of activity Residual antimicrobial film Some detergency and soil penetrating ability Stable, long shelf-life Mold and odor control
Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Compounds Disadvantages • • • • •
Incompatible with anionic wetting agents Low hard water tolerance Limited low temperature activity Excessive foaming in mechanical applications Antimicrobial activity may vary depending on formulation
Peroxy Compounds H H2O2 +
CH3COOH
H
C H
Hydrogen Peroxide
Acetic Acid
O C O O H
Peroxyacetic Acid
Peroxyacetic Acid Advantages • Low foam • Broad temperature range of activity • Combine sanitizing and acid rinse • No residue • Generally non-corrosive to stainless steel and aluminum
• Relative tolerance to organic soil • Phosphate free • Environmentally responsible • Broad spectrum of bactericidal activity • Active over broad pH range up to pH 7.5
Peroxyacetic Acid -Disadvantages • • • •
Metal ion sensitivity Corrosive to soft metals Odor of concentrate Varied activity against fungi
BIO - FILMS • Mass with Protective Film (Slime)
• Bacterial
• Traps Nutrients and Bacteria
Attachment
•• Prevents Prevents Anti-Microbial Anti-Microbial Action Action •• Effective Effective Cleaning Cleaning Required Required
IDEAL SANITISER • Broad Spectrum of activity • Rapid Kill • Easily prepared and soluble in water • Stable • Tolerant of soil, hard water, etc. • Environmentally compatible and nontoxic • Non - corrosive • Economical • Safe to use
REMEMBER If you take care of the birds, the birds will take care of you!
PROTECT YOUR BIRDS NOW!
AND