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forensic nursing: key to disaster preparedness strategy p. 58

close encounters with criminal minds p. 16

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THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速 Winter 2013

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ES22 Tucson ☀ Arizona

VOLUME 22 • NUMBER 4 • WINTER 2013

Contents CE ARTICLES

58

Forensic nursing: The Key to Disaster Preparedness Strategy

by Linda Doyle, RN, CLNC, CFN, CMI-III, CHS-III, CDP-I, DABFN

FEATURES 16 close encounters with

criminal minds

by Katherine Ramsland, PhD, CMI-V

52 DMO KNIVES:

An interview with founders brian cathey and rob garcia

70 tactically training women:

An interview with Karen Bartuch

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THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

COLUMNS 10 forensics in the news 51 success files Kevin Theriault

76 fiction: Never a Cross Word

by Shelly Reuben

IN THIS ISSUE

52

08 New Members 09 ACFEI NEWS 12 ACCREDITATION updates 20 BOOK REVIEW

Optimal Living 360: Smart Decision Making for a Balanced Life

by Sanjay Jain

74 BOOK REVIEW Forensic Nursing: EvidenceBased Principles and Practice

by Rose E. Constantino, Patricia A. Crane, and Susan E. Young

70

75 BOOK REVIEW Expert Witness in the Legal System: A Scientist’s Search for Justice

by Morris Zedeck, PhD

21 51

83 ACFEI logo products

2014 EXECUTIVE SUMMIT 23 schedule at a glance 24 hotel information 26 about the area 28 travel arrangements 30 sponsorship information 31 exhibitor information 36 acfei breakout sessions 44 ABCHS breakout sessions 46 American psychotherapy association and AAIM breakout sessions

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48 continuing education 49 ES22 Registration form

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

5

2013 EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD *Note: For spacing and consistency considerations, the number of designations listed has been limited.

ACFEI EXECUTIVE ADVISORY BOARD

CHAIR

Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD, CFP, CMI-V Chair, American Board of Forensic Medicine Nicholas G. Apostolou, DBA, CPA, Certified Forensic Accountant Donna Garbacz Bader, MSN, RNC, CFN, CMI-I Larry Barksdale, MA E. Robert Bertolli, OD, CMI-V Kenneth E. Blackstone, MS, CFC, CCI David T. Boyd, DBA, CPA, CMA, Certified Forensic Accountant

Ronald G. Lanfranchi, PhD, DC, CMI-IV Monique Levermore, PhD Jonathan Lipman, PhD Judith Logue, PhD Mike Meacham, PhD, LCSW David Miller, DDS Leonard I. Morgenbesser, PhD

Jules Brayman, CPA, CVA

Jacques Ama Okonji, PhD

John Brick, PhD, MA, CMI-V

Norva E. Osborne, OD, CMI-III

Richard C. Brooks, PhD, CGFM

Ronald J. Panunto, PE, CFC, CFEI, CVFI

Dennis L. Caputo, MS, CHMM, QEP

Larry H. Pastor, MD, CFC

Dennis H. Chevalier, CMI-I, CPPP, FIPC, BS

Theodore G. Phelps, CPA

David F. Ciampi, PhD

Marc Rabinoff, EdD, CFC

Andrew N. Dentino, MD

Jerald H. Ratner, MD, CFP

James A. DiGabriele, PhD, CPA, ABV, CFF

Harold F. Risk, PhD

John Shelby DuPont Jr., DDS

Susan P. Robbins, PhD, LCSW, DCSW, CMFSW

Raymond Fish, PhD, MD

Jane R. Rosen-Grandon, PhD

Per Freitag, PhD, MD

Douglas Ruben, PhD

L. Sue Gabriel, EdD, MSN, MFS, RN

J. Bradley Sargent, CPA/CFF, CFS, Certified Forensic Accountant

Ron Grassi, DC, MS

William Sawyer, PhD

Richard C. W. Hall, MD, CFP John J. Haberstroh, DC, CFC, CMI-V Raymond F. Hanbury, PhD, ABPP David L. Holmes, EdD Leo L. Holzenthal Jr., PE, BSEE, MSE Matthew Howard, PhD, MSW, MS, BA Edward J. Hyman, PhD

Howard A. Shaw, MD Ivan Sosa Henry A. Spiller, MS Marilyn J. Stagno, PsyD, RN James R. Stone, MD, MBD, CMI-V George S. Swan, JD William A. Tobin, MA

Zafar M. Iqbal, PhD Nursine S. Jackson, MSN, RN Scott A. Johnson, MA, LP, DABPS Philip Kaushall, PhD Eric Kreuter, PhD, CPA, CMA, CFM

Robert Tovar, MA, CPP Patricia A. Wallace, PhD, CFCE Raymond Webster, PhD Dean A. Wideman, MSc, MBA, CFC, CMI-III

2013 EDUCATION COMMITTEE *Note: For spacing and consistency considerations, the number of designations listed has been limited.

Puneet Arora, MD, MBBS, CFP, CMI-V Ralph Carnesecchi, MPS, CMI-III Larry D. Crumbley, PhD, CPA, Certified Forensic Accountant

John D. Petkanas, DDS, CFC, CMI-V Jerald H. Ratner, MD, CFP

L. Sue Gabriel, EdD, MSN, MFS, RN, CFN

Douglas H. Ruben, PhD

Amy M. Garcie, DPN, APRN, ACNP, CFN

Larry F. Stewart, CFC, MSFS

Joseph A. Juchniewicz, MA, CCI, CFC, LPT

Kevin R. Theriault, BS, CCI, CFC

Michael Fitting Karagiozis, DO, MDiv, CFP, CMI-V

Mark Tomlin, CMI-III

E. Frank Livingstone, MD, CFP

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Joan C. Perin, CPA, CFC, CGMA, Certified Forensic Accountant

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

MEMBERS

Marilyn J. Nolan, MS Chair, American Board of Forensic Counselors James H. Hutson, DDS, CMI-V Chair, American Board of Forensic Dentistry Kevin Theriault, BS, CFC Chair, American Board of Forensic Examiners Ben Venktash, Peng(UK), FSE Chair, American Board of Engineering and Technology L. Sue Gabriel, EdD, MSN, RN, CFN Chair, American Board of Forensic Nursing Douglas Fountain Chair Emeritus, American Board of Forensic Social Workers Rodolfo J. Rosado, PhD Chair, American Board of Psychological Specialties Gregg M. Stutchman Chair, American Board of Recorded Evidence Robert Boyden, PhD, MS, SCSA Chair, American Board of Certified Criminal Investigators S. Sandy Sanbar, MD, PhD, JD, FCLM Chair, Legal Advisory Board Robert K. Minniti, CPA, MBA, Certified Forensic Accountant; Chair, American Board of Forensic Accounting

CONTINUING EDUCATION ACFEI provides continuing education credits for accountants, nurses, physicians, dentists, psychologists, counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists.

Approvals for continuing education activities are subject to change. For the most up-to-date status, please check the course catalog on our website, www.acfei.com, or contact the Registrar’s office toll-free at 800.423.9737.

ACFEI is an approved provider of Continuing Education by the following: Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education National Association of State Boards of Accountancy National Board for Certified Counselors California Board of Registered Nurses American Psychological Association California Board of Behavioral Sciences Association of Social Work Boards American Dental Association (ADA CERP) The Missouri Sheriff’s Association co-sponsors Police Officer Standards Training (POST) accreditation for the American College of Forensic Examiners Institute’s activities.

The American College of Forensic Examiners Institute® is a member of the National Certification Commission and the Alliance for Continuing Medical Education.

The Ethics exam, Law exam, Evidence exam, Certified Medical Investigator®, CMI exam levels I-V, Certified Forensic Accountant exam, Certified Forensic Nurse, CFN® exam, and the Certified Forensic Consultant, CFC® exam are all approved for G.I. Bill benefits.

ACFEI ADVISORY BOARDS

American Board of Certified Criminal Investigators

Chair: Robert Boyden, PhD, MS, SCSA VICE Chair: Dennis Chevalier, CPPP, FIPC, CMI-I Dilsher Ali, CAMS, CCI, MS, PCI Kenneth E. Blackstone, MS, CFC, CCI Marvin “Gene” Bullington, CFC Mark Boutwell, CSI, MI, CMI-I, CCI, CPPP, FIPC Henry “Scott” Browne, MS, RS, CCI John Daab, PhD, MBA, MPS, CI, CFC, CCI Joseph A. Juchniewicz, MA, CCI, CFC, LPT Eric Lakes, CLWE, MCSE David Millsap, CCI, CMI-III Thomas R. Price, CFC, CCI, FACFEI, DABFE Harold F. Risk, PhD, FACFEI, DABPS Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD, CFP, CMI-V

American Board of Forensic Accounting

Chair: Robert K. Minniti, CPA, CVA, CFF, MBA, Certified Forensic Accountant VICE Chair: Stewart L. Appelrouth, CPA, CFLM, CVA, Certified Forensic Accountant Gary Bloome, CPA, Certified Forensic Accountant Alexander Lamar Casparis, CPA, ABV, CFF, CITP Hugh M. Christensen, CPA, ABV, CFF, CVA, Certified Forensic Accountant Suzanne D. Hillman, CPA, CFF, CITP, Certified Forensic Accountant Michael G. Kessler, CICA, Certified Forensic Accountant Eric A. Kreuter, PhD, CPA Robert B. Lechter, CPA, Certified Forensic Accountant Joan C. Perin, CPA, CFC, CGMA, Certified Forensic Accountant Joshua S. Rader, CPA, ABV, CFF, Certified Forensic Accountant J. Bradley Sargent, CPA/CFF, CFS, Certified Forensic Accountant Larry Settles, CPA, ABV, CITP, Certified Forensic Accountant Richard M.Teichner, CPA, ABV, CVA, CFF, Certified Forensic Accountant

American Board of Forensic Counselors

Chair: Marilyn J. Nolan, MS James B. Clarke, MA, LPC, NCC, MAC Rhiannon Condon, LPC, LCSW, LCDC, CADC Amy Mooney, Phd, CMHC, AFC William M. Sloane, JD, LLM

American Board of Forensic Dentistry

Chair: James H. Hutson, DDS, CMI-V Bill B. Akpinar, DDS, CMI-V Benjamin Antioquia, DDS Stephanie L. Anton-Bettey, DDS, CMI-V, CFC Robert Byrd, DDS Dennis Flanagan, DDS Brian Karasic, DMD, MScFin, MBA, CMI-V R. Gordon Klockow, DDS Chester B. Kulak, DMD, CMI-V, CFC

John Petkanas, DDS, CFC, CMI-V Kathryn Vitiello, DMD

American Board of Forensic Examiners

Chair: Kevin Theriault, BS, CFC, CCI Jess P. Armine, DC Ronna F. Dillon, PhD, CMI-V Bruce H. Gross, PhD, JD, MBA Henry P. Hambel, PhD, CPP, MEMS-M Darrell C. Hawkins, JD, CMI-V Edward Heyden, EdD Michael W. Homick, PhD, EdD Michael Fitting Karagiozis, DO, MDiv, CFP, CMI-V Anthony Kemmerlin, CMI-V, DABFE Ronald G. Lanfranchi, DC, PhD, CMI-IV John L. Laseter, PhD, CMI-IV Lawrence Lavine, DO, MPH, CFC, CMI-V Leonard K. Lucenko, PhD, CFC, CPSI Marc A. Rabinoff, EdD, CFC Luis Rivera, CPA, CFF James A Williams, PhD, CFC

American Board of Forensic Engineering and Technology

Chair: Ben Venktash, FRSH(UK), FSE VICE Chair: George C. Frank, CFC VICE Chair: James P. Waltz, PE, MBA, CEM, LEED, AP Ali Fayad, PE Gregory Harrison, PhD, PE Michael Nunez, PhD, PE J.W. “Bill” Petrelli Jr., AIA, NCARB, TAID, CFC Max L. Porter, PhD, PE, CFC John Robbins, PE Frank Stephenson, PhD, PE

American Board of Forensic Medicine

Chair: Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD, CFP, CMI-V VICE Chair: Matthias I. Okoye, MD, MSc, JD, FRCP Michael Cardwell, MD, JD John A. Consalvo, MD Louis W. Irmisch III, MD, CFP, CMI-V Michael Fitting Karagiozis, DO, MDiv, CFP, CMI-V Lawrence Lavine, DO, MPH, CMI-V, CFC Kenneth A. Levin, MD, CFP, FACFEI, DABFM, DABFE E. Franklin Livingstone, MD, CFP Manijeh K. Nikakhtar, MD, MPH, CFP, CMI-V John R. Parker, MD, CFP, FCAP Jerald H. Ratner, MD, CFP S. Sandy Sanbar, MD, PhD, JD, FCLM

American Board of Forensic Nursing

Chair: L. Sue Gabriel, EdD, MSN, RN, CFN, MFS Donna Garbacz Bader, MSN, RNC, CFN, CMI-I, CFC Marilyn A. Bello, RNC, MS, CMI-IV, CFN, CFC Cynthia J. Curtsinger, RN, CFN, SANE Linda J. Doyle, RN, CFN, CMI-III, CLNC Diane L. Reboy, MS, RN, CFN, LNCC, CNLCP Suzanne Rotolo, PhD, MSN, RN, CFN, SANE-A, SANE-P

American Board of Psychological Specialties

Chair: Rodolfo J. Rosado, PhD VICE Chair: Douglas H. Ruben, PhD Carol J. Armstrong, PhD, MS, LPC Martha Barham, RN, PhD, CFC Madeline M. Daniels, PhD, CMI-V Ronna F. Dillon, PhD, CMI-V Raymond H. Hamden, PhD, CFC, CMI-V Raymond F. Hanbury, PhD, ABPP, LPC Paula M. Mackenzie, PsyD Helen D. Pratt, PhD Richard M. Skaff, PsyD Charles R. Stern, PhD, CMI-V Joseph C. Yeager, PhD Donna M. Zook, PhD, CFC

American Board of Recorded Evidence

Chair: Gregg M. Stutchman Ernst F. W. (Rick) Alexanderson, BA, MBA Eddy B. Brixen Stephen C. Buller Marisa Dery Ryan O. Johnson, BA Michael C. McDermott, JD Jennifer E. Owen, BA Thomas J. Owen, BA

American Board of Forensic Social Workers

Chair: Viola Vaughan-Eden, PhD, LCSW, CMFSW James Andrews, MSW, LCSW, CMFSW Matthew A. Capezzuto, PhD, LISW, AFC Nathalie P. Hughes, MSW, CMFSW Tina Jaeckle, PhD, LCSW, CFC, CMFSW Shannon C. Lebak, MSW, LCSW, CMFSW Michael G. Meacham, PhD, LCSW Kathleen Monahan, DSW, CMFSW, LMFT, CFC, MSW Susan P. Robbins, PhD, LCSW, DCSW, CMFSW Christine Routhier, AFSW, LCSW, CMFSW Steven J. Sprengelmeyer, MSW, MA, LISW, CMFSW

Legal Advisory Board

Chair: S. Sandy Sanbar, MD, PhD, JD CJ Abraham, PE, PhD, JD Michael Cardwell, MD, JD Joseph F. Connolly, II, MMA, MEd, JD, FRSA Paul D. Friedman, MA, PhD, JD Robert Fish, DDS, JD, FAGD James L. Greenstone, EdD, JD, CMI-I Pamela Ann Geyer, RN, CFN, JD Robert D. Hall, PhD, JD Cynthia A. Lee, PhD, JD, CMI-I William “Bill” McClure, DC, JD Robert W. Muench, JD Joshua K Roberts, JD Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD, CFP, CMI-V

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

7

WELCOME New Members New Members

Geraldine Adams Robert Alexander Salah Alzanbagi Stella Anzaldua Kelly Berishaj Leah Brady Michael Bulmer Robert Candland Victor Carbone Alex Caylor Kenneth Cliburn Clairette Clinger Steven Collins Maureen Cooney Sandra Davis Era Dearmon Gustavo Debourg Charles Duffy Eric Eltzroth Norma Everett Paje Fair Dwight Ferguson Timothy Fogarty Dan Foy Soren Frederiksen Michael Gambino Andrea Giambrone Margie Gilbert Richard Gonzalez Karla Gothard Mary Groce-Madison Arthur Hallstrom Kelly Harris Shannon Hoots Cid Caitlin Hosn George Hunt Janet Jesiolowski Wilbert Jones Teresa Jorgensen Azzam Karaki Susanne Kee Paige Keim

Sung Kim Tino Kyprianou Jay Lake Greg Langford Amber LaRoe-Winter Matthew Lee Jessica Lord John Lowery Tammera Maroney Keith Martinous Vivian Mathis Charles McAleer Shara McDonald Dianna McMullan Rebecca Mowen David Myerberg Natalie Myers Tekyam Krishnakumar Naidu Christian Nino-Moris Chris O’Connell Dana Oldham James Pantel Hasmukh “Harry” Patel William Pitard Jan Polasky Melissa Richard Ellen Rittenberg Nathan Rosato Kimberly Rosborough Scott Rosenquist Ashley Rusciano Lynn Russell Diane Sanchez-Bianco Elise Schack Mark Scribner Gillian Sheppard Trisha Sheridan Jennifer Skridulis Nakesha Smith Brianna Stieler Angela Suarez Shirley Sunn Eunice Talley

Due to space limitations, degrees and professional designations are not listed.

8

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Reginaldo Tirotti Joseph Tolner Arturo Uribe Rachelle Valenzuela William Vicaldo Kathleen Walker Rick Watts Connie Wells Kurt Wessels Beverly White Raphael Woodall Heather Young Stephen Zamucen Christopher Zubiate Newly Credentialed

Carolyn Adams Kelly Berishaj Richard Bond John Bunting Douglas Carner Sandra Davis Lorraine Edey Norma Everett Timothy Fogarty Margie Gilbert Diane Glenn Paul Hamilton Donald Haneline Sheena Havens Yvette Hurd Susanne Kee Jay Lake Erica Lemberger Mark Makara Tammera Maroney Vivian Mathis Matthew McKinnon Shannon Morfeld Arthur Nowlin Chris O’Connell Tara O’Hare Della Ostendorf

Christopher Pembrook Michael Powers Ellen Rittenberg Ernest Rogers Daniel Roig Nathan Rosato Lynn Russell Rosario Sanchez Sherece Shavel Trisha Sheridan Franklin Singh John Sullivant Shirley Sunn Shelliann Threadgill Loretta Trujillo James White Anne Wilson Raphael Woodall New diplomates

Thomas Harlow Mary Mule’ Michael Tulman New Fellows

Donna Bader Kenneth Blackstone Deanna Brewer Irwin Cohen John Daab Richard Dalba Keith Goldstein Paul Harrison Bankole Johnson Donald Jones Essie Knuckle John Kostyshock Donna Lauck Robert Morris Herbert Nieburg Keith Price S. Sanbar

ACFEI NEWS

acfei accreditation update As you may know, ACFEI has been working towards aligning our certification programs to meet National Commission for Certifying Agencies accreditation guidelines. The American Board of Forensic Nursing has led the way and achieved a major goal this month when the nursing job task survey was sent out to hundreds of nurses across the country. By receiving feedback from a diverse network of forensic nurses, we will be able to ensure program integrity and determine the importance of the proposed job tasks.

ES22 Tucson ☀ Arizona

Please keep in mind we will be sending out surveys in the future for all forensic specialties, and we will need your help in making sure the surveys are completed and dispersed to relevant professionals.

Certified Instructor, CI ACFEI has been working with Nathaniel Cole our Certified Instructor, CI for the Certified Forensic Accountant program to offer live instruction in Nigeria. If you are interested in a live training, please contact member services for details at 800.423.9737.

Exhibit booth We visited Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, recently to exhibit the ACFEI booth for the Wecht Institute of Forensic Science and Law’s 13th annual conference. During our time, we learned about the JFK assassination and met some wonderful people. If you know of a conference that would be beneficial for ACFEI to attend and exhibit, please contact member services at 800.423.9737. Additionally, look for our JFK Symposium follow-up in our spring 2014 issue.

Executive Summit Don’t forget to register for the 2014 Executive Summit before Dec. 31st to receive a discounted rate! Call member services at 800.423.9737 to sign up today. A presentation schedule is now available online when you visit www.theexecutivesummit.net.

☀ educate

☀ integrate

☀ collaborate ☀ motivate

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

9

FORENSICS IN THE NEWS

election hack: stealing votes the cyber way

Source

This story has been condensed. To view the full story in its entirety, please visit www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/ august/election-hack-stealing-votes-the-cyber-way/ election-hack-stealing-votes-the-cyber-way

August 05, 2013 — A 22-year-old candidate for student council president at California State University San Marcos hoped to guarantee victory by rigging the election through cyber fraud, but he ended up winning a year in prison instead.

Matthew Weaver used small electronic devices called keyloggers to steal the passwords and identities of nearly 750 fellow students. Then he cast votes for himself—and some of his friends on the ballot—using the stolen names. He was caught during the final hour of the election in March 2012 when network administrators noticed unusual voting activity associated with a single computer on campus. A Cal State police officer sent to investigate found Weaver working at that machine. He had cast more than 600 votes for himself using the stolen identities.

“Some people wanted to paint this as a college prank gone bad, but he took the identities of almost 750 people, and that’s a serious thing,” said Special Agent Charles Chabalko, who worked the investigation out of our San Diego Division after being contacted by Cal State authorities. “He had access to these students’ e-mails, financial information, and their social networks. He had access to everything.”

Weaver installed keyloggers—inexpensive devices easily purchased on the Internet— on 19 different campus computers. Those who used the machines were unaware that Weaver could later retrieve every keystroke they made, enabling him to obtain their usernames and passwords and then gain access to all their information.

a different kind of outreach:

evidence response teams connect with kids

PHOTO CREDIT: FBI PHOTO

10

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

April 30, 2013 — Members of our Evidence Response Teams (ERTs)—located in FBI offices around the country— often spend their days at scenes of deadly crimes or mass disaster sites collecting evidence to determine what happened and identify criminals or victims.

But once in a while—as their hectic schedules allow—our ERT personnel leave behind the grim nature of their jobs to take part in outreach efforts with young people in their communities, demonstrating forensic procedures and often inspiring their audiences to consider a scientific or other type of career in the FBI.

“Over the past couple of years, ERT members have taken part in about 500 community events around the country…”

Over the past couple of years, ERT members have taken part in about 500 community events around the country—usually through the Bureau’s community outreach program—and have reached an untold number of youngsters, from kindergartners through college students. These events include school career days and forensics classes; law school presentations; activities sponsored by youth groups, leadership groups, ethnic community-based groups, other law enforcement agencies, and businesses; summer camps; museum programs; county and state fairs; and police academies.

Shadows & LIGHT: New Software to Detect Forged Photos

consumer alert: pirated software may

Aug. 11, 2013 — Dartmouth and UC Berkeley researchers have developed new software to detect faked photos, using a geometric algorithm to locate inconsistent shadows that are not obvious to the naked eye. The new method debunks claims that the Apollo 11 lunar landing photo is fake.

The new method is a significant step in the field of digital forensics, which national security agencies, the media, scientific journals, and others use to differentiate between authentic images and computerized forgeries.

The study, titled “Exposing Photo Manipulation with Inconsistent Shadows,” was presented last week at the Association for Computing Machinery’s SIGGRAPH conference and is to be published in the journal ACM Transactions on Graphics in September.

Source

This story has been condensed. To view the full story in its entirety, please visit www.sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/08/130805152427.htm

The forensic procedures most often demonstrated? Using alternate light sources—like ultraviolet—to recover virtually invisible evidence; dusting for fingerprints; casting shoe and tire print impressions; sketching crime scenes; and recovering hair and fiber evidence. Another big draw is a tour of the ERT crime scene truck.

Members of our ERT staff who take part in these events believe in their value, both for the students who participate and for the FBI. Source

This story has been condensed. To view the full story in its entirety, please visit w w w. f b i . g ov /n e w s /s t o r i e s /2 0 1 3 /a p r i l / evidence-response-teams-connect-with-kids/ evidence-response-teams-connect-with-kids

contain malware

August 08, 2013 — You decide to order some software from an unknown online seller. The price is so low you just can’t pass it up. What could go wrong?

and even from peer-to-peer networks. The physical discs can be purchased from online auction sites, less-than-reputable websites, and sometimes from street vendors and kiosks. Pirated software can also be Plenty. Whether you’re downloading it or found pre-installed on computers overseas, buying a physical disc, the odds are good which are ordered by consumers online and that the product is pirated and laced with then shipped into the United States. malicious software, or malware.

Who’s behind this crime? Criminals, Today, the National Intellectual Property hackers and hacker groups, and even orRights Coordination (IPR) Center—of ganized crime rings. which the FBI is a key partner—is warn- And the risks to unsuspecting consuming the American people about the real ers? For starters, the inferior and infected possibility that illegally copied software, software may not work properly. Your opincluding counterfeit products made to erating system may slow down and fail to look authentic, could contain malware. receive critical security updates.

Our collective experience has shown this But the greater danger comes from poto be true, both through the complaints tential exposure to criminal activity—like we’ve received and through our investiga- identity theft and financial fraud—after tions. It’s also been validated by industry malware takes hold of your system. studies, which show that an increasing amount of software installed on computSource ers around the world—including in the This story has been condensed. To view U.S.—is pirated and that this software the full story in its entirety, please visit often contains malware. www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/august/ As in our above scenario, pirated soft- pirated-software-may-contain-malware/ ware can be obtained from unknown sellers pirated-software-may-contain-malware

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

11

The Difference Between Certification & Accreditation CERTIFICATION

Accreditation

WHAT IS A CERTIFICATION PROGRAM?

WHAT IS ACCREDITATION?

Certification is the process through which an organization grants recognition to an individual, organization, process, service, or product that meets specific established criteria.

Certification programs evaluate an individual’s current knowledge, skills, and competencies. Individuals undertake certifications voluntarily. Certification programs offer credentials rather than degrees. They do not require the individual undergo an educational or training program, but study materials may be offered.

Accreditation is the process by which a credentialing or certification program is evaluated against defined standards, and, when in compliance with these standards, is awarded recognition by a third party. The American College of Forensic Examiners Institute is currently aligning certification programs with National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) standards in anticipation of applying for accreditation through NCCA for its certifications.

Find out more about accreditation and NCCA below.

HOW CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS AND ACCREDITATION WORK TOGETHER Individuals seek certification from American College of Forensic Examiners Institute (ACFEI), and ACFEI is seeking accreditation for its certifications from the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA).

The American College of Forensic Examiners Institute’s members often seek certifications from the association, such as certifications in forensic nursing, criminal investigation, forensic consulting, and many more. These certifications attest to an individual’s knowledge and competencies in that field.

As an organization, ACFEI is seeking accreditation from the National Commission for Certifying Agencies for several of these certification programs. Each certification program receives accreditation separately from the others, if it is received. In other words, if one certification program ACFEI offers receives accreditation, that does not mean the other programs are accredited as well. Each certification goes through this process alone. If a program receives accreditation, it attests to the validity of that program, which increases the prestige each certified individual receives.

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THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

ACCREDITATION ABOUT NCCA

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF

FORENSIC EXAMINERS

INSTITUTE

ACFEI AND CERTIFICATION

The Institute for Credentialing Excellence is the most prestigious organization dedicated to providing educational, networking, and advocacy resources for the credentialing community. ICE’s accrediting body, the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA), evaluates certification organizations for compliance with the NCCA Standards for the Accreditation of Certification Programs. NCCA’s Standards exceed the requirements set forth by the American Psychological Association and the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. ICE is a nationally recognized standards developer.

BENEFITS OF ACCREDITATION

ACFEI and its sub-boards are creating certification programs in the various fields of forensics, such as criminal investigation, forensic accounting, forensic social work, and forensic consulting. The goal of each program is to validate the professional knowledge and skills of certified individuals in the area. This is no small task.

Potential Benefits to the Field: • Standardizes practices and/or standards within an industry • Advances the specialty/field • Increases cooperation between organizations in the same discipline • Provides a means for an industry to self-regulate

The association is in the process of aligning these certifications with accreditation standards by completing the following steps: • Establishing certification program policies • Enforcing ethics • Developing tests • Operating continuing education programs

Potential Benefits to Those with an Accredited Certification: • Grants recognition of knowledge and skills by a third party • Enhances professional reputation • Provides personal accomplishment • Supports continued professional development • Demonstrates a high level of commitment to the field of practice • Demonstrates a specific level of knowledge and skill • May increase opportunities for career advancement and/or increased earnings • Serves as a differentiator in a competitive job market

These processes align with industry standards such as those set forth by the NCCA and are driven by Subject Matter Experts.

In this way, those who hold certifications from the ACFEI can be confident their credentials are credible and relevant to their specialty.

Public Board Members Needed Part of the accreditation process includes adding public board members to our boards to represent the interests of the public. Here are the eligibility requirements for these positions:

• Willing to be an advocate to the public for the association • Not employed in forensics or the specialty field of that

board (for instance, nurses cannot serve as a public member on the American Board of Forensic Nursing) • Not be a member or hold a certification from the American College of Forensic Examiners Institute • Be legally employable in the U.S. Contact us at cao@acfei.com if you know someone who might be interested in one of these positions.

Potential Benefits to Employers: • Improves customer satisfaction • Increases competence level of employees • Useful in making employment decisions • Provides professional development opportunities for employees • Ongoing enhancement of knowledge and skills • Increases confidence in employees’ abilities • Demonstrates employers’ commitment to competence • Could provide a means to establish and enforce an ethical code • Can provide compliance with industry regulation/government requirements Potential Benefits to the Public: • Standardizes practices and/or standards within an industry • Advances the specialty/field and increases cooperation between organizations in the same discipline • Provides a means for an industry to self-regulate • Helps in identifying qualified service providers • Increases confidence in service providers • Provides disciplinary process to follow in case of complaints

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

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ACCREDITATION

Beta Testing For Our Certification programs ACFEI members and staff have been working tirelessly to align our certification programs with accreditation practices, with the plan of applying for accreditation from the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) once the process is complete. The first major step involved is defining the scope of each certification and compiling task statements, or lists of what job duties or competencies a certification candidate completes daily. Thanks to you, our members, several certification programs are ready to move on to the next step in the process: exam creation and beta testing. Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) are writing exam items (test questions), and our goal is to have beta testing available at the 2014 Executive Summit, ES22 for several of our certification programs.

Beta testing is an important step in this process. In beta testing, qualified candidates take the exam to see how it measures up. Items are tested on candidates to obtain statistics that will be used to improve the validity of the exam. For example, participants may all answer one question with the same wrong answer, indicating the question is faulty. The beta test is a means to gain statistics that can be sent to a psychometrician to analyze the difficulty and reliability of the exam. This information assists in setting the cutscore (passing score).

Individuals taking the beta test can include both those who are not yet certified in the program as well as those who already hold the certification. In fact, individuals currently holding these certifications are encouraged to take the beta test. Those who currently hold the certification will have to take the exam during or after beta testing to be eligible to use the accredited credential once the program receives accreditation.

Before we can apply for accreditation from NCCA for any of our certification programs, we must have 500 candidates take the beta exam or for the exam to be in place for one year. We would greatly appreciate if those already certified in these programs would assist us by participating in the beta exam. For the beta exam, the certification application fee is waived.

We hope to have beta testing available at the 2014 Executive Summit, ES22 for the following certifications: • Certified Forensic Consultant, CFC® • Certified Forensic Nurse, CFN® • Certified Forensic Master Social Worker, CFMSW® • Certified Forensic Accountant If the beta tests are not available at ES22, they will be available shortly after. Again, we are grateful for all who participate in beta testing for these certifications.

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THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Crisis Leadership & Emergency Management Prediction, Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Post response EARN YOUR GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN CRISIS LEADERSHIP & EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

100% ONLINE Dear Reader, I am writing today to share with you a very unique opportunity here at Black Hills State University. As you well know, crises and emergencies arise without warning. Recent events in national news underscore the truth that these situations can happen anywhere at any time. Drawing upon their considerable experience in federal and state law enforcement and crisis situations, our faculty have developed a unique graduate certificate program that extends the traditional emergency management approach to include strong and practical leadership development. The Graduate Certificate in Crisis Leadership and Emergency Management (CLEM) at BHSU is designed to bridge academic rigor and best practices in order to develop individuals who can lead their organizations through crises using an all-hazards approach to managing critical incidents while preserving and valuing human capital.

Dr. Vecchi or I would look forward to the opportunity to discuss your ongoing professional development needs and how BHSU might offer support through the CLEM program or other educational opportunities. For more information on CLEM, please visit www.BHSU.edu/CLEM or feel welcome to contact us at any time.

Best, Mitch Hopewell, Ed.D. Thomas.Hopewell@BHSU.edu Gregory Vecchi, Ph.D. Gregory.Vecchi@BHSU.edu

CONTACT US www.bhsu.edu/CLEM 605-642-1241 CLEM@BHSU.edu

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速

15

FEATURE

Close Encounters with

Criminal

Minds

By Katherine Ramsland, PhD, CMI-V

Serial killer Ted Bundy practically begged mental health experts to study him. He claimed it would provide valuable insights about serial killers like himself. He hoped for a truly in-depth, one-on-one examination, sorting through the details of his criminal acts with painstaking clinical analysis. Of course, he was a narcissist, so his request is no surprise, but he wasn’t wrong about the approach. Over the past century, a few mental health experts have tried to do precisely this with several extreme offenders. I have included samples below.

Due to their clinical training and experience, these professionals have provided helpful ideas about what makes the most perverse multiple murderers tick.

Although mental health professionals of any persuasion tend to evaluate offenders according to the explanatory codes of their times, a few were path-finders.

Even today, as we move toward a focus on neuroscience, autobiographical analysis remains an important part of criminology.

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THE FORENSIC EXAMINERÂŽ Winter 2013

First Analysts Since the earliest days of psychiatry, “alienists” have tried to understand the motives and acts of the criminally insane. Initially they believed that anyone who acted contrary to reason must be psychotic, but then a certain type of rational criminal stood out. In 1809, hospital director Philippe Pinel noticed the disturbing behavior of what we now call a psychopath when he treated a missionary who had slaughtered his entire family.

Subsequently, other wardens of psychiatric asylums studied “moral insanity” to learn how the basic human faculty for socially appropriate behavior could fail. Such offenders, they observed, had no remorse about their cruel or destructive acts, yet they also had no identifiable delusional mental illness.

Around 1830, the enthusiasm for scientific methods inspired physicians with a specialty in mental disease to clarify and systematize their knowledge about violent offenders. They focused on defining a context that made sense of dangerous aggression, based on notions about disease.

Isaac Ray, a hospital superintendent, founded the discipline of forensic psychiatry with his publication in 1838 entitled A Treatise on the Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity. His ideas influenced the defense team during the 1843 trial of Daniel M’Naghten, a British case that inspired the insanity “rule” still used as a defense throughout most of America today.

During the 1880s, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Director of the Feldhof Asylum in Germany, served as a legal psychiatric consultant. To make the diagnosis of mental disorders scientific, he devised a system, publishing it in 1879 as A Textbook of Insanity and Psychopathia Sexualis with Especial Reference to the Antipathic Sexual Instinct: A MedicoForensic Study. Clarifying such terms as necrophilia, masochism, and fetishism, and describing stunning cases of bestial aggression, he helped to clarify the abnormal. His approach set a precedent.

Criminal Autobiographies Toward the end of the nineteenth century, French pathologist Alexandre Lacassagne urged incarcerated offenders to record their stories in writing. He believed that the insights would show up in the details, so he instigated “criminal autobiographies.” Each week he would check their notebooks, correcting and guiding them toward personal insight. In the process, he learned that many family histories of violent offenders were full of abuse, criminality, tension, and disease (physical and mental). From this data, Lacassagne developed his theory about specific social influences on criminality.

Among the best criminal autobiographies was Der Sadist, written by Dr. Karl Berg in 1945 based on what serial killer Peter Kürten had told him.

Berg had performed the autopsies on several victims of a bizarre crime spree in Dusseldorf, Germany, and when Kürten was caught, Berg had the opportunity to interview him. “Justice went deeper in his case,” Berg wrote, “and sought to probe the soul of this strange and enigmatic man.”

Mugshot of Peter Kürten, German Federal Archive

ES22 Tucson ☀ Arizona

interested in learning more?

See Katherine Ramsland present with Anthony Meoli at the 2014 Executive Summit in Tucson, Arizona.

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

17

Howard Teten offered

a course in applied criminology, which became the basis for the Behavioral Science Unit (Now the BAU) and its method of behavioral profiling.

In 1929, Kürten stabbed an eight-year-old girl 13 times, set fire to her corpse, and stuffed it under a hedge. That same week, he had stabbed a 45-year-old mechanic in the skull. Six months went by before he had killed two girls at the fairgrounds, strangling the five-year-old and beheading the teenager. He had then used a hammer to slaughter a girl after he raped her. He then stabbed a child 36 times. A rape victim that Kürten had released led police to his home. Under arrest, he admitted to drinking blood from many of his victims because it had aroused him.

After Kürten’s conviction in 1930, he confessed to Berg in shocking detail. For those aspects of the crime in which Kürten took great pleasure, his memory was quite accurate. He had admitted to crimes of which he had not even been accused, culminating in 79 criminal incidents (including 13 murders). He claimed he had no conscience.

“Never have I felt any misgivings in my soul,” he told the judge. “Never did I think to myself that what I did was bad.”

He blamed the “torture” he had received during an earlier stint in prison and added, “I derived the sort of pleasure from these visions [of harm to others] that other people would get from thinking about a naked woman.” Details from his childhood, especially his association with an older sexual pervert, who had mentored him in animal rape, provided revelatory material.

Berg’s detailed study of this killer set a standard. Going beyond a mere case analysis, he offered a means for other professionals to consider the psychological details of serial sexual sadism. Berg found the material “absorbing” and “enlightening.” He used a series of questions to guide Kürten, repeating them to get past Kürten’s initial edifice of lies. Berg also demonstrated to Kürten his own behavioral reveals, which seemed to undermine the offender’s desire to derail the probe.

In the end, Berg found “Kürten utterly different from the man interrogated by police and judge. These crimes hitherto incomprehensible become comprehensible.” In other words, professionals with different training and a different agenda can learn more than the typical approach that law enforcement takes.

In the U.S., Charles Starkweather, 19, viewed actor James Dean as his role model. He believed he was destined for greatness but also suffered from black moods in which he believed he would die young.

With his 14-year-old girlfriend, Caril Ann Fugate, he cut a murderous swath through Nebraska in early 1958, killing 11 relatives, friends, and strangers. “I had hated and been hated,” Starkweather once said. “I had my little world to keep alive as long as possible and my gun. That was my answer.” After a week on the road, he was caught.

While waiting for trial, Starkweather agreed to speak with Dr. Melvin Reinhardt, a professor of criminology at the University of Nebraska.

Reinhardt had just published a study of sexual perversion, so he was granted privileged access. He’d written about the “remorseless ego,” and with this he offered a theoretical framework for thinking about the type of offenders who kill without shame or conscience. He was able to watch Starkweather throughout the entire legal process, as well as to question him in his cell. Reinhardt also read a primitive autobiography that Starkweather had written and interviewed members of Starkweather’s family. He composed the portrait of a bullied young boy with a severe head injury and a chip on his shoulder who developed into a resentful, reactive young man. The criminologist found Starkweather to be an empty person who projected his own self-hatred outward at others.

Reinhardt’s work later influenced the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit.

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THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Primitive Neuroscience The Freudian approach to criminal behavior was a dominant psychiatric theme into the 1960s. At this time, prison psychiatrist Marvin Ziporyn befriended mass murderer Richard Speck, who’d killed eight nurses in Chicago in a single night.

On July 14, 1966, Ziporyn had read in the papers about the horrendous slaughter the night before. He knew the police had picked up a suspect, and he saw Speck being placed in Ward I. The man appeared haggard, apprehensive, and pale. Ziporyn was asked to assess him for his current suicide risk. He found it to be high.

Ziporyn was assigned to monitor Speck, so he set up a schedule to meet with him twice a week and began to work at getting the prisoner to trust him. For a book, Ziporyn sought to find out who Speck truly was, paying special attention to incidents that had resulted in a head injury or substance abuse. Ziporyn thought Speck had an obsessive-compulsive personality (which signaled possible ambivalence about his sexuality) and a “Madonna-whore” attitude toward women. Ziporyn also diagnosed organic brain syndrome.

Although the relationship of the brain to violence was not considered seriously at the time by the psychiatric profession, Ziporyn appears to have been right: After Speck’s death years later, Dr. Jan E. Leestma, a neuropathologist at the Chicago Institute of Neurosurgery, performed an autopsy of his brain. Leestma found blurred boundaries between the hippocampus, which involves memory, and the amygdala, which deals with rage and other strong emotions: They had encroached upon each other. It would be decades before this type of finding would have explanatory weight for violent behavior.

Psychopathy With rising murder rates during the 1960s, the FBI expanded its jurisdiction. At the FBI Academy, founded in 1972, Howard Teten offered a course in applied criminology, which became the basis for the Behavioral Science Unit and its method of behavioral profiling.

Interviews with convicted murderers helped to develop the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program.

To reinforce investigative analysis with science, the agents studied the work of such criminal psychologists as Donald Lunde, James Brussel, and James Reinhardt. They also utilized the Psychopathy Checklist, a diagnostic instrument developed during the 1970s by prison psychologist Robert Hare.

The concept of psychopathy—the remorseless manipulator with no particular motive—had been evolving, according to changing fashions in the professional community. In 1941, Dr. Hervey Cleckley published The Mask of Sanity, to describe the basic traits of a psychopath, including irresponsibility, self-centeredness, and lacking in empathy or anxiety. The psychopath was also more violent, more likely to recidivate, and less likely to respond to treatment. This was not a mental illness; it was a character disorder.

Dr. Al Carlisle, a prison psychologist in Utah, got to know Ted Bundy after his arrest for kidnapping a young woman. At first Bundy resisted being studied, having himself been a psychology major. He was furious with the way Carlisle interpreted him, especially that he was overly dependent on women. However, Bundy also liked talking with Carlisle, which gave the psychologist a chance to spend more informal time with him. At the time, no one knew that Bundy was a serial killer, although several law enforcement agencies had him in their sights.

Bundy, Carlisle found, could be charming and friendly while steaming inside. He lied easily and was manipulative, but he was also quite needy.

He helped other prisoners with their legal concerns but also used them for his own purposes. Nothing about him indicated the level of violence and perverse sexual behavior for which he would later be famous.

Carlisle used his experience with Bundy and other Utah-based serial killers to form a developmental theory. He proposed that the ability to repeatedly kill and also function as a seemingly normal person develops through the gradual evolution of three primary processes: the person 1) fantasizes scenarios for entertainment or self-comfort and 2) dissociates to avoid uncomfortable feelings and memories. He then 3) compartmentalizes so that he can be different people in different situations.

Carlisle thought that serial killers can present a public persona that appears to be “good” and also nurture a dark side that allows murderous fantasies free rein. Because they have painful memories from childhood abuse, disappointment, humiliation, frustration, or being bullied, they use fantasies to escape, comfort themselves, and even develop an alternate identity that feels more powerful or provides greater ego status.

After his final capture and the revelation that he was a cross-country serial killer, Bundy sought to prove his worth as a “scientific specimen” to Supervisory Special Agent William Hagmaier, from the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit. Bundy revealed to him that serial murderers go through a developmental process, starting with an experimental period in which they make mistakes. As they get better at it, they also get better at masking their feelings about killing another human being. Bundy usually got drunk. This information added a mechanism to Carlisle’s theory.

Other researchers over the past decade have concluded that there are visible structural and functional impairments in antisocial, psychopathic, and repeatedly violent individuals. In particular, there is reduced activation in the amygdala, which deciphers emotion. However, collecting brain scans does not diminish the need for detailed biographical data. The development of violence is not linked to one factor or set of factors, but appears to be a complex process that involves an individual’s biological make-up, sociological influences, and perceptual context across developmental stages.

Those mental health experts who took the time to rake through the life stories of extreme offenders like Kürten, Speck, and Bundy provided not just information about these offenders but also useful ways to approach them. Lacassagne gave us a context and Berg extended Lacassagne’s ideas with a longer observation period in different domains. Reinhardt did the same, and added interviews with people who knew the offender, while Ziporyn was bold enough to propose an idea that would gain credibility only decades later. Carlisle used his limited interactions to compare with other extreme offenders to develop a useful theory about the double lives of serial killers.

Conclusion Collectively, psychologists and psychiatrists who have used their training and skills to probe the minds of these extreme criminals have retrieved important information about motives, pre-and post-crime behavior, fatal fantasies, mental rehearsal, compartmentalized personalities, and the role of mental disorders. Thus, it has become possible to isolate recurring conditions and factors. From the first person who believed that criminals had self-insight, to today’s advanced technological approach, much has been learned from extended, engaged professional listening about how and why some people commit shocking acts of violence.

Sources: Altman, J. & Ziporyn, M. (1967). Born to raise hell: The untold story of Richard Speck.

New York: Grove Press.

Artières, P. (2006). What criminals think about criminology. In Peter Becker and Richard F. Wetzell, eds., Criminals and Their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 363-375.

Berg, K. (1945). The sadist: An account of the crimes of serial killer Peter Kürten: A study in sadism. London: Heineman.

Carlisle, A. C. (2000). The dark side of the serial-killer personality. In Serial Killers, edited by Louis Gerdes. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press.

DeNevi, D. & Campbell, J. H. (2004). Into the minds of madmen: How the FBI Behavioral Science Unit revolutionized crime investigation. Amherst, NY: Prometheus.

Kiehl, K. A. & Buckholtz, J.W. (2010). Inside the mind of a psychopath. Scientific American Mind. September/October.

Krafft-Ebing, R. v. (1879/1928). Psychopathia sexualis with especial reference to the antipathic sexual instinct: A medico-forensic study. Revised Edition. Philadelphia: Physicians and Surgeons.

Morrison, H. (204). My life among serial killers. New York: William Morrow.

Raine, A. & Sanmartin, J. eds. (2001). Violence and psychopathy. New York: Kluwer Academic.

Ramsland, K. (2012). The mind of a murderer. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.

Reinhardt, J. M. (1960). The murderous trail of Charles Starkweather. Springfield, Ilinois: Charles C. Thomas.

Starr, D. (2010). The killer of little shepherds. New York, NY: Knopf.

Neuropsychology Psychiatrist Helen Morrison performed a forensic evaluation on John Wayne Gacy, who in 1978 tortured, raped, and killed 33 young men.

She corresponded with him for 14 more years and accepted his claim that an alter persona was responsible for the murders. This persona allegedly “emerged” whenever Gacy was angry, so Morrison believed that Gacy was himself a victim. Upon Gacy’s execution, Morrison was ABOUT THE Author allowed to keep his brain for analysis. To her dismay, a pathologist found no structural abnormality.

Katherine Ramsland, PhD, CMI-V has published over 1,000 However, brain studies have grown more precise. During the late articles and 48 books, including The Mind of a 1980s, brain scans were used for analyzing the metabolic states of aggresMurderer (on which this article is based) and sively violent offenders, and by the next decade, scans were performed Inside the Minds of Serial Killers. Dr. Ramsland is to look for structural differences or brain damage. Dr. Adrian Raine, a professor of forensic psychology and criminal at the University of Pennsylvania, used positron emission tomography justice at DeSales University in Pennsylvania and (PET) to compare the brains of 41 murderers to 41 matched controls. has been a member of the American College of In violent individuals, he found deficits in several areas.

Forensic Examiners Institute since 1998.

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

19

BOOK REVIEW

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ES22 Tucson ☀ ArizonA

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Winter M 2013 o THE t I FORENSIC v A t E EXAMINER®

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2014 ExECUTIVE SUMMIT The Executive Summit is an extraordinary, multidisciplinary event that brings together professionals from the forensics, homeland security, psychotherapy, and integrative medicine disciplines with the common goal of furthering education. Attendees have the unique opportunity to network with others in their immediate discipline, as well as be exposed to professionals with whom they may not normally come in contact. The Executive Summit facilitates connections and contacts that otherwise may not be made. Presentation sessions cover a variety of topics, are led by top industry leaders, including past speakers Dr. Cyril Wecht, Dr. Henry Lee, Dr. Nick Cummings, Phylis Canion, Tom Ridge, and many others, and offer valuable continuing education credits.

This event is hosted by the American College of Forensic Examiners InstituteSM, The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security, CHS速, the American Psychotherapy Association速, and the American Association of Integrative Medicine速.

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THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速 Winter 2013

ES22 Tucson ☀ ArizonA

Schedule at a Glance Wednesday, May 7 Registration 12:30 pm –7:30 pm Exhibits Open 12:30 pm–5:30 pm Opening General Session 3:00 pm – 5:00 pm Networking Welcome Reception 5:15 pm – 7:15 pm Charity Trivia Event 7:30 pm– 9:30 pm Star Guides 7:30 pm– 10:00 pm

Thursday, May 8 Breakfast 6:45 am– 8:00 am Registration 6:45 am– 6:15 pm Breakout Sessions 8:00 am –9:30 am Networking Break 9:30 am –9:45 am Breakout Sessions 9:45 am –11:15 am Lunch (Provided) 11:15 am –12:45 pm Breakout Sessions 12:45 pm–2:15 pm Networking Break 2:15 pm –2:30 pm Breakout Sessions 2:30 pm – 4:00 pm Networking Break 4:00 pm – 4:15 pm Breakout Sessions 4:15 pm – 5:45 pm Pre-Banquet Reception 6:00 pm– 6:30 pm Banquet and Entertainment 6:30 pm– 8:00 pm

Friday, May 9 Breakfast 6:45 am– 8:00 am Registration 6:45 am– 4:30 pm Breakout Sessions 8:00 am – 9:30 am Networking Break 9:30 am – 9:45 am Breakout Sessions 9:45 am – 11:15 am Lunch (Provided) 11:15 am –12:45 pm Breakout Sessions 12:45 pm – 2:15 pm Networking Break 2:15 pm – 2:30 pm Breakout Sessions 2:30 pm – 4:00 pm

800.423.9737 ☀ www.theExecutivesummit.net