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Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background Since November 2007 to April 2011, Operation Wallacea Trust (OWT) has been supporting the implementation of an environmental pilot-project – commonly quoted as ‘PNPM-Green’ – under the Government of Indonesia’s (GOI) National Program for Community Empowerment in Rural Areas (Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat–PNPM-Rural). The PNPM-Green is a pilot program within PNPM - Rural that aimed at developing and integrating a sustainable natural resources management (NRM) strategy into the PNPM-Rural. The development objective of PNPM-Green is that rural communities in target locations benefit from improved NRM and use of renewable energy (RE) technology. Operationally, PNPM-Green follows the same communitydriven development (CDD) approach as PNPM-Rural - block grants are disbursed from the national/state budget at the sub-district level to finance local development activities that have been selected by communities through a gender-inclusive, competitive, participatory process. PNPMGreen differs from PNPM-Rural in that it is currently only active in selected locations within 10 target provinces, and the block grants disbursed are specifically earmarked to support community investments in ‘green sub-projects’– an environmentally supportive activities focused on NRM, conservation, and RE. Additionally, PNPM-Green finances supplemental technical assistance for its beneficiaries, delivered through GOI-contracted consultants/facilitators and through Civil Society Organization (CSO). The pilot has initially been developed in Sulawesi (2008) and supported by CIDA, and since 2009, the pilots have been expanded to Sumatera, following the support by three other donors: from the Netherlands, Denmark, and Australia. OWT is a (CSO has agreement with the World Bank to support the implementation of PNPMGreen project in SE-Sulawesi Province (2007- to date). Since March 2010, OWT has had agreement with the Danish Embassy to support catchment rehabilitation campaigns in the upper catchments of Micro-hydro Power (MHP) construction sites funded by PNPM-Green in Mamasa and Luwu Utara Districts; ‘Capacity Building on Catchment Areas Management and Conservation to Sustain MHP schemes’ (1.MRD.16-3). Measures such as community-enforced catchment area management and protection are essential for sustaining water flow to ensure the operation of MHP schemes. Improved natural resources management (NRM) practices will also provide other benefits and services to the participating communities including reducing soil erosion and increasing rainfall retention etc. Since April 2010, with fund support of the Danish Embassy (Danida), OWT has delivered trainings, awareness rising and technical assistance, and facilitated the development of village nursery and catchment areas planting campaigns. Project duration in Sulawesi was one year (March 2010 – February 2011). Full intervention (training, awareness raising, technical assistance and facilitation were provided for 6 village models, 5 villages in Mamasa (Tawalian Timur, Orobua Selatan, Mambuliling, Salomo Kanan and Salutambun Barat) and 1 village in Luwu Utara (Tulak Talu). Training on catchment area management was delivered to all PNPM-Green facilitators in Sulawesi and (Green) PNPM actors at (sub) district and village level in Mamasa and Luwu Utara Districts.
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Since March 2011, we started working in Agam District, West Sumatera Province. Intensive facilitation has been conducted in the following area: (a) Nagari Salareh Aia1, Palembayan SubDistrict; (b) Nagari Pagadih, Palupuh Sub-District and (c) Nagari Malalak Selatan, Malalak Sub District. Subsequently to the previous activity during the first year in Mamasa and Luwu Utara District of West Sulawesi Province, activities in Agam District (West Sumatera Province) also include the following activities: training, awareness raising, technical assistance and facilitation. These activities have received a very good response from the community, PNPM-Green consultants, the nagari administration, as well as the sub-district and district government. However, the activities in West Sulawesi Province only focusing on PLTMH, while in West Sumatera Province the PLTMH activity is included as one of the activities in PNPM-Green. Therefore, on the field level, OWT has also taken part in conducting trainings and technical assistance for several NRM activities (i.e. developing nursery, planting, and bokashi-making) and RE (i.e. building installation for making biogas) that is included in PNPM-Green programs in Agam District during 2010-2011. The report is outlined our activities in West Sumatera from March 2011 – February 2012.
1
Nagari is a customary defined administrative area boundary inherited by Minangkabau (the dominant ethnic group in West-Sumatra Province) geo-political structure (Langgam). ‘Nagari’ is equal to ‘desa’ (village), but the administrative area is normally larger than desa, the area size and population of one nagari may be equal to 2-5 villages (big village), the Area of Nagari Salareh Aia (16,000 ha). The New Order era had nationalized indigenous and diverse village governance systems which were already in existence before 1945, among others, the nagari system in Minangkabau was changed into ‘desa’ (Law No. 5/1979). In the decentralization era, after promulgation of Law No. 22/1999 on local governance, West Sumatra Province enacted Law No 9/2000 which reverts from ‘desa’ into indigenous ‘nagari’ governance system. One Nagari is composed of several Jorong (sub-village).
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II. General Conditions of Project Site 2.1. General Conditions Agam District lies between 0 01'34'' - 0 28'43'' South and 99 46'39'' – 100 32'50'' East, extends from mountainous upland into coastal areas. The altitude ranges from 0 – 2,891 m above sea level. It is a typical volcanic landscape in the tropics; many areas in the District have beautiful scenery and comfortable weather conditions. Temperature ranges from cool to warm in the lowland areas. The District is located in the western part of the Bukit Barisan Mountain range. The geology is volcanic in origin, dominated by Andosols, a typical fertile soil developed on recent volcanic deposits. Water resources are abundant with low turbidity (suspended-load) due to the stable substrate. Lake Maninjau, one of the largest lakes in West-Sumatera, is located in the District. Annual rainfall ranges from 2,500 – 3,000 mm. The natural vegetation is rain forest (now degraded in most places) and dominated by suren (Toona sureni). The dominant population is the Minangkabau ethnic group and is mostly Moslem. The main source of income of local community is from irrigated rice farming; farmers also plant coffee, cocoa, rubber, Cassia vera (Cinnamomum burmanii/kayu manis2), and gambir (Ucaria gambir Roxb.) in the rain-fed land. Oil-palm plantations have started to dominate land-use in the lowland area.
2.2. Identified environmental problems In the last decades, rapid land cover changes (deforestation) have occurred in Sumatera, leading to frequent environmental disasters and human-wildlife conflicts. For West Sumatera, natural forest and other traditional land-use (agroforestry) conversion to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and gambir (Ucaria gambir Roxb.) have been significant, compared to conversion to other land-uses (such as industrial forest estate, rubber and Cassia vera/kayu manis plantations) which are common in the neighboring provinces (Jambi, Riau, Bengkulu Provinces). Both species are tolerant in a wide range of soil types, as long as it is well watered. Conversion of tropical forest to oil palm occurs in the lowland areas, while gambir is mostly planted in the upland areas. Both have contributed to rapid deforestation, biodiversity-loss, forest fires, carbon emissions, water yield reduction and loss of landscape aesthetics. 2.2.1. Uncontrolled smallholder Gambir plantation development in the upland area Gambir is a light demanding shrub plant of the Rubiaceae family which grows well between altitudes from 300 – 800 m asl. The extracted leaves and branches produce tanin, catechin and pyrocatechol. Gambir is used as a raw material for products ranging from medicine, food, cosmetics, and textiles to leather processing industries. This is a product specific to West Sumatera Province that around 80% of the world demand is met by the province with destination countries being: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, France, and Switzerland. The development of gambir plantations in Agam District is very destructive to the environment. 2
Cinnamomum burmanii is native to Southeast Asia. This species has aromatic oils in its leaves and bark. Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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Most of the smallholder gambir plantations are established through slash and burn of the remaining natural forest in the hilly terrain. Gambir is high water and nutrient demanding while there have been lacking of soil and water conservation measures or actions to maintain and restore soil fertility. After 3-5 years, the plantation becomes unproductive and new forest is cut to open more plantation areas. Such bad practices are common in several areas and dramatically degrading landscape aesthetics as well as the ‘sponge effects’ of mountain forest. The rate of deforestation is strongly correlated with the market price. 2.2.2. Uncontrolled smallholder oil palm plantation development in the upland area Since 2005, Indonesia has been the world’s largest and most rapidly growing source of palm oil. Its wet tropical climate provides ideal growing conditions for the palm. Land is abundant and labor is cheap. Most oil palm production in Indonesia comes from Sumatera, but it is expanding rapidly in Kalimantan and spreading further east to Papua. So far, it is still debatable whether oil palm provides a valuable route to sustainable development or a costly road to environmental degradation. Oil palm development involves many tradeoffs. Oil palm is often a major driver of economic growth and a source of alternative fuel, but it also threatens traditional livelihoods and the rich biological diversity; it destroys the landscape beauty and increases global carbon emissions. The boom of oil palm in West Sumatera has attracted upland community to plant oil palm, without caring to the suitability rate of the land for oil palm. As results, many sloping areas in the upland area have been converted into smallholder oil palm plantation at the expense of forest and agroforestry land use. 2.2.3. Downstream Hydrological Effects The downstream effects of gambir and upland oil palm plantations have been obvious, flooding in the lowland areas is common, inundated rice field and fish ponds, while during the dry season, many of the rice field and fish ponds dry-up due to lack of water supply. The dramatic hydrological changes are compounded by the steep river gradients and the relatively short distances between upstream and downstream areas in West Sumatera.
2.3. Main causes of the problems 2.3.1. Lack of awareness on NRM and Financial Investment Most farmers are not aware that oil palm development needs high input and maintenance cost, while not all types of land are suitable for the plantation. Farmers are also weak on farm investment analysis leading to sub-optimal decisions on land management. The most common excuse to cut forest for oil palm is because their ‘neighbours’ do so, because big plantation companies in the lowland areas gains huge benefits from oil palm, unfortunately, local community have poor awareness on the difference soil and landscape characteristics, the difference management intensity and financial conditions between large scale company and smallholder farmers..
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The absence of soil and water conservation measures on rainfed (sloping land) agriculture has led to high farming investment. Farmers needlessly waste precious domestic and natural resources, such as cutting and burning pristine forest and abandon their unproductive farms. Shifting cultivation still occurs in Agam District (for gambir plantation), due to the absence of simple soil and water conservation measures, such as building simple terraces or soil pits for controlling soil loss. Farmers are not aware on the rich organic material source from rice fields to replenish their rainfed land fertility. 2.3.2.. Village Level: Poor NRM governance and capacity in development planning The rampant environmental degradation at village level, such as uncontrolled deforestation, building housing areas or cultivating annual crops on extreme slope terrain, strongly indicates the poor NRM governance at village level. Based on Government Regulation No. 72/2006 on Village Administration and Law No 32/2009 on local Governance, the ‘village’ as the smallest unit of autonomous administration has right to decide their own provision. The village has the right to define: (a) Village Regulations; (b) village development budget and (c) collaboration with third parties (business companies, other villages etc.). In many cases, the village is lacking independence due to weak NRM governance. As a result, village natural resources (NR) have suffered from the exploitation by outsiders. The hierarchy of bottom-up development planning, from Musrenbang Kecamatan (Development planning consultative meeting at sub-district level) to Musrenbang Kabupaten (Development planning consultative meeting at district level) often fail to incorporate development ideas (proposals) from bottom (village) level, while the village development planning document is often unclear and not well-prepared. As a result, district development planning is often developed on the basis of District Agency’s (SKPD3) set up rather than being the compilation of village development planning assembled through Musrenbang Kecamatan and Kabupaten. Consequently, village developments often failed to address the real needs of local community or improving local community livelihoods and environment. Since 2010, PNPM-Green has been promoting the formulation of RPJM-Desa (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah), Medium-term (5 years) village development planning. Since 2011 all development support at village level should refer to such documents. At this moment, the quality of those documents are still poor: (a) Not well-prepared; (b) the development ideas are dominantly suggested from village elite’s initiatives; (c) Much emphasis on infrastructure development; and (d) village development planning is based on administrative, rather than catchment boundary unit. 2.3.3. (Sub) District Level: Poor NRM governance and capacity in development planning The success of decentralization depends upon the availability of proper institutions and qualified human resources in implementing all aspects of decentralization, as well as other supporting factors, such as infrastructure, technology, information access, personnel, and institutional capacity. Many newly proliferated districts, after decentralization in 20014, have insufficient 3 4
SKPD: Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah, technical agencies at district level. Based on the issuance of Act No. 22 of 1999 (local governance), which come into effect on 1 January 2001. Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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human resources capacity. They often lack a simple map as a basis for NRM planning. As a result, the NRM of different sectors often overlap. There are still problems in the implementation of forestry decentralization, which have led to uncontrolled forest logging after decentralization. A few months after the issuance of Act No. 22/1999, Forestry Act No. 41/1999 was passed. The implementation of these two acts has created problems for the parties responsible for managing the forest and forest resources. Problems are particularly severe between the central government (Ministry of Forestry) and local (district) government agencies because of differing interpretations of the term decentralization. This has led to misinterpretations when identifying responsible actors in forest management at district level. Therefore, distribution of authority and roles has become an area of conflict among the parties concerned. In addition, problems have emerged due to lacking of transparency and accountability in managing and maintaining forest resources as a life-support system, rather than as a source of timber only. Misperception regarding the implementation of decentralization in forestry sector at district level in many areas was mainly caused by the local government administrators’ short-term orientation: five years. As a result, the forest is perceived as a source of timber that generates local revenues. Timber-cutting licenses are issued locally without sufficient regard for sustainability principles, leading to rapid deforestation.
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Chapter III
Project Start-up and Initial Facilitations Project start-up in Agam District is composed of the following activities:
3.1. Selection of MHP catchment model and technical assistance The survey was conducted during February to March 2011 in West Sumatera, Agam District. We selected three MHP catchment models, i.e. (1) Nagari Salareh Aia, Palembayan Sub-District; (2) Nagari Pagadih, Palupuh Sub District and (3) Nagari Malalak Selatan, Malalak Sub-District. We defined MHP catchment area in Nagari Salareh Aia (Sikabau Catchment Area) as catchment model meaning that the area receive full facilitation, training, awareness raising, intensive facilitation and technical assistances; while MHP catchment area in Nagari Pagadih (Pagadih Gadang Catchment Area) and Nagari Malalak Selatan (Malalak Catchment Area) receive training, technical assistance and limited facilitations. After catchment model selection, we conducted initial socialization to communities in designated areas. Table 3.1. Biophysical conditions of selected project sites No
Aspects Salareh Aia
1
- Rain fall (mm/year)
2
Nagari (Village) Pagadih
Malalak Selatan
2000-2500
2500-3000
2500-3000
- Altitude (asl)
148-380
900-1100
700-900
3
- Topography
flat-hilly
hilly
Surging-hilly
4
- Dominant Vegetation
5
- Soil depth
6
- Sub Watershed (DAS)
Suren (Toona sureni), Kayu Kayu manggis (Garcinia manis(Cinnamomum manis(Cinnamomum mangostana), pinang sp), suren (Toona sp), suren (Toona (Areca catechu), sureni) sureni) durian (Durio zibethinus), avocado (Persea Americana) deep deep medium Masang Kiri
Masang Kanan
Batang Naras
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3.2. Set-up OWT Field Office We have set up a field office in Nagari Salareh Aia. The site is located near the resident of Wali Nagari Salareh Aia. Many stakeholders have visited the office for discussions and consultations. The office, apart from serving as center of field management is also utilized as accommodation for OWT staffs. The office is equipped with: (a) training room with capacity for 30 persons; (c) computers and LCD projector; (b) training modules and (c) stock of various orthodox species. The following activities were conducted in the office during one year in Agam: (a) Fieldwork of DanidaRenewable Energy Training Workshop (April 2011); (b) TPK and UPK training for areas receiving MHP block-grant in Palembayan Sub-District; (c) Regular monthly coordination meetings with PNPM-Green actors; (d) Catchment Area Management consultation for SPL and Astal (PNPM-Green facilitators at district level) from all PNPM-Green target districts (8 July 2011); (e) showcases of environmental theme films (f) Meeting of Forestry and Farmers Group (g) Visitor call (Forestry Department, Central PMD, PNPM administrators at nagari and sub district, comparative study on biogas for people from Nagari Malalak, comparative study on nagari-based nursery for FKL and UPK of Pasaman District).
3.3. MHP Catchment Area Mapping We facilitated catchment area mapping in Nagari Salareh Aia involving key village staffs. This activity was aimed at: (a) training of village key staff on catchment area mapping; (b) delineating MHP catchment boundary; (c) mapping land cover condition; (d) mapping potential rehabilitation sites. This activity was conducted during April and May 2011. We delineated three catchment areas, i.e. (a) Batang Papo (2018 ha); (b) Batang Sikabau (5275 ha); and (c) Batang Sitalang (2665 ha). These mappings of area have produced four types of map in Nagari Salareh Aia, i.e.: (1) Map of Catchment boundaries, (2) Map of Altitude, (3) Map of Soil Type, and (4) Map of Land Unit. Samples of map types are presented in Figures 3.1- 3.4.
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Figure 3.1. Some catchment area boundaries in Nagari Salareh Aia Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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Figure 3.2. The altitude of some catchment areas in Nagari Salareh Aia Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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Figure 3.3. The soil type of some catchment areas in Nagari Salareh Aia Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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Figure 3.4. Land unit map in Nagari Salareh Aia Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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Chapter IV Project Socialization and Coordination We conducted project socialization and coordination with various parties and stakeholders prior to project implementation at field level. These activities were conducted from the provincial, district, sub district to village level through formal meetings and informal visits. The objectives were to introduce OWT roles on MHP catchment management capacity building and synergize activities with relevant agencies (Forestry and environmental agencies at district level). The benefits of the activities were: (a) We receive supports from government and private sectors; (b) Government and local communities being aware on OWT roles in PNPM-Green. 4.1 Province Level Socialization was initially conducted in conjunction with Danida-Renewable Energy Workshop held at the Hill Hotel, Bukittinggi on January 20, 2011. Follow-up coordination meeting was held on July 25, 2011 at Basco Hotel, Padang. The participants were composed of key government official at province and district level, Astal from West Sumatera Province and WCS staff. The topic discussions presented by Dr. Edi Purwanto included: (a) Watershed Management; (b) The need to conserve recharge area (daerah resapan) in West Sumatera; (c) Catchment rehabilitation strategy; (d) Progress and results of OWT facilitation in Agam District. The presentation received valuable response from participants, while most participants expected OWT technical assistance in all PNPM-Green target districts (not limited in Agam District). 4.2 District and sub-district level At the district level, socialization and coordination were carried out through various events; (a) Meeting with Head of BPMD (Rural Community Empowerment Agency), Head of Forestry Department at district level, and Head of Environment Agency on 23 March 2011; (b) Meeting with the Regent of Agam District on May 13, 2011. The Regent strongly supports planting campaign in Agam District while Forestry Agency provided 10,000 seedlings to Nagari Salareh Aia. On May 25, 2011, we facilitated socialization and coordination workshop at district level. The workshop was attended by key government official at (sub) district level, target nagari, province facilitator (SPL), district facilitator (Astal) and PT Agro Masang Perkasa (AMP). Socialization at sub-district level was conducted through several informal meetings with District PJO and Head of Sub-district.
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4.3 Nagari Level Table 4.1. Socialization at village level No
1
2
3
Location
Nagari Salareh Aia
Nagari Pagadih Nagari Malalak Selatan
Activities
Implementation Time Frame
Socialization with Wali Nagari, TPK and Key Village Champions (KVC) Socialization with MHP beneficiaries at Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan Socialization with Youth Group in Kayu Pasak Timur Socialization with Farmer fish breeder ‘Cahaya Tanjung’ Socialization with ‘Sejahtera Bersama’ Farmer Group at, Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur Socialization with nagari officials Socialization with ‘Alam Lestari’ Farmer Group at Jorong Koto Alam Socialization with TPK and KVC
24 January 2011
Socialization with nagari officials Socialization with TPK and KVC
Socialization with Nagari Government, TPK and communities
Number of Participants Male Female 8 1
24 March 2011
16
14
13 May 2011
14
7
15 May 2011
12
10
22 May 2011
16
4
6 May 2011 30 June 2011
13 9
2 16
22 January 2011
9
-
20 May 2011 23 January 2011
22 8
4 -
31 March 2011
12
1
4.4 Socialization and Coordination with PNPM-Green facilitators at province level Socialization and coordination was held during PNPM-Green Coordination meeting on 16 May 2011. This meeting was attended by provincial BPMD, SPL, Astal, Green-facilitators, WCS and OWT. On that meeting, OWT delivered the following topics: (a) flow of catchment management activities (Case study in West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi); (b) example of budget for catchment management rehabilitation.
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Chapter V Training and Technical Assistances 5.1. Catchment Management Training National Level Catchment management training national level was conducted for Sumatera region with participants from 4 provinces (West Sumatera, Bengkulu, North Sumatera, and Aceh) and Sulawesi region from 4 provinces (West Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, and Central Sulawesi) for consultant level (FKL, Astal, and SPL) and PJOK level (at district and sub-district level). Training for consultant level was conducted in a ‘Refresher Training’, while training for PJOK was conducted through ‘Training on Technical Assistance for Government Personnel’. In both trainings, OWT took part as resource person on Catchment Management topic.
A.
Refresher Training for Consultants
We provided training on catchment area management and rehabilitation on Sumatera PNPM-Green refresher training held on 8 October 2011 in Soechi Hotel, Medan. The second refresher training for Sulawesi PNPM-Green was conducted on 20 October 2011 in Malino Hotel, South Sulawesi. The topics of training materials discussed during the training were: Dr. Edi Purwanto: Definition of Watershed and Catchment Area Recharge Area and its implication on catchment area rehabilitation Forest watershed functions Vegetative rehabilitation Film “One catchment one management” Ujang S. Irawan, M.Si. : Plant growth factor Tree species selection for rehabilitation Seed collection and handling Nursery development Seedlings propagation technique Planting technique Plant maintenance technique Agarwood cultivation Rehabilitation for mangrove and coastal areas Good and Bad Practices on seedlings propagation and planting Film “Rehabilitation in Mamasa”
The participants were very enthusiastic to follow our lecture as our topic was directly related to their day-to-day work. We answered and suggested solutions to common technical problems encountered by Green facilitators.
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The proportion in deliberation of training materials were different between the Sumatera region and Sulawesi region. As for their first occasion, facilitators in Sumatera region were given lecture on CM by OWT in 2:1 ratio between theoretical and discussion session, while for facilitators in Sulawesi region have received 1:2 ratio between theoretical and discussion session after given the same material through previous refresher training in North Toraja in August 2010. Such setting provided more opportunity allowed for discussion with the participants. Topics of discussion including ‘steps on catchment management planning’, seedling propagation of wildings, seed handling and treatment, rehabilitation of mangrove and coastal area, species selection, and propagation of jabon (Antocephalus cadamba).
B. Training for r Government Officials Training or technical assistance for government officials was participated by PJOK of PNPMGreen from subdistrict and district level both for Sumatera and Sulawesi region. The training for Sumatera region was held on November 9, 2011 in Hotel Soechi Medan, while training for Sulawesi region was held on November 23, 2011 in Hotel Singgasana, Makassar. Several training materials discussed during the training were the following : (1) Film “One Catchment One Management”, (2) Film “Land Rehabilitation in Mamasa”, (3) Concept of Catchment Area Management, (4) Vegetative Rehabilitation, (5) Strategy on Seedlings Propagation and Catchment Rehabilitation, (6) OWT Experiences on Catchment Rehabilitation in West Sulawesi and West Sumatera. Personnel of PJOK were very enthusiastic during lecture presentation by OWT. We received many questions and requests from the participants to acquire copies of presentation materials as well as the films. During the discussion session, one of PJOK personnel from Mamasa District, Mr. Philipus, specifically requested OWT to continue deploying technical assistance in forest and land rehabilitation activities in Mamasa District.
C. Training for MHP Assistants of Sumatera and Sulawesi Region On 31st January 2012, OWT took part in delivering presentation materials on ‘Strategies and Sequences of Catchment Area Rehabilitation’ for Training of MHPAssistant in Sumatera and Sulawesi region that took place in Novotel Hotel, Bandung – West Java. The main objective of those presentations was to enhance ability of MHPassistants in the implementation of activities for rehabilitation of catchment area within their facilitation sites. The presentation materials to address the main objective were including (1) Concept of Catchment Management, (2) Mapping and Planning for CA Rehabilitation, (3) Budget Planning for CA Rehabilitation, (4) Strategy on Species Selection, (5) Seedlings Propagation, (6) Planting and Maintenance Technique, (7) Film “One Catchment One Management” and “Land Rehabilitation in Mamasa.
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D. Workshop on Renewable Energy OWT was invited as one of the speakers in the Workshop on Renewable Energy on November 2 nd 2011 at The Hills hotel in Bukittinggi. On this occasion OWT explained the experience in facilitating the implementation of activities related to renewable energy such as construction of biogas installation in SE Sulawesi Province and Agam District, and production of coconut shell charcoal briquette in SE Sulawesi. This workshop event was attended by Astal, SPL, PJOK District, and staff from Mining and Energy Department of the entire West Sumatera Province. Recapitulation of training activities at national level is presented as follows: Table 5.1. Summary of Training Conducted at National Level No
Training
Venue and Time
a. Refresher Training for PNPM-Green facilitators b. Training for Government officials
Hotel SoechiMedan, 8 October 2011 Hotel SoechiMedan, 9 November 2011
a. Refresher Training for PNPM-Green facilitators
Hotel MalinoSouth Sulawesi, 20 October 2011 Hotel SinggasanaSouth Sulawesi, 23 November 2011
1
2
b. Training for Government officials
3 Training for MHP Assistant
Training Materials Region of Sumatera - Concept of catchment management - Nursery and plantation - Concept of catchment management - Nursery and plantation
Region of Sulawesi - Concept of catchment management - Nursery and plantation -
Concept of catchment management Nursery and plantation
Region of Sumatera and Sulawesi Hotel Novotel - - Concept of catchment Bandung, 31 management January 2012 - Planning of CA Rehabilitation - Nursery and Planting
Participants
Number of participants
FKL, Astal, and SPL
77
PJOK of District and Sub-district
45
FKL, Astal, and SPL
47
PJOK of District and Sub-district
40
SPL PLTMH, MHP Assistants
35
Total
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5.2. Training at District Level On 16 November 2011, a Training of Trainers was held in Bukittinggi This training was attended by all PL and TPK of PNPM-Green activities recipient sites in Agam District, i.e. Palembayan Sub-district, Malalak Sub-district, and Pagadih Sub-district. The training emphasized on enhancing ability of participants, especially the PL of PNPM-Green, to become trainers or resource persons for activities related to CM in the future. It is expected that they will be able to provide explanation and practices in implementing CM activities particularly linked to rehabilitation of CA. Most participants of this training have attended previous training conducted by OWT in each of model sites, therefore this training is set to focus more on deepening the comprehension of PL on each topic and increase their ability in conducting training and technical assistance to targeted benefiaciaries and stakeholders in similar activities for the next year period. At district level OWT also presented results of implementation of CM activities in a workshop organized by PMD of Agam District in Parai Hotel on 6th December 2012. The event was attended by the Head and staff of PMD of Agam District, head of sub-districts, the Wali Nagari, PNPMGreen facilitators, PL, and TPK from entire Agam District. In addition to delivering result of CM implementation, OWT also deliver presentation about facilitation of PNPM-Green activities on biogas making. On this event, wali nagari(s) from other villages not included as location model, requested OWT to facilitate rehabilitation in their nagari regions. Correspondingly, the Head of the PMD requested that OWT technical assistance shall continue in order to complete a program run and provide real benefits.
5.3 Training at Sub-District Level
OWT provided trainings on rehabilitation of CA at the sub-district level in Palembayan and Malalak District. Trainings at sub-district level were attended TPK and community leaders from PNPM-Green and MHPprogram recipient villages in 2010 and 2011. Training in Malalak Subdistrict was held at the Sub-district Office on 21st July 2011 about seed propagation and cultivation techniques and on 2nd August 2011 on biogas making. In Palembayan Sub-district, the training was held on November 3, 2011 that specifically discussed about techniques for setting up nursery in nagari.
5.4 Training at Village (Nagari) Level OWT have delivered the following trainings: (a) Biogas Installation, (b) Mapping catchment area using GPS, (c) Seedlings Propagation and Nursery Establishment, (d) Catchment Area Rehabilitation Technique. These trainings were conducted at three sites, i.e.: Nagari Salareh Aia, Palembayan Sub District; Nagari Pagadih, Palupuh Sub District and Malalak Sub District.
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Table 5.2 Summary of Training Conducted at Nagari Level No
Training
1 a. Biogas Installation
b. Catchment area mapping using GPS
c. Catchment Rehabilitation Technique
Venue and Time
Training Materials
Participants
Palembayan Sub-District Nagari Salareh Introduction to Biogas Aia, 18 April Practical application on 2011 biogas installation Nagari Salareh Aia, 18 April 2011
Nagari Salareh Aia, 25-26 Juni 2011
d. Planting and Tree Maintenance
Nagari Salareh Aia, 27 November 2011
e. Planting and Tree Maintenance
Nagari Baringin, 3 December 2011
Mapping Concept Practical application operating GPS
in
-
Catchment area rehabilitation techniques Flow of activities on catchment area rehabilitation Village nursery development Practical application in Bokashi-making
-
Concept of Catchment Area Seedlings selection criteria for planting Planting technique Maintenance technique Practical application in planting Same as above
-
-
-
2 Catchment Rehabilitation Technique
Pagadih, June 2011
28
Palupuh Sub-District same as Training on catchment rehabilitation technique at Salareh Aia
-
Nagari Officials Farmer Group members Nagari Officials Farmer Group members Nagari Officials Farmer Group members PNPMGreen facilitators from Pasaman District Farmer Group of Kuto Alam Sub-Village
22
Farmer group of Nagari Baringin Nagari official
24
Nagari Officials Farmer Group members
33
Nagari Officials Farmer Group members Total
15
22
47
30
-
Bokashi making 3 Catchment Rehabilitation Technique
-
Number of participants
Nursery of Malalak Selatan, 6 December 2011
Malalak Sub-District Bokashi-making and vegetative propagation of durian
-
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5.5 Technical Facilitation on Budget Planning The allocation of fund is based on these principles (a) transparency; (b) addressing and accommodating the needs of a greater beneficiary targets; (c) targeted activities and achievements are compatible with the available resource; (d) Emphasis is given to the quality and not the quantity, while the rehabilitation area was not large, but providing the best practices and areas to learn from; (e) The available resources (budget) shall be spent in an efficient, effective, productive and sustainable way. The most ideal situation, OWT should have an access to control the proportion of budget (out of the BLM) set aside for catchment rehabilitation. Given it was beyond our domain or the budget allocation for catchment rehabilitation had been defined before our effective involvement in the project, then efforts were taken to facilitate the efficient use of available resources. The facilitation was conducted with Wali Nagari, TPK, Bamusna (Nagari Consultative Board), KVC and representatives of local community. Facilitation on budget planning for catchment rehabilitation was conducted in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih. The facilitation began with discussing step-by-step activities, and then followed with collecting ideas on the readily available local resource which can be easily provided by local community. The budget allocation should consider as much as possible to allow contribution of local resources and enable to sponsor some steps of catchment rehabilitation actions. The budget description was defined based on price standard used in Gerhan5. Table 5.3 Example of cost breakdown for nursery development, planting and maintenance of 10,000 seedlings (8 ha) at Nagari Salareh Aia (all in IDR) No
Budget Component
Amount
Unit
Cost per unit
Total Cost Fund Sources
A. Nursery Development 1
Bamboo
2
Seedlings growing bed (bedeng sapih) 1x 5 m2
3
Roof for germination bed
SS
4
Seed beds (bedeng tabur)
SS
5
Potting media (soil, compost)
SS
6
Nursery equipment
SS
7
Poly-bags and non-indigenous seeds
10,000
polybag
20
200,000
CMP
8
Loading soil to poly-bags
12,000
polybag
50
600,000
BG
9
Transplanting seedlings
12,000
seedling
25
300,000
BG
10
Nursery maintenance Pesticides (fungicide, insecticide, herbicide) and root growth hormone and other nursery provision
100,000
600,000
BG
536,200
BG
11
SS 24
bed
6
month
1
Package
20,000
480,000
BG
5
Gerakan National Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan/National Campaign for forest and land rehabilitation is a nation-wide catchment rehabilitation campaign run by national government from 2004-2008.
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Sub-total
2,716,200
17 %
B. Planting 1
Bamboo stakes (ajir)
2
Compost Land clearing and planting strips (6 mds/ha x 35,000 = 210,000) Planting strip and space (3 mds/ha x 35,000= 105,000)
3 4
12,000
5
Installing stakes (2 mds/ha x 35.000= 70,000) Planting holes and weeding surrounding the 6 hole (11 mds/ha x 35,000 =385,000) Transport of seedlings to planting holes (2 7 mds/ha x 35,000=70,000) Transporting compost to planting holes (3 8 mds/ha x 35,000=105,000) Planting of seedlings (6 mds/ha x 35.000 = 9 210,000) Sub-total
stake
50
600,000
BG SS
8
ha
8
ha
8
ha
8
210,000
1,680,000
BG
840,000
BG
70,000
560,000
BG
ha
385,000
3,080,000
BG
8
ha
70,000
560,000
BG
8
ha
105,000
840,000
BG
8
ha
210,000
1,680,000 9,840,000
105,000
BG 62%
C. Maintenance of the current year 1
Fertilizing (2 mds/ha x 35.000=70,000)
8
ha
70,000
560,000
BG
2 3
Replanting (2 mds/ha x 35.000=70,000)
8
ha
70,000
560,000
BG
8
ha
280,000
2,240,000
BG
Weeding/tillage (8 mds/ha x35.000= 280,000) 3,360,000 Sub-total Grand total (A+B+C)
21% 15,916,200
100%
Remarks: mds = man-days, CMP = Catchment Management Program, BG=Block-grant, SS = Self-Supporting (swadaya).
5.6 Technical Facilitation on Species Selection We facilitated activities for species selection involving local communities and nagari officials. Species selection was based on three aspects, namely: (a) environmental aspect (site suitability and soil and water conservation function); (b) social aspect (familiarity/well-known and easygrowing); (c) economic aspect (marketability). Based on growth rate and utilization, the selected species are sorted into three groups, i.e.: (a) high quality timber species, such as mahoni, suren, madang, kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii); (b) fast-growing species, among others are: sengon (Albizia falcataria), gmelina (Gmelina arborea), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and (c) multipurpose tree species such as: jack fruit (Arthocarpus heterophyllus), durian (Durio zibethinus), avocado (Persea Americana), and sirsak (Anona muricata).
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5.7 Technical Facilitation on Seed Collection Seed collection was set based on local and exotic species. Seeds of durian (Durio zibethinus), petai (Parkia speciosa), suren (Toona sureni), and avocado (Persea americana) were collected from local trees found throughout the villages. Mahoni (Swietenia mahagony), suren (Toona sureni), jati putih (Gmelina arborea), sengon (Albizia falcataria), and kayu Afrika were collected from forest seed sources in Java. Sirsak (Anona muricata) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) were not collected from forest seed source but collected from several different mother trees to increase genetic variation of the species. (See Table 5.4). Seed collecting was completed by OWT staff (Ujang S. Irawan and Andijarso), local tree climber (Pak Kamed), MoF staff (Pak Atep), KOICA Staff (Kusnadi), BIOTROP staff (Hoerudin). Seed of mahoni, sengon, and suren were collected by climbing the tree while other seeds were collected from fallen seeds under tree crown. List of location for seed collection from Seed Source in Java is presented below: Table 5.4 List of Seed Collection from Seed Source in Java No Species 1 Swietenia macrophylla 2 3
Gmelina arborea Paraserianthes falcataria
4 5 6 7 8
Maesopsis eminii Arthocarpus heterophyllus* Toona sureni Anona muricata* Anthocephalus cadamba
Location Carita (Banten Province) and Cianjur (West Java Province) Dramaga-Bogor Dramaga-Bogor and Kediri (East Java) Cisarua-Bogor Bogor Cisarua-Bogor Bogor Rumpin Bogor
Institution FORDA and Perhutani KPH Cianjur FORDA FORDA and Perhutani KPH Kediri PTPN VIII Bogor market PTPN VIII Bogor market Rumpin Seed Source and Nursery Center (RSSNC)
Note *: seeds were not collected from selected mother trees
5.8 Technical Assistance on Village Nurseries Development Technical assistance on nursery development was conducted in (a) Nagari Salareh Aia; (b) Nagari Pagadih and (c) Nagari Malalak Selatan. Technical assistance included: (a) selection of nursery sites; (b) establishment of germination beds; (c) growth media preparation; (d) nursery maintenance; (e) Bokashi-making shed; (f) rice husk charcoal making; (g) pest and disease controls, etc. We have facilitated the establishment and technical assistances on six village nurseries: (1) two nurseries in Nagari Salareh Aia: Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur (30,000 seedlings) and Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan/MHP Nursery (10,000 seedlings), (2) two nurseries in Nagari Pagadih: Jorong Pagadih Mudiak (10,000 seedlings) and Jorong Banio Baririk (30,000 seedlings); and two Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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nurseries in Malalak Sub-district: Jorong Nyiur, Nagari Malalak Selatan (15,000 seedlings) and Jorong Salimpuang, Nagari Malalak Utara (30,000 seedlings). Village Nursery in Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia was established to be a Central Training Nursery for village level in Agam District. Being the largest and purposefully located on a highly accessible location in Nagari Salareh Aia, this nursery already received visitors from district and sub-district government officials, students, PNPM-Green facilitators, and farmer groups. It is aimed at becoming: (a) learning center for Salareh Aia community and surrounding areas; (b) central nursery to develop perennial and annual crop seedlings; (c) demonstration site for organic fertilizer production. During facilitation by OWT, the village nursery has produced about 30,000 seedlings from generative propagation technique. The seedlings were divided into three tree groups: (1) High Quality Tree Species: suren, mahoni, kayu afrika, madang, Shorea selanica, (2) Fast-growing species: sengon, gmelina, jabon, (3) Multi-purpose tree species and fruit species: durian, jack fruit, avocado, mangosteen, sirsak (soursop), and gaharu (agarwood). The fruit species has a great potential to be developed using vegetative propagation (grafting technique) on the next period of technical assistances by OWT. Vegetative propagation will increase community interest on seedlings propagation and planting of such species because of (relatively) shorter time to yield (quicker benefit) if compare to generative propagation. At present, village nurseries, especially in Salareh Aia, have plenty of fruit seedlings that developed from generative propagation in previous year. These seedlings are potential rootstock for vegetative propagation using grafting technique with good quality of scion obtained from selected trees species in Nagari Salareh Aia. Some fruit seedlings could be propagated by grafting technique in Salareh Aia Village i.e.: durian (Durio zibethinus), jack fruit (Arthocarpus heterophyllus), sirsak (Anona muricata), avocado (Persea americana), and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana).
5.9 Technical Assistance on Biogas Installation Utilizing PNPM-Green block-grant funding (2010), we facilitated 11 biogas installations in Nagari Salareh Aia as well as its maintenance work., Such facilitation is not directly related to catchment area management business, however we purposefully operated the biogas project as an ‘entry point’ to catchment area management project in the Nagari. The support along with technical assistance in biogas installation was also carried out with PNPMGreen block-grant funding in 2011. Biogas installation were conducted in Jorong Sungai Taleh, Nagari Baringin, Palembayan Sub-district (14 units for 14 households) and in Jorong Salimpaung, Nagari Malalak Utara of Malalak Sub-district (7 units for 8 households). All the installed biogas are work well. From biogas-making activities, OWT has successfully acquiring cadres who are able to manage their own activities in biogas-making. Particularly in Palembayan Sub-district, the installation of Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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biogas plants was actively organized by those cadres (Penrizal, Richi, and Hery). On such situation, OWT functioned as quality control agent for biogas plants that were built by these cadres. While in Malalak, the management of biogas-making activities was still fully facilitated by OWT, as the TPK and PL are still learning the techniques. It is expected they will be equipped with self-sufficient skill in biogas-making in the near future.
5.10
Technical Assistant on Catchment Area Management
Understanding that facilitation on catchment area management is only provided by OWT and has been only taking place in Agam District, interested parties such as PNPM-Green facilitators (SPL, Astal, FKL) from all over West Sumatera Province (outside Agam District) were encouraged to have consultation with us. In respect to such interest, we also provided technical consultation for all -Green facilitators from outside Agam District. Two technical consultation have been organized: (1) Firstly in Padang (16 May 2011), it was appended during PNPM-Green Coordination meeting in West Sumatera Province; (2) secondly, as a follow-up to the first consultation, on 8 July 2011, we provided technical consultation at our office in Nagari Salareh Aia. In fact, Agam District is the only district in West Sumatra which has spent and implemented MHP catchment area rehabilitation campaigns. The situations are different for those districts outside Agam which do not receive OWT technical assistance. Those districts so far have not either spent and implemented MHP catchment rehabilitation campaigns for fiscal year 2010 and 2011. In response to the problems, we provided strategy to implement MHP catchment rehabilitation involving the roles of Astal, FKL and newly recruited MHP assistant.
5.11 Planting Campaigns Planting campaigns were conducted at district and village level. 1.
Planting Campaign at District Level
Planting campaign at district level was carried out along with the "Agam Planting Campaigns" activities on 29 November 2011 in Jorong Ngungun, Nagari Salareh Aia led by Regent of Agam (Mr. Indra Catri). Implementation of Agam Planting campaigns were held in collaboration with the Agam District Forestry Agency for the sake of celebration of Indonesian Tree Planting Day (HMPI). The event was attended by relevant agencies within Agam District, Head of Sub-districts, Wali Nagari, Farmer Groups from Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih, key village champions, pupils, and villages/nagari administrators.
The roles of OWT on Agam Planting campaigns were: (1) Facilitated preparation activities for Agam Planting campaigns, (2) Provided technical guidance for the community to prepare planting area, (3) Together with Agam District Forestry Agency provided seedlings for planting, (4) Mobilization of farmer groups in the planting campaigns (Nagari Salareh Aia: Jorong Ngungun, Kayu Pasak Timur, Koto Alam, Kayu Pasak Selatan; Nagari Pagadih), (5) Organized the ceremonial planting campaigns with Agam
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District Forestry Agency, (6) Exhibition on awareness materials produced by OWT, (7) Disseminated seedlings to exhibition visitors.
2.
Planting Campaign at Village Level
Implementation of planting activities at village level was held in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih in form of: (1) Establishment of Suren Seed Sources, (2) planting outside and ion MHP catchment area.
a.
Establishment of Suren Seed Sources It was established on 2 ha land and intended to provide seed-producing trees that can be used on various planting activities. At the early stages, the seeds of Suren (Toona sureni) was collected from several mother trees in Agam and Bogor. Planting was conducted in two villages, 1 ha was in Nagari Salareh Aia and 1 ha was in Nagari Pagadih. . a.
Planting Outside MHP Catchment Area
Planting in Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia was conducted by members of Forest Farmers Group (KTH) ‘Hijaulah Nagariku’in an area of 15 ha of community land. The planted tree species including: Suren, Mahoni, Jackfruit, Sengon, Gmelina, Avocado, Parcia sp. and Anona (Sirsak).
Planting activity in Nagari Pagadih was conducted on 6 ha community land, 1 Ha of village land and 1000 seedlings were planted along the main road sides of village The planted tree species are: Suren, Mahogany, Jackfruit, Maesopsis, Durian and Anona.
c. Planting in MHP Catchment Area It was conducted on: (1) 6.5 ha in Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan, Nagari Salareh Aia and (2) 6.5 Ha in Jorong Pagadih Mudik, Nagari Pagadih. Planted species are: Suren, Mahogany, Jackfruit and Sirsak. The planting in Malalak has not yet been implemented due to persistence problem regarding the location of MHP site.
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Chapter VI
Facilitation 6.1 Empowering Farmer Groups Catchment area conservation must be sustained, while village implementing unit of PNPM-Green (TPK) is an ad-hoc organization which only operating during the project. Therefore, establishment of village organization that is responsible for catchment area management and conservation. This can be conducted by either empowering the existing farmer group organization or developing new organization. The former is the case for Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan (Nagari Salareh Aia) and Nagari Pagadih, while the latter was conducted through facilitation for the establishment of new organization, i.e. established Forest Farmers group or Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) in Jorong Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia such as ‘KTH Hijaulah Nagariku’ on 26 July 2011. The roles of organizations including managing the establishment and maintenance of village nursery, conduct tree planting and maintenance of the planted seedlings. 6.2 OWT Interventions: Towards the ‘Green-Nagari’ Recognizing consequence of the situation and in order to mitigate the negative impacts on the ecosystems, and considering the listed observation points below: a.
b.
c.
d.
A rapid and uncontrolled environmental degradation that currently on-going in West Sumatera has been continuously disregarded while only very few people being aware of the potentially harmful consequences; The willingness of Agam District government to reverse this environmental degradation and restore the areas to their former ecological state is hampered by lack of knowledge and skills regarding good sustainable development practices. While having a strong social capital of their local communities in Nagari Salareh Aia (Palembayan Sub-District); Nagari Pagadih (Palupuh Sub-District) and Nagari Malalak Selatan (Malalak Sub-District), it also demanded technical assistance and intensive facilitation in order to address and reverse the ongoing environmental degradation; The presence of oil palm plantation company (PT AMP) in Nagari Salareh Aia, Agam District that is prepared to collaborate with OWT in improving natural resource management as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
We have focused our remedial facilitation actions on improving capacity of village government and champions to develop or promote ‘Green-Nagari’, which are, among others, composed of the following activities: (a) Awareness raising campaigns on ‘Green Nagari’ in Nagari Salareh Aia, Nagari Pagadih and Nagari Malalak. (b) Training on tree seedling propagation, organic fertilizer, organic pesticide and biogas installation in Nagari Salareh Aia, Nagari Pagadih and Nagari Malalak. (c) Facilitation on the establishment of Nagari and MHP nurseries in Nagari Salareh Aia, Nagari Pagadih and Nagari Malalak.
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(d) Facilitation and providing technical assistance on biogas installation, 14 units in Palembayan Sub-District (PNPM-Green 2010) and 7 units in Malalak Sub-districts (PNPM-Green 2011). (e) Facilitation on participatory mapping of MHP catchment areas in Nagari Salareh Aia and Nagari Pagadih (f) Facilitation on development of Green-RPJM Nagari model (Roads towards Green Nagari) in Nagari Salareh Aia. (g) Facilitation on development of Green-CSR of PT AMP (Oil Palm Plantation Company) for Nagari Salareh Aia (h) Facilitation on development of Nagari Pagadih Regulation on Forest Protection and Critical Land Rehabilitation. (i) Training on vegetative rehabilitation for Green Facilitators (SPL, Astal and FKL) of the entire PNPM-Green Pilot Districts in West Sumatera Province. (j) Mainstreaming of PNPM-Green smart practices in West Sumatera Province (k) Facilitation for Key Nagari Champions, Head of Sub-district (Camat), Wali Nagari and SKPD to attend environmental studies in SEAMEO Biotrop Bogor and Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park. 6.3 Facilitation on the Review of Green-RPJM Nagari Salareh Aia The aim of development planning stated in RPJM of Salareh Aia has been insufficiently addressed the environmental issues. This is evident from the sub-project proposals that mainly aimed at building physical facilities and infrastructures. Efforts were made to incorporate environmental issues on the existing RPJM nagari to become Green-RPJM. Some environmental issues have been incorporated on the existing RPJM-Nagari Salareh Aia, such as: (1) Protection of nagari forest and its water sources, (2) Rehabilitation of critical land, (3) Protection and conservation of biodiversity, (4) Management of catchment area, (5) Development of Eco-tourism, (6) Environmental education. Whereas for inter-nagari program are: (1) Restore environmental conditions on the basis on catchment area management (Masang Sianok Catchment Area, which covers Palupuh, Ampek Nagari and Palembayan Sub-districts), (2) Enhance the roles of PT AMP Plantation and PT PPR to support community development in Salareh Aia.
6.4. Facilitation on the formulation of Village Regulation OWT has facilitated the formulation of the Nagari Regulation in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih. Especially for Nagari Salareh Aia, the Nagari Regulations have ruled the following l matters: (1) Community forest management, including the administration of forest products and forest function, (2) Water Resources conservation, including springs and streams, (3) Biodiversity conservation, including the utilization of endangered species, (4) Mining regulation, (6) Waste Management, including household waste, market, and home industries, (7) Protection of vulnerable areas: sloping land, riparian areas, peatlands and irrigated rice field; (8) Promotion of relevant local wisdom such as agroforestry systems (Parak System), no fishing zone area, customary forest, promoting planting culture such as: compulsory of tree planting for couples before wedding, students entering to or graduating from a school, administration of land titles and other licenses issued by the village/nagari. Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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STEPS
CHECKLIST
Step 1 Identification of issues and stakeholders
Step 2 Identification of complementary towards basic Law and Regulation
OUTPUT
Identification of problems Identification of core problem Identification of stakeholders
List of problems List of Stakeholders Potential impacts of new village regulation
Inventory of relevant law ad organization Analyzing human resource ability Analysis on law enforcement
List of relevant Laws and regulations Human resource analysis Analysis of implementation from related regulations
Step 3 Drafting Village regulation
Formulating from general to detailed Standardized format The Dos and Don’ts Sanctions
Step 4 Organizing Public consultation
Invitation to all stakeholder Two-way communication Record all inputs
Step 5 Discussion at BPD
public and stakeholders consultations
Village regulation (Ready for ratification version)
Step 6 Socialization and Ratification of Village regulation
Socialization prior and after Ratification Invite all stakeholders
Village regulation after legalized by BPD and village head Socialization
Initial version of Village regulation
Final Village Regulation
Figure 6,1. Steps on facilitation of Village Regulation Formulation Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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6.5 Facilitation on Comparative Study We facilitated the visit of the Key Agam District PNPM-Green actors and stakeholders to conduct comparative study in Bogor from 21 to 22 December 2011. It was attended by 28 participants consisting of: Head of the PMD Agam District. Head of Agam District Forestry Agency, Head of Palembayan Sub-district, Head of Malalak Sub-district, Head of Palupuh Sub-district, PJOKab of Agam Districts, Wali Nagari from the three sub-districts and UPK. The knowledge and skill gained during the visit were: 1. Visit to SEAMEO-BIOTROP Bogor: Cultivation of Sorghum and its distillation process to produce ethanol, the use of the Magic Stove (Dr. Supriyanto), cultivation of Tiram mushroom (Ir. Kasno, MSc.), tissue culture (Mr. Samsul) and Agarwood (Ir. Jonner, M.Si.).
2. Visit to the Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park: Experience and lessons learned of the Gunung Gede National Park Management to harmonize various interests and to foster spirits of ownership of the National Park as Biosphere Reserve.
3. Visit to the office of Operation Wallacea Trust: Success story of OWT facilitation on PNPM-Green and MHP Catchment Area Management, the making of yoghurt.
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Chapter VII
Awareness-Raising The aim of awareness-raising activities is to make community: (1) aware on OWT roles in PNPMGreen; (2) understand the principle in catchment area management and the importance to manage NRM based on catchment area boundary; (3) aware on the role of vegetative rehabilitation on catchment area restoration; (4) aware on relevant activities to support the success of vegetative rehabilitation. We conducted awareness-raising through; (1) publication and video presentation followed with discussion; (2) Distributing awareness-raising materials, such as leaflets, banners, stickers and tshirts; (3) organizing activities, such as Suren seeds collection and PL camping. This chapter discusses activities related to awareness-raising for catchment area management and conservation. 7.1 Development and distribution of awareness-raising materials : OWT’s Logo and Motto “Bersama Masyarakat Melestarikan Alam” (Empowering Communities for Conservation). (2) Brochure : Generative propagation; Shoot cutting techniques; Agarwood propagation and inoculation techniques; Tree planting techniques; Biogas installation; Bokashi making; Coconut shell charcoal briquette and Tree Species Selection. (3) DVD : Giant Sponge of Indonesia; Mamasa Planting Campaigns; MHP for People; Vegetative propagation; One Catchment One Management; Agam Planting Campaign, Seedlings Propagation Technique, Water as Source of Life.. (4) T-Shirts : Two models, “ Menuju Desa Lestari Mandiri Energi” and “ Bersama Masyarakat Melestarikan Alam” (5) Banner : We have created 8 themes for standing banners and installed them in OWT office and village models’ office: (1) Training on catchment area rehabilitation; (2) flow chart of community based catchment area rehabilitation; (3) flow chart of generative propagation; (4) Flow Chart of tree planting campaigns; (5) Save forest to avoid drought; (6) Save forests to conserve water resource; (7) small seedlings, big benefits; (8) Save the future of children by planting trees. (1) Sticker
(6) Poster
: Save our catchment area as supporting life ecosystem from ridge to reef.
7.2. Activity based Awareness 7.2.1. Mother Tree Selection and Conservation There are some well-known fruit species in the project area, i.e. durian (Durio zibethinus), manggis (Garcinia mangostana), suren (Toona sureni), and madang (Litsea angulata). We facilitated local community in Nagari Salareh Aia to select and protect mother trees: (a) as seed supplier for tree nursery; (b) raising community awareness on protected mother trees; (c) preventing mother trees from being cut; (d) conservation of endangered species; In addition, we also provided description of selected mother trees to raise community awareness on the need to Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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protect the trees, such as: local name and botanical name, seed morphology, seed characteristics, seedling propagation techniques, light intensity, benefits, conservation status and silviculture techniques. Several tree species that were selected as mother trees in the village including; madang (1 tree), durian (10 trees), gaharu/Aquilaria malaccensis (3 trees), and mangosteen (10 trees). 7.2.2. Camping of PNPM cadres (PL) We provided lectures and practical application regarding catchment area management during the PNPM-Green camping activities held in Nagari Salareh Aia from 7- 9 July 2011. The camping participants include all PNPM-Rural and PNPM-Green cadres, facilitators and key village champions of Palembayan Sub-district.
7.2.3 Participated on PNPM-Rural Exhibition in Batusangkar
OWT participated in the environmental exhibition of PNPM-MP Camp Jamboree that was held on 17-20 November 2011 at the Pagaruyung Palace in Batusangkar, Tanah Datar District. On this exhibition event, OWT represented PNPM-Green program to exhibit the results of catchment management and NRM activities. Exhibition materials and displays including banners, brochures, seedlings (soursop, jackfruit, suren, gaharu, and mahogany), bokashi, biocharcoal, VCO, seeds samples of several tree species, and honey bee. The OWT booth was the only exhibition representing PNPM-Green of West Sumatera Province. We received many interested visitors including Governor of West Sumatera, Regent of Tanah Datar, Vice Regent of Sijunjung, Head of PMD West Sumatera Province, Head of PMD Tanah Datar District, PJOK of PNPM-LMP at provincial, district and subdistrict level, and facilitators for PNPM-MP and LMP. Several activities were carried out during the exhibition including: General explanation on PNPM-Green to the Governor of West Sumatera Detailed explanation on CA management for the Vice Regent of Sijunjung District and PJO of PNPM Green in West Sumatera Province Explanation on bokashi and briquette making to visitors Detailed explanation on inoculation technique of gaharu (agarwood) to visitors Donating of seedlings to the exhibitors at the end of the exhibition. This activity was the most attractive activity that many guests were very enthusiastic to receive their seedling (1500 seedlings) that they would use for planting on their land. These seedlings were acquired from the nursery in Nagari Salareh Aia (500 seedlings) and provided by Agam District Forestry Agency (1000 seedlings).
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Chapter VIII
Project Progress and Challenges 8.1 Analysis of Project Progress (March 2011 -February 2012) Table 8.1 Analysis of Project Progress No A
B
Activities
Achievement (%)
Results
A.1. Data Collection
100%
Biophysical and social condition, nursery sites, catchment area map, potential rehabilitation sites.
A.2. Selection of catchment Model
100%
Sikabau Catchment Area ( in Nagari Salareh Aia) as catchment model; while Pagadih Gadang and Malalak as catchment technical assistance.
A.3. Mother tree selection and protection
100%
We facilitated local community in Nagari Salareh Aia to select and map mother trees; (Durio zibethinus), manggis (Garcinia mangostana), suren (Toona sureni), and madang (Litsea angulata) as mother trees.
A.4. Mapping of catchment model
100%
We facilitated local community and key Nagari officials to map Sikabau catchment model using GPS
B.1. Socialization and coordination
100%
Socialization and coordination at province, district, sub-district and village level have been completed.
B.2. Environmental Awareness Materials
100%
All awareness materials, such as film, brochures, stickers, T-shirts, posters, and banners have been developed, installed and distributed.
B.3. Protection of mother trees
100%
We facilitated local community in Nagari Salareh Aia to protect mother trees; (Durio zibethinus), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), suren (Toona sureni), as mother trees.
B.4. Seeds collection
100%
We facilitated local community to collect seeds from local (mother) trees and certified seeds from outside areas.
Participatory Mapping
Awareness rising
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D
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B.5. Building village nursery
100%
We have facilitated the establishment of four village nurseries: (a) Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia; (b) Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan, Nagari Salareh Aia; (c) Jorong Pagadih, Nagari Pagadih; (d) Jorong Malalak, Nagari Malalak Selatan.
B.6. Technical assistance to maintain village nursery
100%
We provided technical assistance on the establishment of village nurseries and continuing with seedlings propagation and nursery maintenance at three villages model
B.7. Development of Village Seed Source
100%
We facilitated establishment of Village Seed Source of Suren at Pagadih and Salareh Aia.
B8. Village Arboretum
100%
We facilitated establishment of Village Arboretum at Pagadih
B.9. Facilitation on catchment area rehabilitation
100%
We facilitated rehabilitation of catchment area at Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan, Salareh Aia village (6.5 ha) and at Jorong Pagadih Mudiak, Pagadih village (6.5 ha)
B.5.3. Facilitation on Agam planting campaign
100%
Agam planting campaign “Agam Menanam” was conducted on 29 November 2011 at Jorong Ngungun, Salareh Aia village (2 ha)
100%
All materials have been provided to support each training activity
C.2 Training for Communities’ Leaders
100%
See Table 5.2
C.3 Training for PNPM-Green facilitators and actors
100%
See Section 5.1
C.4 Technical Assistance on catchment area model in West Sumatera Province
100%
See Section 5.10
100%
We facilitated establishment of Forest Farmer Group in Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia and strengthening existing farmer groups.
Training C.1 Training Materials Procurement
Collaboration on Natural Resource Management D.1 Facilitation on Establishment of farmer group of conservation/institutional strengthening of farmer group
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D.2. Facilitation on Development Village Regulation on Natural Resources management
E
80%
We facilitated development of village regulation on natural resource management focusing in Nagari Salareh Aia and has being replicated in nagari Pagadih. The village regulation is expected for ratification on April 2012.
Promotion E.1. Website Development
100 %
Website has been developed : www.owt.or.id
E.2. Promotion by media/workshop
100%
Workshop on Socialization of Catchment management program was conducted in Lubuk Basung, Agam District. Followed by “ Implementation of Catchment management in Agam District� was presented in Parai Hotel on 6 December 2011
E.3 ToT KVCs
100%
We delivered Training of Trainer on Catchment Rehabilitation for PL, TPK, and some village champions of Palembayan sub-district, Malalak, and Palupuh conducted in Bukittinggi on 16 November 2011.
8.2. Challenges Faced and Remedial actions Table 8.2. Challenges Faced and Remedial Actions No Problems 1.
Logging is still occurred in the protection forest and steep sloping areas
Remedial actions
- Planting campaigns of logged over area and bare land in steep slope area. - Promoting other source of fuel energy, such as biogas installation. - Awareness campaigns through farmer groups and forest farmers groups. - Facilitate the establishment of Village Regulation on environmental protection.
2.
Pig raids on village nursery
- Building bamboo fence and digging pit trap around the village nursery
3.
Lack of community skill on tree seedlings propagations
- Intensive facilitation and technical assistance
4.
Uncertain time of key species fruiting seasons
- Seeds collection of other tree species - Seeds collection during fruiting season - Collection of natural seedlings Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan
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Rapid land cover changes from natural forest into small-scale oil palm plantation
- Awareness rising on benefit and cost analysis of small-scale oil palm plantation - Introduction of rubber plantation as alternative for oil palm - Formulation of Village Regulation on Village Protection Areas.
6.
Uncontrolled smallholder Gambir plantation development in the upland area
- Awareness rising on benefit and cost Gambir smallholder plantation - Introduction of rubber plantation as alternative for Gambir - Formulation of Village Regulation on Village Protection Areas.
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Chapter IX Work Plan Table 9.1. Work Plan for Six Months (March – October 2012) No A A
B
Activities Catchment Management Planning a. Participatory Catchment Area Mapping using Visual Map/sketch MHP catchment area rehabilitation project of 2011, Palembayan Sub-district (4 villages), Agam District b. c. Facilitation on Budget Planning for Catchment Rehabilitation for MHP catchment area rehabilitation project of 2011, Palembayan Sub-District (4 villages), Agam District. d. Awareness raising B.1. Socialization and Coordination
March 2 1st n d
April 2nd
1st
1st
May 2nd
June 1st 2nd
1st
July 2nd
August 1st 2nd
B.2. Development of Awareness Materials B.3. Distribution, Installation and Extension C
Facilitation and Technical Assistances C.1 Facilitation Village Nursery development C.2 Seeds Collection C.3 Facilitation on nursery maintenance C.4 Facilitation on Catchment Rehabilitation Actions C.5 Technical assistance on the maintenance of village Seed Source in Salareh Aia and Pagadih
D
Training D.1 Training for Farmer groups and KVCs
E
Collaborative NRM
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D.1 Facilitation on establishment of Village Conservation Groups/strengthening of farmer groups D.2 Facilitation meetings to synergize CA management actions F
Promotion E.1. Develop website and update the content E.2. Promote the project in media/workshop E.3 ToT of KVCs
F
Reporting
Remarks:
General activities Activities in Agam District
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Chapter X Conclusions and Recommendations 10.1 Conclusions During one year of facilitation, the project activities have been well implemented in Agam District. As outlined in Chapter 8, targeted activities have been successfully completed. The project has received great responses and enthusiasm from local community and PNPM-Green actors and facilitator at district and province level. As for the case in Mamasa District, the project has successfully enhanced ‘green spirit’ to the MHP program in West Sumatera. Until February 2012, the major milestones of the project are: (1) Increased awareness and enhanced capacity building of local community and PNPM-Green facilitators and actors on catchment areas management in Agam District, (2) Enhanced the capacity of PNPM-Green facilitators and key stakeholders on catchment area management in Sumatra and Sulawesi; (3) Establishment of village nurseries and protection of mother trees in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih; (4) Supported the implementation of Indonesian Tree Planting Day in Agam District; (5) Supported PNPM-Rural exhibition in West Sumatra Province; (6) Promoted the concept and implementation of Green-Nagari in Agam District; (7) Rehabilitated critical lands within and outside MHP catchment areas in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih; (8) Facilitated the review of RPJM-Nagari in Salareh Aia; (9) Facilitated the formulation of Village regulations on NRM in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih; (10) Facilitated the comparative study of key PNPM-Green actors and stakeholders of Agam District in Bogor, West-Java. The presence of OWT in (West) Sumatera has provided significant contribution for the PNPMGreen implementation in Sumatra, especially through catchment area rehabilitation component. This has been proven by the great enthusiasm of PNPM-Green facilitators to OWT technical assistance. During the extension period (March – October 2012), we will facilitate the implementation of MHP catchment area rehabilitation of 4 villages (Nagari Salareh Aia, Nagari IV Koto Palembayan, Nagari Sipinang, and Nagari III Koto Silungkang) in Palembayan Sub-District (Agam District) which received MHP sub-projects for the fiscal year 2011. Apart from that, we will continue our facilitation on the maintenance of the nurseries and planted tree seedlings in two villages (Nagari Salareh Aia and Nagari Pagadih) receiving MHP catchment area for fiscal year 2010.
10.2. Recommendation Considering that Agam District is the only district in West Sumatra which has spent and implemented MHP catchment area rehabilitation campaigns while those which did not receive OWT facilitation have not either spent or implemented MHP catchment rehabilitation campaigns for fiscal year 2010 and 2011. To enforce MHP catchment area rehabilitation within PNPMGreen, we propose that all districts receiving MHP projects should have CSO facilitation.
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