This book was created by students of the fourth grade in Mrs. Bett's writing class. It involved the collaboration of students', families', and teachers' hard work throughout quarter two. It also included the work that students did as part of Multilingual REACH class at Thoreau Elementary School in Madison, Wisconsin. The information that students used to gather their information was from the book Native People of Wisconsin by Patty Loew. The languages that we have included represent the student authors of this book and their families. This book was edited and formatted by Ms. Clarahan, Multilingual REACH teacher. © Thoreau Elementary School, 2020. Thank you to the Thoreau School Endowment Fund and the Madison Public Library for their support of this project. Thank you to the following Nations for use of online language resources https://language.fcpotawatomi.com/book-1/ https://www.mohican.com/language/ http://brothertownindians.org/heritage/language/ https://www.uwgb.edu/dictionary/
Language Key Black - English Dark Green - Spanish Dark Cornflower - French Red - Oneida Orange - Hoocąk (Ho-Chunk Nation) Light Green - Ojibwe Dark Cyan - Potawatomi Dark Purple - Mohegan (Brothertown Tribe) Dark Magenta - Mohican (Stockbridge-Munsee)
Brothertown The Brothertown Indians are one of twelve tribes in Wisconsin and the only ones that could not get help from the United States. The Brothertown still remain strong even though the government will not help them. The Brothertown tribe work together, have remained strong through their troubles, and continue to be strong today without the help of the government. By: Raimer A.M. There are seven Indian Nations in the Brothertown tribe. Missionaries create the seven praying towns. The first town was in Charleston and it was in Rhode Island. There were five Nations located in Connecticut and their names are Groton, Farmington, Stonington, Niantic, and Mohegan. And the last Nation was named Montauk and they were located in New York. The Nation's children go to a special Indian school. The children learned a new life that could practice their own belief and lived together in Brotherhood. By: Adam O. The Brothertown became landless and had struggles with the government. Because of the Revolutionary War the Brothertown were forced to leave their land by the British. The Brothertown became friends with Oneida and joined their tribe. They lost their land because the greedy people made them sign a treaty. To make them happy again, the government told them to move out of New York to Wisconsin. Between 1831 and 1836, the Brothertown moved to Wisconsin and learned to make houses and farm with the non- Indians. The government removed all Indian Nations including the Brothertown. The Brothertown were scared and worried that their future will be to move and keep moving. The Brothertown chose to be Americans and they wanted their own land. They agreed that they will not move and not give up their land. And the government tricked them and said that the Brothertown would be able to keep their land, but the government said that you are no longer to be recognized by the government that they are an Indian Nation. Eventually, the Brothertown could not have the land because they could not pay the taxes on it. Now the Brothertown were homeless and had a difficult life from 1839-1999. The Indian Affairs Act allowed the Brothertown one more opportunity to be recognized by the government. They had to complete seven things to the government. The Brothertown were able to do all but one of the seven things. The congress eliminated the tribe and because of that they couldn’t be recognized. The Brothertown were very disappointed. By: Adam O.
The Brothertown are a strong tribe still today. The Brothertown are nearly landless. The Congress still does not recognize the Brothertown Nation, but they still work together for what they want. The Brothertown have a community center that has a small bingo hall. By: Raimer A.M. As you read, the Brothertown tribe work together, have remained strong through their troubles, continue to be strong today without the help of the United States. In understanding the history of the Brothertown, it is clear that they are a dependable tribe even though the government doesn’t see it. By: Raimer A.M.
Phrases in the Mohegan (Brothertown Tribe) language, translated into the languages of our class community
Yo mutah mutu nutah…wipi kutah. This heart is not mine, but yours. ~ Attributed to Sachem Uncas Ce coeur n’est pas le mien, mais le tien. - Attribué à Sachem Uncas Este corazón no es mio, pero es tuyo.~Atribuido a Sachem Uncas
Pawáwôk popowutáhuk pásawôtuk! Let’s bring the powwow drum. Apportez les tambours pow-wow. Traigamos los tambores de powwow. Language Key Black - English Dark Green - Spanish Dark Cornflower - French Dark Purple - Mohegan (Brothertown Tribe)
Oneida Did you know the Oneida lost 5 million acres of land or that the Oneida today have 16,567 tribe members? The Oneida lost a lot of land through the years but continued to fight for their rights. The Oneida are a fascinating tribe. They have many interesting beliefs, a rich past, and today are a thriving tribal Nation. By: Grant B. The Oneida had many traditions and beliefs about the way the world began, why moving to different villages was important and how they engaged in farming. The Oneida believed the world began after the tree of life was uprooted and Sky Woman fell into the earth. Then, six swans rescued Sky Woman and then she created mother earth. Another tradition is the Oneida moved villages. Every time they moved they placed an upright stone. The Oneida engaged in farming using the slash and burn method by burning underbrush. They also farmed beans,squash,and corn. By: Brandon M. The tribal history of the Oneida includes meeting Europeans in New York, helping fight the Revolutionary War and moving to Wisconsin. When they met the Europeans they got infected with smallpox and they could not fight the disease. Many tribe members died. The Oneida helped in the Revolutionary War by storing food and other jobs for the Americans. But after the war the Oneida did not get land. The Oneida moved to Wisconsin and lost their land in New York and then they had to live in Green Bay. By: Grant B. Life today for the Oneida includes owning casinos, having many businesses and providing public health services for the Oneida people. Near Green Bay the Oneida built casinos. They use money from the casinos to build businesses like greenhouses. Solar energy is really important to Oneida. They also built hospitals, museums, and libraries. By: Sophia E. In conclusion, the Oneida are a fascinating tribe. They have many interesting beliefs, a rich past, and today they are a thriving tribe. The Oneida moved a lot during their history, but now they are settled in Wisconsin doing well and thriving. By: Brandon M.
Words in the ​Oneida language, translated into the languages of our class community
Onyoteaka People of the Standing Stone Les Habitants de la Pierre Debout Gente de la Piedra Parada
Haudenosaunee People of the Longhouse Les Habitants de la Cabane Gente de la cabana Language Key Black - English Dark Green - Spanish Dark Cornflower - French Red - Oneida
Ojibwe The Ojibwe boil maple sap from the maple tree over a fire to make maple sugar. The Ojibwe have many things they like to do containing the food they eat and the things they have created and gone through. Ojibwe is a Nation of many Traditions, went through many obstacles, and contributed to Wisconsin still today. By: Maya W. The Ojibwe traditions consisted of doing something different in each season, having clans, and harvesting wild rice. The seasons were important to the Ojibwe tribe because they did different things depending on each season. For example when it was summer the Ojibwe men fished and hunted, while the Ojibwe women gathered plant foods and tented gardens of corn, beans, squash and potatoes. During the wintertime, the women made clothes for their entire families. Ojibwe men hunted White tail deer, trapped Beavers, Otters ,and other animals. Wild rice is important to the Ojibwe because it reminds them of the traditional story about their ancestors following the sacred shell to the place where “food grows on water.” The Ojibwe also have clans who are important. The Ojibwe had seven clans - Crane, Loon, Fish, Bear, Marten, Deer and Bird all of the clans represent a role or specialty. Some examples are the Deer clan provided poets, Bird provided spiritual leaders, The crane and loon were leaders. The Marten clan provided and produced warriors and protectors for their village. Lastly harvesting wild rice is important to the Ojibwe Nation. In late summer all Ojibwe families had prepared the wild rice by tying up bundles of rice stalks together. Next they would shake the stalks. Then, they gather the rice on shore. Two people spread the rice all over woven mats. After that, they leave it for a couple of days or so to dry, before roasting it or parching it. Finally, to loosen the rice from the kernel men or boys wearing clean moccasins would do a Rice Dance. By: Maya W. In Ojibwe Nation’s history they met the French, fought the five Nations with the French and gave up land. In the early 1600’s the Ojibwe met the French and welcomed them into their homes. The Ojibwe enjoyed their time with the French. With the French, they fought the five Nations. Then the Jesuit came to Madeline Island, which was a trading post, to make the Ojibwe become Christian. Some did become Christian. That divided the Ojibwe Nation into groups. Some stayed on Madeline Island. Those who did became members of the Red Cliff and Bad River bands. The Ojibwe left Lake Superior and moved closer and closer to where the Dakota lived. This made the Dakota very unhappy and Dakota fought against the Ojibwe many times. Then out of
the blue, the US government asked many Native American Nations to meet together at Prairie du Chien to have a “treaty of peace and friendship”. It turned out just to be a trick and the first step into the Ojibwe and other Native American Nations giving up a lot of sacred land. 41 Ojibwe leaders gathered at Prairie du Chien signed the “Treaty” at Prairie du Chien. In the next treaties of 1837 and 1842, the US government pressured to give up lots of land. This land that the Government asked for was ⅔ of northern Wisconsin, central Minnesota and a lot of Michigain’s Upper Peninsula!!! In return for so much land, the US government just gave the Ojibwe trade goods and small annuities. Now the Ojibwe had very little amount of money. They were also very worried about their children. In 1842 and ‘47 they gained rights to hunt, fish and gather on land they gave to the Ojibwe. The US government promised to not remove the Ojibwe as long as they did not “misbehave”. This promise was not kept. In 1850 President Zachary Taylor ordered the Ojibwe’s 1850 immunities to be received in Sandy Beach, Minnesota, instead of much closer by Madeline Island, Wisconsin. 5,000 Ojibwe people walked to Sandy Beach, Minnesota instead of Madeline Island. 400 people in total died on the journey there and back. Then in 1852, Chief Buffalo met with President Millard Fillmore. Chief Buffalo told the president that the Government was not interested in Ojibwe land, just pine trees and minerals. He told the president the Ojibwe didn't know they had given up the land itself! The president understood and stopped the removal order that took the Ojibwe away from sacred land. 2 years later the Ojibwe gathered for the last time to talk treaties. Ojibwe wanted reservations so they could teach their culture to children and adults of all kinds. They also wanted to keep their rights of fishing, hunting and gathering on land they gave up. During these discussions they created the 4 reservations of the Ojibwe in Wisconsin. These were the Bad river , Lac Courte Oreilles, Lac Du Flambeau and Red cliff reservations. But they only had 275,00 of the Millions of acres of land they had before. The St. Croix and Mole Lake bands didn’t have land of their own for over 80 YEARS!! Then the US government tried to force the Ojibwe together into one big group. When they joined together, they forgot or replaced their traditions. It was hard to work with non- Native Americans. The US government tried to make the Ojibwe forget their traditions. Then the US government divided up the reservations. Each Ojibwe member got 80 acres of land. The Ojibwe agreed not to trade their land for 25 years. Then the Ojibwe lost half of their land that they lived on. The US government took Ojibwe kids from their homes and families and put them into boarding school, far away. They discouraged the kids from using their traditions and culture. They couldn't even speak their original languages. The schools did not provide a good education for the Ojibwe kids. But they survived the hard times. By: Sam S.
The Ojibwe are using their money to help Wisconsin and do programs. Starting in the early 1990s, the Ojibwe started opening casinos on all of the clans reservations. A lot of them have grown since. In 2002, the Bad River band improved their gas station and grocery store. They also opened a convention center next to their casino. In 2004, Mole Lake Ojibwe built a hotel next to their casino and opened a boys and girls club. In 2011, the Red Cliff band replaced their old casino with Legendary Waters, a very expensive resort. They also created Fog bay. The Ojibwe people use their money to the quality of their reservation. Programs have improved living conditions for the Ojibwe. All the bands have language classes. Also, they use their money to help their environment. The good acts that the Ojibwe have done make a brighter future for them. By: Carlos K. FInally, the Ojibwe Nation is based on three main topics, many rich traditions, history that lasted centuries and through terrible times, and they still live today. Now, after all this, you see how much they had to deal with the Europeans. For example, the Europeans changed the Ojibwe’s name, they lost a lot of land, and met the French. By: Carlos K. Words in the Ojibwe language, translated into the languages of our class community
Pahquahwong Where the river is wide Là où la rivière est large Donde el río es ancho
manoomin Food that grows on water (wild rice) La nourriture qui pousse dans l’eau (le riz sauvage) Comida que crece en el agua (arroz salvaje) Language Key Black - English Dark Green - Spanish Dark Cornflower - French Light Green - Ojibwe
Potawatomi What was life for the Potawatomi like? How did the arrival of Europeans change the Potawatomi way of life?What happen to the Tribe home lands?All these questions tells you how unique the Potawatomi Tribe is.The Potawatomi became over many obstacles and had hard times.In this you will learn many things that happened back then .First thing that you will learn in this first paragraph is about how the seasons are important to the Potawatomi Tribe.The second thing that you will learn is how they overcame many obstacles.The third thing that you will learn is about life about today and that is what you are going to learn if you read these paragraphs. By: Lesly M. G. The seasons are a very important part of the Potawatomi’s traditions. In the summer the Potawatomi people live in forests near rivers to be close to water. In the fall the Potawatomi women and children collected food for the winter such as: nuts,berries and fruit. In the winter the potawatomi moved their wigwams to smaller camps so they can keep warm on cold winter nights. In the spring the Potawatomi tribes collected maple sap to make maple syrup and maple candies. By: Rachel M. What is the history of the Potawatomi Nation? Well let me tell you what it is.In this paragrah you will learn how they lost land and in the early days. The Potawatomi bought 320 acres of land and got all of it in 1913. The Potawatomi farmers planted corn, beans and squash in the land they bought. They made a dozen of village and settle on we now know as Lake Michigan. The Potawatomi Tribe live in the Nation that now it is called washington and on the rock Island. Well the Potawatomi met Nicolet or what we know as green bay. The Tribe was having some trade between the French and the great lake Tribes. Then the Potawatomi were beging to be enemies of the Five Nations then they wanted to get fur from the Lake Michigan area to the french.They filled their canoes with furs.Then travelers river past Five Nations Warriors but the Five Nations tried to stop the Potawatomi Tribe at the River. They were armed mostly with bows but the Five Nations had guns and arrows too. Eventually the Five Nation signed a peace with the French and settled in Ohio and Northern Illinois. They peacefully traded with the French and many French traders married many Potawatomi women during those times and even during the British and Indian War the Potawatomi supported the French. The British was taking over of the Potawatomi land.The Indian try to drive out the British but they failed the British learned a valuable lesson.Some Indians joined a side and that side lost the War. Then they joined the British side in the War so they would not have
lost the War in 1812 but they were forst to give up land that was all of southern Michigan and a strip of land around the South end of Michigan.But the Potawatomi Tribe in the late 1820 they were forced to give up more land in the lead district but in the late 1830 President Andrew Jackson forced the Potawatomi to move to the Mississippi River to land West of the River and the Potawatomi had no home.But one Potawatomi Person got to stay in Michigan and other small group of Potawatomi move to Canada.But that group did not want to go to Canada.The rest of the Potawatomi now were the strolling Band because they needed to give up the last bit of land. But they never lost their Tribal Traditions and later they went back to some land back. They started to grow numbers and land and some people got well. So that is the history of the Potawatomi. By: Lesly M. G. Still, the Potawatomi people's beliefs are the same, health is more important than land. The Potawatomi are helping people and the earth. The Potawatomi have invested in the health and wellness. The Potawatomi believe strongly in the education and future of everyone. They support this belief by having schools and companies. They also spend a lot of money on the environment because they want the world to be a pleasant place to live. By: Vivian T. To end, the Potawatomi were very close to their seasons, helped each other through challenging times and have kept their legacy till today. In these paragraphs the four questions stated in the beginning have been answered in the paragraphs above. The Potawatomi had a dream to help the earth and have kept that dream alive till today. By: Rachel M.
Words in the ​Potawatomi language, translated into the languages of our class community
Dapnen You pick it up Tu le ramasses Tu lo recoges
BgethwĂŠbnen You drop it Tu le laisses tomber Tu lo dejas caer Language Key Black - English Dark Green - Spanish Dark Cornflower - French Dark Cyan - Potawatomi
Ho-Chunk Why did the US government want the Ho-chunk to leave wisconsin? Where do members of the Ho-chunk live now? Why did the Ho-chunk keep coming back? The answer to these questions shows that the Ho-chunk are a strong tribe and they have many tribal traditions. And have overcome many obstacles. And still remain today. By: Michael P. The Ho-Chunk Nation lost their land because some non-Indians came to their land without any permission and the U.S government forced them to move. Then the Ho-Chunk started to live in Iowa and Minnesota for a while because the government forced them to move. Some Ho Chunk refused to leave their homelands. In time they returned to Wisconsin and are still okay. They still do some of the same stuff like hunting buffalos and doing festivals for their ancestors. Something else is that they split into three different groups,lastly the men used to hunt and the women would take care of the babies. By: Marco Dominick C. M. Generation after generation of Ho-chunk men hunted animals for meat and hides. The women collected plants and food and medicine in Wisconsin woods and meadows. Sometimes the Ho-chunk hunted for buffalo west of the Mississippi river. The tribe was farming their lands many years ago. They planted fields of corn, beans, and squash. The Ho-chunk appreciated the animals that they helped. The Ho-chunk came from moga shooch, or the banks. The Ho-chunk people farmed the most powerful tribe in the area. By: Janessa C. Today Ho-chunk has traditional feasts to celebrate the honor of many things including the creator. Today the annual tribal trust land has grown more than 4,250 acres. Today people still eat the food that the Ho-chunk ate. By: Sebastian V. As you’ve read, the Ho-Chunk have many tribal traditions and have overcame many obstacles, also they still remain today. And through all of the challenges they have faced, they have remain strong. By: Michael P.
Words in the Hoocąk language (Ho-Chunk Nation) translated into the languages of our class community
Hochungra People of the Sacred Language Les Habitants de la Langue Sacrée Gente de la Lengua Sagrada
Moga Shooch Red Banks Les Banques Rouges Los Bancos Rojos Language Key Black - English Dark Green - Spanish Dark Cornflower - French Orange - Hoocąk (Ho-Chunk Nation)
Stockbridge- Munsee “Muh-he-con-neok” fue el nombre que los Mohicanos se pusieron a ellos mismos y significa la gente de las aguas que nunca se paran. Como después de mudarse por diferentes estados decidieron mudarse y quedarse en Wisconsin desde 1820 hasta el presente. Los Stockbridge-Munsee siempre estaban peleando con los demás para que les crean, Stockbridge-Munsee eran muy ordenados, tenían muchas revoluciones con los Europeos y ahora están cuidando los bosques y parques. By: Daniela Sarai D. E. Los Mohicanos tienen líderes y casas específicas. Cada pueblo Mohicano tiene una persona que es el líder y la llaman sachem, las madres de los grupos y las personas consejeras. Los Mohicanos eran buenos comerciantes y buenos amigos con los holandeses. By: Daniela Sarai D. E. The history of the Mohicans included dealing with the Europeans, the war and the government.The Mohicans traded with the Europeans. The Eurpeans took the Mohicans stuff.The Mohicans fought with the Europeans and the Mohicans lost and they got sick. They got a new name, it was Stockbridge. The Europeans told Stockbridge to change their life to be more like non-Indians.The non-Indians kicked the Mohicans out of their land. The Mohicans helped the Americans to fight in the Revolutionary War but a lot of Mohicans died. Non-Indians took the Mohicans’ land so they had nowhere to live. The Mohicans went to New York and they moved with the Oneida. The Mohicans moved again to Indiana and they met the Munsee. The Munsee got kicked out of their land. The Mohicans were kind enough to offer to share the land with the Munsee and they changed their name to Stockbridge-Munsee. The Mohicans moved to the southwest corner of the Menominee Nation. The Mohicans had trouble in the Menoninee Nation. There were many timber companies in the area. The timber companies tore down trees and made the soil no good. The Mohican kids went to boarding school so they could learn how to be American. They had to speak English. It wasn’t fair that they had to change their lives. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 closed down the boarding school and they went to practice their culture on their land. By: Daniela Guadalupe C. D. The Mohicans have many programs and businesses that help their tribe and Wisconsin. In the 1980s, they built bingo halls, golf courses and campgrounds.. They
started a Head Start program to help the kids. There are also trails and forests for people to have fun. By: Dinorah C. To summarize, the Stockbridge-Munsee people help each other, had many wars with the Europeans and they have programs here today. The Mohican moved because people wanted their land. The Stockbridge-Munsee moved to north Menominee County. The Stockbridge-Munsee had a hard life and they were kind and helpful. By: Dinorah C.
Words in the Mohican language (Stockbridge-Munsee), translated into the languages of our class community
Muh-he-con-neok The People of the Waters that are Never Still Les Habitants des Eaux qui ne sont Jamais Calmes La Gente de las Aguas que Nunca están Quietas
Kiana We (inclusive - the “we” includes the listener) Nous Nosotros Language Key Black - English Dark Green - Spanish Dark Cornflower - French Dark Magenta - Mohican (Stockbridge-Munsee)