MAY 20, 2016
NUCLEAR JOULES MAGAZINE
NUCLEAR ENERGY
TYPE OF ENERGY A
CARLOS ACOSTA, DANIEL FLEITEZ-CRUZ, JACK POPPEL
HOW IS NUCLEAR ENERGY USED AROUND THE WORLD S
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Types of nuclear energy 3 Nuclear energy in everyday life 6 Energy conservation 8 Renewable and nonrenewable energy 9 "Numbers in the News"
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Types of Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear Fission
When a nucleus fissions, it splits into several smaller fragments. This creates two parts of roughly half of the mass of the original nucleus. The missing mass, gets converted into energy. If a massive nucleus, breaks apart, then a net yield of energy is created. This is because, the mass of the fragments, is greater than the binding energy curve.
Fusion, powers the Sun and the stars. It is the energy source of the future, and provides the stars with energy to shine for billions of years. Hydrogen atoms fuse together, and form helium. Matter is converted into energy, thus giving light to the Sun and stars. Nuclear fusion, is when multiple atomic particles join together to create a larger atom. Unlike nuclear fission, there is no limit on the amount of the fusion that can occur.
Power plant
Sun
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Nuclear Fission
Splits the atom into two or more smaller atoms.
Fission bomb AKA the atomic bomb/atom bomb.
Uranium is the main fuel. Used in power plants.
Comparison Comparison
Nuclear Fusion
What does it do?
Fuses two or more smaller atoms into one large atom.
Nuclear Weapon
Fuel
Hydrogen bomb. Uses fission reaction to make a fusion reaction.
Hydrogen/Hydrogen isotopes, are the main fuel. Used in fusion power plants.
Used in WWII, Deriving its the nuclear bomb power from the is the most fusion of destructive hydrogen weapon ever isotopes, the created. Uses the hydrogen bomb splitting of are more millions of atoms powerful than using a fission reaction with to create atomic bombs. hydrogen, to make a fusion explosion. Works by reaction
Atomic bomb
Hydrogen bomb
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NUCLEAR ENERGY IN EVERYDAY LIFE Radiation
Radiation symbol
Nuclear energy is also known as radiation. Radiation is everywhere on the surface of the earth because many elements have a certain level of radiation. Also, the earth is constantly being bombarded with cosmic radiation, however the Earth’s magnetic field and its atmosphere protects the surface from most of it. Some makes it through, but in amounts too small to damage life on Earth. There is also terrestrial radiation, which comes from the radioactive materials in the soil, such as carbon and potassium. A very common usage of radiation is in X-rays, which are used to see the bones of individuals in high detail for medical purposes.
Powerplant
Power Plants
Nuclear power plants take advantage of nuclear energy to convert it into electric energy that people can use. This works based on the fission of the uranium atom to create heat. The heat is them used to turn water into steam. The steam then turns turbines in the power plant, which create electrical energy. This electrical energy then powers everything we use in our everyday lives.
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SUN
The sun is the most important object in our everyday lives. It provides heat, light, and radiation for life on earth. Without nuclear fusion happening in its core, it would no longer shine, and would die, depriving the planet of heat. Life on earth would not be possible without the sun, excepting some life forms which live at the bottom of the ocean. The sun stays in balance between radiation pushing outwards and gravity pushing inwards. Gravity crushes together hydrogen atoms, which fuses them into helium atoms through nuclear fusion. This produces a lot of energy, which radiates outward from the center. This energy becomes thermal and electromagnetic energy as it radiates out, and reaches the Earth. Sun
ATOMIC CLOCKS Atomic clocks are used to keep the correct and synchronized time for all devices everywhere. Atomic clocks can keep time accurately to a billionth of a second. The definition of a second(as of 1967) is 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyper fine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom. Basically, the cesium 133 atom goes through about 9 billion oscillations per second, which is what atomic clocks use to accurately measure the second, and transmit that to all the devices around the world.
Atomic clock keeping time
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E N E R G Y
C O N S E R V A T I O N
Nuclear power is a very vital source of energy in many countries. For many years, it has been attempted to harness it. Because oil and gas prices are going up, nuclear power and other alternative power sources are more attractive. In the future many countries have already confirmed that they plan to use nuclear energy for many utilities, such as electricity.
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RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE RENEWABLE
Nuclear energy is considered renewable because it has very low carbon emissions, therefore not polluting the air with carbon and other harmful gases. Also, a professor, Professor Cohen, has stated that the relationship between the sun and earth will keep creating more uranium, making uranium indefinite in numbers. Professor Cohen also believed that there could be a process of nuclear fission which produces more material to use again.
NONRENEWABLE Nuclear Energy can be classified as nonrenewable because it uses uranium, which is not a renewable resource. In addition, it uses a rare form of uranium called uranium-235, which is even rarer than regular uranium. This makes uranium even more of a nonrenewable resource. Nuclear power plants also produce harmful radioactive waste, which is harmful enough to cause permanent genetic damage. This is another reason why some people consider nuclear energy to be nonrenewable.
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IN THE NEWS
NUMBERS
444
1967
Currently active nuclear power plants. Year when the second was official defined based on the cesium 133 atom's oscillations per second.
1,000,00
Years for light to escape the sun.
600,000,000 Tons of hydrogen the sun fuses every second
14,000,000,000 Dollars cost for new nuclear power plant in Wales
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