Yorkshire Gas Association
Biomethane – Sustainable Gas 24th February 2011 John Baldwin john.baldwin@cngservices.co.uk CNG Services Ltd www.cngservices.co.uk
Biomethane – Sustainable Gas • • • • • • • • •
CNG Services Ltd Didcot Biomethane Project Adnams Biomethane Project Biogas clean up and upgrading Practical hurdles Making Compressed Biomethane (CBM) CBM fuelled vehicles Green Gas Certificates Biomethane Conclusions
CNG Services Ltd • Creative/Complex/Complicated Natural Gas Services Ltd: – Cleaning bio-gas and injecting biomethane into the gas grid • Creator of the UU Davyhulme BtG and CBM Project • Developing Didcot project for Thames Water, SGN and Centrica • Further 20 potential BtG Projects in UK
– CNG/CBM/LNG projects • CNG Filling Stations • Supporting CNG/CBM vehicle development • LNG for vehicles
– Supporting development of onshore gas and storage projects • Ryedale Gas Project • Wingas Saltfleetby • Halite Preesall
We are independent from all makers of plant, vehicles, clean-up, compression....our aim is to support developers in projects which are a bit complicated.....
BG Group Kazakhstan • We commissioned in July 2010 the first CNG filling station in Kazakhstan • 200 buses ordered for Asian games • CNG is the solution to air quality (not one CNG bus in UK due to Bus Service Operators Grant (BSOG) which makes CNG uneconomic for buses in UK)
Most major cities have air quality problems and so make CNG the fuel of choice for buses – it is important that EU Fines London £300 Million for poor air quality......we should have CNG buses in UK, we have none
Biomethane Injection - Didcot
Didcot biogas was flared, now used to heat Didcot homes
Biomethane to Grid at Didcot
CNG Services is designer and project manager
UK’s first BtG Project Digesters
Propane Storage
Gas bag Telemetry
Propane Injector
Energy & quality Measurement
H2S and Siloxane filters Biogas upgrader
First gas on 3rd Oct 2010
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Propane Enrichment
Propane Storage tanks (3 off)
Propane Mixing Vessel
We have to add propane to protect consumers from receiving low energy gas
BtG Injection Equipment Gas quality – energy – odorant - telemetry
Costs £600k today, CSL believes should cost <£200k (Netherlands)
Adnams – BioGroup – the UK’s first BtG Food Waste Project
CNG Services is providing design and other consultancy related to the injection of gas into NTS and biomethane sales
Food reception hall, Clean-up, upgrading and BtG plant
Food Reception Building BtG Compound
GTS Plant (cryogenic CO2 removal)
Opening Event 8 Oct 2010
Andy Wood CEO, Lord Gummer
Biogas Clean up and Upgrading Technology Summary
Biogas Composition
• • • • • •
Methane 55 - 60% CO2 35 - 40% O2 0.1 – 0.5% N2 0.5 – 2% H2S 200 – 2,000 ppm Siloxanes (sewage biogas)
H2S and O2/N2 important
Water Wash
• 98-99% of biomethane to grid, 1-2% methane vented • Can recover heat from larger plants (from compressor cooling water) • 14 m high – can have planning issues • Removes H2S and most siloxanes • Simple plant, as Didcot, likely to be lowest cost option at <500 m3/hr
Chemical Absorption
• 99.8% of biomethane to grid, <0.2% methane vented • Needs significant heat to raise steam regenerate the chemicals (around 10% of biogas energy) – can often recover most of this • Ideal if waste heat already available – if not use grid gas or biomass • Requires less propane • Less electricity if 2 bar grid
Pressure Swing Adsorption
• 92% of biomethane to grid, 8% of methane goes with the CO2 • This gas can be flared or burnt in CHP or boiler (but needs to be brought back to 33% methane) • No methane vented • Similar electricity to water wash
EU Experience of Biogas Clean-up and Upgrading • Task 37 Report: • 42 Water Wash • 36 PSA • 23 Chemical Wash
• CSL staff have visited around 10 such plants
Gas Enrichment
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Propane Enrichment (1) • Recommendations to DECC for RHI: – Propane should be added to meet Flow Weighted Average CV and avoid very large CV shrinkage losses – Around 5 - 12% by energy needs to be added (depends on level of O2 and N2 and the CO2 removal process) – In effect, buying energy in propane at oil linked price but selling at gas price (the ‘Propane Value Loss’) – Enrichment plant capex and opex owned, operated, funded by biomethane producer – Propane Value Loss should be funded by RHI
Propane Enrichment (2)
Propane Mixing Vessel Propane Storage tanks (3 off)
Propane Enrichment (3) • How large a propane storage tank is required? – Depends on CO2 removal technology
• Regulations depend on size – For <25 tonnes a deluge system is not required
• How frequent propane deliveries? – Informs on storage tank size
• Where will propane come from? – Informs on reliability – If reasonably close by can fill frequently and have smaller tank
Practical hurdles
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Capacity in the NG Grid • Often the gas grid cannot accept the biomethane on a 365 day basis – CSL believes an issue around 40% of the time Expected Minimum Hourly Injection Rate (Overnight) Expected in the Driffield Area Based on Standard Load Duration Curves 1000 900 800 700
scm/h
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Jan
Feb
Mar
Cold Profile
Apr
May
Jun
Average Profile
Jul
Aug Warm Profile
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Required Input
• Solution is compressors within the grid (to export gas from one pressure tier to the higher pressure one that feeds it)
Oxygen • GS(M)R limit is 0.2%, we need 1% for BtG • Usually no blending option • GL report for SGN Didcot indicates key issue is corrosion if there are metal mains and the grid is wet • At present HSE may grant an exemption based on individual risk assessment in each case – Key is that grid must be dry
• This is expensive and a significant barrier • HSE suggesting change in GS(M)R O2 level to 1% subject to certain information from GDNs re corrosion
Contaminants • Siloxanes often present in sewage derived biogas, can damage engines or requires more frequent oil changes • HSE commisssioned GL to review contaminants in biogas based on EU experience – Siloxanes should be removed
• Landfil gas likely to have more contaminants, generally not difficult to remove but will require additional monitoring • As an aside, the key issue for landfill is O2/N2
Network Entry Agreement • • • • • •
Capacity Gas quality Measurement standards Telemetry Nominations – link to gas sales Communication
Design and Build Agreement • • • •
What plant is built? Funding? Maintenance? Responsibilities – who builds it?
Making Compressed Biomethane and the Vehicles that can run on it
CBM Concept Typically 1 bar
Local Gas Grid Pipe
250 bar
CNG-CBM Compressors
Storage Cascade
Dispenser
Back-up supply from gas grid
4 bar
Propane and gas quality
Odorant
Biogas Clean-up plant 7 bar
Vehicle use and Biomethane to Grid go together
Biogas supply from Anaerobic Digester 0.01 bar
CBM slip-stream Concept
Transport use and electricity use go together â&#x20AC;&#x201C; we have completed trials with BiogenGreenfinch,Yorkshire Water and Scottish Water in Aug â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sept 2010
Passat TSI EcoFuel •
engine
1.4 TSI CNG
•
performance
110 kW / 150 PS 0 – 60 mph in 9.5 seconds
•
maximum speed
210 km/h
•
fuel consumption
5.1 kg / 100 km
•
CO2-emissions
119 g/km = ZERO on CBM
•
Range
CNG/biomethane 420 km 3-underfloor gas tanks, steel 135 Liter (22 kg) gasoline 400 km, 31 Liter
820 km total operating range – Electric Vehicles have a target to aim for This vehicle is NOT available in the UK
EVs in UK are BAD if they use grid electricity…. • • • • • • • • •
According to US EPA, a LEAF requires 34 kWh per 100 miles or 0.21 kWh per km UK minimum elec demand is 23 GW, max renewable/nuclear is 14GW So all electricity all the time comes from gas/coal AD Hawkes report gave Marginal Efficiency Factor of 600 g/kWh (in 2016) Include emissions to get coal/gas to power plant and becomes 660 g/km Include transmission losses becomes 700 g/km So, Leaf emissions become 0.21 x 700 = 147 g CO2/km Golf diesel – 99 g/km - on Well to Wheel around 115 g CO2/Km £5K subsidy for 25% increase in CO2.....
Make room in the skip next to the Nimrods
VW Caddy Eco-fuel • Best selling CNG van in Germany, launched mid 2006 • • • • •
Built to run on CNG rather than a petrol conversion Right hand drive is type approved for sale in UK Also available at Caddy Maxi Car – 7 seats Good financial savings, good eco outcome New version November 2010
EEV emissions – very low NOX and particulates. Carbon neutral on CBM – this will become the van that Water Companies want to have
MB Sprinter NGT • Mercedes Benz • First time MB have designed a CNG Sprinter from ‘first principles’ (rather than petrol conversion): – Very low emissions – 25% less CO2 than petrol on grid gas – Carbon neutral on CBM
• Also has petrol tank – Total range of 1,100 km – Ideal for supermarket home delivery, quiet, clean, long range, fast refuelling
Carbon neutral on biomethane – the big white van for inner city and home delivery
MB Econic - Tractor • Distribution logistics • EEV emissions and 20% lower CO2 than diesel • Drive at night into cities as very quiet • On bio-methane, carbon neutral
• MB bringing to UK in right hand drive form • In UK in Q2 2011
• What a great idea for supermarkets Ideal for inner city deliveries and loads of <36 tonne This truck loves biomethane
Econic Refuse truck • Refuse Trucks • MB Econic (see below in Malmo, running on bio-methane) • Now Sheffield – Veolia!
Significant interest in the UK, initially on fossil CNG but migrating to CBM as ADs are developed
Dual Fuel Tractors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MB and Volvo
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Green Gas Certificates
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Green Gas Certificate Scheme • Announced on 8 October 2010, system being built, formal launch on 3rd March 2011 by Renewable Energy Assurance Ltd • Designed to allow ‘tracking of biomethane from injection point to customer” – Integrity - no ‘double counting’
• It is expected that the Green Gas Certificate will be bought by the gas purchaser and not sold separately • Allows the gas purchaser to work with the producer to market biomethane to customers
GGCS Launch Members • • • • • • • • •
National Grid British Gas Centrica Thames Water (Didcot) Adnams Biogroup (Adnams) Milton Keynes City Council CNG Services Ltd System being built that will allow the system to operate Around £20K set up cost, around half paid by above, remainder from new members in due course: – Gas suppliers/traders £2,000 – Biomethane producers £1,000
• Once operational the operating costs of the system will be funded by the gas suppliers/traders as the audit requirements are focussed on them – Running costs forecast to be low because REAL already exists
AD Developer – Gas Supplier – National Grid – Gas Consumer Green Gas Certificate Scheme
Gas can be used in CHP, in vehicles, in fuel cells, any use possible
Gas Consumer Sale of ‘green’ therms
Gas Supplier Purchase of biomethane therms
Normal grid gas
Clean-up plant and grid injection
National Grid Inject gas into grid
Organic waste/slurry
AD Developer Processing via Anaerobic Digesters
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Biomethane Conclusions • • • • • •
Biogas should only generate electricity when all the heat can be used UK has advanced gas grid and the full support of UK gas distribution network owners and energy suppliers UK gas production declining, we need to find new gas resources to supply domestic customers and improve security of supply Biomethane injection into gas grid is widespread in Europe, no material technical issues 10% of domestic customer gas supply by 2020 is a reasonable target Green Gas Certificates offer opportunity to keep gas into new homes which has to make a lot of sense and also to fuel dual fuel CNG-diesel trucks There are no material technical issues or barriers, we just need the RHI to be set at an appropriate level so that we can get on with it.