Hybrid Factory, Hybrid City

Hybrid Factory Hybrid City

Edited by Nina Rappaport

© 2022

Published by Vertical Urban Factory

Edited by Nina Rappaport Graphic Design MGMT. design

Editing and copy editing Ann Holcomb

Cover and divider pages Sarah Gephart

All rights reserved © Vertical Urban Factory © Texts and images by the authors All images credited on p. 256.

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, on all or part of the material, specifically translation rights, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or other media, and storage in databases. For use of any kind, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained.

Distribution

Actar D, Inc. New York, Barcelona New York 440 Park Avenue South, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016, USA T+1 2129662207 salesnewyork@actar-d.com

Barcelona Roca i Batlle 2 08023 Barcelona, Spain T+34 933 282 183 eurosales@actar-d.com

ISBN: 9781638400318 Library of Congress Control Number: 2022940446

Printed in Spain

Hybrid Factory / Hybrid City

Hybrid Factory Hybrid City

Edited by Nina Rappaport

6_Preface

14_Cristina Bianchetti

Politecnico di Torino Factory City: Towards a Critical Planning of Modes de Vie

20_Nina Rappaport Vertical Urban Factory Ol-Factory: Industrial Mixes for a Sensory City

Hybrid Factory / Industrial Mixity at the Building Scale

40_Bram Aerts

TRANS architecture | stedenbouw Production Mixed at Many Scales in Ghent

56_Nicholas Gilliland Tolila+Gilliland Atelier d’Architecture Hybrid Logistic Buildings in the Nature-City: Integrating Logistics in Paris’s Gare de Lyon-Daumesnil Neighborhood

70_Ward Verbakel plusoffice architects Dwelling in the Productive City

86_Eva De Bruyn Dieter Leyssen 51N4E

Old Buildings, New Ideas: The Incremental Reuse of D’Ieteren Car Repair Plant

102_Juan Lucas Young Sauerbruch Hutton Theory and Practice of Designing Mixed-use Buildings

114_Frank Barkow Barkow Leibinger Factory Town: Hyper Hybrid

126_Markus Schâefer Hosoya Schâefer Architects Fabrik SG—Co-design, Co-work, Co-own

Hybrid City / Industrial Mixity at the Urban Scale

142_Maria Paola Repellino

Politecnico di Torino Matteo Robiglio Politecnico di Torino TRA Turin’s Industrial Dust

158_Ianira Vassallo

Politecnico di Torino

From Company Town to Hybrid City: New Urban Manufacturing for Metropolitan Turin

170_Giulia Setti

Politecnico di Milano Productive Playgrounds: Design Strategies to Rethink Hybrid Production

184_Nicola Russi

Politecnico di Torino Laboratorio Permanente Climatic Agents

198_Giovanna Fossa

Politecnico di Milano

Hybrid: A Matter of Mix and a Matter of Scale in Milan

216_Future Visions

230_Roundtable Discussion Considering the Hybrid Factory-City During a Pandemic 250_Contributors 256_Image Credits

meters, bestowing industrial allure upon it. But inside the large scale recedes, with the workplaces and meeting rooms tailored to the size of a terrace house. The wooden roof creates a warm and homey atmosphere. The mixed, impure typology of Ryhove that originated in an appropriate relationship to the context has become part of the neighborhood.

This project is working towards a mixed city, or as Petrus Kemme puts it: “TRANS architectuur | stedenbouw reconciles the apparent incompatibility of the industrial activity and the surrounding housing by means of an effective architectural gesture. … The form makes the switch between the industrial and the human scale throughout the project, but ultimately lends a worthy architectural face to a company with a substantial added social value, and this within the intriguingly ambiguous context in which it is housed.” (Sofie De Caigny, et al., “When Attitudes Take Form,” Flanders Architectural Review, on. 14 [Antwerp: Architecture Institute, 2020]).

Stadsdepot Lourdeshoek: Mix M

The City of Ghent initiated a logistics master plan at the end of 2015, which in 2021 was in the research phase. The plan aspires to optimize the entire logistics organization and support of the various city services, such as the

green team and the logistics and festivities departments over the course of the next two legislatures (2019–2030). It also aims to reduce the surface area of the buildings that currently occupy 30 percent of the logistics site.

Ghent strives for efficiency gains in the organization of urban logistics through centralization and scaling up. Currently, there are numerous logistics sites spread across Ghent, but in many cases they are inadequate in terms of condition (occupational safety, construction, environmental permits), size (many small buildings), and layout. These sites will be abandoned and activities will be centralized at the Lourdeshoek site. The City will be able to use the vacated sites to develop other initiatives and to reinforce its social agenda. The aim of TRANS architectuur | stedenbouw’s study is to design state-of-the art, high-tech logistics for the Stadsdepot (City Depot) Lourdeshoek that comply with the applicable legislation.

above: Aerial photo of Muide-Meulestede peninsula between the Meulestede district and Port Arthur, located in Grootdok, Belgium opposite: Prefabricated concrete columns and CLT panels are pushed out to the perimeter, thus engaging in an active dialogue with the context, 2019

magazijncluster

SME TYPOLOGIES IN ANTWERP

b i n ne n geb i ed

industrieterreinformeel

informeel i nform ee , g e d o o g d

woning informeel , vergund

steenweg

mobiele werkplaats micro-atelier steenwegdoos

straat-stockage buitenwinkel tuinatelier diepe werkplaats wonen boven magazijn

mob iel

The typology of economic spaces found in the twentieth-century belt around Antwerp includes large collective facilities, productive yards, warehouse clusters, big-box retailers with parking lots, atelier-house typologies, deep-tube warehouses, garden sheds, start-up garages, micro-ateliers, and mobile workspaces, LABO XX_Werk Clustering and Coworking 2.0, Antwerp City, 2015

bedrijfsverzamelgebouw

companies. The reality is much messier, consisting of a mix of large numbers of small- and medium-sized companies which coexist with largescale signature companies.

The Start-Up Garage

Most start-ups, even including Apple, find their origins in simple garage spaces, and many businesses in the make-and-repair industries operate from mobile locations such as vans, trucks, and cars. These mobile enterprises are often complemented by garages which serve as docking stations for small storage units and ateliers. Though crucial to certain types of businesses, rarely is the typology of a garage box seen as an important part of an urban redevelopment project. We propose to develop an alternative typology for the garage box in the form of a well-designed micro-atelier: the “start-up garage.” A unit such as this operates in a manner similar to a business incubator, but focused on production. Additional services can be part of the compound, such as waste management and reuse, business support, communication, catering, and meeting infrastructures. The most important part is that the facade engage with the surrounding public space, extending into it as an outdoor expansion of the workspace or as a showcase of diverse small productivity. The garage can provide, simultaneously, enough flexible space for businesses to become established and to take on a visible urban role, presenting to the public realm what is made, how, and by whom.

Making a/+ Living

In 2018, the team MSA-B2AI-plusoffice won the contract to build one of the Biestebrouck dock city blocks in Anderlecht, in the Brussels metropolitan region. The Brussels bouwmeester maître architecte (chief government architect) organized a two-stage competition on behalf of a private investor who acquired the development rights for the 2.5-hectare brownfield site along the canal. The project will combine 15,000 square meters of productive space with 62,500 square meters of residential program and services, to be built in phases. After obtaining an allotment permit and community board input, the first phase received a building permit in 2021.

On an urban scale, the prescribed internal street that should serve the business units is reimagined as a covered productive courtyard where all business activities are located. An open street was added with connections to a future park for cyclists and pedestrians rather than the logistic-intensive activities on the ground floor. While the area will be in development over at least a decade, the building complex will afford an internal world protected from the industrial activities, while still being able to accommodate future

scheduling. With an expanding workforce, the hybridity of program, instead, becomes a natural and parallel form of growth. Presently, horizontal growth, which is traditionally favored for being cheap, flexible, and favorable for moving people, goods, and products, is now countered by strategies for densifying that demand vertical growth which, although more expensive, offer diverse and advantageous proximities and adjacencies.

Hyper/Hybrid

Peripheral, suburban, or semi-rural sites have historically accommodated both sprawl and an “anything goes” attitude. Planning is either nonexistent or lax. Real estate is cheap, and taxes are lower than in cities. For instance, several historical planning models, including Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City (1932) or Le Corbusier’s Linear Industrial Cities (1945),1 benefited precisely from low-density suburban sites that were activated by infrastructure: rail, road, and waterways. These adjacencies of movement, goods, and services, by default, meant that these new cities could theoretically grow infinitely along these infrastructure lines. Both Wright and Corbusier imagined cities where all the programmatic benefits could be encapsulated within new sub-urban-infrastructural networks. In this way,

above: Customer and Service Building, structural loading diagram, Trumpf, Ditzingen, Germany, 2022

opposite: Customer and Service Building, structural training in steel and concrete construction (top); lifts and crane diagram (bottom), Trumpf, Ditzingen, Germany, 2022

Hybrid Factory / Hybrid City 118

There has been a renewed interest in the last decade in urban codes as a tool for controlling the form and processes of the transformation of the city.15 Form-based codes, illustrated manuals of urban regulations, systems for calculating morphologies that derive from regulations, and the creation of new laws for encouraging the reuse of existing spaces are just some of the initiatives aimed at underlining the effects of urban codes on the makeup of cities.16 In this context, the “Re-coding” research study carried out by Politecnico di Torino illustrates a number of examples applied to the city of Turin whereby innovation can also be achieved by incrementally reorganizing the existing regulatory framework without structural reforms.17 This reorganization occurs through the introduction of incentives, guidelines, and small changes to the regulations that encourage planning activities and produce relevant effects on the built environment and its uses. To safeguard the protections guaranteed by acoustic zoning, and to not place limits on the ventures that can establish, for example, a definition of functions based on the performance characteristics of settled uses—not only on the classes of

155 Repellino and Robiglio

above and opposite: Toussaint Robiglio Architetti, Mattioli headquarters, Turin, 2018

a. b. c. d.

opposite: Master Plan for the complete site above: Master Plan a. The void scale; b. The fabric of the ordinary city; c. Local centers; d. The public city systems, Milan, 2019

Hybrid Factory / Hybrid City 190

What remains constant—whatever the scenario—is the network of environmental infrastructures, along with manifold developments in terms of community amenities: the public city thus becomes the organizational basis of a number of scenarios for the development of the area, shaping its potential future identities.

The collective use of private spaces in the city blocks is one of the characteristics of Milan. Public life shrinks and expands within its private lots, extending the actual urban surface area of the city in a dynamic, effervescent manner. The vibrant life of the city, such as fashion and design weeks, often spread into courtyards, former warehouses, private estates, where public facilities overlap with different grades of housing. This

convincing balance between social mixture, accessibility, and private and public activities define natural city hybridity learned by sampling four areas in Milan. Four selected blocks—each with its different history, morphology, and dimensions—indicate settlement scenarios that are resilient to transformations of use and contain collective activities and functions. Private courtyards become temporary piazzas; industrial warehouses become themed markets; crafts workshops become spaces for events. Roofs become public terraces.

Blocco Milano (“Milan Block” concept) represents the possible evolution of these four sample areas, interpreting their ability to be constructed through an incremental process and to host urban activities and functions in synergy with those of this typically private city. Blocco Milano is not a type of settlement; it is a transversal settlement principle that is adaptable to different economic scenarios and will always dedicate a significant proportion of open spaces for use by the city. Behind buildings’ main doors, inside gardens, at the heart of porous, permeable blocks, is where public life in Scalo Farini will have its most creative, dynamic outlet.

The collective use of private spaces in the city blocks is one of the characteristics of Milan. Public life shrinks and expands within its private lots, extending the actual urban surface area of the city in a dynamic, effervescent manner.

Mecenate sample compared to Milan Block and its possible variations, Agenti Climatici, Milan, 2019

Future Visions

Textile Building concept, section of the living-working areas, Dadaocheng, Taiwan, 2018

Contributors

Bram Aerts

In 2011, Bram Aerts founded the Ghent-based architectural firm TRANS architectuur | stedenbouw, together with Carolien Pasmans. After graduating from KU Leuven, Aerts spent 15 years working in Brussels and Antwerp, developing expertise in architecture and urbanism. He established the creative focus of TRANS, and directs client relations, communications, and research. Aerts is closely involved in all of the firm’s projects from conception to realization, including Leietheater Deinze, Masterplan Pelt, Design Museum Gent, Royal Institute for Theatre, Cinema & Sound Brussels, and Dockside Tower Brussels. Numerous TRANS projects have received recognition and major awards, including a 2020 Belgian Building Award, shortlist for the 2019 EU Mies van der Rohe Award, BigMat ’19 Special Mention for Young Architects, and 2019 laureate for the Jo Crepain Award for innovative practice. Aerts has taught at the University of Antwerp and the Rotterdam Academy of Architecture and is currently on the Faculty of Architecture at KU Leuven Sint-Lucas Gent. He lectures internationally and serves as a juror in architecture competitions and studio design reviews. His essays have been included in

books such as City Made (nai010, 2018) and As a Theatre (MER Paper Kunsthalle, 2020). Since 2021, Aerts has been a member of the Quality Chamber of the City of Ghent, advising clients and designers on the quality of design projects.

Frank Barkow

Frank Barkow founded the Berlin-based practice Barkow Leibinger with Regine Leibinger in 1993. He has taught at Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cornell University, the University of Wisconsin, the Royal College of Art in London, and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Barkow Leibinger focuses on projects for industrial companies and urban situations. The firm’s work was shown at the Venice Architecture Biennale in 2008 and 2014, and at the 2012 Marrakech Biennale. It is also included in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art, New York and the Deutsches Architekturmuseum, Frankfurt. Barkow Leibinger has won four National AIA Honor Awards for Architecture, the prestigious Marcus Prize for Architecture, and a Global Holcim Innovation Award for Sustainability.

Cristina Bianchetti

Cristina Bianchetti is an architect and full professor in Urban Design at the Politecnico di Torino, where she teaches urbanism and served as deputy dean of faculty at the School of Architecture (2007–2012). Her studies deal with themes related to critical theory, urban design, living, contemporary urbanism, and the spatial relationship between the body and the urban project. The participation and coordination of many research projects and more than 250 publications published with Italian and foreign publishers witness her presence in the contemporary urban debate. Bianchetti has wide experience in research evaluation, such as serving as coordinator of the Group of Experts for the Evaluation Research Quality in Architecture (VQR 2011–2014) in the Italian universities. She is part of the Group of Work magazines for Anvur, and president of the Evaluation Board of the IUAV University in Venice. She focuses on the relationship between production and the city coordinated in the City&Production lab of the DIST Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning (Politecnico di Torino), in which there are currently 15 areas of research. The C&P lab has collaborated in a project with the Swiss Federal Institutes

of Technology (EPFL),related to doctoral workshops and photography, and has held over twenty conferences (called C&P Days). The discourse and findings of these activities were published in Cristina Bianchetti, ed., Territorio e produzione (Macerata: Quodlibet, 2019).

Eva De Bruyn

Eva De Bruyn received a Master of Science in Engineering: Architecture from Ghent University, Belgium in 2012, then completed a one-year program in Urban Design at CEPT University in Ahmedabad, India. After gaining experience in academic research and architectural practice, she joined the 51N4E collective in 2017, where she became a partner of Studio Acte in 2021. Her focus is on the incremental development of urban projects, for public and private clients, where design research is coupled with community participation and coalition building. Since 2020, she has been a member of the faculty of the Architecture and Urbanism Program of Ghent University where she teaches architectural design to undergraduate students.

Giovanna Fossa

Giovanna Fossa focuses her teaching, research, and projects on issues of urban regeneration and regional and landscape planning, with special focus on landscapes of production, integration between infrastructures and settlements, tourism, and place-making.

Since 2007, she has been a full professor in Urban Design and Planning at Politecnico di Milano where she teaches regional planning and regenerative urban design at the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. She is part of the Department of Architecture, Built Environment, and Construction Engineering. She was a 2000 Fellow of the Italian Academy at Columbia University, and has collaborated with numerous international organizations such as ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), SUPSI (The University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland) Mendrisio, and the Regional Plan Association in New York. She is a member of the scientific committee of the Urban Land Institute in Europe. Her writings include: “Settlement as Factory” in The Design of Urban Manufacturing (Routledge, 2020); Planning Talks (Maggioli, 2018); Industrial Heritage Sites in Transformation (Routledge, 2014); Itatour (F. Angeli, 2012); Un atlante

per Milano (Skira, 2006); and Transforming the Places of Production (Olivares, 2002).

Nicholas Gilliland

Nicholas Gilliland is an architect and educator. After receiving a Master of Architecture from the Yale School of Architecture, he created Tolila+Gilliland Atelier d’Architecture with partner Gaston Tolila in 2011. Based in Paris, the studio works on a broad range of programs including urban planning, housing, office, public buildings, and logistics. In fall 2021, their work was displayed in the exhibition “In Between Places” at La Galerie d’Architecture in Paris. In spring 2021, the firm co-curated the exhibition “Garantie Décennale” (10-Year Warranty) in Campbon, France with the artist BenoitMarie Moriceau, considering artists whose works reflect the themes of weathering and time at the crossing of art and architecture. Gilliland teaches design studios with the Rice University School of Architecture Paris program.

Dieter Leyssen

Dieter Leyssen is an architect and urban sociologist. He holds a Master of Architecture from KU Leuven and a Master of City Design and Social Sciences from the London School of Economics. Since 2019, he has been a partner

at the Brussels-based practice 51N4E where he cofounded the Studio Acte and is responsible for projects in civic design and adaptive infrastructure. Leyssen teaches at KU Leuven and Hasselt University. He has led projects ranging from architecture and master planning to socioeconomic analysis and curatorial work. Both in practice and in writing, he evidences an interest in collaborative processes that enable and strengthen durable social and spatial transitions.

Nina Rappaport

Nina Rappaport is an urbanist, architectural historian, and educator. As director of Vertical Urban Factory, a think tank and consultancy, she focuses on the intersection of production spaces, architecture, and the role of the factory worker. She is the author of Vertical Urban Factory (Actar, 2015; 2nd ed., 2020) and curator of the eponymous traveling exhibition (2011–2022). Rappaport co-edited Design for Urban Manufacturing (Routledge, 2020) and Industrial Palimpsest: Newark, N.J. (Actar, 2022). She lectures internationally and her essays on urban manufacturing have been published in numerous journals.

Rappaport is Publications Director at the Yale School of

Architecture and is editor of the magazine Constructs, the studio book series, and exhibition catalogues. She has been a Visiting Professor at the Politecnico di Torino and Sapienza Università di Roma. She is coordinator of the history/theory program at the School of Public Architecture at Kean University and has taught at numerous New York Cityarea universities. Rappaport is a founding member of Docomomo US and Docomomo New York/ Tri-State, is a member of the program committee of the Design Trust for Public Space in New York, and is on the Western Queens Community Land Trust steering committee.

Maria Paola Repellino

Maria Paola Repellino has a PhD in Architecture and Building Design. She is currently a research fellow at the Politecnico di Torino where she is Executive Director of the China Room research group and a member of the Future Urban Legacy Lab. She was previously a visiting scholar at the School of Architecture at Tsinghua University. Her research work focuses on the role of industrial legacy in redefining the relationships between architecture, city, and production in contemporary China. Repellino’s recent books

include Fun Mill: The Architecture of Creative Industry in Contemporary China (ORO Editions, 2022) and The City after Chinese New Towns (Birkhäuser, 2019).

Matteo Robiglio

Matteo Robiglio is an architect and urban designer who is a full professor at the Politecnico di Torino. After twenty years of practice in community architecture and urban regeneration with the consultancy firm Avventura Urbana, he founded the office TRA (“in-between”) in 2011 with Isabelle Toussaint. In 2014, TRA and the community foundation Benvenuti in Italia co-founded the nonprofit social innovation startup Homers to promote bottom-up cohousing projects for the reuse of abandoned buildings. In 2015, he was the German Marshall Fellow in Urban and Regional Studies, with a research project on industrial reuse in American cities. From 2016 to 2021, Robiglio was the first director of the Future Urban Legacy Lab, a research arm and think tank of the Politecnico di Torino. He is a member of the scientific committees of the Piedmont Center for African Studies in Torino and REbuild Italia, and a member of both the Strategic Plan of the metropolitan area of Turin and the Getty

Hybrid Factory / Hybrid City 252

Foundation-funded recovery project of Giancarlo de Carlo’s University Colleges of Urbino. He has lectured at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Xi’an JiaotongLiverpool University in Suzhou, China, and the Technion in Haifa, Israel.

Nicola Russi

Nicola Russi has a PhD in architecture and is an associate professor at the Politecnico di Torino. In 2008, he cofounded the Milan-based architectural practice Laboratorio Permanente, together with Angelica Sylos Labini. The studio has participated in numerous international design competitions, winning the competition for the master plan of Farini and San Cristoforo railway yards in Milan. Laboratorio Permanente participated in the Venice Architecture Biennale in 2016 and 2018, and received an Honorable Mention for the Golden Medal for Italian Architecture in 2012 with the project, “The conquest of the horizon.” Since 2017, Russi has been a member of the board of directors of the National Association of Historic and Artistic Centers (ANCSA), and is curator of the Gubbio Prize, which promotes progress in the intervention strategies on

historical cities and territories. His academic research has been published in numerous books, peer-reviewed journals, and magazines, including Domus, Abitare, and Architecture Ireland.

He is the author of Backgrounds (Quodlibet, 2019). Russi has been a consultant to the Municipality of Milan for the development of the new Territorial Government Plan in 2009, as well as the City of Torino for the development of the Strategic Plan in 2021. He is currently developing the new General Plan of Bergamo.

Markus Schâefer

Markus Schâefer is a founding partner of Hosoya Schâefer Architects, a Zurich-based practice for architecture, urban design, and urban research.

The office has won several international awards and competitions and works on projects such as the Engadin Airport, the TechCluster Zug, the Swiss Innovation Park Zurich, and HafenCity Hamburg.

Schâefer has a Master in Architecture from Harvard University and a Master in Neurobiology from the University of Zurich. At Harvard, he first collaborated with his partner Hiromi Hosoya on the Harvard Guide to Shopping, edited by Rem Koolhaas, et al. (Taschen, 2001). Schâefer was the first director of AMO in Rotterdam, the think

tank and research department of OMA (Office of Metropolitan Architecture).

With his work at both OMA and Hosoya Schâefer, Schâefer has won several international awards. He lectures and publishes regularly, including the 2020 e-book Switzerland: Deep Urbanism for an Age of Disruption with Strelka Press. His office published Industrious City—Rethinking Industry in the Urban Age (Lars Müller Publishers, 2021) and, in 2020, he cofounded cividi GmbH, a start-up that brings together planning, data, and governance, producing digital tools for the analog city.

Giulia Setti

Giulia Setti has a PhD in Architecture and is an assistant professor in Architecture and Urban Design at DAStU (Dipartimento di Architettura e Studi Urbani), Politecnico di Milano. Her research focuses on topics related both to the disposal and reuse of industrial architecture and productive spaces, as well as the different typologies of contemporary public spaces, especially in Milan. Currently, she is involved in the Territorial Fragilities research project coordinated by the DAStU Department of Excellence (2018–2022) on the growing fragilities of the Italian territory. Between

2014 and 2015, Setti conducted teaching and research activities at the School of Architecture, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India and she continues to study variations of informal public spaces and architecture in these contexts. From 2016 to 2018, she carried out research at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi, China, coordinating international exchange activities and workshops. In 2018, Setti published “Oltre la dismissione. Strategie di recupero per tessuti e manufatti industriali,” and in 2017 “Tensioni Urbane. Ricerche sulla città che cambia” with Michele Cerruti But, Agim Enver Kërçuku, and Ianira Vassallo.

Ward Verbakel

Ward Verbakel is an architect and urban designer who founded the Brussels-based studio, plusoffice architects, in 2006. His practice combines architecture and urbanism with various projects ranging from landscape urbanism and master planning to public buildings and housing projects. Over the past few years, the studio’s research has focused on the productive city and climate change. The work of plusoffice has been published internationally in magazines such as AD, DOMUS, and Detail, and it has been exhibited at the IABR Rotterdam in 2016, 2018, and 2020. Currently,

he coordinates the master urban design studios as adjunct professor at KU Leuven and has started his PhD research on Small Town Urbanism. He taught at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP), Columbia University, New York. Verbakel is president of the artistic board of the magazine A+ Architecture in Belgium.

Ianira Vassallo

Ianira Vassallo is an architect with a PhD in Regional Planning and Public Policies. Since 2018, she has been an assistant professor in Urban Planning at DIST (Interuniversity Department in Science, Project, and Territory) of the Politecnico di Torino. Her research interests focus on the relationship between urban practices and the institutional project of the contemporary city’s transformation. She deals with the metamorphosis of the Fordist industrial system in Turin in the last thirty years and the design of new production spaces. Since 2018, she has been a member of the City & Production Lab research group. On this topic she has published several articles, and for the “Making Room(s)” project won the second prize of the EUROPAN XIV Productive Cities design competition as a part of a team that also included Cristina Renzoni, Silvia Lanteri, Eudes Vito Margaria, and Giorgia Greco.

Juan Lucas Young

Juan Lucas Young joined Sauerbruch Hutton in London in 1990, having graduated from the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, a year earlier. Following the completion of the GSW headquarters in Berlin in 1999, he became partner and managing director. Young is responsible for the overall management of the firm and has overseen major building projects for over 25 years. He reviews both the design and executive management of many competitions and building projects, both in Germany and abroad. He is also a principal-incharge of selected projects and is often head of joint ventures. Recent projects include: the highrise Stockholm One, Stockholm, Sweden; the new headquarters of Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland; and the Hager Forum, Obernai, France. He is currently involved in the ConfexPark in Thessaloniki, Greece. Young is a regular keynote speaker at conferences and symposiums worldwide, acts as guest reviewer and occasionally runs summer school units at different universities. He was a board member of Fairtrag e.V. until 2021.

Hybrid Factory / Hybrid City 254

Image Credits

51N4E, 89, 96

Archives D’leteren Gallery, 90, 91, 92

Archives de la Ville de Bruxelles, Plan de Bruxelles no. 130, section cartographique, 94

Atelier of Urban Design students 2018–2019, Politecnico di Torino: Francesco Bulzoni, Martina Cau, Sofia Leoni, Federico Pellarin, Emma Rocle, Gaia Siddu, Rita Ventimiglia, 162–165

B2Ai - plusoffice architects - MSA, 80–83

Barbara Voarino Design, 149 Barkow Leibinger, 116, 118–121, 123

Bitter Bredt, 108

Charles Chandler Papers, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University in the City of New York, 27

Covivio Development, 201, 205

Diego Bonilla, 224–226

Dongwoo Yim, PRAUD Architects, 217– 219

Elena Guidetti, 228, 229 Fabio Oggero, 155 Filip Dujardin, 97, 100

Fondo Immobiliare Lombardia, 209

Franklin Azzi Architecture and Hame Architects, 66

Gerrit Engel, 107

Giulia Setti, 173, 175, 177-180, 182

Hadrien Duré, 98, 99

Hosoya Schâefer Architects, 128–137

Iwan Baan, 117

Jan Bitter, 108, 111, 112

Jo-Hsun Elissa Huang, MEZZ Studio, 221, 222

Kate McClean, 28

Kevin Canonica, 22–23

Laboratorio Permanente and OMA, 186, 189, 190, 193, 195, 197

Maria Paola Repellino with Matteo Robiglio FULL, 145, 147, 148, 156

Michael Desvigne, Landscape Architect, 68

Nina Rappaport, 25, 30, 31, 35, 150, 151, 152

plusoffice architects, 28, 33, 73 plusoffice architects - ARcK UHasselt, 76

plusoffice architects - WRKSHP, 75, 78

Sara Mountford, 25, 232, 233, 236, 237, 242, 243

Sauerbruch Hutton, 104, 105, 106, 109, 110, 113

Rete Fra Imprese, “B Smart”, 207 Team BOP: B-architecten, Omgeving, plusoffice, 84, 85

Tolila+Gilliland, 69

Tolila+Gilliland with Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, Franck Boutté, and Michel Desvignes, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67

TRA, 154, 155

TRANS architectuur | stedenbouw, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 55

Every effort was made to include the copyright holders for images, if there are errors please contact the publisher.

Hybrid Factory / Hybrid City 256

What can the hybrid building and urbanism do to help support and shape the future of flexible, innovative cities? How can hybrid models change with new technologies, sustainable manufacturing, and advanced production systems? How do we break the planning and landuse patterns of segregated zoning by class and function and encourage mixed-use zoning?

These questions and more are addressed in Hybrid Factory / Hybrid City, through a collection of essays by participants in the eponymous symposium organized by Nina Rappaport at the Future Urban Legacy Lab of the Politecnico di Torino. Divided into two sections that mirror the chief conference topics, the collected essays describe projects and research by the contributors, each according to their area of expertise, regarding factory buildings, logistics centers, their potential for mixed use and reuse to support social and economic equity. The essays conclude with a roundtable discussion between the authors that reflects on urban production during the times of COVID-19.

Contributors include editor and essayist Nina Rappaport, Bram Aerts (TRANS architecture | stedenbouw), Frank Barkow (Barkow Leibinger Architects), Cristina Biancetti (Politecnico di Torino), Giovanna Fossa (Politecnico di Milano), Nicholas Gilliland (Tolila + Gilliland Atelier), Dieter Leyssen and Eva de Bruyn (51N4E), Nicola Russi (Politecnico di Torino and Laboratorio Permanente), Matteo Robiglio (Politecnico di Torino and TRA), Maria Paola Repellino (Politecnico di Torino), Markus Schâefer (Hosoya Schâefer Architects), Giulia Setti (Politecnico di Milano), Ward Verbakel (plusoffice architects), Ianira Vassallo (Politecnico di Torino), and Juan Lucas Young (Sauerbruch Hutton).