EU & Neighbours 2007-2013 Results through cooperation
EU Neighbourhood
ENPI OVERVIEW PRESS PACK
EU Neighbourhood
EU & Neighbours 2007-2013 Results through cooperation
E N P I O V E R V I E W P R E S S PAC K
September 2014
ENPI: an instrument for the Neighbourhood
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Bilateral assistance South
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Bilateral assistance East
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Regional cooperation for the Neighbourhood
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Inter-Regional programmes
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From the ENPI to the ENI
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PHOTO GALLERIES ENPI projects South ENPI projects East Photo stories
VIDEOS SUCCESS STORiES This publication exists only in electronic format. It has been prepared by the European Neighbourhood Info Centre, a project funded by the EU, under the ENPI. It does not represent the official view of the EC or the EU Institutions. The EC accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to its content.
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ENPI projects South ENPI projects East All material produced by the Info Centre is ENPI-related
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Partnership with South Partnership with East The EaP (Eastern Partnership) The ENI (European Neighbourhood Instrument)
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ENPI: an instrument for the Neighbourhood The European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), with a €13.4 billion commitment, operated from January 2007 to December 2013. As of January 2014, it was replaced by the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI). Its main purpose was to create an area of shared values, stability and prosperity, enhanced co-operation and deeper economic and regional integration, by covering a wide range of co-operation areas. In implementing the ENPI, there was a continuous dialogue between the EU and each of the partner countries, in order to achieve a spirit of co-ownership and partnership, ensuring that programmes funded are adapted to the needs of partner countries and contribute to their economic and social development, and ultimately to the well-being of the citizens. During the seven years of the ENPI, two major developments occurred: the ‘Arab Spring’ in the South and the creation of an Eastern Partnership (EaP) in the East. Making aid delivery more effective With regards to the Southern Neighbourhood, the political upheavals of 2011 coincided with a review of the EU’s policy towards the region and a modification of the priorities of its cooperation programmes. One of the main priorities has been to support good governance, democracy and the rule of law, especially in the light of the ‘Arab Spring’. The wave of reforms in the region has shown variable progress and has resulted in different outcomes, however in general the results of EU cooperation and development programmes are assessed as positive, although quite diverse. In the Eastern Neighbourhood there was increased financing that opened the possibility to engage in support for major sector reforms in most countries. At individual country level, this entailed a renewed and deeper policy dialogue on strategic planning and reforms. The launch of the Eastern Partnership (EaP) in May 2009 flagged the need to lay the foundations for a fully-fledged ‘approximation agenda’, that would catalyse support from bilateral and regional programmes. Political developments around the Vilnius Summit of November 2013 shaped an increasingly differentiated picture, now guiding the programming of assistance under the ENI (2014-2020). Overall, the mix of available tools and modalities for aid delivery in the Neighbourhood became richer, which translated into more opportunities for adapting the ENPI response to different needs and changing situations. Partners were granted access to institution building tools and the use of budget support opened areas of dialogue with the governments. The role of civil society, as a key stakeholder in policy making and monitoring, has become more recognized and prominent in EU cooperation with partner countries.
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ENPI OVERVIEW PRESS PACK Umbrella programmes (Spring & EaPIC) In 2011, the ‘incentive-based approach’ was introduced by the EU through two ‘umbrella programmes’: EaPIC (Eastern Partnership Integration and Cooperation - €152 million for 2012-2013) and SPRING (Support for Partnership, Reforms and Inclusive Growth - €540 million for 2011- 2013), in order to foster deep and sustainable democracy by rewarding progress in reforms. This ‘incentive-based approach’ is now fully integrated in the new European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) for 2014-2020.
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EuropeAid has published a report entitled European Neighbourhood Instrument 2007-2013 – Overview of Activities and Results outlining the achievements of the past 7 years. The detailed report covers the general aspects of support to the Neighbourhood partnership, refers to the regional effort, includes a country-bycountry breakdown and offers many examples of activities undertaken on the ground.
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Bilateral assistance
South
During 2007-2013, the EU was fully engaged in the reform processes in the Southern Neighbourhood. It mobilised significant resources, stepped up its engagement with civil society, and offered increased trade and market integration, as well as increased mobility and migration cooperation. In financial terms, it made available over €9 billion between 2007 and 2013.
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EU Cooperation in the South funded projects in a wide range of sectors, from supporting reform of the justice sector in Tunisia and providing education to Syrian refugee children, to improving basic public services in the West Bank and Gaza and fighting illiteracy in Morocco. Other projects included support to civil society in Libya, reinforcement of the education sector in Lebanon and Jordan to better address the massive influx of Syrian refugee children, a coexistence project for Israelis and Palestinians, women’s empowerment in Egypt and enhanced public sector expertise in Algeria.
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Palestine
Algeria
€366.1 million mainly for economic reform, with a strong emphasis on employment, diversification of the economy and economic governance.
Egypt
€1,007 million for political reform and good governance, competitiveness and economic productivity, and socio-economic sustainability of the development process.
€2,051.7 million committed, with the largest share for Direct Financial Support Israel Lebanon through PEGASE. €13.5 million €388 million Refugees are supmainly for insticommitted. Morocco ported through tutional Twinning Jordan Urgent needs €1,431.1 million UNRWA and a projects in emmainly for eco€589 million com- arose following Libya ployment and so- mitted, with ma- the 2006 conflict €83 million for nomic moderniza- development cial affairs, health jor progress made with Israel, for re- strengthening tion, with results package focused on governance/ and consumer in education rein the education, construction and civil society and protection, justice energy and public recovery activities for dialogue form, democracy rule of law, private and home affairs, finance sectors. and political and and developing and social cohe- sector, and water, infrastructures/ telecommunica- Support is offered socio-economic working relations sion, especially tions and transto help the coun- reforms. Support with Libyan insti- ensuring citizens’ land development. There is a port, agriculture, try’s effort to han- is offered to han- tutions, especially equal access to environment and dle the effects of dle the effects of the Ministry of basic quality ser- special action for statistics. the Syrian crisis. vices like health. East Jerusalem. the Syrian crisis. Planning.
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Tunisia
€775 million, focused on political and socio-econoSyria mic reforms, as €358 million well as on demoinitially commitcratic governance. ted to support Support to the political, admintransition phase istrative, economic, social and was essential, and all the tools environmental available under reforms. Since the ENPI were the crisis, funds were mobilised to used to respond to fragility and address its concrisis situations, sequences and complement the with important major EU humani- financial support for civil society. tarian effort.
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Bilateral assistance
East
The Eastern Partnership is constantly evolving, on the basis of needs and ambitions of partner countries. In the context of the ENPI mid-term review, additional resources were mobilised to accompany the launch of the EaP. The total amount of ENPI funds available for bilateral and regional cooperation with EaP countries was €3.8 billion for the period 2007-13. This includes €350 million additional funds when the EaP was launched.
Armenia
€281.5 million committed for justice reform, public finance system modernisation, trade and socio-economic reforms, focusing on modernization of the vocational education and training system.
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ENPI OVERVIEW PRESS PACK 1 2 3 EU Cooperation in the East funds projects ranging from support to job creation and investments in the rural areas of Moldova, to mutual trade with the EU in Ukraine, and improving the juvenile justice system in Georgia. Other projects promoted the reform of the justice system in Armenia, backing energy efficiency and renewable energy in Azerbaijan, and engaging with Belarusian civil society.
€143.5 million for energy policy reforms, in particular in terms of promoting energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources, agriculture and rural development, and the justice sector.
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Ukraine
Belarus Azerbaijan
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€94.2 million. Cooperation with the government is focused on neutral sectors, such as environment, energy efficiency, regional development and food safety. After the 2010 crackdown on civil society, assistance to NGOs was stepped up.
Georgia
€452.1 million for the justice system, sustainable economic development and agriculture, and support for internally displaced people.
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€1,005.6 million committed to support reforms in the energy sector, includMoldova €560.9 million with a focus ing its environmental dimension, transport, trade, on justice reform, better business climate, energy, reform of public finance economic development of management, migration and border management, rural areas, border manand engagement with agement and migration and confidence building civil society and local authorities. measures in Transnistria.
Russia
€66.5 million (no longer eligible under the ENI). Focus on support for the Common Spaces and the Partnership for Modernisation, private-public partnerships in transport, civil society and higher education, and support to the EU-Baltic Sea programme.
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Regional cooperation for the Neighbourhood The EU’s programmes for regional cooperation complement national assistance programmes, tackle challenges with a regional dimension and promote interstate co-operation on issues of mutual interest.
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ENPI OVERVIEW PRESS PACK 1 Strengthening civil society The role of civil society as a key stakeholder in policy making and monitoring has become more recognized and prominent in EU cooperation with partner countries. CSOs are considered a catalyst for democracy and a means by which governments are held to account.
Highlights of the Regional Programme East include: Policy dialogue: multilateral platforms cover: democracy, good governance and stability; economic integration and convergence with EU policies; energy security; and people-to-people contacts.
The results of EU work with civil society range from better living conditions for vulnerable groups, to increasing the capacity to carry out budgetary analysis and expenditure tracking.
Support to civil society: the EaP Civil Society Forum and the Neighbourhood Civil Society Facility were created.
Flagship initiatives: focused on integrated border
More about civil society support East and South can be found on the EU Neighbourhood Info Centre website (www.enpi-info.eu).
management; SMEs; regional gas and electricity markets, energy efficiency and renewable energy sources; environmental governance; and prevention, preparedness and response to natural and man-made disasters.
Regional programmes, outside the flagships, supported the rule of law, police cooperation, territorial cooperation, transport, youth and culture.
Environment - climate change: progress towards the implementation of multilateral environment agreements and adoption of EU best practices and standards.
Transport: the EaP regional transport network was endorsed and a master plan for transport development between the EU, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, was created.
Energy: several facilities - in particular the Eastern Europe Energy Efficiency and Environmental Partnership, ‘E5P’ – and technical assistance programmes were established.
Youth: support to youth was offered, with an estimated 37,000 young people and youth workers having received funding for their projects in 2011-2013.
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Highlights of the Regional Programme South include: Multilateral platforms: regular meetings that allowed the development of policy dialogue on sectors of common interest. The multilateral platforms cover: democracy, good governance and stability; economic integration and convergence with EU policies; energy security; people-to-people contacts.
Civil society: a strengthened and comprehensive dialogue with and among civil society at a regional level has been supported through several programmes. The voice of civil society in the policy and the political dialogue was reinforced, and the EU is now discussing setting up more permanent and comprehensive regional structures.
Regional programmes: initiatives focused on SMEs; regional electricity markets, energy efficiency and renewable energy sources; environmental governance; and prevention, preparedness and response to natural and man-made disasters.
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The Inter-Regional programmes
ENPI OVERVIEW PRESS PACK
Some activities undertaken by the ENPI covered the whole region.
Erasmus Mundus / Tempus
Cooperation in higher education mostly took place in the framework of Erasmus Mundus and Tempus. While the Erasmus Mundus programme focused on mobility actions and on encouraging partnerships between institutions from the EU and from the partner countries, Tempus IV focused on the reform and modernisation of higher education systems. Partners benefitted from a budget of around €670m for these programmes.
NIF Neighbourhood
Investment Facility The NIF boosts EU support to economic development through financing capital-intensive infrastructure projects and supporting the private sector, focusing on SMEs.
TAIEX
Technical Assistance and Information Exchange The TAIEX fosters alignment with the EU acquis. It is mainly demand-driven from the beneficiary public administrations and helps deliver tailor-made public sector expertise. It provides expert missions, workshops or seminars, study visits and assessment missions. Since 2007, €38.5m were used, mainly in the East.
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SIGMA Support for Improvement
in Governance and Management SIGMA is an OECD-EU initiative that assists public institutions – civil service, administrative law, expenditure management, financial control, external audit, public procurement and policy and regulatory capacities. Active in Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Jordan, Lebanon, Moldova, Morocco, Tunisia and Ukraine, it implemented around 120 activities. Since 2008, €17.7m were mobilised.
CBC
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Cross-Border Cooperation Programmes CBC had four overall objectives: promoting economic and social development; addressing common challenges; ensuring efficient and secure borders; promoting local cross-border people-to-people actions. Over 900 projects were contracted, at a value of approx. €950m. The main beneficiaries are local and regional authorities, NGOs and civil society.
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EU Neighbourhood
From the ENPI to the ENI
ENPI OVERVIEW PRESS PACK
European Neighbourhood Instrument 2014-2020 The partnership between the EU and its 16 Neighbours in the South and in the East is growing stronger and is evolving based on shared experiences and lessons learnt. In times of change, the EU is proving to be a stable partner to the Neighourhood and its citizens, renewing its commitment to continue building relations in the period 2014–2020. One of the main tools used by the EU to develop these relations is the new ENI (European Neighbourhood Instrument), worth over €15 billion, that will provide the bulk of funding to the ENP (European Neighbourhood Policy) countries through targeted programmes. It will also enable citizens from the Neighbourhood to participate in selective successful EU internal programmes, including student mobility, youth programmes and support to civil society. Special emphasis will be given to engagement with civil society. Two main principles will guide relations in the years to come, bringing more tangible benefits to both the EU and its Neighbourhood partners: incentives and increased support to best performers, and differentiation on the basis of each country’s needs, ambition and progress in reforms.
Six objectives Fostering human rights and fundamental freedoms, the rule of law, equality, sustainable democracy, good governance and a thriving civil society. The European Commission has so far approved bilateral programming documents for Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Moldova and Tunisia, as well as multi-country programming documents in both the Eastern and Southern Neighbourhood and European Neighbourhood-Wide programmes. EU funding for the entire period of 2014-2017 is indicative and may range between a minimum and a maximum amount for each country and region. Final allocations will depend on needs and commitment to reforms. The table below contains the minimum and maximum allocations for the countries approved so far. MIN – MAX Bilateral programming – East (2014-2017) Armenia €140m – €170m Azerbaijan €77m – €94m €71m – €89m Belarus Georgia €335m – €410m Moldova €335m – €410m Bilateral programming – South (2014-2017) Algeria €121m – €148m Jordan €312m – €382m Lebanon (2014-2016) €130m – €159m Libya (2014-2015) €36m – €44m €728m – €890m Morocco Tunisia (2014-2015) €202m – €246m Multi-country programming (2014-2017) Regional East €418m – €511m Regional South €371m – €453m Neighbourhood-wide programme €1,675m – €1,876m For more details go to www.enpi-info.eu/maineast.php?id=38315&id_type=1&lang_id=450
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Achieving progressive integration into the EU internal market and enhanced co-operation including through legislative approximation and regulatory convergence, institution building and investments. Creating conditions for well managed mobility of people and promotion of people-to-people contacts. Encouraging development, poverty reduction, internal economic, social and territorial cohesion, rural development, climate action and disaster resilience. Promoting confidence building and other measures contributing to security and the prevention and settlement of conflicts.
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Enhancing sub-regional, regional and Neighbourhood wide collaboration as well as Cross-Border Cooperation.
What’s new? Under the ENI, assistance to Neighbours will: Become faster and more flexible, reducing the complexity and length of the programming process, making assistance more relevant to the policy framework; Offer incentives for best performers through the more-for-more approach that allows the EU to increase its support to those partners that are genuinely implementing what has been jointly agreed; Allow for greater differentiation so that the EU allocates a greater proportion of funds where its support can have the highest impact; Aim for mutual accountability so that it takes greater account of human rights, democracy and good governance when it comes to allocating assistance; Enable a greater involvement of Civil society organisations and local authorities in preparing, implementing and monitoring EU support.
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Press packs
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Find your way around EU cooperation with its Neighbours South www.enpi-info.eu/list_type_med.php?&id_type=3
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East www.enpi-info.eu/list_type_east.php?&id_type=3
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Useful Links
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ENPI regulation
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ENI regulation (March 2014) Info Centre Library – ENPI documents
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EU Funding for the Neighbourhood (Info Centre) handbook
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EuropeAid – EU Neighbourhood and Russia
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EuropeAid – ENPI Info Centre – ENPI supporting reform
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EEAS – ENP
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Info centre – About the ENI www.enpi-info.eu/eni Info centre – video YouTube
EU Neighbourhood Library Our online database Action plans Agreements
key quotes
Country reports Declarations Resolutions Strategy documents
Browse key quotes by top EU officials, projects and beneficiaries on the ground EAST and SOUTH
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ENPI OVERVIEW PRESS PACK The EU: a major donor for the Neighbourhood
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EU support to the region is mainly channeled through the European Commission’s Directorate General for Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid. http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid
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The European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) funding approved for the period 2014-2020 is €15.4 billion. The ENI replaces the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), for which the funding was €13.4 billion for the period 2007-2013. The new instrument provides faster and more flexible funding, allowing for incentives for best performers, to 16 partner countries to the East and South of the EU’s borders.
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East: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine. South: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria*, Tunisia. * EU Cooperation with Syria is currently suspended due to the political situation
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The EU Neighbourhood Info Centre is an EU-funded Regional Communication project highlighting the partnership between the EU and Neighbouring countries. www.enpi-info.eu
Stay connected Stay connected Stay connected A project implemented by
EU Neighbourhood Info Centre An ENPI project The EU Neighbourhood Info Centre is an EU-funded Regional Communication project highlighting the partnership between the EU and Neighbouring countries. This presspack has been produced by the EU Neighbourhood Info Centre.
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Photos: AFP/EPA for the EU Neighourhood Info Centre Copyright EU/EU Neighbourhood Info Centre 2013-2014
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