Tianyi_Luo_ Adam 813103 Air Journal by Tianyi Luo

AIR

813103 Tianyi Adam Luo 2018, Semester 1, Dan Schulz

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

..4

PART A: CONCEPTUALIZATION

..6

PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN PART C: DETAILED DESIGN

My name is Tianyi Adam Luo and I am currently in the Third year and majoring in Architecture. I came to Melbourne 5 years ago and finished a foundation study program in Trinity College before I came into Melbourne University. Digital designing tools are useful and I havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t learn and practice with too many digital fabrication tools before, only familiar with Rhino for modeling, Auto-CAD for drawings and most of the Adobe systemsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; programs like Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign as well. I also used Blender before but only for a few times to understand how the its mechanics will work. The introduction of grasshopper and digital generation design tools have been made by the Air studio, I am ready to put efforts into the algorithm thinking and computation designing.

This Architecture major has been challenging for me but I have got real passions and ambitions about difficult tasks and really enjoyed considering various designing aspects. I love to play around with massive and solid cubic architecture with visual transformation between 2D and 3D can create various distinctive experiences for people. Less is more. This is the most influential narrative that i believe into. Throughout my design journey during last two years, subtraction with multi-layered components and disciplines is one of the main focus of my design. I believe in visual complexity is generated by forms and structures but not by the decoration of ornaments. I like to create a strong engagement with sites conditions and contours, merge the architectures with nature and the sites, to enhance the relationships and experiences between the architecture and the site.

INTRODUCTION

Part A

CONCEPTUALIZATION

fig 1, On the Rocky Coast, 1969

CONTENTS PART ONE: DESIGN FUTURING PRECEDENTS PART TWO: DESIGN COMPUTATION PRECEDENTS PART THREE: COMPOSITION/GENERATION PRECEDENTS PART FOUR: CONCLUSION PART FIVE: LEARNING OUTCOMES PART SIX: APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC PART SEVEN: REFERENCE LIST

fig 2, Superstudio, 1976

1. Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;16

The pressing challenge of balancing ethical, political, social and ecological concerns requires a new type of business practice which recognizes designs importance in overcoming a world made unsustainable.1 - Tony Fry

A.1 DESIGN FUTURING Huge energy use are destroying the future planets ecosystem by discharging large amount of pollutive gas into the atmosphere. Non-renewable resources were extremely used without consideration for economic or political use and some people will argue that those resources are essential to many fields of different industries. For example, a building with large glass facade will not only rely on powerful HVAC system but also reflect huge amount of radiant heat from the sun to the surrounding neighborhood, and a building with very small windows will not receive enough daylighting and will rely on electric lighting. Learning from the precedents and improving with compelling innovative ideas is necessary in design future, and these are the principles and the resource for peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s imagination. Discipline is growing stronger and wider in various aspects, not only focusing on the appearances or composition, but recognize and work into the real experience or the performance of architectures as well.

To d e s i g n f u t u re a l w a y s s t a rt e d f ro m d e s i g n p re s e n c e s . H u m a n h a b i t at i o n w i l l c o n t i n u e g ro w i n g e n o r m o u s l y i n t h e f o l l o w i n g d e c a d e s . Th e h u m a n d e v e l o p m e n t a n d ex p l o rat i o n has caused significant impacts on t h e n at u ra l e n v i ro n m e n t a n d h a b i t at s i n c e t h e I n d u s t r i a l Re v o l u t i o n . To a c h i e v e s u s t a i n a b i l i t y, d e s i g n e r s s h o u l d p re p a re f o r t h e f u t u re a n d g i v e c o n s i d e rat i o n , ex a m i n at i o n f o r the connection between design and 11 n at u re . Th e c o n c e p t o f v e rt i c a l d e s i g n c a n b e l ea r n e d f ro m t re e s . C reat i n g n at u ra l e n v i ro n m e n t a l h i g h - r i s e f o r wildlife could be a solution for the d e c rea s i n g a rea o f n at u ra l h a b i t a t i o n . Th e o rg a n i c a n d d y n a m i c f o r m s w i t h i n t h e g ro w i n g o f n at u ra l p l a n t s a n d v e g e t at i o n c a n b e d e v e l o p e d , re f o r m e d a n d g e n e rat e i n t o a rc h i t e c t u re f o r m s , f o r t h e h a b i t at d e s i g n a n d e v e n c o m m e rc i a l o r re s i d e n t i a l buildings as well.

Botanical Gardens

Trees, Habitats & Environment Illustrations & Images

Botanical gardens is considered as one the vegetation habitat protection area or a public garden next to Yarra River near city of Melbourne. Most of this area is covered by trees which some of are over 200 years old and lush grasslands. People usually consider a well-ranged public transportation and roads as a benefit for city development and convenience for all citizens and people. That gradually cause the problem of trees being cut-down for energy and construction, animals are founded dead on the highway, and the rarely appearance of some species.

Nature along cannot sustain us: we are too many, we have done too much ecological damage, and we have become too dependent upon the artificial worlds that we have designed, fabricated and occupied.2 -Tony Fry

2. Fry, Tony (2008), pp. 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;16

Therefore, the human habitation has challenge the forest environment and the natural cities for the forest animals. Development of industries and cities narrow down the habitation area for animals, birds and other species all around the globe. The prospect of co-existing habitation or special designed wildlife habitat is necessary.

The consideration of creating enough comfort zones for wildlife is important and necessary. Tree is a good example for there dimensional design for wildlife habitat. Horizontally, there has been already too much human habitation and it will keep its expansion, so it is obvious that vertical design could have more space and possibilities in the future designing aspects.

13 Waving lines and curves create a sense of natural organic shape, with the help of algorithmic and digital design tools. Possibilities of smoothing surfaces could be used into pavilion design and a composition of various curving components. For habitat architecture design, it is also necessary to use digital tools to find the most possible interior structures for trees or hollows or any informational form for different animals. New forms of designing and new definitions for architectures have already been introduced by the current facts of the globe.

The Japan Pavilion was the Japanese Expo Exhibition Building at Hanover Expo in 2000. Frei Otto and Shigeru Ban who were the architects of this Pavilion. The idea of using recycled material can be considered innovative at 2000 , which is the environmental sustainability design.

fig 3, Connection of paper tube, 2000

This pavilion is the first attempt with the paper tubes as a structural component overseas by Ban. He worked with Frei Otto together to demonstrate and test the capacity and composition to the Hannover Expo authorities. With huge transparency of daylight, the paper gird-shells doom roofing not only demonstrate the material and interior architecture style of Japan but also provide reusable and recyclable materials for a temporary exhibition. With manipulate and duplicate the existing material pattern, Shigeru Ban wanted to simplify the construction stages and low-tech as possible. Makeshift material qualities are used for this pavilion with revealed and simple connections of tapes to seal the intersection of different material.

fig 4, isometric structure arrangement, 2000

3. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Japan Pavillion Expo 2000 Hannoverâ&#x20AC;?, Wikiarquitectura, 2018 <https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/japan-pavillion-expo-2000-hannover/> [7 March 2018].

Japan Pavilion Frei Otto and Shigeru Ban 2000, Hannover Expo

The arrangement and connections between paper tubes can be recognized as one of an innovating precedents for digital designing composition. Reversing and multiple repeating patterns were well arranged and it really seemed parametrically constructed.

The designing under the paper gird-shells is also captivating. Large interior space do not only demonstrate a well natural lighting condition, but also the potential of using and testing the performance and limitation of a material.

Ban also provided a possibility of untraditional material construction and design except from steel, concrete and plastic. Paper, bamboo and maybe other low carbon and low energy material would be introduced into the design industry.

That is why I believe the idea of finding the true capacity of a material is the same focus for the grasshopper designer, to discover the full potential of every possibilities, to test and compare all the outcomes and to find out the most interesting design.

fig 5, Japan Pavilion, 2000

A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION

Nature inspired Design Design inspired nature. -Neri Oxman

It is obvious to determine that over the past few decades, technology method of architectural design has played an important and significant role of giving abundant progression in the development of design. Digital programs for designing has become one of the most efficient way of understanding design process and concept.

Design computation modifies various ideas, biochemical forms and even physical dynamic movements to forge into some interesting and evocative structural composition. Computation suggests new future design prospects and possibilities during architectural design process, and to provide large number of solutions and inspiration of dealing with a complex situation.

fig 6, Monocoque 2, 2007

Compare the Vespers Exhibition by Neri Oxman between the botanical garden exploration. The forms between nature and digital design are sometimes distinctive and similar as well. A tree grows out those organic curves inside and outside to the branches gradually out of a single seed. There is no planned direction or a formulated pattern to be programmed into the life of nature. It is unpredictable and dynamic in many ways. Parametric computation design and generation is dynamic and natural in different ways. The exhibits of Vespers are symmetry, and curves within the exhibits are formed to be organic in certain space with regulations. Architects and designers adopt natural atmosphere into their designing processes. Design computation provide various parametric elements to achieve the organic paradigms. Computation design also has been considered as a controversial and also uneconomic of the expensive fabrication machines and designer sometimes create waste of fabrication materials in labs due to the inaccuracies of modeling and unspecialized about the operation of machines, and designers really need to recognized that they cannot drive algorithmic feel changes away from the real design objects.

Vespers 2016 Exhibition Neri Oxman & Mediated Matter Group 2016, Sketches

3. Alice Morby, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Neri Oxman Ancient Death Masksâ&#x20AC;?, Dezeen, 2018 <https://www.dezeen.com/2016/11/29/neri-oxman-design-3d-printed-ancient-death-masks-vespers-collection-stratasys/> [8 March 2018].

Death masks for imaginary martyrs are the basic concept for the Vespers projects. Computation design have created the chance to generate perfect symmetric design pieces or architectures of high resolution in cellular detailed level. Merging molecular forms and ecological engineering together becomes possible and efficient with design computation and 3D printing. The boundaries between artificial and natural forms have been blurred by computation design. Organic forms and geometries can be simply copied and generated towards artificial designs. Dynamic liquid interaction curves and lines in the exhibits provide a realistic feelings that the fluid detailed components are transited and transfered naturally and freeze inside.

It is also obvious that computation design provide comprehensive ways of data analyzing and detail designing among all the series of Vespers Exhibits. Computation design contributes efficient ways of materiality testing and composition practicing. By analyzing many possibilities of design outcomes, designers enhance their ideas and all possibilities will also generate inspirations for designers. The theme of the entire designs also innovates new possibilities of achievable compositions or geometries. The exhibits are made of smoothing organic surfaces, dynamic paradigms and transparent quality. Computation design offers an influential potential of future design in physical architectures or other fields.

Vespers is the most sophisticated expression of our design approach so far, demonstrating that we can seamlessly vary the physical properties of materials in extremely high resolution that matches, and ultimately transcends, the scales of nature. -Neri Oxman

fig 7, Manufacturing process, 2012

Computational and structural design was always the focusing of ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion for each year. During the exploration of fabrication technologies and using digital design and technology to approach the transformation between morphological biology models into an unique compositional fibrous structure. With a specially developed computational process, the morphology of biology are explored with various winding syntaxes, creating robot tool path and ordered list of target frames.

fig 8, Illustration of connection and arrangement, 2012

4. â&#x20AC;&#x153;ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 | Institute For Computational Design And Constructionâ&#x20AC;?, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [11 March 2018].

ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION 2012

Institute for Computational Design (ICD)and Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) 2012, University of Stuttgart

Following biometric design rules and parametric patterns, designers integrate both structural and robotic simulation before and during the designing process, forming into an extremely lightweight and materially efficient framing structure.

Digital design will also be time efficient and economized the materials that usually wasted during the design process. New potential building material was introduced in this pavilion, filament winding of carbon and glass fibers. With the help of computation programming, large range of invertebrate structure experiments among these materials were made during the design process among digital design programs, 21 without presenting any physical models and creating forms by drawing or tracing.

Designers gave different ways to analyze the best intricacy and transparency material for the load-bearing composite surfaces. The project demonstrate that the synthesis of biometric design combining with computation, in order to generate extremely lightweight of materially and structure and to come up with new architectural tectonics.

fig 9, Research Pavilion, 2012

Practice of the building performances will be done during the digital design processes. By listing and analyzing all the potential structure arrangement, the limitation and quality of materials and components will be resolved. As the designing practice processing, constructionists and architects will be able to get a reasonable result. With the introduction of computing design process, more and more design processes will be approached and organized among digital softwares. More potential to generate new forms during the parametric designing process and even forms that surprised designers themselves.

fig 10, Rokko Shidare Observatory, 2017

A.3 COMPOSITION/ GENERATION

Composition is recognized as the main theme of architectural designs and concepts. A well-designed composition could enhance visual complexity, circulation and structural arrangement of the buildings or sites. To achieve an interesting composition, the process for architects were to create compositional arrangement, crafting components and structures, by drawings, modeling. With the introduction of digital computation programming, parametric designing and algorithmic scripting, generation is introduced as a new method of designing concept. Responding to the previous discussion of botanical garden and Vesper Exhibition, the generation of natural curves or linear surfaces is achievable by the helps of parametric tools. By moving components and parameters, designers start to generate any potential and complex forms by a simple script of algorithm, instead of creating inside their mind. Artificial forms and structures can be generated and perfectly adopted the organic languages for design.

Generation gives more opportunities for potential materials and compositions. Neri Oxman's synthetic biology design can be an example for the future designing direction. By studying the biological languages from various ranges of animals or lives, and with the help of parametric design and algorithmic thinking, the tradition or we can say nowadays fixed or ideal interesting designs will also be changed. Ideal dynamic and organic forms, curve linear surfaces or even tradition cultural concepts that could not be achieved by architects or designers will be generated into design now. Because of the development of computation design and transition between composition and generation, architecture firms and industry has already realized the prospects of computation generation and positions for different computing tasks have already been created. Generative design brings in digital analysis and comprehensive reinforcement for design processes to help designers to secure their ideas and designing directions.

Sagrada Familia

Antonio Gaudi Barcelona,1882

The first architectural attempt of computational techniques was the Sagrada Familia early as the 19th century. Antonio Gaudi wanted to communicate and spread the messages of the Evangelists by architecture and forms which meant to create the symbiosis between forms and Christian iconography. He wanted to create the connection between organic forms or compositions with Gothic principles. For example, the extruded lines and curves could be referred back to the flying buttress.

fig 12, exterior elevation, 2015

fig 11, interior openings and ceiling, 2015

Sci-fi 'Gothic' architecture brought to life. -Laura Allsop for CNN

5, “Architecture Sagrada Familia”, Sagrada Família <http://www.sagradafamilia.org/en/architecture/> [14 March 2018]. 6, Allsop, Laura, “Sci-Fi ‘Gothic’ Architecture Brought To Life”, Edition.Cnn.Com, 2014

fig 13, hanging-bags test model, 2008

Gaudi set up a test of hanging-bags to generate perfect curves and arches for the church design by using gravity. A complex system of weights and strings spread the loads and transfer down to the ground. Without following any classical Gothic structural rules or forms, gravity generated the composition naturally and organically. This gravity technique gave a special natural taste of the form, with no subjective human interaction or composition creation. Every Christian or Gothic components were organized and affected by natural principles, and the verticality of every columns were meant to represent the elevation of God, for examples, the loftiness of its naves, and the high-up pinnacles. Gaudi demonstrated the composition generation was also influenced by religions and cultures. The concepts of gods and traditions have already existed with the nature and environment surrounding everyone since the start of time and ideas, and that is why gravity could generate the natural and dynamic forms of curves.

With the idea of designing computation and digital composition generation, Digital Tea House was an example which attempt to bridge traditional cultures and computation generation not only through designing processes but also fabrication. Designers were inspired by the choreography of tea ceremony. The dynamic motion of human interaction and circulation make the space and atmosphere fluid. By moving the parameters to generate the forms, various circulations were made during the generation process and the space kept changing.

Continuous but instantaneous modifications are made by graphical algorithm tools by designers since the start of the design process. Put parametric design into ceremony sequence to generate the spiraling boundaries of the pavilion and adjust every plywood panels' locations and connections. Visual deviations between every components were generated by computation designing process, to achieve the composition at the final presentation. Adjusted shading and opening condition through out the interior space provided appropriate ventilation and maintained temperature.

fig 14, grasshopper scripts and illustration, 2010

7. DIGITAL TEA HOUSE (Hongkong: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, 2018), pp. 1-10

Pavilion: Poetry and Parametrics

Students of GSAPP Columbia University & Tokyo University, Project from Digital Tea House, 2010, University of Tokyo

27 fig 15, interior and exterior views of the pavilion, 2010

As two cultural backgrounds' students working together, digital generation blur the cultural boundaries and during the designing process. The design did not only achieve an interesting digital generated composition, but also retained the traditional Japanese architectural languages. The spiraling boundary contains the activity within the two Tatami space. The grooves and mats on the floor were inspired by the ripples and stepping stones. Both interior and exterior designing adoption were able to be shown by digital generation and be put into composition theme. The concept and practice of avant-grade Japanese tea house are evocative. The chance of digital generation merging traditional languages can be achieved and generated. The future designing prospects are changing everyday with the help of computation design and generation. There are many gifts that brought by computation and composition generation to us, an economized the length of designing process, the concepts of traditional languages and natural dynamic forms, and the most prevalent future composition. With the help of digital design thinking and tools, we can explore more.

A.4 CONCLUSION

It is hard to change and centralize people’s idea of that their behavior would affect the environment around us. Designers should think ahead of principle and manage the world environment and opinion with their designs. People may consider computation design will lead human society to a formated and programmed world, and the dependent of digital tools will bring serious consequences to humanity, but computation provides solutions and forms that beyond the capacity of humans’ creation, to generate organic forms and bring some solution for human designing future for nature and wildlife.

With help of computation design, form generation and material testing have become more rigorous and comprehensive. At the same time, designer and architectures are finding connection between natural elements and artificial forms. For example, use computation programs to test the best potential of a commercial building performance. Renaissance, Industrial Revolution, and other histories were shifting the society’s foundation and created a new definition of standard society. People was always trying to find the connection between technology and traditions. Nowadays designer’s task is to explore their ideas and minds, to consider the environment surrounding the sites as a hole theme. With the help of computation designing process, analyze and study every perspectives of the design and future influences on our flowing generation.

A.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES

29 The first three weeks of this semester has been a real challenge and extension for my recognition of digital design method and computing generation. Before any researches, computation designed architectures were considered by me, as many strange forms. Those researches for the three sub-tasks for Part A provided a lot information for me, which related to digital designing process and potential benefits of digital design methods. The processes and outcomes about parametric designing are unlimited, a simple script made of several components can generate so many potential forms. This is the time that I felt the true freedom of designing, without a boundary of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own imagination. Reliable justification of materiality and capacity of every detailed components will also be provided by certain digital programs. These three weeks also made me to ask myself about the real connection between nature and technology, between the concept of future and traditional customs. What could we do for the natural ecology after the nature had already given so much for us? How could we find the connection between different cultures, and evenly, the moderate transition from traditions and future? For the coming designing study, I will keep questioning myself about any perspectives of my decisions, and their influences on different perspectives.

A.6 APPENDIX ALGORITHMIC

A.7REFERENCE LISTS

1. Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), 2018, pp. 1–16

2. “Japan Pavillion Expo 2000 Hannover”, Wikiarquitectura, 2018 <https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/japan-pavillion-expo-2000-hannover/> [7 March 2018] 3. Morby, Alice, “Neri Oxman Creates 3D-Printed Versions Of Ancient Death Masks”, Dezeen, 2018 <https://www.dezeen.com/2016/11/29/ neri-oxman-design-3d-printed-ancient-death-masks-vespers-collection-stratasys/> [8 March 2018] 4: “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd. uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [Accessed 11 March 2018] 5: “Architecture Sagrada Familia”, Sagrada Família <http://www.sagradafamilia.org/en/architecture/> [14 March 2018] 6: Laura, Allsop, “Sci-Fi ‘Gothic’ Architecture Brought To Life”, Edition. Cnn.Com, 2014

7: DIGITAL TEA HOUSE (Hongkong: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, 2018), pp. 1-10

A.7 IMAGES SOURCES

Fig 1: On the Rocky Coast, https://www.moma.org/collection/ works/936 [accessed 14 March 2018] Fig 2: From Visual Scandals, Tsunehisa Kimura, https://bombmagazine.org/articles/landform-building/ [accessed 6 March 2018] Fig 3: Connection of paper tubes, https://clarewashington.wordpress.com/2012/12/10/shigeru-ban-building-with-paper-japan-pavilion-expo-2000/japanese-pavillion_3/ [accessed 4 March 2018] Fig 4: Isometric Structural Arrangment, https://en.wikiarquitectura. com/building/japan-pavillion-expo-2000-hannover/ [accessed 5 March 2018] Fig 5: Japanese Pavilion, Chaplin, Sarah, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Makeshift: Some Reflections On Japanese Design Sensibilityâ&#x20AC;?, Architectural Design, 75 (2005), 7885 <https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.107> [accessed 12 March 2018] Fig 6: Monocoque2, https://web.media.mit.edu/~neri/site/projects/ monocoque2/monocoque2.html [accessed 12 March 2018] Fig 7: Manufacturing process, http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807 [accessed 9 March 2018] Fig 8: Illustration of connection and components arrangement Fig 9: Research Pavilion Fig 10: Rokko Shidare Observatory, https://www.arup.com/projects/ rokko-shidare-observatory [accessed 13 March 2018] Fig 11: Interior opening and ceilings, http://www.sagradafamilia.org/ en/, [accessed 14 March 2018] Fig 12: Exterior elevation Fig 13: Hanging-bags test model, https://izi.travel/ru/06e8-podvesnaya-cepnaya-model-antonio-gaudi/ru, [accessed 14 March 2018] Fig 14: Grasshopper Scripts and illustration, http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/caadria2011_007.content.pdf [accessed 15 March 2018] Fig 15: Interior and Exterior views of the pavilion

Part B

CRITERIA DESIGN

CONTENTS PART ONE: RESEARCH FIELD PRECEDENTS PART TWO: DESIGN COMPUTATION PRECEDENTS PART THREE: COMPOSITION/GENERATION PRECEDENTS PART FOUR: CONCLUSION PART FIVE: LEARNING OUTCOMES PART SIX: APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC PART SEVEN: REFERENCE LIST

B.1 RESEARCH FIELD

Digital fabrication and composition generation are two main concepts for digital design process and leading to various area of researching and testing. Sectioning is a method of arranging surface geometry, to achieve an organic but also irregular architectural forms. Sectioning is a three dimensional architectural composition arrangement method and it is now a specific parametric designing aspects among all thought of architectural designs, such as interior space, pavilions, materiality testing. Layers and contours are placed and transformed gradually that different from each other. Sectioning can also be experiment interacting with other research fields, geometry sectioning, biometric sectioning, and structure sectioning as well. The creation of hybrid designing languages is always another potential of material testing, future organic and artificial relationship and provide other chances of form generation.

Sectioning

Materiality is another focusing aspect of digital sectioning design. Various range of materials like different timber, plastics, concrete, bamboos or even papers. Structural components are generated with these different materials to create a stronger structural arrangement, material testing, material choices, material relationship with the sites and surrounding environment, and material relationship with people or animals. Most of all the materials for architecture and construction can be used by sectioning fields in different ways. For example, panels material choices,

Merri Creek Habitat

Red gum is certainly an important and unique Eucalyptus in Victoria. It takes approximately 100 years for even small hollows to form in Eucalyptus. Red gum is habitation for various types of animals and insects. The Merri Creek special large woodland are mainly made up of red gum with grassy ground. Hollows and crowns of red gum are the habitation areas of different kinds of species. To Retain old trees and ensure replacement trees are allowed to grow to a size suitable for hollows. As a component of shelter-belts it can be used to block the gaps below the canopy of taller eucalyptus which tunnel deadly cold winds and also enhanced growth of neighboring trees. Once established, the bark is resistant to stock damage making it an ideal paddock shade tree. It is also said to be a useful stock fodder. The regular flooding near lakes during rainy seasons help keep the soil moist and suitable for its growth.

The river red gum has the most widespread natural distribution of any eucalyptus species in Australia, forming extensive forests and woodlands in the south-east and providing the structural and functional elements of important floodplain and wetland ecosystems. Along ephemeral creeks in arid central Australia it forms narrow corridors, providing vital refuge in the form of habitat and food resources for a whole host of animals in an otherwise hostile, arid environment. As they prefer to grow souls such as clay The regular flooding near lakes during rainy seasons help keep the soil moist and suitable for its growth. That is another contributing factor to why they are found mostly around the river areas, the water bodies also help disperse their seeds and it is a habitable place for birds, lizards and insects, the dense and tangled formation of its roots near the water provides shelter for small animals.

River Red gum

Red River Gum

Common trees species, provide habitat and places for these two animals to live, crown of the tree, little opening, decomposed barks.

Southern Boobook

Preferred habitat is wood land, and it is a predatory bird. Help the tree to get rid of pests that may harm the red river gum.

Flat-tailed Dunnart

One of the smallest animals in site, commonly preyed on by owls or any large birds. Living in logs or under large decomposed barks.

B.2 Case study 1.0

AA driftwood pavilion is one of the sectioning structural computational design precedent to look at, dynamic organic structural form will be generated by digital fabrication and designing process. By digital analyzing various choices of materials and maximum bending angles, design use grasshopper to identify the layers and connections between various panels. Digital fabrication help us to generate forms of layers of contours, providing large range of iterations to identify various possible choices, and continue to generate more possible forms and choices to be identified and tested. The AA driftwood pavilion was an attempt to combine material testing and form generating and contouring together and pushing limits of computation design.

The exercise was not only focusing on one aspect of composition sectioning, but also finding and testing a potential sustainable material. Driftwood consists of an internal, sustainable spruce â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Kertoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; plywood structure supplied by ecological Finnish timber suppliers FinnForest and adheres to a target of minimal material wastage. Various panels are forged and banned in a same direction, with changing parameters of forms components or radius components. Parametric designing provides the possibilities of finding organic forms and forms that can not be created by human by hands. Use grasshopper to verify differences between panels and strips, by laying out them for fabrication to test and create and for test.

AA Driftwood Pavilion AA student project London, 2009

Arches Aesthetics By analyzing the chosen research field, geometry, the form of the design should be considered as an artistic addition to the site without seeming displaced. It should also demonstrate a sense of creativity and appeal that is not only limited to human users, but also to the chosen specie (inhabitants).

Interactive Potential Interactivity is another significant feature of the design. The design should respond to Merri Creekâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objectives, in promote public community awareness and understanding of the landscape. Thus, the structure should help to facilitate further community involvement, and increase environmental and local knowledge.

Durability How long can this form support itself or the period the structure is gonna stay in shape and styles. Also consideration for materiality and structural composition as well.

Aesthetics Constructibility Durability Interactive Potential

BANQ RESTAURANT

Office dA, 2008 Boston, MA, USA

fig 9, Research Pavilion, 2012

B.3 Case Study 2.0 Reverse Engineering Another one of the most evocative sectioning precedent is the BanQ Restaurant. Huge sectioning panels were created and placed vertically inside the interior space to create visual complexity. Organic radius sectioning formed and crafted the space and environment. Contours were created parametrically with “dripping” and “diving” dynamic curves and all these curves are liner and parallel with each other. Wood-slatted panel system provided the feeling of extending horizontal and longitudinal visual length with no limitation or boundaries. Smoothing the relationships of depth, scales between different individual panels are simple and distinctive from previous sectioning example. Physical connection with existing building is also designed by digital modeling, to help the new interior merging into the existing setting of building. Baltic birch curving ribs are placed as slots and connections between steel rods and plywood panels. Sectioning design is more like an engagement between structure, materiality, composition generating as I mentioned, reverse engineering this project to identify the possibilities of individual panel or strips sectioning, to provide shading, or possibles as habitation area or enlarge the functional areas between sectioning panels and finding potentials.

Landscape Precedent Superkilen, Superflex, 2011

Three main areas are divided for this particular landscape design. While The Red Square designates the modern, urban life with cafĂŠ, music and sports, and the Green Park is a park for family picnics, sporting activities and walking dogs. There is another section of these three parts which is the Black Market. It is designed with contour lines traveled through this landscape. The place contains classical square ideas of foundation, vegetation and seating area, and those sectioning lines can be also a reflection of my design research field. People can also experience this place as a dynamic pond or a small creek, with these contour lines can be recognized as water dynamic flowing direction, and all these components and elements were placed as imagined stones and natural elements which are extruded from the water surface. Digitally transforming the shape of each curves and lines, generate various iteration of potential sizes and positions of composition arrangement. Designers provide these multi-functional area for surrounding neighborhoods, a free space for all activities that can also be considered as a potential natural habitation if we create these landscapes and decrease the size into a smaller scale, it will be a multi-functional or a multi-habitable space at Merri Creek.

B.4 Reverse Engineering Aesthetics Constructibility Durability Interactive Potential

Aesthetics Constructibility Durability Interactive Potential

B.5 Material Study

Nine Bridges Country Club Shigeru Ban 2010, Yeoju

The Nine Bridges Country Club designed by Shigeru ban is most notably recognized by its hexagonal grid shell. The primary hexagonal structure is made up of timber which allows light to stream into the house which creates a warm atmosphere. The designer transfers this 2D feature into a dynamic three dimensional style with the regularity of tri-fold grids vertically projected into the interior structure as a curved surface. The structure itself is supported by timber columns that grows upwards and spreads open radially into the hexagonal grid shells. The connections between the hexagonal grids seem to be made by interlocking two timber members together and continuing the connection across for all the hexagons. All components and members are prefabricated and placed using cranes. The interlocking structure of the shell provides for lateral stability as well as supports the structural integrity of the project without elaborate bolts and ties therefore creating a nice clean homogeneous look to the whole structure.

One of the best architectures of Shigeru Ban is the Haesley Nine Bridges Golf Club which was built 2010 in Yeoju. With a set numerical parameters and a structure surface as a reference model, designer will easily generated the detailed and identical framing with the help of digital tools. The girders have almost 7,500 intersection points within this three dimensional structure. With various digital simulation of many operational aspects. For example, the joints connection and bending capability of materials, decrease the actual testing time and bring out efficiency and perfect regularity of intersecting patterns. Matrix of iterations demonstrate the position of various components, with techniques of strip and folding introduced into this particular piece of structure design. Transport this form into other scale or different designing aspect, a potential tree form could be designed as these structure, carried the possibilities of create resting areas for birds or vegetation growing.

B.6 Design Proposal Red Wattle bird

A large, noisy bird grow into 34 to 36 centimeters, which is known to be among the largest honey eater in Australia, feeding on nectar that is obtained by probing flowers, such as eucalyptus and banksias, where the nectar can be easily accessed. Insects are also eaten that is taken from foliage or caught mid-air. Characterized by an aggressive and territorial personality, Red Wattle birds are protective of their food source, particularly against other honey eater species. Display a domineering behavior towards other birds intruding ‘their territory’. Indicated by the Friends of Merri Creek’s annual birdwatch, it is the most common bird specie at the site.

Analysis Aim

My group wants to create a structure that provides a form of habitation, and supporting the needs of the Red Wattle bird, and particularly it is to provide a feeding nest for the Red Wattle bird. Reflecting on Merri Creek’s vision, the structure aims to support biodiversity, increase ecosystem productivity and present a possibility for potential artificial habitation design. The design will provide an educational opportunity for visitors to learn about the local environment, particularly the Red Wattle bird’s, and also increase people’s awareness about local issues, for example pollution of different environment.

RD NEY SYD

BBQ

Cob

urg

Lak e

526 MURRAY RD

561

Community Contemplative Garden

Coburg Olympic Swimming Pool

Group design process over 5 days

513 527 903 BELL ST

Bowden Reserve

EDNA GR ENTRANCE

512

HARDING ST ST ENTRANCE

COBURG

KENDALL ST ENTRANCE

Cable Suspension Bridge

W.H. Robinson Reserve

HALWYN CR ENTRANCE

A.H. Capp Reserve

Strettle Wetland Beau Mende Reserve

Mayer Park

BRUNSWICK

Crane

CERES Centre for Education and Research in Environmental Strategies BLYTHE ST

16 ARTHURTON RD

Phillips Reserve H BBQ

Wales St Quarry Old Weir

Wildlife of Merri Creek

BBQ

SUMMER AVE

H Summer Park

Merri Park

S RD

508

ALBION ST

ST GE

503

Aesthetics Driven by the chosen research field, geometry, the form of the design should be considered as an artistic addition to the site without seeming displaced. It should also demonstrate a sense of creativity and appeal that is not only limited to human users, but also to the chosen specie (inhabitants).

Northcote Public Gold Course

Roberts Reserve

ORGE

510

FYLFE ST ENTRANCE

17 MORELAND RD Abarahams Reserve

BBQ

506

EPPING LINE

Hall Reserve SPENSLEY ST ENTRANCE

CLIFTON HILL

Yambla Reserve Quarries Park RAMSDEN ST ENTRANCE

Dights Falls

BBQ

THE

CLIFTON HILL STATION

HEIDLEBERG

12 NADE

QUEENS PDECoulson Reserve

WESTGARTH STATION Oldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Garden

A ESPL

HURTSBRIDGE LINE

E AD AR E C EP TH RAN T EN

M HA NIG NCE CUN NTRA E ST

RUSHALL STATION

RO S EN S ST TRA NC E

NORTH FITZROY

158 246 250 251

GE OR G

MERRI STATION

ROSENEATH ST ENTRANCE

Adaptability Considering the ever-changing conditions of our climate, it should be considered whether the design can adapt and withstand to these changes. Its intervention with other existing natural inhabitants must also be recognized.

BBQ

T.H. Westfield Reserve

Walker St Reserve

Ramsden St Reserve 10 VICTORIA PARK STATION

ERN

EAST

FWY

Site Analysis & Criteria of design concept

Constructibility Constructibility is another significant factor as it criticized the ability of how the iterations can be produced into reality. Therefore, to avoid the fabrication issues often experienced in parametric design, the constructibility of the design should be taken into consideration at an early stage. Functionality Ability for the design to meet the design- in providing a habitat and space to facilitate the needs of the chosen specie. It is important for the design to hold a purpose, rather than establishing a design that adds no â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;realâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; benefit to the Merri Creek community. Interactive Potential Interactivity is another significant feature of the design. The design should respond to Merri Creekâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objectives, in promote public community awareness and understanding of the landscape. Thus, the structure should help to facilitate further community involvement, and increase environmental and local knowledge.

Aesthetics Adaptability Constructibility Functionality Interactive Potential

PROTOTYPE 1.0 Polypropylene (0.6mm)

PROTOTYPE 2.0 Lauan Plywood

These interior and exterior rendering images demonstrate the scale of the components and the sizes of the actual pavilion compared to human figure, bird sizes and small insects and bugs. Not only tubes and all these extruded components can be recognized as habitation area for insects, bugs and a feeding area for birds, but also the gaps between each components and this complex structure itself. We planed to create this semi-pavilion and semi-habitation architecture in the site, a research learning location for people who come into Merri Creek, as a landscape. We created this organic forms by digital form generation and chose the best performance final iteration according to our criteria system. Large number of small dots and holes were placed onto the extruded components to create more ventilation for the system but more important to create more circulation for the bugs and insects. We created prototypes of those extruded components and test the bending, different materials performance, provided various ways of material connections and positions. We had polypropylene prototype and lunan plywood prototype covering all these experimenting aspects to test and do laser cuts.

Construction Process Start Designing Choosing concepts

Material Testing for Potential Choices

Different choices of materials and connections testing

Analysis of site environment

Habitation, temperature, wind direction, shading

Generate structural composition Using grasshopper to find the form, layout matrix

Develop application for the council and confirm engagement with builder

Getting certification for this project and getting preparation for building process

Fabricate panels and tubes

Digital fabrication to produce components

Taking components to site

Transport various components from lab

Assemble components on site Pavilion to Habitat Wait and observe the process of the pavilion has its designed function as a habitat

Feeding nest as Silver Banksia

Archive the original design concept and create a habitat as well as a pavilion at Merri Creek

B.7 Learning Objectives and Outcomes Part B was made up of a large range of design tasks and research fields, which aims to find a particular solution that can be responded to our design brief at Merri Creek. With development of grasshopper techniques, I could easily generate large range of experimenting iterations. With experiments of different grasshopper inputs, I could find frames, create regular patterns of webs or grids, and dynamic geometry. By completing various group tasks, sharing design ideas and concepts with other classmates, we could listen and exchange ideas about different design proposals and prototypes experiments. My group was considering picking up a specific animal as main focus and to find connection and to generate relationship among different design field which is another interesting journey for part B. Group projects as this can be challenging for every one in the class especially when we are exchanging our ideas among grasshopper forms generation and animal community relationships, although our prototypes did not quite achieve and emphasis our design proposal, which is a good experiment and can be improved with more adjustments and considerations.

As the result for part B, I was expecting to produce a better research journey and design outcomes. There was lack of research of prototypes and physical experiments for the design process. I believe if I put more time and consideration for part C, I could help my group to achieve a more convincing project at final proposal. Finalize various design aspects among different research fields and think in detail of the project. We need to create a more realistic habitable project which will definitely include the consideration of scale, weight, sizes of components and structures, to create and generate more iterations as visual disarms analysis.

Part C

DETAILED DESIGN

RE: LEAF

C.1 DESIGN CONCEPT As the brief mentioned, one of the key points for generating and producing the animal habitation is not to replace its habitat environment from natural structure into an artificial one, but to speed up natural process by parametric design testing and material finding. The design for part B was trying to create an bird feeding spaced as well as a human interacting pavilion to observe, research and study. Reconsidering the facts and foundation of part B design was an important and necessary process. So, I get down to the origin of our brief to reconsider the fundamental solution of animal habitation potential, and how to remain sustainability and protection of natural spaces. We designers need to think about creating or generating methods or solutions for efficient ways of sustaining the natural elements and spaces. Instead of occupying and manipulating an animalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s habit by creating an artificial structure or a form to replace or represent a tree trunk or bark, I am aiming to accelerate the natural process of organic forming and generating the original habitation. I personally believe that it is unwise for us to be studying and understanding the behavior of a particular type of bird or caterpillar because we as humans are unable to fully comprehend their unique characteristics and therefore should not be attempting to design and make the decisions of form and structures for animals, because we can only observe and record the behavior but people will not understand the reason and the animals perspective.

The Australian Magpie is one of the birds that live in the urban context that also feed on insects such as worms and grubs. They forage on the ground looking for insects their larvae.1

https://www.hbw.com/ibc/photo/australian-magpie-cracticus-tibicen/birdmouthful-worms

The Common Myna is another bird that lives in the Urban environment. This bird is known to eat almost everything, from fruits to insects and even cannibalism of other fledglings.2

https://studentprojectworks.wordpress.com/2015/08/07/what-does-birdseat/

The Superb Fairy-Wren is a small bird that is common in urban parks and gardens. They form small social groups and feed on small insects together.3 1

Birds in Backyards, ‘Australian Magpie’ , Birds in Backyards revised N.D <http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/species/Cracticus-tibicen> [4 June, 2018]

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/forum/Male-Superb-Fairy-wren-0

Birds in Backyards, ‘Common Myna’ , Birds in Backyards revised N.D <http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/species/Sturnus-tristis> [4 June, 2018] 3 Birds in Backyards, ‘Superb Fairy-Wren’ , Birds in Backyards revised N.D <http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/species/Malurus-cyaneus> [4 June, 2018]

Bark Research & Study

A tree bark research and measurement is the first task for designing. A thorough consideration of depth and width of each cracks or curves. A north facing facade is dry and rough, with more breaks and extruded barks and pieces all over the breaks. To mimic barks is our consideration of creating the habitation.

Tom and I created 600x600 range of bark surface to record data to form into a contour map, measuring all the potential deep or shallow spaces, distinctive depth into the surface of the tree trunk and barks to make the space more three dimensional and interesting. We found spiders and caterpillars on the surface of the tree who are traveling inside and out the barks cracks and building webs inside the barks, but according to observing, the bark structures and depth, width of each cracks and barks did not influence the way of caterpillars traveling and the positions of spider webs. By relating the barks into part B case study, the outcome is to find the possibilities for a potential spaces into designing various interior spaces in different scales, but to create an animal habitation referencing to barks and other organic forms will not be convincing that the animals would be influenced by a north facing facade of tree surfaces and barks forms. Fern and I wanted to try multiple parametric experiments of form finding through the data and researches.

First we tried imagine sampling the bark surfaces with width data of the barks into the iterations. The design concept and form was still not decided during this process and according to these iterations, the parametric way and designing is just mimicking the surface without any three dimensional adjustment in depth, but this is our first approach towards our design outcome.

Grid pinching was another attempt from us, with the help of Ariane to create the script of these sharp intersections and crossings. According to Fernâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s previous group consideration of panels for birds feeding area, the crossings and structures are sharp and fixed corners, parametrically can not achieve the outcomes that we were looking after.

Last we used point and line chargers to manipulate fields and to form into various geometries. These iterations are considered as the best outcomes for parametrically generating the bark structures and surfaces. With dense and spread out lines and curves, we can recreate the barks into laser cut by controlling breaking curves easily and sufficiently to create a potential replacement textures or structures for the researched bark form.

Wind Analysis As we are doing the form finding of bark mimicking, we started to consider about the potential relation of bark patterns with panel habitation for bird as a feeding area. With the critical thinking and questions from our tutor Dan and his friend Simon, we started to consider the parametric outcome into various scales and trying to find other potential for our projects. After brain storming about our prospects and reconsideration for the brief, we questioned to ourselves about how we can really build an animal habitation with limited understanding of their movement and over consideration of all potential symbiotic relations in this particular environment. Many questions came up after we had these brain storms, even we wanted to design a feeding area for the birds for preying upon insects, but to gather birds into this particular spots around this environment will also attract more predators and may endanger our bird clients? Eventually we identify a specific direction of speeding up the composting process of leaves and died vegetation by collecting more amount of them and centralize them into a structure. By using wind to collect more leaves in terms of provide a more centralized space for insects and bugs, in order to attract more birds or foxes or other animals here. But first, by using different grasshopper pugins, we studied and researched the wind directions of our sites and wanted to simulation how to position and create the structure in order to collect more leaves.

https://wind.willyweather.com.au/vic/melbourne/campbellfield.html

Fixed Direction Wind Simulation By using the plug-in called Boid, parametrically simulate a particular direction wind and how the leaves are traveling inside the structures and forms. Fern and I tried multiple potential simple geometries made up of two panels for each form and tested. Catchability is the focusing for our design, the best outcome or what we aiming for is to simulate the best performed catchablitiy composition and used it as a reference for the overall structure. We set fixed time and wind direction for each iterations and parametrically recorded the paths into polylines to predict where the leaves end up inside or outside the structure.

Catchability