He 18 2 issuu

THE

HOTEL ENGINEER OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF HOTEL ENGINEERING

PP 319986/101

Volume 18 Number 2 July 2013

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Publishers

The Hotel Engineer The Official Publication of the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering

LETTER

I

t’s always good to get some feedback from advertisers and writers.

In the last edition we had some positive response from both, thank you to those people whom took the time to contact us with your comments.

Ramiz Gabrial was a new contributor for us with his Green Washing article, having worked as an Engineer in many parts of the world, one of the most interesting and challenging places for an engineer to work would have to be the Gulf. In his second article he talks about his time spent there and the extreme challenges and conditions engineers and other workers face.

We asked Wendy Hird to write for us again, this time she updates everyone on the various energy saving schemes available to hotels.

Allan Firth heads up the Carpet Institute of Australia, it’s been many years since he last wrote for us. In this issue he gives an excellent overview of the Australian Carpet Manufacturing Industry and advises the necessary basics for anyone involved in organising new flooring for their facility.

Everyone is now aware, at the end of this year that the Analogue television channels will be switched off and there is a change to digital only televisions. Most Hotels use wireless microphones in their

Adbourne Publishing 18/69 Acacia Road Ferntree Gully, VIC 3156 PO Box 735, Belgrave, VIC 3160 www.adbourne.com Editorial Consultant Max Agnew Editorial Contributor Thomas Johnson

ADVERTISING Melbourne: Neil Muir T: (03) 9758 1433 F: (03) 9758 1432 E: neil@adbourne.com Adelaide: Robert Spowart T: 0488 390 039 E: robert@adbourne.com PRODUCTION Emily Wallis T: (03) 9758 1436 E: production@adbourne.com

conference areas, these microphones use the same UHF broadcast spectrum as the TV. We asked Jands to explain how this may affect you.

While we are talking Conferences, Pete Swanson’s article on the changing world of conference technology makes for real interesting reading.

In this issue we have the first of a two part article on Emergency procedures, in the next issue Greg Muir will follow this up with a look at the responsibilities of the facility manager in implementing the emergency plans.

Our front cover is a picture of the Holiday Inn Sydney Airport, we have a case study on their upgrade and energy savings that are being achieved.

We also have articles on Co and Trigeneration, OH&S, Mould and bedbugs... hopefully something for everyone.

Finally, though retired, still a great supporter of the AIHE and this magazine with his regular contribution of “Back of House”, we wish Neil Weenink a full and hasty recovery after his recent hospital visit.

Regards Neil Muir

Administration Robyn Fantin T: (03) 9758 1431 E: admin@adbourne.com Marketing Tania Lamanna T: (03) 9500 0285 E: tlamanna@bigpond.net.au SUBSCRIPTIONS Enquiries: (03) 9758 1431 Fax: (03) 9758 1432 Email: admin@adbourne.com

AIHE State Presidents Ian Crookston, QLD E: ian.crookston@ihg.com Anura Yapa, NSW E: Anura.Yapa@shangri-la.com David Zammit,VIC E: david.zammit@hyatt.com Tony Fioraso, WA E: tony.fioraso@burswood.com.au

Adbourne Publishing cannot ensure that the advertisers appearing in The Hotel Engineer comply absolutely with the Trades Practices Act and other consumer legislation.

The responsibility is therefore on the person, company or advertising agency submitting the advertisement(s) for publication.

Adbourne Publishing reserves the right to refuse any advertisement without stating the reason. No responsibility is accepted for incorrect information contained in advertisements or editorial.The editor reserves the right to edit, abridge or otherwise alter articles for publication.

All original material produced in this magazine remains the property of the publisher and cannot be reproduced without authority. The views of the contributors and all submitted editorial are the author’s views and are not necessarily those of the publisher.

3

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CONTENTS 6

AIHE State News

12 Savings in an Airport hotel 17 Warm Water System 21 The Energy Savings Scheme 25 SPARC 2013 a great success!

28 Design & Construction in the Gulf 31 Is this the (digital divid-)end

28

34 The Collaborative Conference 36 Emergency Procedures 40 OHS 43 Poor Indoor Air Quality & Mould Growth in Commercial Buildings 50 Can Bed Bugs be Prevented?

52 Cogeneration & Trigeneration 59 Wormald Urges Hotel Management to Consider Impact of Fire 61 Australian Carpet 68 Back of House

43

52

70 Regulation Update 73 Filtration Finesse

Front cover shows The Holiday Inn, Sydney Airport. Further information can be found on page 12.

Courtesy of Enman Pty Ltd.

5

AIHE STATE

NEWS NEW SOUTH WALES It’s hard to believe that we have already reached the half yearly mark, the AIHE NSW Chapter have been productive and eventful during the last few months and have hosted the following meetings.

In April, we held a meeting at Novotel/ IBIS Hotel Darling Harbour. I would like to sincerely thank both Art Abad, the Hotel Chief Engineer and Trevor McCarren the Regional Technical Manager of Accor for organising this event.

George Roberedo from Infinity Fire Protection held a discussion on Australian Standards AS1851-2012, on Fire Services Maintenance & Testing. This was followed by distributing information on Swimming Pool & Spa safety barriers by Issy Sher from Glasshopper Pty Ltd. We would like to thank both George and Issy for their informative presentations which covered on above topics. A special thanks goes to Hotel General Manager Ruwan Peiris for providing this beautiful venue and the meeting was fully sponsored by the Novotel Darling Harbour.

Just a couple of weeks after the April meeting, our committee met at Shangri-La Hotel. It was a great opportunity for me to host the Committee meeting after a long period of time, which I thoroughly enjoyed.

We discussed our meetings calendar for the year, and a proposal was made to award Life Membership of the AIHE for a member who has contributed his time and effort to the industry. Further, we briefly discussed the Institute promotional marketing pack

6

proposed by WA Chapter and also the collection of membership subscriptions from non-financial members etc., After finalising our discussions, the evening carried on with the accompaniment of great evening at Shangri-La Blu Bar, an exclusive cocktail lounge located high above the city, which allowed the committee to enjoy the breathtaking views of Darling Harbour, Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Opera House.

I would also like to comment on the results of the survey conducted by AIHE among its members. According to the survey most of us welcome the change to the commencing time of Chapter Meetings from 6:30 PM to 4:30 PM. Also, the Australian Safety Standards and Annual Safety Certification were indicated as the most interesting topics by the respondents of the survey.

I would like to thank Ian Crookston for organising our recent State Presidents Meeting held in Gold Coast at InterContinental Sanctuary Cove Resort.

We have planned to have the next meeting in Melbourne around August.

The June meeting was a site visit to Camfil Farr where John Mediati presented and discussed ‘the importance of good air filtration for hotel’. Special thanks to Bruce Landford the Managing Director of Camfil Farr Australia Pty Ltd for allowing us to

have the meeting at their premises and providing a delicious food and refreshments.

(Attached photo is the group of members attended the site visit) On another note, I am thrilled to share that 5 finalists out of 7 in the ‘ Engineer of the Year’ category for the TAA awards 2013, are members of the Institute of Hotel Engineering NSW chapter. A huge congratulation to the following colleagues who are in the finalists list.

• Andy Goonesekara – Intercontinental Sydney • Anura Yapa – Shangri-la Sydney • Craig Cavers – Hilton Sydney • Cyru Tolentino – Sydney Harbour Marriott & • David Thomson – Holiday Inn Sydney Airport There are a few new membership applications pending confirmation, with this note I would like to welcome the new members to the chapter and look forward to seeing a few new faces in our monthly meetings.

The NSW Chapter wishes all the best to all our readers.

Anura Yapa JP President – AIHE NSW chapter

VICTORIA Blah David Zammit President AIHE Victoria Chapter

WESTERN AUSTRALIA Blah Tony Fioraso President AIHE Western Australia

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7

VICTORIA With David Zammit away and enjoying the European summer I have been asked to fill you in on what has been going on in Victoria.

Melbourne has seen some of its coldest June days on record. If it wasn’t for the fiery footy season the cold days and long nights would be unbearable.The Lions tour of Australia has brought some extra occupancy in our usually quiet month of June. Can’t remember the last time I saw that many guys in skirts.

April saw a well attended meeting at the Hilton on the Park (thanks Don), with Brendon Granger presenting on the latest gadgets and hotel technology.Thanks Brendon for an informative presentation with a lot of food for thought and staggering statistics.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA In April the Western Australian Chapter held its annual golf day at Joondalup golf course.

The weather was fantastic and the day was a success with 80 players participating.

There were plenty of prizes to go around at the dinner after the game and we truly thank our sponsors for there continued support: Taubmans-PPG Western Australian Mechanical SITA Perrott Painting Precision Carpets Water Corporation – half sponsor Higgins Coatings AMPAC

8

For May the Vic chapter had a brief interruption from our normal regular meeting schedule.

of previous excursions like, MCG, Etihad Stadium and Melbourne Aquatic Centre.

After a month off, we had a big turnout for our June meeting. Held at the Novotel St Kilda (thanks Greg), with Soudi Noori from SRES presenting on risk management. Soudi, provided us again with interesting facts and ways to improve on our risk and contractor management procedures. Peter Barbour did a great job as MC and barrel girl making sure that the three door prizes were distributed to worthy recipients. Door prizes courtesy of: Woodlands interiors, SRES and Clevertronics.

We are aiming at boosting our membership base with this event. If you are a hotel engineer or stakeholder within our industry in Victoria and do not receive our meeting invites and/ or would like to join the Victorian Chapter of the AIHE, send us a request for a membership application? Alternatively, use the membership application in the back of this edition of “The Hotel Engineer”.

For July, our meetings co-ordinator (Stephen Docherty) has organised an excursion to the EUREKA TOWER. More details for this red carpet event will be mailed out to all Victorian Members.This meeting is likely to win the popularity contest in the impressive line up

Otis Elevator Company Thorn/Lamp Replacements – co sponsors HFM Assets Clean away ThyssenKrupp Elevator Australia In May the meeting was held in the GHD offices with a presentation from David Chokolich (principal consultant) on delivering a Green Star Project.

The meeting was well attended with over 30 attendees.

David gave an overview on the services provided by GHD and then explained about: Why Green Star was developed for the property industry in order to: • establish a common language

david.zammit@hyatt.com anton.vandenbrink@sofitel.com steven.docherty@hyatt.com Kind regards Anton Van den Brink Vice President – AIHE Victoria Chapter

• raise awareness of the benefits of sustainable design, construction and urban planning.

Green star categories and engineering services required to deliver a Green Star Project outcome were also discussed in detail.

The June meeting has been pushed out to July for a site visit to the Perth Arena.

Western Australian membership remains strong but we still need more Hotel Engineers/ Maintenance Mangers to join this great networking opportunity.

I encourage General Managers to assist in providing the time and resources for there Engineers to attend these events because the knowledge and advice is a great source of benefit for the property they manage.

• set a standard of measurement for built environment sustainability

Regards

• promote integrated, holistic design;

Tony Fioraso President – AIHE Western Australia

• recognise environmental leadership; • identify and improve life-cycle impacts; and

9

Grosvenor’s presentation focussed on ‘How we can use data to spend money on A/C as wisely as possible’.

The starting point is to have detailed information of your A/C asset portfolio such as: • The type of plant and equipment • Their age and replacement cost • The unresolved operational problems with this plant and equipment (i.e. outstanding issues)

QUEENSLAND 2nd Quarterly Report In April, after a hot breakfast in the Fireplace Restaurant at the InterContinental Sanctuary Cove Resort, the Qld Chapters AGM was held.

The newly elected committee are as follows: President Ian Crookston Vice President Stephen Coombs Treasure Geoff Baldwin Secretary Bev Allen Meeting Coordinator Lindsay Slade Committee Member Paul Anderson Committee Member Frank Beeson Committee Member Claude Del Pellegrino Committee Member Geoff Heron Committee Member Paul Truman Committee Member Wayne Street May’s meeting was held at the InterContinental Sanctuary Cove with a presentation by Nicholas Lianos – Managing Director of Grosvenor Engineering Group. Grosvenor specialise in Maintenance, Repairs and Refurbishment of A/C and Fire services assets in buildings.

They currently maintain in excess of 9,000 buildings across Australia and have over 200,000 assets under maintenance. With in excess of 350 employees and offices throughout the east coast of Australia including Brisbane.

10

• The expenditure and work history of each asset making up the A/C system Once you have this data it’s possible to carry out continuous financial benchmarking of the A/C portfolio such as: • Preventative Maintenance should be no less than .7% and no more than 1.5% (For portfolios that are geographically dispersed across Australia you need to double this) • Average spend over 20yr life of HVAC assets should be <7% • Breakdown spend should be <$1 per $1 of Maintenance Spend.

For 5 star hotels it should be as low as $0.15) Nicholas explained that in gathering and digitising technician generated data from a building, as they do for buildings they maintain.

It allows you to show large property owners the cost impact of premature ageing of their A/C asset portfolio as reflected in the bringing forward of capital expenditure.

For example: A portfolio of almost 5,000 assets with a replacement cost of approximately $30,000,000 would degrade in value by $9,000,000 if the life of all the assets was shortened by 3 years compared to their expected life at the time of installation. This means accelerated asset life destruction due to poor maintenance practices would be

almost $3,000,000 per year or roughly 10% of the value of the assets.

Note: This calculation assumes 3% inflation rate on replacement value of each asset and 10% cost of capital, based on 4,873 assets in the portfolio used in the example.

These normally invisible costs (which exclude energy costs) need to be taken into account when creating strategic plans for pro-active management of A/C assets.

The presentation also focussed on future trends such as the use of A/C asset data to lower energy costs via emerging data aggregation technologies that act as high level overlays on existing Building Management Systems (i.e. BMS).

Grosvenor uses these technologies to deliver energy management and sustainability services however it also believes such operational data can be used in other ways as well.

Combining A/C asset, BMS and energy data together with technician data as well as building occupant feedback data presents a ground breaking data pool of knowledge.

This data pool can be mined and used to not only lower the energy consumption of buildings but more importantly lower the total life cycle cost of technical assets (i.e. energy and labour maintenance and repair costs) without compromising building safety, comfort or energy efficient.

Appreciation and thanks was given to Nicholas Lianos for making the trip interstate to do the presentation. The evening concluded with some lucky attendees wining prizes donated by Grosvenor, followed by drinks and an assortment of finger food.

Ian Crookston AIHE – Qld Chapter President

*Illustration purposes only E&OE

11

Savings

in an Airport hotel Paul Briggs I Sustainability & Projects Co-ordinator, Schwartz Family Company Anwar Ahmed I Principle Energy Consultant, Enman Pty Ltd

Introduction Energy costs are one of the major operating costs of a business hotel. Improving energy efficiency can significantly improve the bottom line profit and environmental footprint of the hotel. The Holiday Inn is a 4 star hotel situated in the precinct of a busy airport in Mascot, Sydney.

The hotel is owned by the Schwartz Family Company who have a strong commitment and company philosophy in sustainable practices, conservation and reducing their carbon footprint through energy, waste and water reductions through the implementation of projects that fulfil these ideals.

The feasibility study of the hotel for an energy management control system was conducted by Enman Pty Ltd, an energy consulting company who specialises in energy savings through advanced and optimal control strategies. The reports and findings from this initial study highlighted the benefits that the Holiday Inn could obtain and the Schwartz Family Company at that time took the opportunity of

12

applying for the Ausindustry Green Building Fund (GBF). This program was introduced by the Commonwealth Government to commercial buildings in raising efficiencies, reducing energy and carbon emissions.

• Implementation of a building management system which used as a platform for the energy management control system

Due to the merit of the application and proposal the Government granted funds to implement the energy management control system (EMCS)

• Upgrading the instrumentation system to monitor critical parameters for energy optimisation and performance monitoring

An energy management control system is a unique energy management and energy saving program which is required to improve the infrastructure of the hotel, including; Building management system (BMS), HVAC modification and variable speed drives. The system monitors energy usage and performance, controls the demand of electricity and provides advanced control optimising Chiller, cooling tower, pumps, fans and HVAC equipment.

It also provides a strategy to reduce waste of energy such as not operating chillers and boilers when they are not necessary.

Such a system not only reduces energy costs but also assists in extending the service life cycle of equipment. Its energy and performance monitoring tools also provide the foundation for ongoing performance improvements of the hotel.

Project Enman was awarded to implement the entire energy management program.

This includes; • Upgrading the HVAC system to introduce economy cycle

• Introducing variable speed drives for all major pumps and fans

• An EMS works as a brain with higher level control for intelligent decisions, optimisation of equipment performance, energy and performance monitoring and reporting.

The hierarchy of this energy management system is shown in Fig 1.

EMS

BMS HVAC, Field equipment & Variable Speed Drives

Figure 1: Hierarchy of the energy management control system

The schematic of the system architecture in fig 2 shows the functional inter relationship of different aspects of the EMS, BMS, VSD and field equipment.

− S et space temperature as high as possible during summer and as low as possible during winter se of VSD in supply and exhaust fans −U to match the heating and cooling load of the building.

Mechanical and VSD Installation All the mechanical modifications and installation of VSD’s were carried out by Dalkia and designed by Enman Pty Ltd.

Variable Speed Drives VSD’s are used to conserve energy when full power is not required by the HVAC system. Today VSDs are used extensively for pumps, fans and chiller compressors to reduce energy waste when the equipment’s operate at part load condition. All VSD’s for pumps and fans were supplied by ABB. Figure 2: System architecture of the EMCS

Energy management system

for multiple chillers. When multiple chillers operate different efficiencies it allocates the load in order to minimize the combined energy required to meet the cooling demand of the hotel

This is a proprietary intellectual product of Enman called Enertrol. The EMS is based on JACE 6 which is a Tridium based controller utilising non-proprietary Niagara framework platform. This JACE 6 can communicate with all modern BMS systems available in the market.

−C hiller lockout. The chiller sometimes runs when there is no requirement of chilled water. This stops the running chiller when it is not required especially during cold weather conditions.

The critical functionality of the EMS is;

• Optimal speed control

• Chiller optimal control. This chiller optimal control provides −C hilled water temperature reset to produce required chilled water at minimum energy required by compressor −C ondenser water temperature reset.

The EMS calculates the condenser or cooling water temperature minimizing combined energy used by chiller compressor and cooling tower fan −D emand limiting of chiller. This is an important function to limit the electricity demand of a chiller especially during chiller start up. −C hiller selection and loading. This is to minimize or eliminate the need

VSD’s are used for major supply/return air fans, kitchen exhaust, toilet exhaust, car park fans and cooling tower fans. Most of these are not conventional feedback controls and require a special model based control algorithm. VSD’s have also been utilised in chilled water and condenser water pumps.

This EMS provides a model based with feedback speed control.

• HVAC control. There are a number of energy saving functions implemented to improve energy efficiency which are; − Air handling units are modified to introduce economy cycle. Economy cycle is free air cooling instead of utilizing the chiller energy. It uses enthalpy based economy cycle

Figure 3 shows how VSD’s can reduce power consumption by changing the speed at a lesser load condition

Figure 3: Power use for a supply air fan

Building management system A BMS is required which works as the backbone of the entire energy management control system. This monitors all field equipment and controls them to provide comfort level and reduce energy consumption. The energy management control system uses a non-proprietary Niagara framework based BMS which is supplied by I control Pty Ltd a Sydney based control system company.

Energy savings This energy management program has already showed considerable energy savings.

This saving can be further improved which

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Table 1: Energy saving and correction analysis

Billing Period

kWh

kWh Previous Year

Saving Kwh

Chiller Temperature Total Percentage Demand Demand Saving Saving Savings of Savings kVA kVa Adjustment Adjustment Previous Year

Jul 2012 Aug 2012 Sep 2012 Oct 2012 Nov 2012

182,734

189,251

6,517

12,750

‐

19,267

10

540

‐

179,212

188,553

9,341

12,750

‐

22,091

12

540

‐

176,255

183,062

6,807

12,750

‐

19,557

11

540

‐

188,350

195,978

7,628

12,750

‐

20,378

10

540

‐

194,152

213,375

19,223

12,750

‐

31,973

15

540

‐

Dec 2012

219,596

184,410

‐ 35,186 12,750

35,100

12,664

7

540

‐

Jan 2013

245,213

205,631

‐ 39,582 12,750

39,200

12,368

6

540

673

Feb 2013

214,340

395,748

181,408 12,750

‐

194,158 49

540

540

Mar 2013 Apr 2013 May 2013

Total

226,558

403,843

177,285 12,750

‐

190,035 47

463

540

195,496

227,968

32,472

12,750

‐

45,222

20

448

540

194,432

207,535

13,103

12,750

‐

25,853

13

448

540

593,566 22.9

2,216,338 2,595,354 379,016

are identified through this comprehensive energy monitoring system.

The achieved energy saving during the last 12 months have been analysed as follows with and without adjustment to weather condition, occupancy rate and equipment malfunctions as shown in table 1.

Figure 4 shows the electricity use month by month from the electricity bill.

The actual energy (ELECTRICITY) saving without any adjustment is 413,472kWh/year and the cost saving is $55,322/year @ 13.38 Cents/kWh The adjusted energy (ELECTRICITY) saving is 593566 kWh/year and the cost saving is $79,419.00/year

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Figure 4: Electricity use

The demand has reduced from 673 kVa to 448 kVa providing a cost saving of $26,730/year.

The adjusted energy saving is 23% of electricity consumption of the hotel. Also at the same time the electricity demand of the

site has decreased by 225 kVa providing a saving of $26,730.00/year This provides a total saving of • Without adjustment : $82,052.00/year

chillers with invertor technology will provide over 200% more energy efficiency than the current chiller. This will reduce energy consumption and carbon emission further.

The HVAC system has recently been tuned further to provide more energy savings, without compromising the comfort levels of hotel guests and patrons.

Conclusion Figure 5: Ambient temperature

Figure 6: Ambient temperature

• With adjustment : $106,149.00/year OR 23% OF Electricity consumption

2,417,823 kWh/year with a carbon emission of 2,562,892 kg of CO2-e/year

Environmental footprint before and after

This is an emission reduction of 438,280kg of CO2-e/year.

The total electricity consumed by the hotel before this project implementation was 2,831,295kWh/year with an annual carbon emission of 3,001,172 kg of CO2-e.

Electricity used after the energy management program was implemented is

Immediate plan and ongoing opportunities From the success of this project, the Schwartz Family Company has decided to replace the old multi stack chiller with two state of the art Powerpax chillers which are environmentally friendly. The powerpax

Enman is a highly specialised energy management company dedicated in energy efficiency improvement, carbon reduction and preformance contracts with a proven track record.

Enman’s services • Energy/water audit and NABERS rating • Project engineering and management for major projects including turnkey supply for: - Chiller system upgrade - Boiler system upgrade - Control system upgrade BMS/HEMS - Variable speed drive, control and optimisation - HVAC Upgrade - LED lamps and lighting upgrade - Room management system - Co/Tri generation • Assist in government subsidies and funding • Assist in carbon trading

The energy management control system provided the infrastructure to provide and assist ongoing energy saving opportunities.

It identified all the bottleneck of the HVAC system. The energy saving will grow further as the bottleneck of some inefficient HVAC operations are rectified. It is also possible to save additional energy by tuning the control system further which has to be compromised with the comfort level of the hotel. The Schwartz Family Company has an ongoing commitment in investigating and incorporating the very best in technologies and developments to reduce their carbon footprint.

Enman’s promise: Energy reduction up to 50% depending upon current energy efficiency Benefit: • Higher energy saving from conventional control reducing your carbon footprint further • Demand reduction Enman’s product Hotel energy management system (HEMS) is the ultimate control, monitoring reporting and housekeeping to reduce energy consumption of your hotel incorporating Enman’s cutting edge technology.

Saving: Enman’s HEMS can provide 15-30% energy & carbon reduction of the hotel Features • Chiller optimal control and performance monitoring • Advanced optimal control of variable speed drives for all pumps, fans, plant and equipment • Advanced HVAC Control • Demand management and control • Energy performance

Phone: 61 3 9877 2266 • Website: www.enman.com.au

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16

Warm Water System Legionella Risk Management for Hotels

Dr Vyt Garnys I Principal Consultant and Managing Director of CETEC Pty Ltd

With the recent Legionella outbreak at a hospital in Brisbane, it is a timely reminder; have you recently conducted a risk assessment of your warm water delivery system?

H

ealth regulations in Australia regarding Legionella control in water piping differ from state-to-state. In all states however, building owners and operators have a duty of care to provide a safe environment for guests, visitors and staff. In addition to the trauma suffered by an individual and their family, the negative publicity arising from a Legionella-infected hotel guest exposed during a stay could be catastrophic for a hotelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s branding.

What is Legionella?

Legionella bacteria including Legionella pneumophila (the cause of Legionnairesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; disease) are naturally present in the environment and can be found in all water bodies and soils. Cooling towers and warm water systems provide ideal conditions for Legionella bacteria to multiply to significant numbers, within these systems. The operation of cooling towers and warm water systems generate aerosols, which can then distribute Legionella bacteria. People exposed to the aerosol can inhale the Legionella bacteria, which may lead to an infection known as legionellosis. Legionellosis is a notifiable disease that must be reported in all states and territories of Australia to the relevant health department. Detailed investigations are conducted which aim to identify the source of an outbreak, and negligent building owners and operators can be prosecuted.

To reduce the incidence of legionellosis, including Legionnairesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; disease, the various states and the federal government have been developing a more comprehensive strategy since 2000.

This has included a strengthened regulatory framework, increased maintenance requirements and legal responsibilities for landowners and operators of cooling tower and warm water systems.

Warm Water Delivery Systems Every state of Australia has different regulations for Legionella risk management and guidelines for warm water systems. Whilst we advise that state based guidelines should be followed, they are generally inadequate to eliminate Legionella that has already established in a delivery system. At best, they are a continuing maintenance guide, which control rather than eliminate the hazard.

Furthermore, a failure to follow stringent maintenance procedures can lead to an outbreak that may result in fatal health consequences.

Dead Legs The definition of a dead leg is a branch at least the length of the pipe diameter. Dead legs are the curse of all building managers and a firm favourite for Legionella and other bacterial accumulation.

They house soil, plant and microbial debris as well as biofilms that provide ideal growth media for a wide range of bacterial species. Of particular concern, in unflushed and un-sanitized (i.e. low chlorine residuals) dead legs, is the amplification of specific bacterial and fungal growth. In addition, what is not often considered or assessed, is the production of metabolite chemicals from these species.

The management of dead legs is often simplified to removal and/or irrigation. However, in practice, access can be very difficult and highly disruptive in a busy hotel. The smaller dead legs can be difficult to find, since larger diameter dead legs can be difficult to manage simply because freezing or other isolation techniques are challenging.

It has been well recognised that fittings such as showerheads and taps can be points of accumulation and can act as dead legs.

On a positive note, there are now manufacturers who are designing tapware that will minimise these risks.

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Practical Control Measures As indicated in most state based Legionella risk guidelines, action should start with a detailed audit and inspection of the plumbing system and a concurrent update of the building plans. A proper maintenance procedure for all fittings, including thermal mixing valves (TMV) is essential, for not only minimising microbial contamination, but also to assess that they are operating correctly.

even delays in the availability of sterile bottles and lab supplies for sampling. The commercial consequences of a Legionella outbreak, even if it isn’t fatal, can be very severe and long lasting. A shopping centre reported a five year recovery before normal business levels were returned.

Despite not being encouraged by all state guidelines, probably the most effective defence against surprise infections is to establish a regular water monitoring program. This should include not only Legionella testing – but also heterotrophic plate count (HPC) testing – since the latter can be an early indicator of system or local contamination. The use of a NATA accredited laboratory is highly recommended. Expertise is required in order to properly assess microbial results, and elements such as sampling, storage and transport must also be considered.

The detailed management plan in the event of a Legionella outbreak, should also consider human resources strategies to manage scenarios involving possible escalations. It is feasible that in some cases union personnel, contractors and/or staff may not wish to enter an infected building. The use of professional outrage and media management techniques should also be considered in the management plan. The impact of media must not be underestimated, and appropriately managed this can be beneficial to a rapid return to business (e.g. Melbourne Aquarium). Negative media coverage can impact not only the specific local site, but more importantly the entire business brand or hotel chain.

Management

Cold Water

A detailed risk management plan (RMP) should not only consider maintenance and technical issues but also a clear plan on what to do when Legionella or high microbial levels are detected.

The focus on the development of Legionella risk guidelines is almost always on cooling towers and warm water systems with the contamination in cold water systems often being neglected.

It can be difficult to obtain rapid test results during a crisis. During a recent facility infection that was made public due to a death, the high demand from other similar facilities for laboratory testing of water samples led to long delays in test results across Australia and

Cold water system can be contaminated by earthworks, repairs and other water supply quality issues and can seed warm water system either directly or through thermal mixing values (TMV).

In addition, the placement of cold water pipes may cause the water

ams Laboratories’ scientific standing and expertise make the company a most valuable resource as both an analytical laboratory and as consultants.

Using internationally approved methods, standards, equipment and guidelines, ams Laboratories is NATA accredited, TGA licensed and registered with the FDA. ams Laboratories offers microbiological analysis, consultancy and training services which include:

• Air monitoring of Operating Theatre and Clean Room environments • In-house cleaning effectiveness studies (disinfectant & sanitiser qualification) • Microbiological evaluation of water systems (including Legionella testing) • Cytotoxicity studies (medical devices) • Sterility & Endotoxin (dialysis fluids) testing ams Laboratories – Sydney 8 Rachael Close, Silverwater NSW 2128 Ph: 02 9704 2300

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www.amslabs.com.au info@amslabs.com.au

ams Laboratories – Brisbane 2/120 Bluestone Circuit, Seventeen Mile Rocks QLD 4073 Ph: 07 3295 0550

temperature to rise above normal ambient conditions, especially if they are adjacent to warm water pipes, refrigeration and/or heating systems, etc. When the water temperature reaches between 30 and 60 degrees, these systems can become breeding grounds for Legionella bacteria that can be released directly from the cold water or be injected, without the high temperature thermal disinfection.

It is common to find active Legionella breeding in the TMVs. When assessing remediation strategies, both cold water and hot water systems should be assessed as potential candidates for disinfection. Building owners and operators also need to consider other microbial sources.

Action Plan So what to do now? Following initial consultation with an experienced consultant, the following items should be conducted in all hotels; • Plumbing Audit (inspection of TMV’s, valves, dead legs, zoning of pipe work, plumbing diagrams updates etc.)

• Water testing for Legionella and HPC

Dr Vyt Garnys is Principal Consultant and Managing Director of CETEC Pty Ltd. The CETEC team of consultants has been conducting cooling tower and warm water risk assessments since 1987.This includes audits and risk management for cleanliness, water treatment, corrosion, technology assessment and chemical composition.

In addition to other hospitals, most recently CETEC have been an external Legionella consultant for The Wesley Hospital in Brisbane and also on their independent expert panel.This project has required a holistic multidisciplinary team approach within the complexities of hospital operations. CETEC has also recently been appointed as a member of Queensland Health’s Water System Expert Panel.

Dr Vyt Garnys has been a Certified Victorian Cooling Tower Auditor since 2002, and is an expert legal witness for Legionella. He also conducted the first commercial Legionella risk workshop in Victoria in 1987.

As well as Legionella risk management, CETEC provides a broad range of scientific services for building owners and operators including but not limited to hazardous materials audits & management, indoor environment quality assessments for occupant wellbeing and mould & corrosion investigations. www.cetec.com.au

• Water temperature audit at outlets • Develop an infection management plan in the event of a positive Legionella result

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The Hotel Corridor Sensor

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The unique ‘orientation mode’ of the PD4 corridor sensor allows for a dimmed lighting level upon no presence detection for sufficient illumination of all environments.

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The Energy Savings Scheme

Wendy Hird I Greenbriar Consulting

This article is just a broad brush of the schemes available out there for anyone who hasn’t already taken advantage of the governments continued drive to push down electricity use.

T

his is NSW centric, though other states have similar scheme.

This link has a list of all state rebates and assistance schemes link http://eex.gov.au/business-support/programs/

Why? We need to be more electrically efficient.

With our governments tendency to privatise the gains and publicise the losses, a continued expansion of the electricity network will only cost the taxpayer money.

The national electrical market has levelled out after decades of continuous growth and looks to be reducing.

“The Australian Energy Market Operator’s (AEMO) 2013 National Electricity Forecasting Report (NEFR) released today shows that electricity use across the National Electricity Market (NEM) is forecast to be 2.4% lower for 2013–14 than estimated in 2012.”

Media release June 28 2013 Australian Energy Market Operator Partly driven by the GFC, but also a combination of some long term programs

kicking in: MEPS (minimum energy performance standards); savings from new building regulations like BASIC, GreenStar, NABERS; continued increases in rooftop PV systems; lower-than-expected growth in most industrial sectors.

Possibly the biggest driver is the sheer cost of electricity driving home more sustainable practices at home and in business. But we need to do more. With increased population growth and the increased connectivity of our lives driving electrical consumption up, without sustained action the use will increase again.

Energy Savings Scheme may make investing in energy efficient equipment more feasible.

It could improve your return on investment and make projects with marginal energy savings more viable

What’s covered?

In NSW the Recognised Energy Savings Activity RESAs are specific activities implemented by an Accredited Certificate Provider that increase the efficiency of electricity consumption or reduce electricity consumption, by: • Modifying equipment or its use

The Energy Savings Scheme

• Replacing equipment

The Energy Savings Scheme (ESS) began 1 July 2009 and is part of the NSW Government’s plan to cut greenhouse gas emissions 60% by 2050. It is legislated to continue until 2020 or until a national scheme is introduced. http://www.ess.nsw.gov.au

• Removing equipment and reducing electricity consumption.

How is it calculated?

An energy savings certificate, or ESC, is equivalent to 1 tonne of carbon dioxide (equivalent), which is equal to 1.06 Megawatt hours of energy. The price varies based on market forces.

The Energy Savings Scheme ESS creates a financial incentive to reduce electricity consumption by encouraging energy savings activities. Including your project in the

• Installing new high efficiency equipment, and/or

It covers a broad range of products, from installation of variable speed drives, to replacing lights, to replacing white goods.

At $500 an application, changing one dishwasher is not worth the effort. But in a complex of serviced apartments the payback of upgrading all clothes washer, dishwasher or refrigerator could be reduced by using ESC. The majority of hotel schemes I have heard of are about lighting retrofits, but there is a broad scope of ways to reduce your power consumption.

How can you calculate the savings from your Recognised Energy

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Savings Activities (RESAs) The NSW a variety of ways to calculate and you should consider upfront how you do this before you start your project. There are three different ways Accredited Certificate Providers can claim energy savings: • the Project Impact Assessment Method – this calculation method is best suited to single projects where the overall reduction in electricity use is a small proportion of total site use and you have no suitable sub metering, i.e. Changing lights from T12 to T5 LED. It’s based on hours of operation, number of lights and the efficiency gains.

• the Metered Baseline Method – this method provides calculation methodologies for use where the RESA(s) materially reduce the electricity consumption of the whole or part of the site, and the energy savings can be determined relative to a baseline energy consumption. This method can be used for buildings with a NABERS rating. If you gain a NABERs electrical star rating increase, you get the ESC. • the Deemed Energy Savings Method – this method provides calculation methodologies for use where the RESA(s) involve installing or replacing a range of common equipment types.

Under these methodologies, the lifetime energy savings can be created upfront.

There are a range of case studies available at http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/ sustainbus/escasestudies.htm.

Who creates ESC? You need to be an approved ESC certificate supplier, but if you are planning on doing a few of these jobs it may be worthwhile undertaking the accreditation process yourself.

Double Up You’ve made a saving in your electricity, double up your savings and use the cash saved to fund more energy savings projects.

What else is out there?

There are a variety of government funded initiatives to pay you to reduce electricity. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/ climatechange/energyefficiencystrategy. htm#ESS

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Energy Efficiency Training Program: The $20-million Energy Efficiency Training Program is a four-year program to build energy efficiency skills in the NSW workforce Energy Efficiency for Small Business Program: The $15-million Energy Efficiency for Small Business Program is providing advice and rebates funding to help 6000 small- and medium-sized businesses cut energy use, saving the average small business $7850 on electricity bills over 10 years Energy Saver – energy efficiency for medium to large organisations: The Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) provides subsidised energy audits and facilitation to help NSW businesses identify and implement energy savings.

An extra $20 million will allow OEH work with an additional 800 mediumto-large organisations on leading-edge waste, water and energy saving measures until June 2013. This will cut energy use in these businesses by at least 10% Sustainable Advantage: The Office of Environment and Heritage’s Sustainable Advantage program has both a series of modules you can undertake (see box) where you, your senior management or your staff are mentored through a series of (or just 1) module to build your own efficiency programs. Apart from free training they also provide subsidised audits. There is also an award for performance which can be used for marketing purposes.

Disclosure:Wendy Hird is on the contractor panel for Sustainable Advantage.

Sustainable Advantage Modules • Business Planning for Sustainability - develop a sustainability road map, including goals and the plans to deliver them

• Supply Chain Management - work with key suppliers and customers to get the best environmental results from products and services

•E nvironmental Risk and Responsibility - undertake risk assessment, education and training to help ensure compliance with environmental law

• Staff Engagement - engage and train your staff to implement your sustainability plans

•R esource Efficiency - reduce waste and use less raw materials, energy and water to improve your bottom line

• External Stakeholder Engagement - build stronger relationships with your community, government, shareholders, suppliers and customers • Carbon Management - identify risks and opportunities, and develop a greenhouse gas inventory

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aser Electrical Noble Park has increased Sofitel Melbourne On Collins’ corridor lighting by 60%, after a six week long project involving the installation of 1.4 km’s of lighting, across 14 floors of accommodation.

This was a unique and challenging project as the hotel is designed in a horse shoe structure. Sofitel Melbourne On Collins previously used energy saving lights which, due to the horse shoe shape, caused the quality of lighting to drop off at certain points.

“We installed high quality continuous LED strips to last the distances of the uniquely shaped building by trenching through the concentrate ceilings to run wiring through each floor,” said David Gibson, CEO, Laser Electrical Noble Park.

Laser Electrical Noble Park was selected by Sofitel Melbourne On Collins for this project, with David and his team having previously worked on a number of projects for the hotel which required complex solutions and raised significant challenges.

“We have a formed a lasting partnership with Laser Electrical Noble Park. They are a reliable team that go the extra mile and since they joined the Laser Network they are in a much better position and can help us on those bigger and better projects,” said Tony Wischer, Assistant Chief Engineer, Sofitel Melbourne On Collins.

As the hotel was fully functioning, some of the challenges Laser faced throughout this project were noise and time restrictions. The installation of the lighting had to have a minimal visual impact, which presented another challenge as Laser had to run cables in areas of solid concrete where there was no access to conceal cables.

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“The staff worked perfectly around hotel guests and were a very devoted team of professionals,” said Wischer.

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HOW TO ACCESS YOUR FINANCIAL INCENTIVES UNDER THE NSW ENERGY SAVINGS SCHEME

NSW Energy Saving Scheme The Energy Saving Scheme is a NSW based energy efficiency scheme. Businesses that save energy by installing, improving or replacing existing equipment such as lighting can access financial incentives. Green Connection Group is an accredited certificate provider under the scheme and can help your business access these financial incentives.

Accredited Certificate Provider Number â&#x20AC;&#x201C; GHGR01763A

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Project Facilitation Green Connection Group is able to provided a range of services to help facilitate commercial lighting upgrades. A flexible approach to project delivery allows your organisation to work with your existing stakeholders and suppliers. Green Connection Group can work with your team to; Identify and select the most suitable products Provide saving calculation & payback periods Work with your existing supply chain or source products directly

Project Management

Work with your existing electrical services provider or deliver installation services Complete all rebate administration and scheme quality assurance Facilitate rebate payments or upfront discounts Contact Green Connection Group today to gain a better understating of how your organisation can access financial incentives for up to 100% of project costs.

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Scheme Administration

Futurebrite™ Technology

SPARC 2013

Our LED lighting products are perfect for hotel lighting as they are of high quality with low energy usage.

They also provide a luxurious atmosphere with comfort and security for their guests.

a great success!

From energy audits to supplying LED lighting only or a total installation on a design and construct basis, FUTUREBRITE™ Technology has the expertise and we continue to explore innovative ideas to suit our clients’ needs for each and every occasion.

Bryan Douglas I CEO Lighting Council Australia

The FUTUREBRITE™ LED product range has been trialled in many applications with great success and reliability, and continue to be specified and utilised through the high performance and energy saving measures they deliver, from LED Tubes, LED Floodlights, LED Shoplighters, LED MR16’s and many other of our LED lighting products, including Australian design microwave sensor lights for corridors, stairwells and restrooms.

Available in 12 watt and 24 watt.

In excess of 2,200 industry people attended SPARC International Lighting Event 2013 from 4-6 June in Sydney.

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eld at the Overseas Passenger Terminal and in the heart of the magnificent VIVID Sydney festival, SPARC 2013 consisted of an Opening Ceremony, an exhibition by 73 lighting companies, a program of renowned international and Australian speakers and a concluding Gala Dinner.

‘After only its second staging, SPARC cemented itself as the Southern Hemisphere’s leading event for lighting professionals and stakeholders in the built environment’, said SPARC CEO Bryan Douglas.

The exhibition showcased leading edge innovations, products and technology—reflecting developments in interior, exterior, retail and commercial lighting and lighting controls. Exhibiting companies ranged from large multinationals to smaller niche businesses from across Australia and overseas. Solid state lighting and lighting controls technology featured prominently.

The Speaker Program including renowned experts from Australia and around the world. Topics were as diverse as the rise of media facades and media architecture, the past and future of lighting design, the potential of spectral power distribution of light used for illumination, the role and use of social media in the lighting industry, and designing lighting for circadian rhythm as an example of the importance of the role of light in human life and health.

.Speakers • Ms Motoko Ishii, Motoko Ishii Lighting Design Inc. • Mr Emmanuel Clair, Light Cibles Pte Ltd • Mr Rogier van der Heide, Philips Lighting • Dr Wendy Davis, University of Sydney • Mr John Johnson, Lightwaves • Mr Tim Greer, Tonkin Zulaikha Greer Architects • Mr Paul Beale, Electrolight • Mr Rick Morrison, AECOM • Dr Matthias (Hank) Haeusler, University of New South Wales and Dr Martin Tomitsch, University of Sydney SPARC is a biennial event, with the next staging in Sydney planned for June 2015. Interest may be recorded at organiser@sparcevent.org

By using our fully accredited LED lighting products and services you can save: • Up to 80% energy consumption on artificial lighting • Additional energy savings from reductions to the lighting heat load on the air conditioning system • You can earn carbon credits, saving you even more $ • FUTUREBRITE™ is a member of the Australian Lighting Council • FUTUREBRITE™ is an Accredited Certificate Provider under the NSW Energy Savings Scheme • FUTUREBRITE™ will do all the paperwork for you so you can receive the maximum rebate.

The benefits of our LED lighting products to users are:• Easy Installations - Little to no modifications required • Instant Start-up • RoHS Compliance means no toxic materials used • Dimming available on some products • Environmentally friendly • Extremely long life up to 50,000 hours • Good Power Factor

• Lower energy costs – up to 80% over conventional lighting systems • Reduces building heat loads and Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Minimal Ultra-Violet Emissions • Flicker Free • Minimal heat output • World class technology

FUTUREBRITE™ Technology Pty Ltd Suite 2, 180 Main Road Speers Point NSW 2284 P: 02 4958 8588 | F: 02 4953 0805 E: sales@futurebrite.com.au W: www.futurebrite.com.au

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A Guide to MEPS for Incandescent (including Halogen) Lamps Lighting Council Australia has compiled this information to assist understanding of minimum energy performance standards for tungsten filament incandescent lamps. From the enforcement date only lamps registered on the regulator’s website (www.energyrating.gov.au) may be legally sold.

Product/Style

Sale restriction for lamps imported after date shown

Product images

GLS—incandescent November 2009

October 2010

All ELV halogen reflector

Mains voltage halogen non-reflector

MR16 (dichroic) lamps above 37W

All incandescent lamps >25W candle, fancy round and decorative inc. carbon filament lookalikes

Mains voltage reflector lamps including halogen (PAR, ER, R, etc.)

Pilot lamps—25W and below

Incandescent lamps of these shapes must meet MEPS. Known as a bi-pin lamp. Must meet MEPS. Incandescent lamps of these styles must meet MEPS.

ELV halogen non-reflector All incand. lamps >40W candle, fancy round and decorative inc. carbon filament lookalikes

Notes

January 2012

April 2012

October 2012

October 2013 (Lighting Council Australia is consulting with regulator on extending date) Not currently regulated.

To be determined based on availability of efficient replacement product.

MR11 & MR16 (dichroic) lamps. Must meet MEPS.

Visibly different to GLS — has another small bulb inside.

Must meet MEPS. Lamps >37W no longer available - unable to comply with MEPS

Incandescent lamps of these styles must meet MEPS.

Reflector lamps like those shown must meet MEPS. Unlikely many current lamps will comply.

MEPS will not apply until appropriate replacement technology readily available.

Currently there are no MEPS regulations covering AR111, G9, double-ended halogen, strip lamps or genuine carbon filament lamps. There may be other lamps that do not need to meet MEPS but generally these will only be used in limited applications. Refer AS/NZS 4934.2.

With the exception of lamps referred to in the shaded box and pilot lamps 25W and below, all illustrated lamps must be registered. See www.energyrating.gov.au for more details.

www.lightingcouncil.com.au

info@lightingcouncil.com.au

July 2013

Lighting consumes almost 20% of the world’s electricity. As a consequence governments around the world view lighting as low hanging fruit when it comes to saving energy.The Australian Government has been at the forefront of activities in regulating the efficiency of lighting – for example, it was the first regulator in the developed world to ban GLS lamps (the traditional pear-shaped incandescent lamp).

The table above summarises minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) applying to lamps in Australia. It is important to note that carbon filament lookalike lamps, which have gained some popularity in recent times in the hospitality industry, cannot meet MEPS and therefore are being improperly sold.

26

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OSRAM is one of the leading lighting manufacturers in the world. The name OSRAM has stood for continuous improvements in lighting for over 100 years. Lighting contributes significantly to guests feeling welcome in hotels or restaurants and their feeling of being well looked after. At the same time, with regard to rising energy costs, light is becoming an ever increasing economic factor.

As an LED pioneer, OSRAM has developed the LUXPOINTTM MINI G2 recessed downlight range which delivers superior performance at a reasonable price.

Features and Benefits • 70-80% energy saving compared to standard 50W halogen MR16 downlights • 12W LED system, with extra long life time of up to 35,000hrs • Premium quality fitting with light weight aluminium body

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For more information about OSRAM LED downlights and compatible *dimmers visit www.osram.com.au.

P: 1300 4 OSRAM (67726) E: sales.au@osram.com

27

dESIGN & construction in the gulf

Ramiz Gabrial, P.E., M-ASHRAE, LEED AP

W

hen the Gulf region is mentioned, things that come to the mind of engineers and architects are high rise buildings, glass facades, hot weather that requires extreme air conditioning services. It also brings memory to some iconic buildings such as Burj Khalifa and Burj Al-Arab (Dubai), Museum of Islamic Art and Pearls Island (Doha) and others. Those of us who have visited the region or have worked there would agree that it is the type, the size and the amount of projects that are being designed and constructed in the region makes it a place where many engineers and architects,with interest in the expatriate life style,look forward to opportunities in the Gulf.

Beside the large petroleum and gas industry that exist in the region, a huge number of commercial, institutional, health care, sport, mission critical, religious, airports, research centres, hospitality, leisure, residential, infrastructure and other project types are being built in Qatar, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and other States.

Architectural and engineering companies from all over the world compete to participate in designing and constructing projects in the Gulf. Some have regional offices in the region, while others operate from their offices in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, North Africa and Australia. Expatriate professional individuals from all over the world seek employment in the region. Some spend the bulk of their professional life in the region.

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With summer conditions that go above 50ÂşC and humidity ratio that exceeds 80%, building services engineers are never short of demand. The architectural beauty would fall short unless complemented by proper HVAC, hydraulic and fire protection designs that is supported by durable power and lighting systems to keep the projects going through out the sever environmental conditions.

On the professional development side, the intense existence of building professionals in the region helped in the formation of local chapters of few international professional societies. Local chapters of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) exist in most Gulf countries.

These chapters act as professional hubs for building services engineers to network and keep up to date with the latest technology developments. Smaller groups of the Charted Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) also exist in areas where CIBSE members gather.

In the Gulf, and due to the size, intensity of the construction projects and the global interest in that market â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the number and frequency of the professional development course and specialised conferences are very high in comparison to other regions. The close proximity between different Gulf States (e.g. 60 minutes flight between Doha and Abu Dhabi or Dubai, 40 minutes between Doha and Bahrain and 90 minutes between Doha and Kuwait), makes it very common for professionals to participate in a one or two day

conferences that are held in another State. Note that the depth of the information presented in these events can vary. However many regional and international companies, professional organisations and technical event planners put highly focused and knowledge intense events that are attended by professionals from the region and other parts of the world.

started more than ten years ago in the construction and operation of the Education City in Doha and has many years to go. It includes huge development of institutional buildings to host campuses for many world class universities as well as state of the art Science and Technology Park, large scale convention centre, high class staff and student accommodation housing compounds and others.

Sustainability is one area of global focus and importance that is taken seriously by many Gulf States. The US Green Building Council’s (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building rating system has been widely adopted and applied in Qatar and the UAE. The British environmental building design system BREEAM has also been applied to some projects in the region. In addition a lot of research and development are put to develop local Green Building rating systems. Qatar has developed Qatar Sustainability Assessment System (QSAS). The United Arab Emirates developed ESTEDAMA. Some states already made their rating systems mandatory requirements for new projects.

No doubt, the Gulf is a large market that represents big interest to many large and medium size consulting, contracting and manufacturing companies worldwide. Some of the large Australian consulting and contracting firms have local offices in Dubai, Qatar, Abu Dhabi or other Gulf cities. These companies are staffed by engineers and architects from other countries and different nationalities. Some of the top management staff come from the firms’ Australian operations, however it noticeable that the percentage of young Australian engineers and architects is lower in comparison to others. Probably, it is due to less familiarity with the commonly applicable American and British standards (such as ASHRAE, CIBSE, IEEE, IEE, NFPA and LEED) as well as less exposure to the design of large capacity systems. It is important to note that there are a lot of opportunities that would not only, positively impact the individual’s professional and financial interests, but it could also have positive impact on creating large opportunities for the economy through introducing Australian product and services to the world market.

On the design and consulting field, consulting engineers are challenged to come with innovative solutions to the unique and ambitious architectural designs. The size and architecture of the projects are requiring different design stage energy modelling, lighting simulation and CFD analysis to give the client the required level of satisfaction and comfort that the complicated system design will perform as per the design intentions.

Program and project managers are trying hard to achieve integrated designs where all design disciplines, energy modellers, sustainability consultants, the owner, the contractor, local authorities and other project stakeholders contribute towards a well coordinated design and constructible projects.

Refrigeration equipment manufacturers are coming with larger capacity, higher efficiency water chillers to serve the high cooling loads. District cooling plants with capacities of up to 500,000kW have been built to serve large districts or university campuses.

While power is cheap commodity in the oil rich region, power infrastructure and generation projects are being planned to help in coping with future needs. Despite all the good intentions to improve operational efficiency of the building systems, it is fair to say that there is a large room to improve on the power conservation side.

Sea water desalination plants represent the main source of water in the region. Water-cooled air conditioning systems are, by far, the largest water consuming system in these projects. Treated Sewer Effluent (TSE) plants and distribution networks are used to save on potable water usage. Water efficient cooling towers represent major challenge to the mechanical designer.

A question is often asked, “Will this development spree reach an end soon?” Looking at the nature of some of the programs that are being developed and the international events that will be hosted in the region tells us that the development will keep going for many years to come. For example, Qatar is preparing to host the 2015 World Handball Games and the FIFA 2022 World Cup. Stadiums are already being designed with sustainability in mind. Fifty thousand hotel rooms are planned to support these international events.

Qatar Foundation (QF) is another highly ambitious education program with strategic plan to build knowledge based society. QF

Another important issue is that middle age professionals who get exposed to dealing with these types of projects and such a culturally diversified professional environment would build a wealth of engineering, managerial and intercultural personal skills that could add great value to the economical development in their fields, as they return home after number of years and become the future industry leaders with excellent international contacts.

I have met many professionals outside the Gulf region who ask about life and work environment in that region and how you can survive there. My answer is that all what you need to survive in the Gulf, in addition to your professional knowledge, is to be an ordinary realistic person who can speak either Arabic or English.

While Arabic is the official language in the region, English is spoken by almost everybody in the street, shopping centres and government and private offices. Life could be quite enjoyable for the whole family depending on what you want to do and as long as you respect the local culture and traditions.

In Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain and Oman women are free to work, drive and wear own fashion. All international fashion shops have representation in all the Gulf States. High standard international schools exist all over the Gulf. Accommodation for professional level employees varies between acceptable to super luxury.

The standard of accommodation depends on the company you work for and the level of seniority. Some companies provide furnished accommodation, while others pay monthly accommodation allowances. Cost of accommodation need to be watched carefully as it could be very high. For example the monthly rent of a three to four bedroom villa in Doha (Qatar) can vary between US$4000 to US$8000 or higher depending on the location and services included with the villa such as swimming pool, club house, gym, etc. Utility expenses are very low in comparison with the western world. The standard of the

29

utility services is quite high. Gas is extremely cheap (US$0.25 per Litre in Doha).

Work conditions vary depending on the specific company.

Government and public sector establishments, generally occupy nice and well equipped buildings. International companies, generally, keep good office locations and set up. In Qatar, the public sector work between 6:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m., Sunday to Thursday. The private sector work 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Sunday to Thursday (or Saturday to Thursday).Multiculturalism is a feature of the Gulf region. Looking at the bright side of things, multiculturalism enriches the individual and family life experience. In some instances it represents some form of stress as different cultures have different sets of interpretations and expectations toward the same situation.

However, it all goes down to the individual’s ability to accept and try to understand other cultures’ views and expectations.

On the practical side of the design process, the designer (who is new to the region) must expect some different design outcomes as a result of issues such as different design conditions, length of the cooling season, need for heating and boilers, extreme filtration requirements, rain intensity and others.

With summer design conditions approaching 50°C dry bulb temperature and more than 30°C wet bulb temperature which are quite different from the conditions we have in Australia,refrigeration equipment capacities, air duct sizes, required ceiling spaces and system selections must be given careful attention.

Another important issue is the length of the cooling season.

Air conditioning systems are needed, starting from middle to late April and until November. This requires careful consideration of equipment selection and allowance for standby equipment.

While winter is fairly short (December, January and parts of February) temperatures could go down to 7°C during late night and morning hours. Temperatures of 15 to 24°C are very common during winter days. The very short season (in many cases) does not warrant installing central heating system. In the event of installing heating systems, electrical heating coils are very common due to the low energy cost. Residential buildings are normally not heated.

The use of boilers in buildings is almost limited to applications where the boilers are needed for other essential services such as hotels and hospitals. In these cases, hot water central heating systems are installed.

In the desert environment, controlling sand infiltration through the air conditioning system is of prime importance. While in many regions we would be happy with weather louvers and some panel filters,in the Gulf, sand trap louvers with high efficiency air filtration are essential. Air handling unit systems, generally, are equipped with 50mm panel pre-filters and high efficiency bag filters.

Dealing with rain in the Gulf is very tricky business. On one hand rain is only expected to fall during few days of the short cold season. Yet, on the other hand, very heavy rain storms can come causing major flooding. Accumulation of sand in the rain water reticulations during the long dry and hot season create major blockages that can extremely complicate rain water network design and maintenance.

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District cooling is another mass cooling concept that is getting a good share of the air conditioning sector in the Gulf. Large cooling plants of 40,000 kW to 500,000 kW cooling capacity are constructed and chilled water is distributed to serve large residential and commercial buildings within one area or university campus buildings. Large chilled water loops run for kilometres to deliver cooling to buildings. Projects such as Qatar Foundation Education City, Doha West Bay district, Pearls Island (Doha), Nakheel Island (UAE), Al-Shaqab Equestrian club (Doha) and others are examples of large scale projects that use district cooling plant services. The system achieves higher overall COP in comparison with other water cooled central systems. It also, saves valuable real estate spaces within prime commercial buildings that would otherwise have to be allocated to accommodate buildings’ central chilled water plants. In addition, building owners do not need to worry about the operation and maintenance of the central plant, as it is being taken care of by the chilled water service providers.

An area of professional deficiency with large room for improvement is the lack of availability of statistical information about these projects; e.g. what went good, what went wrong, efficiencies, materials used, etc. Availability of such information could offer a useful data base to improve and facilitate future project designs.

Everybody seems to be busy rushing the current project out to start with the next one. The situation is leading to some mistakes getting repeated. Some large international companies are building their own data base or accumulated knowledge documents for their own use.

Similar to other parts of the world, the Gulf region had its share of the Global Financial Crisis. Dubai had the biggest hit, probably due to the volume of commercial projects and high class residential buildings. Other projects were either reduced in size or completed design yet postponed construction. Strategic government projects do not seem to have suffered at the same rate due to pre-allocated budgets.

Despite all what is said about the global financial situation, the amount and pace of the construction activities in the region is much higher than many other regions. With oil prices firming up and the hope of global financial recovery, projects and activities should improve and go back to normal.

In summary, the Gulf region represent a very good field for the individual professional and engineering companies to be involved in world class projects that can be well rewarding professionally and financially. However, like any other matter in life it does not comes hassle free. There are times of frustration as a result of having to deal with many different cultural backgrounds with different sets of expectations and ways of task prioritising.

About the writer Ramiz Gabrial, P.E., M-ASHRAE, LEED AP is a Building Services Consulting Engineer with 25 years of experience in the design management of variety of building types and major interest on Sustainability and Integrated Building Design. A registered Professional Engineer in Virginia – USA. He has worked with major consulting firms and client bodies in The United States, New Zealand, Qatar, UAE, Jordan and Iraq. A technical public speaker with passion to spread sustainability and integrated design ideas to young professionals. He is the founding member and the immediate past President of the Qatar Chapter of ASHRAE. Ramiz is currently based in Melbourne – Victoria and welcomes feedback on rgabrial@gmail.com

Is this the (digital divid-)end of wireless microphones?

Mitchell Lockyer-Lane I Jands Audio System Specialist

Wireless microphones have produced quite an amount of scare and confusion lately due to the digital dividend and restack of television channels. Mostly, people are wondering if their current inventory will work, or which one to buy that will work everywhere. Unfortunately, it just not that easy.

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o understand where the problem is, we need to take a look at what is going on.

On the 31st of December 2013 all analogue television channels will be switched off throughout Australia. With most areas already transitioned to digital only television, the Department of Broadband Communications and the digital economy recently held a silent auction to sell off a component of the UHF broadcast spectrum colloquially know as the “700MHz band” (694 – 820MHz over one third of the current television allocation) to the highest bidders for reallocation for use in broadband and mobile services.

This auction was expected to raise $4 billion worth of revenue to the government and allow the new owners to provide a better service to their customers for the exponential growth in the uptake of mobile broadband service.

This wasn’t a new concept. Nor was it something that came out of the blue. It had been meticulously planned out by the ACMA to move existing broadcast digital channels, the primary user of this spectrum, out of the band and into the remaining allocation. Other countries including the US and UK had already transitioned their broadcasters and freed up this spectrum for reallocation. In the US, the auction of the 700MHz spectrum created huge revenue for the government reaching over $19 billion.

The silent auction held in April this year (and the results produced in May) was participated by three of the four interested parties being Telstra, Optus and TPG Internet (with Vodafone Hutchinson Australia withdrawing before the auction start). The auction created

nearly $2 billion worth of revenue (very shy of the expected $4 billion), but did not end up selling all of the available spectrum.

Below is a table of the results of the sale and the revenue generated from each of the participants: Bidder Optus Mobile Telstra TPG Internet Total Spectrum Sold Total Spectrum Unsold

Spectrum Secured 700MHz Band* 2x10 MHz (20 MHz in total)

Spectrum Secured 2.5GHz Band* 2x20 MHz (40 MHz in total)

Nil

2x20 MHz (40 MHz in total)

2x30 MHz (60 MHz in total) 2x15 MHz (30 MHz in total)

Total Price $649,134,167

2x40 MHz (80 MHz in total)

2x10 MHz (20 MHz in total)

$1,302,019,234

2x70 MHz (140 MHz in total)

$1,964,653,401

Nil

N/A

$13,500,000

What will become of the unsold spectrum remains to be seen.

The new incumbents of the spectrum will officially take over as of the 1st January 2015 after all of the remaining TV channels have been restacked below the 694MHz end of the new broadcast UHF allocation.

By the 31st of December 2014 all remaining Digital TV that is occupying the 700MHz band and currently displaced around the

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rest of the spectrum will be reallocated into a block formation as part of the ACMA’s channel planning.

So what does that mean for wireless microphone users?

There will be five blocks for television channels, arranged a contiguous group of six 7MHz (42MHz total) Australian TV channels. The blocks, conveniently named A, B, C, D and E will occupy VHF (Block A) and UHF (Blocks B, C, D and E) with television channels being allocated in these blocks across major capital cities and regional areas throughout the country.

It means that you really need to be careful about the choices you make in purchasing products in the future and to do your research about what will be happening in your city.

Across many states, the VHF spectrum (Block A) will become home to many of the digital television channels, however depending on the geography of the coverage area, infill transmitters will be required for both city and regional areas to provide sufficient coverage required by the broadcast license and will therefore require additional transmitters located in the UHF spectrum (Block B, C, D and E) to provide extended coverage to areas that will otherwise not be able to receive a digital television signal.

This changes from city to city and state to state with a well constructed digital television allocation plan provided by the ACMA. So why am I boring you with all these facts? Because wireless microphones also use this part of the spectrum.

Wireless microphones and other wireless audio products are covered by a class license (Low Interference Potential Device – LIPD) as a secondary user to the broadcasters, meaning as long as they don’t transmit on a channel currently allocated to a television channel, the device can be used. Broadcasters and wireless microphone users have been coexisting together in relative harmony for some time. However, the loss of a large portion of spectrum will make it more difficult in the future to be able to find some space to use these products, especially in densely populated areas around the country.

Wireless microphone users now have to contend with the restack of the television channels, and each other in a smaller limited space.

It is not surprising that any small, medium or major venue that you go to have their own wireless microphone systems to varying degrees of channel counts, then add on top of that people who use the venue (bands, lecturers, presenters, etc) who bring their own products in, and production companies or in-house AV companies who provide their service for the customers by utilising their inventories of wireless microphones. Now times that number by the amount of venues in an area and it really starts to add up!

The other problem is a large portion of wireless microphone users, who have had their products for more than four years, are probably running something which will be utilising a frequency set that has been auctioned (anything from 694-820MHz) which will be illegal to use after the 1st January 2015.

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This is not just a localised problem, as I mentioned earlier in the article, this has already happened in the US and UK, so most manufacturers have been affected by this change already. We in Australia were lucky to have a bit of foresight about the impending problem and developed an industry body to liaise with the ACMA. This industry body, the Australian Wireless Audio Group (or AWAG for short) provided case studies and technical information to the ACMA on the impact the digital dividend and the television restack will have for current and future users of wireless audio product.

A few things you can do to make your life easier: • You need to check your current inventory to see what frequency you are running. If you are running any wireless audio products in the 700MHz band this will be illegal to use after the 31st December 2014.

• Check your local TV allocations and restack dates. You need to make sure that all of your product currently working now, will work after the restack date of your city as you may have products in a television block that will be occupied.

• When you look to purchase wireless microphones, look for products with the widest tuning range (the width of start to end frequencies the devices can tune between) in your budget.

• Look for smart products that can auto scan for a clear frequency.

• Use wireless management tools. Shure have a free wireless management tool called Wireless Workbench, (currently in version 6 at time of writing) which allows you to enter in your current inventory of products and select the best and clearest frequencies based on your location, TV channels and scan data (if Shure networked scan products are connected).

When you look to purchase wireless microphones, look for products with the widest tuning range (the width of start to end frequencies the devices can tune between) in your budget.

Jands and Shure have also produced Ready for Digital. A website which has up to date information regarding the digital dividend, television restack and current issues for wireless users. An online calculator tool will also be available for current users of Shure wireless products to provide pre and post restack information as well as for people looking to purchase wireless products in the future. So to make sure that you stay in the loop and receive information on regular occurring updates, visit the only site you’ll need to be Ready for Digital – www.readyfordigital.com.au.

Is your Venue www.readyfordigital.com.au Does your Venue use any wireless microphones for bands or presentations? If so, then listen up.

Get your Venue Ready for Digital by visiting the only website that will give you all of the following: > Information about the change and what you need to do

In case you’ve missed all the hype, Australia is

> The latest news and updates from the ACMA and AWAG

currently transitioning from Analogue to Digital

> The best wireless management tools to help you find your best frequency

TV transmission. Once transition is complete, spectrum, known as the Digital Dividend

> The renowned Australian Radio Frequency Guide by Shure, used by the Government and AWAG in their Digital Dividend talks

(694-820MHz), to free it for the new services.

> Ready for Digital Dividend Restack products

There’s a lot of speculation and misinformation

> Product replacement finders, in case you do need new systems

wireless audio devices must vacate the surplus

out there about the changes that are happening, and even when you know what you are looking for it is hard to find the information you need.

> Comm’s information... because it’s not just about wireless mic’s > Downloads from the ACMA specifically relevant to the Wireless Audio users > FAQ’s for your quick guide to the changes > The only Industry Forum dedicated to the Digital Dividend changes – ask all your questions and hold discussions with other users, open to all, moderated by Jands’ Technical Experts.

Enter www.readyfordigital.com.au – your one-stop-shop for all the information you need about the Digital Dividend Restack, and how you can navigate your way around it.

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The Collaborative Conference

Peter Swanson I Regional Sales Manager (NSW/ACT), AMX AUSTRALIA

Hotels are about taking people to places. Hotel rooms allow people to visit cities away from their home, confident of the fact they can pay for the service of a clean, secure, pleasant place to rest their head. Conference venues in hotels allow groups of people to come together away from their offices – or in spaces larger than they have at their disposal. Of course, many people combine these two options together and bring people together from around the region, country or globe to participate in conferences and enjoy each other’s company in person.

B

ut, this is all changing. Remote communication technology, be it video conferencing, web collaboration, social media or another digital medium, is increasingly allowing us to participate without relocating.

The ever present pressure on travel and entertainment budgets is likewise driving people and businesses to find more efficient ways to collaborate together.

These two forces are potentially bad news for hotels as the need to physically gather in one location is diminished. However, I believe there are some great opportunities to be had as well. For one, groups that cannot afford to travel can perhaps now afford to hold simultaneous events in 2, 3 or more locations. For those belonging to a national, or international, hotel group this could be a powerful new selling point.

For many years, conferencing technology has been costly and complex – hardly a compelling thing to deploy in the hotel environment where there are quite enough plates to be kept spinning already! But, the past 4-5 years have seen substantial improvements in the technology’s performance, adherence to standards and

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reduction in costs. These 3 contributing factors make it far more realistic to consider fully enabling your conference venues for remote communication on a professional level. Now, I know many of you will already have a boardroom with video conference capacity and perhaps even the infrastructure to allow your larger spaces to easily hire in VC systems when required. How many of you though have rooms that are planned to make for a coherent complete conference experience across multiple venues?

Those with an interest in the VC space may recall Hewlett Packard’s HALO solution.

This was a high cost, high performance, totally bespoke VC environment that had the objective of making it as much as possible like you were meeting your remote colleagues in the same room. To this end, HALO rooms look the same – it’s literally like looking across the table at another room just like yours. The high performance video removes the impression that you are using a “system” and gives the feeling of simply “communicating with your colleagues”. Telepresence solutions developed this concept and have made it a little more mainstream, but mostly in the

high end corporate space with a focus on small to medium sized meeting groups.

Likewise, in the Tertiary Education space, Access Grid rooms have been a popular concept with growing interest over the past decade. Access Grid in itself is a medium for communication that can be used by someone on their PC equally well as a group of 30 in a custom large space. The key concept though is around “removing the walls and distance” from remote classrooms and transporting teams virtually so they can work together.

I postulate that the next opportunity in this vein is for conferences. This will not be a low cost endeavour, but if it allows groups to “virtually meet” while drastically reducing travel costs it could be a compelling opportunity. So, assuming you aren’t hurling the magazine down in disgust and disbelief at this point, how would you go about achieving such a vision?

Start by considering what is important to the experience. Assuming there’s a level of traditional didactic conference activity, you need to be able to relay a presenter’s voice and image to each location and be able to

manage questions back to that presenter from each location.

If the conference has some form of breakout discussion section, you need to consider whether discussion groups will be solely location-based, or do you need sub-systems to allow a multi-site group combining members from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane to chat together?

What sort of material is being presented?

Do you need one, two or more screens to display this in addition to the images from remote locations?

How do you facilitate side discussions of the informal types that often take place during coffee breaks or at the bar following conclusion of the day’s formal agenda?

Each of these questions can be answered with current conference technology so the question is really how many of them do you want to facilitate through in-house permanent systems and how many do you want to provision infrastructure for hired systems to deliver? With the advances in Internet Protocol (IP) video capacity, you can wave goodbye to the hideous charges of ISDN and for those wondering what the NBN is good for, this is a great example – if you have 100Mbps or more of conference bandwidth available to your hotel, you are already well on the way to underpinning some great multilocation conference experiences.

For the systems in the rooms themselves, the first question is how do you make the experience consistent? Can you set up rooms in each hotel so that their layout is similar and cameras & screens can be laid out to a similar floor plan? As one example, there is a very important concept in broadcast and production called “crossing the line” – this relates to peoples’ ability to resolve the angle that a presenter appears to be looking at the camera compared with how the audience is angled relative to the screen they are viewing on. Deliver a design without considering this and it may always look like your remote presenter is looking at the corner of the room, but allow just a little planning and your remote audience will feel just as included when the presenter looks them squarely in the eye while answering their question. Of course, the presenter themselves needs a screen to look at for this purpose and often collocating a camera and screen

For breakout discussions, smaller, portable VC units positioned at the ends of tables – or for those on a tighter budget, even laptops with video clients such as Jabber, Lync or Skype – can make for a great way to bring 4-5 people together in a handful of locations. somewhere in / behind the physical audience can give everyone – local and remote – the best feeling of inclusion.

Audio – and acoustics – are critically important to making remote communications effective so don’t scrimp in this area. The best way to achieve a good audio system outcome is to start with an acoustically sympathetic room.

The best such rooms feel very natural and comfortable and this is an area well worth spending time and money on – even if you have to spend all your money on getting the acoustics right and then hire in some or all of the audio systems when required.

To keep the experience consistent in each location, consider how the audience will ask questions of the presenter – if you’re using wireless microphones managed by a host in the main room, do the same in the remote locations.This puts every attendee on an even footing – and make sure that the remote questions are heard loud and clear in the main room, not just for the presenter’s benefit.

For breakout discussions, smaller, portable VC units positioned at the ends of tables – or for those on a tighter budget, even laptops with video clients such as Jabber, Lync or Skype – can make for a great way to bring 4-5 people together in a handful of locations. This technology is ideal because it’s highly portable and relatively low cost so the fact you might need 3, 4, 5 or more systems per venue is hardly a restrictive issue. Do however think about how you will manage call dialling, group connections and so on.You of course want to make things easy and reliable for all participants.

As with your larger systems, you do also need to consider acoustic performance – particularly in this case acoustic separation between each group so that you don’t get crossover conversations. This can be achieved by spacing between the groups, further

acoustic treatment in the space (possibly portable dividers with absorptive properties) or by having a number of smaller rooms conveniently nearby the main conference space for the groups to breakout to.

When considering this scenario, it’s also important to plan out whether the conversations will just be between individual “peer” groups at each location or whether you might want to have them link to multiple groups at each location and perhaps even connect back into the main system. All these sorts of considerations will drive the sophistication of the conferencing bridge service you’ll require – again, something you may choose to rent access to rather than buying outright.

I know, you’re probably wondering about the coffee and bar piece, right? Well, just recently we’ve started to see selfpropelled “VC robots” appearing in some applications. These can be as simple as an iPad or other personal device mounted atop a modified Segway-style platform with control integration to direct the platform as to where to go – managed by the person at the far end. They thereby allow a remote person to navigate around an environment. Costly at present, and clearly requiring some coordination on floor space, time allocation per user and so on, they nonetheless are a step in the right direction towards allowing people to virtually meet in a more informal setting.

Alternatively, you can have a few screens set up as “wormholes” between the coffee/bar areas in each location, but be aware that you’ll need a strategy to encourage people to use these as if you go down this path as most people will tend to stick with the real people in the room.

I believe we’ll see more and more instances of remotely integrated conferences and when you couple this with the streaming, sharing capabilities I described a few issues ago, it’s an exciting time for the conferencing market.

As always, if you feel that some of these ideas are compelling for your organisation I recommend engaging an AV/VC design professional to assist you – either an independent consultant or a Design & Construct Integrator. It’s also well worthwhile trying out some of these ideas with proofs of concept before you commit to a full implementation. www.amxaustralia.com.au/aunz/

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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Part I

GREG MUIR I Managing Director, Beaware Solutions Pty Ltd

Greg Muir is the Managing Director of Beaware Solutions Pty Ltd and has over 40 years experience in risk management relating to buildings and procedures. He has qualifications in Public Safety (Emergency Management), Work Health & Safety, and Security and Risk Management. Beaware Solutions has provided emergency procedures and training, as well as evacuation diagrams, for both commercial and residential buildings, including numerous high-rise inner-city facilities.

I

n March 2009 a gas explosion ripped through the upper levels of the residential complex above an eastern suburbs shopping complex in Sydney. Fortunately there were no fatalities but two workers were seriously injured in the blast. The subsequent evacuation and recovery process was subject of criticism at various levels, with lack of coordination and communication between building management and emergency services central to that perception. The incident is a good example for emergency planning and the inclusion of risk mitigation practices in that process, with particular emphasis on recovery.

Although this article is restricted in providing a more in-depth study of the incident it is suffice to say that facility managers need to incorporate risk management strategies for contractor management and plant and equipment maintenance within emergency prevention strategies.

Work Health and Safety legislation In most States prior to 2011, emergency management in facilities relied on vague OHS requirements and the guidelines provided

by AS3745.

2011 saw the harmonisation of work health and safety legislation, including the introduction of Clause 43 of the Regulations relating to emergency procedures.

Clause 43 states that any person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) must prepare, maintain and implement an emergency plan,

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with appropriate training and testing of procedures.

The Code of Practice for Managing The Work Environment and Facilities 2011 specifically mentions AS3745:2010 and how emergency plans can be implemented (Section 5).

It is recommended that any planning process involves the use of a competent person to ensure compliance.

Building Code of Australia There are a number of related issues that should be considered in any emergency plan. The Building Code of Australia (BCA) was first introduced in 1988 and provided technical provisions for the design and construction of buildings and other structures, covering such matters as structure, fire resistance, access and egress, services and equipment, and energy efficiency as well as certain aspects of health and amenity.

Building surveyors and fire safety engineers have been able to identify Alternate Solutions for areas of construction design that do not comply with the BCA. Common areas include distance of travel between alternate exits, fire resistance levels (FRL), compartmentation and separation. The Alternate Solutions may include the installation of a verbal sound system for emergency purposes (SSEP), fast response sprinkler heads, thermal detectors,

24 hour alarm monitoring or similar. Lately, there has been an increase in the requirement for an emergency management plan in compliance with AS3745.

Australian Standards in emergency planning As already mentioned AS3745 relates to planning for emergencies in facilities. The elements of that Standard, to be mentioned in detail, have been defined as preparedness, prevention, response and recovery.

AS4083 relates to planning for emergencies in healthcare facilities and AS1851 relates to the maintenance of fire protection systems and equipment. It is important that managers are aware of the need for compliance with the latter Standard to ensure that equipment is operationally ready at any time.

AS31000 relates to managing risk through control measures to minimise the likelihood and consequence of any incident.

RISK MANAGEMENT & COMPLIANCE Services and products to ensure regulatory compliance in any facility There are few small companies in Australia who have the wealth of knowledge and experience to provide facility managers and executive management with a comprehensive but user friendly risk and compliance assessment of their building/s.

The Work Health & Safety Act and Regulations legislated in 2011 has prescribed specific requirements for any workplace and occupants.

Action is mandatory for compliance with that law and regulation.

Every facility is unique and should not be treated with a generic approach. Beaware Solutions is aware of the need for every procedure, whether related to safety, security or emergency management, to be site-specific and user friendly.

TM

the hotel engineer.indd 1

Beaware Solutions

Beaware Solutions has developed a number of services in relation to risk management for any facility, particularly in relation to safety and contractor management, security and risk assessments, and emergency management.

Facilities that can be improved through those services include: • Commercial and industrial properties • Hotels & places of public entertainment • Schools and Colleges • Health Care and Aged Care facilities • Strata Titled properties • Shopping centres

Level 1, 71-73 Archer Street, Chatswood, NSW, 2073 Contact us at 1300 71 81 31 or info@beaware.com.au www.beawaresolutions.com.au 1/07/13 12:31 PM

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Emergency preparedness Emergency preparedness is the arrangements made to ensure that, should an emergency occur, all those resources and services that are needed to cope with the effects can be efficiently mobilised and deployed.

The secret to being prepared is through the initial planning phase, the identification of how complex the plan needs to be within the facility. Factors to consider include the size and nature of the facility, the fire engineered or life safety features, security management, the number and nature of occupants and visitors, and the hours of occupancy.

Areas to be included in this section are – • Structure of the Emergency Planning Committee (minimum of • 2 persons, one being management); • Identification of emergencies that may impact on the facility or neighbouring facilities; • Structure of the Emergency Control Organisation, including an Emergency Response Team if required; • Specific emergency procedures; • Training;

• Phased evacuation procedure; • Life safety and rescue procedures.

Emergency prevention Emergency prevention is the measures taken to eliminate the incidence of emergencies.

Areas to be included in this section are – • Appropriate policies and procedures; • Maintenance of equipment in compliance with AS1851; • Alarm systems; • Maintenance of plant and equipment; • Training in the safe use of equipment; • Correct storage practices of dangerous goods, hazardous substances, combustible material etc; • Good house keeping.

Emergency response Emergency response is a documented scheme of assigned responsibilities, actions and procedures within a designated section of the emergency plan, to respond to and manage emergencies.

As mentioned previously, this may involve a dedicated Emergency Response Team, specially trained in emergency and/or rescue activities for the facility.

Emergency recovery Often an oversight in the planning process, emergency recovery is aligned with any business continuity plan. It requires the documentation of key contacts for the process, including key personnel, alternate accommodation and/or offices, insurance broker/s and policy details, structural engineer/s, contractors, and mandatory notifications, e.g. statutory bodies.

The recovery process should commence as soon as practicable after the initial response and during the time between containment and handover by emergency agencies. Initial assessments and information provided by the responsible agency should identify the required level of recovery action.

The actions could range from a return to normal business or occupancy to a complete relocation due to structural issues.

The use of competent persons during the assessment process is crucial, as well as timely liaison with your insurance broker.

Part II of this article will look at the roles and responsibilities of facility managers in developing, implementing and maintaining emergency plans.

References Work Health & Safety Act and Regulations 2011 Australian Building Codes Board (www.abcb.gov.au) Safety warning for purging gas installations,Workcover NSW, 30/10/2009 AS3745:2010 Planning for emergencies in facilities.

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39

OHS:

how to plan it, fund it & get everyone on board Carl Sachs I managing director, falls prevention specialist Workplace Access & Safety

Dealing with one of safety’s toughest challenges – funding projects on worksites that senior managers never see – fall prevention specialist Carl Sachs has also become expert at attracting funding for OHS. Here, he shares the secrets of successful investment in safety.

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Where OHS meets business

funding safety-related capital-intensive projects.

OHS professionals tend to be idealistic, as they should. Capital expenditure decision makers, on the other hand, are often a tad more hard-nosed. Both find the other’s approach immensely frustrating and that can be a big problem when it comes to

Surprisingly, the secret to finding common ground lies in the OHS professional’s stock in trade, the risk assessment. The pure logic of combining probability with consequences to assign a risk rating is something that resonates with many senior company

officers, who are increasingly attuned to risk management in an uncertain global business environment.

The key is to present the information in a format that very clearly reflects the organisation’s objectives, whether they are prudent corporate governance, reputation management or sheer compliance.

Create a plan The place to begin is with an audit. Uncover and document what the organisation already has in place and the current compliance gaps, then set a baseline for improvement.

At the heart of the audit lies the risk assessment’s matrix of the probability of injuries and their seriousness. This ranking system creates a list of priorities takes the first step towards legal compliance and successful corporate communication: accurate documentation of the facts.

And while documentation is a necessity, do not be tempted to produce a daunting wad of paper designed to strike fear into the hearts of senior management. Clarity is the secret to winning capital expenditure approval.

For this reason, Workplace Access & Safety’s audit reports are presented very simply. Photographs of each hazard are matched with plain English explanations and a colour-coded risk rating. The results are summarised in tables and even the most time-poor decision-makers rapidly appreciate the relative urgency and importance of projects.

Illustrating reports to demonstrate hazards is particularly valuable when the decision makers are physically remote from the hazards. In our experience, prominent hazards are normally dealt with more rapidly than others that may be associated with greater risk but are quite literally “out of sight and out of mind”.

Do the sums The next step is to team the prioritised areas with controls that minimise risk and maximise safety. Again, the good news is that the safety professional’s best friend – the hierarchy of controls – tends to work well for corporate accountants since the lowest order control for any risk is also often the cheapest over its lifetime.

From a management perspective too, the most complicated safety systems are generally the least effective. Any fall prevention system that involves a harness, for example, also brings the need for second workers, rescue plans, regular inspections and a tide of paperwork.

Sadly, this is where many facility managers face their greatest challenge. The main source of information about controls is equipment vendors, who are also generally enthusiastic promoters of complex, expensive solutions.

Remain stubbornly true to the hierarchy of controls and, almost invariably, there will be significant lifetime savings and safety gains to be won. Such practicality will also win OHS professionals many friends at the executive management level and invaluable respect from users.

So, how then to get the safest, most workable solution and a proper costing?

Choose your providers with great care.

Look for those who participate at an industry level, are trainers, who provide impressive referees and, importantly, have a suite of solutions on offer so they can supply the appropriate match for your circumstances.

Ask to see sample reports in advance and, for a real insight, learn how they manage their own safety obligations. Photocopied safe work method statements (SWMS) for a height safety installation, for example, warn that a service provider’s safety credentials are little more than skin deep.

Specialists are normally best geared up to the job correctly and can often deliver savings due to greater efficiencies.

Match the costings with the priorities identified by the risk assessment to create a budget. Of course, no organisation can realistically address all risks instantly, so the budget could have several phases to allow for systematic project management.

How to fund OHS systems With a risk assessment and a budgeted list of priorities, the business case for OHS capital expenditure now simply needs a rationale.

In most cases, compliance with safety obligations alone is sufficient but not always.

In the name of flexibility, most work health and safety laws are open to interpretation and sometimes even conflict with other mandates.

It is also true that many substantial safety gains are made beyond mere compliance

in terms of productivity, lower insurance costs, improved morale and fewer lost time injuries.

The most compelling call to action is the one that best mirrors the goals of your organisation as former chamber of commerce advisor and now OHS consultant Jo Kitney explains.

“Meeting health and safety obligations is a moral as well as legal obligation; however there can be differences in values and beliefs for health and safety between organisations and within organisations,” Ms Kitney says.

“Decisions made by employers and business managers can be influenced by what they think and how they feel – and this can make the difference between resourcing health and safety, or not.

“To find money for health and safety means looking beneath the line and establishing the organisations’ value base for health and safety. It is difficult to do so, but there are times when below the line aspects of health and safety management have to be challenged, to ensure that those making decisions are aware of the implications – personally as well as for the wider organisation.”

Get everyone on board Even the most robust safety systems come unstuck unless the people they are designed to protect take them seriously. Ensure that employees and contractors of varying skill levels are working safely by following a few basic principles.

Consult with users The first is clearly to consult with the users of any safety system very early and often throughout the process. An unworkable safety system is a dangerous safety system because it forces users to take perilous short cuts.

A safety system that is difficult to manage is similarly frightening, so it is important to consider the resources and skills of the people using the equipment – right from the start so safety is inherent in the design rather than an afterthought. In Workplace Access & Safety’s field of fall prevention, for example, a vertical ladder line may suit a telecommunications environment where

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two riggers are working, trained in rescue and doing this on a daily basis. Not so for a school where teachers or grounds staff climb on the roof to retrieve balls.

Apart from skills and resources, the conditions of use need to be understood.

If people need to carry tools onto the roof, for instance, a narrow opening presents an added hazard. It is also important to make sure a truly representative group is consulted, which might go beyond the normal workplace boundaries. Employees might carry out completely different tasks to those of contractors and visitors, who are equally as entitled to a safe environment.

It goes without saying that design concepts should be shared with and approved by users to ensure a sense of ownership as well as real-world functionality.

Training and protocols Many of the most successful OHS projects require little or no training because they build safety into existing processes. On the

other hand, some require serious skill levels coupled with careful administration to make them effective.

Beyond the skills of the user, work positioning systems, for example, demand inductions, administrative controls, rescue plans, a buddy system and regular inspections. It is essential in situations like these that users and the administrators responsible for the management of the safety system are well supported with training.

demonstrate compliance with your friendly workplace safety authority inspector.

OHS skills are great business skills OHS is often perceived as a cost rather than an investment and a tangled web of red tape. Ironically, occupational health and safety professionals are better equipped than most to present a compelling business case for capital expenditure. Like so many things, the key to success may just be simplicity.

Management feedback Don’t forget to include senior management – the people who approved the project – when it is time to celebrate project outcomes. Update the proposal document to create a review report, complete with before and after pictures and testimonials from users.

Feedback in this format will be very welcome, builds a useful relationship for the next OHS project and is a great way to

About the author: Carl Sachs is the managing director of falls prevention specialist Workplace Access & Safety and takes an active role in the development of fall prevention standards, representing the Master Builders Association on the committee for AS 1657 – 1992: Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders – Design, construction and installation.

Carl is dedicated to building a general awareness of this highly specialised area of risk, training facility managers of major retail corporations and regularly addresses OHS professionals at national conferences.

DO YOU HAVE MOULD? Our solutions include: • Awareness & Educational Training – face to face or online webinars • Remediation – Air-conditioning, ducts, contents, surfaces, asbestos • Inspections – Expert consultant report with scope of works We offer a holistic approach to restoring balance in the indoor environment through the use of environmentally friendly products and advocate chemical free alternative methods to cleaning.

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Poor Indoor Air Quality & Mould Growth in Commercial Buildings –

Duty of Care & Risk Minimisation for Hotel Managers Cedric Cheong I Managing Director, Mycologia & Mould Worx, MSc, B.(Env Sci.),TAE40110

Background A key criterion for building engineers and managers is to ensure a healthy and comfortable environment for occupants (guests) and staff. Over the last couple of years, there has been renewed and growing interest around the topic of mould, bacteria and indoor air quality in commercial buildings. This is due to a heightened public interest from media campaigns on the health effects associated with mould and bacteria exposure and poor indoor air quality. This exposure is now adding pressure on leasing arrangements with commercial properties, causing considerable delays and raising potential legal liabilities associated when dealing with these hazards.

Recent court cases have now made it clear that hotel managers need to equip themselves with best practice training in risk minimisation techniques and procedures

to manage these hazards on behalf of the guests, the workers and the hotel owners.

and the building occupants and their activities comprise the other elements.

This editorial targets the issue of mould growth in a hotel, its adverse impact on indoor air quality (IAQ), the potentially negative effect on the occupant’s health, and the protection of hotel assets from damage.

Indoor air quality problems arise when there is an inadequate quantity of ventilated air being provided in relation to the amount of air contaminants present in that space.

Structural damage, lack of maintenance, occupant behaviour and activities, and degrading infrastructure and external water ingress are common symptoms in problem hotels. These conditions contribute to increasing risks of microbial off-gassing (odours) and other indoor air quality hazards for guests.

Indoor air quality In order to explain the relationship between mould, bacteria, indoor air quality and the building structure, it is necessary to understand how buildings operate, the role ventilation systems (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning – HVAC) play in that process and the related hazards and risks. The HVAC system is one of four key elements in a hotel that influence the conditions of the indoor environment. The building envelope (its “skin” and partitions), the outdoor environment and its influences,

There is a growing scientific body of evidence indicating that it is within the indoor environments of our homes, buildings, schools, hotels and work places that the quality of air can be more seriously polluted than the outdoor air (CASANZ, 2002; Environment Australia, 2001). Indoor

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concentrations of contaminants can be up to 10 times higher than background ambient levels (DEP, 1991). Furthermore, indoor pollutants have been found to be 1000 times more likely to penetrate deeply into the human respiratory system than pollutants released outdoors (WHO, 1997).

The economic costs associated with poor IAQ are widespread and ever-increasing. In Australia, unhealthy indoor air is estimated to cost the Australian community $12 billion annually (CSIRO, 1998). The US EPA and the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) conservatively estimated productivity losses in the region of $61 billion dollars per year due to the impact of poor IAQ. This includes the increasing costs of health care and absenteeism, reduced worker productivity, lower earnings, costs of conducting building investigations and building improvements (USEPA, 1991).

From top: Inspection of mouldy room with thermal infrared camera; Hidden mould behind wall; Mould Air samples; Mould growth behind skirting.

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The onset of sick building type syndromes (SBS), building related illness (BRI), and in more recent times, Legionnaires disease, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), avian flu, swine flu and other pandemic diseases, coupled with the ever-increasing litigious field of

mould contamination and remediation, has escalated these economic costs to phenomenal levels. This is due to the high expenses and costs related to the management of these illnesses, closure, renovation or remediation of buildings, temporary relocation and accommodation of individuals, insurance premiums and costs associated with medical compensation, legal action and court proceedings. In the US alone, the costs of consulting and testing services were valued at $1.5 billion in 2005, and $2.7 billion in 2011.

Environmental services (including mould remediation, asbestos abatement and radon mitigation), were valued at $2.9 billion in 2011. Furthermore, the indoor air quality equipment monitoring market required to service this industry was costed at $10.4 billion in 2011.

Health effects and productivity The human bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s reactions to living in indoor environments manifest itself in our perception of that environment. A hotel that is effectively cleaned and maintained ensures positive reactions resulting in happier and more satisfied guests, increased

Top: Mould behind picture frame; From Left: Mould on air registers; Post remediation of air register; Mould on HVAC cooling coils; Post remediation of HVAC cooling coils.

productivity of hotel employees, and an all-round productive and enjoyable environment to stay and work in. A lack of effective cleaning or maintenance contribute to an unhealthy environment by providing sources for chemical and microbiological contaminants, ultimately resulting in negative reactions in the form of “sick” or “unhealthy” symptoms ranging from simple colds and flus to more severe conditions like nausea and vomiting, which may then result in hospitalisation.

Apart from obvious outdoor chemical pollutants and indoor allergens such as cigarette smoke and animal dander, the strongest health indicator is from moisture accumulation and infiltration (dampness), resulting in microbial growth. Moisture intrusion and damp conditions in buildings

have been strongly associated with higher fungal exposures with increasing reports linking such environments with negative health effects and airway symptoms (Lawton et al. 1998; Spengler et al., 1994; Brunekreef et al., 1989; Williamson et al., 1997; Pirhonen et al., 1996; Koskinen et al., 1999). A Canadian study has shown that microbial contamination may affect up to 20% of buildings with indoor air quality problems (Nathanson, 1995).

Mould The development of symptoms in individuals exposed to fungi depends on the nature of the fungal material (allergenic, toxic, or infectious), the amount of exposure, and the susceptibility of exposed individuals. For the majority of

healthy individuals, exposure to fungi in hotels would not normally cause noticeable reactions or health effects. In most cases, guests report musty or damp odours and often do not take more notice then that (due to the natural defences of the human body). However, for certain susceptible individuals, like those with impaired or immature immunological or respiratory systems, for example, very young children or the elderly, and individuals with predisposed genetic predisposition, even short-term low level exposure to fungi could lead to or exacerbate medical health conditions.

Susceptibility to fungal exposure therefore varies with the genetic predisposition, age, health status, and concurrent exposures (D’Andrea, 2002).

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In essence, mould can affect us by damaging building materials, making a building unhygienic with foul odours, and by causing adverse health effects in susceptible individuals. The hazards associated with exposure to mould are often dismissed as a result of a lack of awareness. This lack of education and awareness has seen many individuals; workers and building occupants alike, exposed needlessly to potential allergens, pathogens, toxins and mycotoxins which can lead to adverse health effects and costly litigation.

In the commercial workplace environments, management increasingly needs to be seen to be working towards zero harm to all of their stakeholders and this means minimising exposure to all workplace contaminants.

Training Part of the reason why there is a lack of understanding about the potential harmful effects of mould exposure is that managers, cleaning and maintenance staff and consultants don’t have sufficient awareness or guidance about the risks of mould exposure. This can be attributed to the lack of any formal Australian industry body to offer accredited training programs on mould. Currently there are a range of training providers offering training on mould remediation techniques. However, most are currently based on American systems and not well suited to Australia because of differences in legislation, building codes and metrics. As a minimum, the following summarises some key understandings that managers, service staff and consultants should possess when dealing with the management of mould in buildings.

1. Managers – people who need an understanding of potential exposure pathways and health issues, with this knowledge they can then ask the right questions and communicate to stakeholders about potential hazards and mitigation. Managers need to know the limitations of their own staff and when to call in consultants as well as the benefits to them of clearance testing following remediation works.

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2. S ervice staff – cleaners and maintenance staff who are likely to come into contact with mould during the course of their work need to know what to look for, how to minimise their exposure and what appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to use. Just as importantly, they need to know how to correctly remove the mould so it doesn’t spread and contaminate other areas and why bleaches do not work on mould.

to the air conditioner). During operation, the cooling coil gets damp and organic residues can build up which decrease the efficiency of the heat transfer process and results in the use of more energy. Routine hygiene maintenance of the coils not only improves the quality of the air circulating across internal the coil, but also reduces energy use by up to 25%, particularly when bio-active enzymes are used to help reduce future growth of bio-films.

3. C onsultants – Indoor Air Quality specialists who have been brought in by managers to identify issues around a problem. Consultants need to see the bigger picture and identify potential cause-and-effect relationships. They need to know what to look for, where to look, and how to develop an appropriate sampling and analysis plan.

Asset protection via mechanical maintenance is commonplace but what is also required is a hygiene maintenance program. Examples of increasing the service life of assets via appropriate cleaning include prolonged lifespan of carpet (regular deep fibre cleans as opposed to the all too common aesthetic vacuuming can add many years to carpet) and minimisation of corrosion on fan blades and other ducted air handler components from bio-film build up and rust (generally adds five years to plant life).

It is essential that cleaning staff and personnel charged with the management of mould receive this level of training.

The common thought about mould is it is everywhere, so why should we worry about a little bit of it on the wall or in a bathroom? The reality is that mould is a contaminant and despite the fact that it is common, it still may cause potential health effects. We should all attempt to minimise our exposure to mould.

Mould and Water Damage Management and Maintenance Program When a hotel is flooded or sustains water damage, one of the first things contractors tend to do is rip out and replace materials.

However, this is not generally required if mitigation and structural drying is undertaken early (Category 1 water source). When water ingress is ignored or design issues are not rectified, mould can damage wall and ceiling cladding and even structural elements of the structure; all of which can be avoided with trained observation, monitoring, holistic cleaning and appropriate remediation.

At the heart of any HVAC system are cooling coils (both within and external

Ultimately, scheduled hygiene maintenance not only increases the service life of assets, which goes a long way towards sustainability, but it also assists in providing guests with improved air quality. With that comes enhanced guest satisfaction resulting in increased patronage and marketability as well as fewer emergency maintenance and fit-outs, which also contributes to a more sustainable building behaviour and overall cost reduction.

Conclusion Further training for hotel managers and engineers will provide a better understanding of why and how mould grows; its impact on a building’s assets; and the potential health effects for occupants and staff. A better understanding of these relationships will lead to better risk minimisation and risk management methods.

Hotel managers and engineers will be more able to discharge their duty of care and calmly manage the emotive responses that can come from these risks, and thereby make more informed and cost-effective decisions on behalf of hotel owners.

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Ampac designs, manufactures and distributes world-leading fire detection and alarm systems for commercial, industrial, healthcare and multi-residential complexes

S

ince 1980, Ampac has been designing fire detection systems, ranging from simple conventional systems through to multiple panel networked systems, which can support SmartGraphicsHD, Ampacâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s graphical monitoring and control package.

With hotels, the choice of the type of detector and the location of the detector in the guest suites are critical to reduce the instances of false alarms. False alarms are the successive issue within the hotel industry due to brigade call outs being costly to hotel owners as well as disruptive for guests, especially if there is an unnecessary evacuation of the hotel. False alarms are an unwanted distraction for the emergency services as they can divert resources away from genuine fire events.

Ampac has pioneered the use of a dual stage detection algorithm based upon multi criteria detectors, to help reduce the likelihood of false alarms and brigade call outs. This algorithm can be configured to give a local warning on the presence of smoke, and notify appropriately trained hotel staff to presence of the possible fire event, via SmartGraphics, or by the use of hotel paging system. Hotel staff can then attend the incident and take appropriate action. If the smoke remains for a predetermined length of time, or heat (static or rate of rise) is detected, then the system can be configured to announce a fire event (and call the fire brigade), without waiting for hotel staff to carry out an investigation. In the event

appropriately trained staff are not available (for example during night shift), the system can be configured to announce a fire event immediately when smoke and/or heat is detected.

The Ampac SmartGraphics package provides a robust and versatile central hub for monitoring and controlling your fire detection and your alarm and intercom systems within one integrated graphical package. Any change in the status of a device, fire zone or emergency zone is immediately displayed graphically on the high definition (HD) monitor using the preset map. In the event of an alarm condition, SmartGraphicsHD supports printing and optionally e-mailing the map to a pre-configured address. Additionally the map can be relayed to emergency appliances that are on route by the local emergency dispatch centre.

The first alarm condition is time stamped and highlighted on the preset map and any subsequent alarms are time stamped.

This shows the spread of the fire and how quickly the fire is developing.

A database is available to hold important building related information, like hazardous materials storage. Entries in the database can be hyperlinked to a map, so the exact location of the hazardous materials can be shown. There is also a dedicated database for holding contact information for key personnel.

SmartGraphicsHD supports a historical log, which captures all activity on the fire detection, alarm and intercom systems.

Filters are provided to allow effective searching of the log. Each entry in the historical log is automatically hyperlinked to a predetermined map allowing the location of the device can be shown.

SmartGraphicsHD was developed to utilise the latest high definition displays along with integrated touch screen technologies.

Working closely with the fire brigade aided Ampac to develop this new technology to enable the fastest route directly to the fire location and to provide a suite of benefits to building owners, service providers and emergency services. These high resolution displays enable greater information detail to be available to the operator while the touch screen interface facilitates ease of system operation. The displays can be desk or wall mounted reducing clutter in a busy environment.

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Can Bed Bugs be Prevented?

Stephen L. Doggett I Director, Department of Medical Entomology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145

The global resurgence in bed bugs was as unexpected as it was dramatic and there are few signs that infestations across the world are on the decline. It is not so much a question of if your facility may become infested with bed bugs, but more of a case when.

B

ed bugs are bloodsucking insects that can inflict a very nasty and irritating bite. The big problem is the associated financial costs. Bed bug eradication is expensive (even into the thousands) and if done poorly by the unskilled can result in the spreading of an infestation. This can substantially escalate control

costs, even a hundred fold as has happened in at least one facility in the past. Guests bitten are unlikely to return and the negative publicity generated can severely affect a hotel’s reputation. In one case, eight figure litigation (yes $20million!) was initiated as a result of a guest being attacked in an upper end hotel.

So what can you do to prevent bed bugs? The simple answer is very little. However, a great deal can be done to reduce the risk of bed bugs becoming established and developing into a major fiscal burden for your organisation.

Our water saving and pressure balancing technology has been installed into more than 70,000 hotel rooms throughout Australia and the Asia Pacific region.

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Most importantly however, an organisation should have as part of their risk management process, a Bed Bug Management policy.

The policy should cover aspects such as training, documentation of bed bug activity, work health and safety, the eradication processes, and those aspects dealing with the reduction of bed bug risks. To assist the hospitality industries and those that provide beds for others, a generic policy has been developed by the author of this article. ‘A Bed Bug Management Policy & Procedural Guide for Accommodation Providers’ is available as a free download from: http://medent.usyd.edu.au/bedbug/man_policy.htm. You are welcome to use this policy and to adapt it for your specific circumstances.

A bed bug management policy that is adopted and adhered too may also reduce the potential for litigation.

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So what are the various strategies that can be implemented with the four phases of a bed bug infestation?

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Introduction. Educating travellers and tenants on how to avoid bed bugs in the first place will help to reduce the spread of the insects in the long term to all affected stakeholders. People need to be able to recognise the signs of the insect (live bed bugs and their spotting) as

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Broadly speaking there are four phases of a bed bug infestation; the Introduction of the insect, the Establishment of the pest, the Growth of the infestation, and finally the Spread of the insect. Strategies can be implemented that can combat bed bugs for each of the four phases and these will be discussed below.

well as to know where the bed bugs are most likely to hide. A quick search of the mattress, particularly along the beading nearby to the wall, will usually result in the discovery of an infestation if present.

Establishment. To reduce the risk of a bed bug infestation establishing if introduced, it is necessary to make the environment less suitable.

Bed bugs behaviour means that they prefer to live in hidden areas, notably cracks and crevices. Certain types of beds such as ensemble bases tend to be more bed bug friendly by providing numerous places where the insect can hide, although this can be obviated by the installation of mattresses encasements. Bed heads and certain type of furnishings should be avoided, notably wicker cane. All cracks and crevices in the room should be filled with caulking.

Growth. Preventing the growth of a bed bug infestation revolves around early detection. Early detection means that control is more likely to be successful and minimises the risk of the infestation spreading; ultimately this is about saving you money. As housekeepers are at the coal face where bed bugs are mostly likely to be found, namely the bed, training such staff in bed bug recognition can be of huge benefit.

Otherwise, proactive pest inspections can be undertaken, either by experienced staff in-house or by professional pest managers.The frequency of such inspections would be dictated by the history of bed bug activity. Bed bug detection dogs are widely utilised in the US and are very sensitive at even detecting small bed bug numbers. Sadly very few bed bug dogs are in Australia as some hotels are concerned about image problems in case guests think that the dogs are present for bomb or drug detection. It is however possible to introduce dogs via covered carts so that guests are unaware of the animals. For those that provide accommodation for others, tenants should be encouraged to report on the suspicion of bed bug activity in a timely manner.

Spread. If an infestation is discovered, then prompt action is required and a professional pest manager with experience in bed bug control should be contacted immediately. ‘Detect early and act quickly’ should be the mantra recited when it comes to bed bug infestations.

The infested room should be quarantined, and any infested material needs to be treated or bagged before removal. Items removed should be rendered unusable. Guests’ belongings should be treated for bed bugs if they are exposed to an infestation.

Ultimately, no one strategy should be relied upon as bed bug risk reduction involves a multi-disciplinary approach. Very importantly, all bed bug management should be in accordance with the industry standard, ‘A Code of Practice for the Control of Bed Bug Infestations in Australia’. Currently the Code is up to the fourth edition and is also available for free from www.bedbug.org.au.

Finally, beware of companies touting miracle bed bug cures; there is no such thing, and the market is flooded with ineffectual products. The Working Party behind the Code of Practice reviews all technology and only includes those where there is evidence of efficacy. The use of any management device not specifically supported within the Code is best avoided.

Stephen Doggett is a world authority on bed bugs and their control, and is the Director of Medical Entomology at Westmead Hospital. He is the principal author of ‘A Code of Practice for the Control of Bed Bug Infestations in Australia’ and author of ‘A Bed Bug Management Policy & Procedure Guide’. For consultancy on bed bugs, please contact Stephen; Stephen.Doggett@swahs.health.nsw.gov.au

51

Cogeneration

& Trigeneration itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not all about Carbon

Craig Walter I Manager â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Emerging Markets, A.G. Coombs Pty. Ltd.

Retrofitting buildings with cogeneration and trigeneration can be a positive investment decision, reducing energy costs, improving NABERS ratings, providing energy security and improving overall system reliability. The application of the technology has specific design characteristics, which must be fully understood and correctly implemented to ensure that planned and optimal return on investments are achieved.

What is cogeneration and trigeneration?

Cogeneration technology involves an efficient application of gas powered electrical generation, where heat recovery,

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as a by-product of the gas generator, is used for building heating. Trigeneration is where an additional application of the heat recovery is used for cooling, via an absorption chiller, providing a third form of output energy.

For some time, building owners have been demonstrating the use alternate energy sources, such as replacing electric duct heaters with gas powered heating hot water systems, which use a cleaner and cheaper fuel source (natural gas) to provide

the same function. With further increasing energy prices and the rapid demand for greener buildings, cogeneration and trigeneration should form a key component of any underperforming building energy assessment.

Retrofitting buildings with cogeneration and trigeneration may be the initiative required to secure a building energy rating not possible through energy reduction initiatives, due to limiting building characteristics that would be expensive or impractical to change. The ability to implement a large energy initiative within a building, with limited interruptions to tenants, can be a very attractive option for many building owners.

Why is energy modelling so important?

Building services are typically designed to cater for peak conditions, ensuring that thermal comfort can be maintained at all

times. Under these selection decisions the focus is primarily on the occupant, ensuring that their operations are not affected. The selection of cogeneration or trigeneration systems often requires a different mindset, which is often misunderstood, due to different drivers. Key considerations when modelling cogeneration and trigeneration systems include: 1. R eturn on investment â&#x20AC;&#x201C; this is the most common key driver of choice, requiring a change of focus from an engineering biased selection process to a finance driven selection and justification. The sizing and selection of a system is therefore driven through detailed energy and financial modelling targeting optimal return, usually measure by the assessment of Net Present Value (NPV) over the life of the system.

2. Supplementary system â&#x20AC;&#x201C; cogeneration and trigeneration systems are typically designed to supplement existing services, and therefore do not require peak operating capacities. The sizing

of the system is therefore based on optimal overall efficiency and financial performance.

3. Maximising performance through Successful Integration â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the operating ranges of cogeneration systems can be narrower than existing services, depending on the technology choice.

To achieve optimal performance of a cogeneration or trigeneration system, full load or near full load operation is usually the best solution. If there is a level of unease with the overall outcome, it is better to undersize rather than oversize.

Should I consider cogeneration before an energy reduction project?

Following the implementation of cogeneration within a building the equivalent cost of electricity for your building will reduce, potentially making previously considered energy initiatives

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less attractive. In finding the best solution, peak electricity, off-peak electricity and cogeneration electricity costs must all be considered, and the ability to accurately model the time of day for the energy reduction initiative and appropriate energy rate (often a combined rate) becomes more complex.

Considering energy reduction initiatives in parallel with cogeneration is the preferred method to ensure that all initiatives are appropriately assessed and that the building is not left with underperforming energy consuming assets.

A detailed energy modelling plan will consider all energy reduction and fuel substitution initiatives in unison, with the further development of an implementation plan that will deliver maximum return on investment.

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Building considerations Remembering that cogeneration and trigeneration systems are typically driven by maximum return on investment, the method in which the systems are integrated within the broader building system should be conducted in a manner of maximising the performance of the cogeneration or trigeneration system.

The integration of the electrical and mechanical services should be designed and setup to achieve maximum use of the electrical supply and heat recovery of the gas generator. This may require existing services to be modified to maximise use of the cogeneration and trigeneration system.

Network connection If the system is designed to operate in synchronisation with the grid (most often the case) then during the early design stages the impact on the external electrical supply network must be reviewed in conjunction with the electrical distributors.

A common concern is the potential impact of external faults on the distribution network, for example, a power pole short circuit. In these circumstances, the gas generator will supply current to the electrical fault for a very short period of time, in addition to the main grid supply. This situation is reviewed as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;fault levelâ&#x20AC;?, and is measured by the short time period of current that can be supplied. For example, a 1MW gas generator may supply around 8,000 amps for a short period of time to the fault.

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delivery models, often based on end-toend delivery and warranted performance outcomes. When selecting the appropriate delivery model to match both risk appetite and cost effectiveness several key factors should also be considered: • Ability to accurately model both the technical and financial aspects of the projects • Extensive assessment of technology options Depending on the head room in the local electrical network for the additional fault level, the electrical distributor may require fault limiting devices to be installed, or may decline the application to connect to their network. Early engagement with the electrical distributors is essential to lower the risk of future challenges.

Key project delivery factors The complexities around cogeneration and trigeneration systems have driven alternate

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• Experience in grid connection agreements • Quality of gas supply • Exhaust filtration requirements • Location and noise emissions • Ability to conduct works within occupied buildings • Surety on ongoing operating and maintenance costs • Experience in successful integration of cogeneration and trigeneration systems • Ongoing support and performance tuning

Cogeneration and trigeneration systems can be an attractive solution to lower energy costs and carbon emissions. The ability to select the optimal solution for each facility involves an extensive design and liaison with key stakeholders to ensure future risks are mitigated and optimal return on investments are met.

Article first published in Retrofit Australia magazine, Volume 1 Number 2 2012; www.retrofitmagazine.com.au

ADVERTORIAL

A Quick, Permanent Fix for Damaged or Leaking Pipes

T

he demands on Hospitals can be a challenge at the best of times.

Considering the focus on staff and patient safety as well as operational costs, there are a wide range of demands on a team on an hourly basis.

So when a pipe becomes damaged, either through an accident or general wear and tear, the fallout from any leakage can be massive. A burst high pressure pipe pumping out litres of water can lead to damage, closure of facilities and high costs for repair or replacement. Keeping this disruption to a minimum is a high priority!

The Fernco Pow-R Wrap can help in this situation. It is supplied as a kit which contains all you need to stop a high flow or a slow leak from any pipe – quickly and permanently. Activate the resin by

simply pouring water into the foil pouch which contains the wrap, wrap it around the damaged area of pipe, and hold for up to 15 minutes. An advanced putty is also supplied for additional strength.

No additional materials, no mess and no complex instructions. For wet, dry, dirty, corroded, hot and cold pipes – if you can wrap it, you can repair it.

The system has been used successfully around the world for many years, and has built a reputation in many countries as the quick, permanent and hassle free method for repairing pipes of virtually any material and any diameter.

So next time one of your plumbing areas springs a leak, make sure you have a Fernco Pow-R Wrap ready to fix it. Think of the disruption it’ll save, and so all the cleaning,

cooking and customer service you’ll be working on instead.

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Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re right behind you and your guests Wormaldďż˝ is a leading fire protection company in Australia. With over 120 years experience, our knowledge, skills and technology protect the people and property of many industries including hospitality.

From resorts, hotels and casinos to sports arenas, museums and restaurants, Wormaldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s end-to-end solutions include kitchen fire suppression, automatic sprinklers, centralised control panels, guest evacuation systems, fire extinguishers, fire hose reels and fire safety training.

Call your Wormald Hospitality Fire Specialist on 1300 555 015 or visit wormald.com.au/hotel

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A Tyco Business

Wormald urges hotel management to consider impact of fire

Claire Smith

N

ew research by fire protection specialist Wormald has found that many Australian businesses may be underestimating the impact fire can have on their operations. According to the Wormald ‘Business Fire Safety Report’, 83 per cent of Australian businesses show no concern for the downtime that could occur if their business was to experience a fire.

In compiling the report, Wormald surveyed 320 Australian business owners and managers about their approach to fire safety. While loss of life in the event of a fire is the main worry for 97 per cent of respondents, only 40 per cent cite damage to property and 33 per cent cite loss of plant, stock or equipment as concerns.

Fire is a risk for every hospitality facility, including hotels, and can result in lengthy downtime. Facility owners and managers have the responsibility of providing a safe environment for their staff and guests and they must consider all the potential risks and be adequately prepared. Mark Gowans, Managing Director with Wormald, says that while protecting people should be the number one consideration, facility owners and managers cannot be complacent about protecting their businesses.

“Protecting guests and staff should always be the number one consideration in order to minimise injury and prevent fatality in the event of a fire. However, any business that has experienced a fire knows that the aftermath can take far longer to recover from than the fire itself.

“Fire can have devastating consequences and the damage can sometimes be irreparable.

Property loss and damage can result in lengthy

downtime while repairs and rebuilding take place and expensive equipment and important data can be destroyed. When planning for fire protection, facility managers should develop a crisis management plan, giving careful consideration to how they would operate if their premises were affected by fire.”

The choice of fire safety solutions for hotels is extensive and ranges from portable equipment to comprehensive automatic sprinkler systems and detection systems, with the latter systems capable of being readily integrated into a facility’s control room.

which discharges a wet chemical liquid fire suppressant for rapid flame knockdown of burning oil.The ANSUL® R-102 is another system which can be installed directly into the hood and ductwork of cooking appliances and is designed to release a liquid fire suppressant when the temperature in the hood exceeds a predetermined level.

“When it comes to fire safety in hospitality facilities, careful planning is required. All fire hazards and risks should be assessed in order for the most appropriate fire protection system to be recommended and installed”, Gowans continues. “Facility managers need to be acutely aware of the impact that a fire can have on their business’ day to day operations and, subsequently its bottom line.”

Most of the businesses surveyed by Wormald indicated that they have fire extinguishers (99 per cent) and fire detection systems (83 per cent) in place, but half do not have automatic sprinkler systems installed. “Portable fire equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire blankets and fire hose reels are an essential line of defence and are vital for fighting small fires.

However, to operate the equipment someone must be physically on the premises,” says Gowans.

About the research

“Fire can spread out of control very quickly, particularly within large facilities such as hotels.

One option is to install an automatic fire suppression system such as a sprinkler system which can help minimise damage to property.

The Business Fire Safety Report was conducted in September 2012. As part of the report 445 business owners and managers from across Australia and New Zealand were surveyed.The sample is made up of 320 businesses in Australia and 125 businesses in New Zealand.

There is a range of fire suppression systems available which, when activated, suppress a fire using inert gaseous agents. With the kitchen presenting one of the biggest fire hazards, facility management should consider fire protection systems designed specifically for use with high temperature cooking oils and slow-cooking appliances. For example, Wormald offers the PIRANHA® kitchen fire suppression system,

ABOUT WORMALD

To assist businesses in preparing for fire protection, Wormald has developed a business fire safety ‘checklist’ which is downloadable at http://www.wormald.com.au/resource-centre/ business-fire-safety-checklist

Wormald is a leading provider of fire protection solutions.

Since 1889, it has designed, manufactured, supplied, installed and serviced fire detection and protection systems for a wide variety of industries and markets, including building and construction, health care, defence, government, hospitality, corporate, education, IT&T. www.wormald.com.au.

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Australian Carpet

Allan Firth I Executive Director, the Carpet Institute of Australia Limited.

The Australian hospitality sector is fortunate to have a strong carpet manufacturing industry to draw on and realise its flooring décor visions.

C

arpet is by far the most popular and versatile floor covering solution on the market. And it’s easy to see why:

Décor Versatility – complement the existing décor theme – or create an entirely new one – from the extensive range of carpet styles, surface textures and constructions.

With a good vacuuming, dust removal from a carpet is easy.

In addition carpet has a positive impact on indoor air quality by absorbing some toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde.

Carpet Selection

Warmth – a carpet’s surface temperature is substantially higher than that of a hard surface tile thanks to reduced heat dissipation.

Carpet gives a soft, warm, cosy feeling. It therefore provides a more comfortable working environment.

For the uninformed, there can be many pitfalls in the selection and specification process, but with a little knowledge and the right approach, customers can be assured of making the right choice for their installation.

Comfort – soft floor coverings such as carpet result in less postural discomfort than standing on hard surfaces

Because there are so many potential variables to consider and control, professional specification can play an important part in selection of the right carpet. Without a pragmatic specification and a design that balances performance and décor requirements – and framed around the traffic parameters of the installation – costly mistakes can result. Professional advice on colour and pattern should always be obtained.

Safety – flooring can be a risk factor for slips and falls, especially in high traffic areas like lobbies. Carpet improves safety by reducing slipping accidents and personal injuries if a fall does occur.

Noise Reduction – carpet is one of the most effective acoustical materials. Carpet absorbs more exigent sound than any hard flooring. Reverberation time is half that of hard flooring. With carpet, impact noise is reduced by 25 to 34 dB compared to only 1 to 6 dB with laminate. This makes the difference between noise and tranquillity. With carpet, the generated sounds are lower than with hard flooring, and the duration of the reflected sounds is shorter.

By creating more quietness, carpet considerably enhances the feeling of well-being.

Ease of Maintenance – you can keep your carpet looking good by having a carpet maintenance plan tailored to the needs of your facility.

Value for Money – with the wide range of carpet styles, textures and weights (or constructions) available, there is a solution for practically every budget and décor need.

Indoor Air Quality – carpets help to purify the air we breathe by trapping in the fibre mass a range of inhalable substances, called allergens, that have been linked to asthma and other respiratory problems. A recent scientific study conducted by the German Asthma and Allergy Foundation found that carpet reduces dust in the air to half that found with hard flooring.

Another important player in the specification process is the carpet contractor and in some cases the carpet consultant. A contractor will be a specialist company that takes care of the ‘end to end’ installation process – specifying the carpet according to required performance levels and BCA regulatory requirements, supervising any manufacturing issues and liaising with the mill, advising on appropriate installation methods, sourcing other products such as underlay, attending to and special requirements such as anti-static treatments, installing the carpet to the Australian Standard, and recommending an appropriate maintenance program.

Carpet consultants tend to be involved more in the specification process and are sometimes employed as project managers to major installations.

Australian Carpet Classification Scheme (ACCS) The Australian carpet industry is one of the few carpet industries in the world to have established a national carpet grading scheme.

The Australian Carpet Classification Scheme (ACCS) has a rating scheme for residential and commercial products.

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of Green Building Council of Australia’s (GBCA) Assessment Framework for Product Certification Schemes.

Carpets certified under ECS Levels 2, 3 and 4 certification may achieve points under the Materials category in the Green Star environmental rating tools for buildings. See the table below and for further information, visit www.gbca.org.au/green-star/materialscategory/product-and-forest-certificationschemes/.

Note: ECS Level 1 is the pre-qualifier for higher ECS certification levels.

Carpets are classified under the ACCS according to their performance characteristics. The carpet classification is determined using technical data supplied by manufacturers and results from testing conducted by independent (NATA or equivalent) laboratories. An expert panel assesses the test results and samples of carpet provided by the manufacturer to determine a ‘star’ classification for that particular carpet, which relates to the performance characteristics of the carpet.

The more stars the higher the ACCS grading.

Carpets are classified according to suitability for use in residential and/or contract installations and in different walking ‘traffic’ conditions described as light, medium, heavy and extra heavy.

In determining the ACCS end-use classification, the overriding criterion is the appearance retention properties of the carpet.

Carpets submitted to the ACCS must also meet minimum standards for a range of construction and performance properties before they will be graded.

The gold and black labels identify carpets graded for contract use and have a maximum of four stars.

The Environmental Certification Scheme (ECS) is an environmental labelling scheme for carpets. ECS provides a guide to the environmental performance of certified carpets throughout the full product lifecycle and has 4 certification levels with incrementally more demanding performance criteria. Levels 2, 3 & 4 (with 2 options) have been developed to comply with the requirements

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Carpet Installation Conditions of use (open plan, placement and weight of furniture, wheeled chairs and trolleys) trafficking volume and points of high trafficking, as well as the adherence to an adequate cleaning maintenance schedule, all play a key role in any decision regarding the best option for the method of installation. Australasian Standards AS/NZS 2455.1 for broadloom carpets and AS/NZS 2455.2 for carpet tiles provide a guide to good installation practice.

The choice of underlay mainly depends on the volume and type of usage and, the level of comfort required. Australian Standard AS 4288 – Soft underlays for textile floor coverings – provides a classification scheme for guidance on underlay selection.

Carpet Maintenance Carpet maintenance is essential to retain the original texture and appearance of the carpet for as long as possible and ensure that the carpet is hygienic and contributes positively to the indoor environment.

A well planned maintenance schedule should be considered as an essential part of the initial carpet specifications. The main elements of a good carpet maintenance plan include frequent vacuuming, daily spot cleaning and periodic deep cleaning by a trained operator is essential for ensuring carpet stays in good condition. The Standard – AS/NZS 3733 1995 Textile floor coverings – Cleaning maintenance of Residential and Commercial Carpeting provides guidance for good cleaning practice.

It is important when choosing a carpet cleaner to ensure that the company uses formally trained and qualified technicians. Avoid the

temptation to choose a carpet cleaner solely on price. Take into consideration their qualifications, experience and whether they have insurance to cover the cost of any damages done to your venue.

Most importantly, ask if the company is a member of a not-forprofit industry trade association such as the Specialized Cleaning and Restoration Industry Association (SCRIA) and the Individual Cleaners Association of Australia and New Zealand (ICAN).

Allan Firth is Executive Director of the Carpet Institute of Australia Limited. CIAL is a non-profit industry association dedicated to the development of Australia’s $1.6 billion carpet industry. Formed in 1967, CIAL represents carpet manufacturers as well as suppliers of goods and services to the carpet industry.

About the Carpet Institute of Australia The Carpet Institute of Australia Limited (CIAL) is the lead industry association for Australia’s $1.6 billion carpet industry. CIAL represents carpet manufacturers accounting for 95% of Australian carpet production, as well as retailers and suppliers of goods and services to the industry.

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65

ADVERTORIAL

66

Blah,

67

Back of House

Neil Weenink

“You are kidding so help us, a female Assistant General Manager you say? You mean I should report to a female AGM? Holy baloney and fair dinkum, you’ve got to be kidding!”

T

hat was written some 20 years back, and things were a little different then. Comparing now with what was then in the hotel business, is akin to the old chalk and cheese comparison.

Or you might say the old wireless and Bluetooth thingy. Did you know that the Bluetooth logo with runes [ancient Germanic script] H and B, refers to King Harald Bluetooth? The Bluetooth communications protocol in these devices is named after this king, ostensibly due to his abilities to make diverse factions communicate with each other. According to legend, he gained the nickname “Bluetooth” from his love of blueberries, which stained his teeth.

So Wireless and Bluetooth is a matter of degree, of meterage you might say.

And we may picture our Head of Engineering in the rapidly evolving Back of House technomatters as berry loving computer geeks? As brilliant but socially-awkward males? A largely nocturnal creature,

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passing sleepless nights writing computer code? Well not entirely; but you do get my drift.

Then there is the perennial question: why a male Head of Engineering? Continuing along the line of The Essential Computer [and please if you do not have, use or atone to a computer, kindly exit through the back door] it is interesting to note that the very early machines – like the UNIVAC of 1952 used 5,200 vacuum tubes, weighed-13 metric tons, consumed 125 kW, and could perform about 1,905 operations per second running on a 2.25 MHz clock. The Central Complex alone (i.e. the processor and memory unit) was 4.3 m by 2.4 m by 2.6 m high. The complete system occupied more than 35.5 m² of floor space.

And hear this: the earliest computer programmers were women and the programming field was once stereotyped as female. It’s an interesting story involving preconceptions on a grand scale – at least in hindsight!

So how did you feel in front of your first machine? Naked?

Dissembled? Blown out of your mind? That here is something not akin to me, not friendly to my psyche? Oh boy I felt all of the above. And from here it becomes tricky because all of us have made allegiances with the machines, or rather the machinations of the machines, the FEEL of the machines, right? And so there I was in Singapore in the late seventies with my wife teaching computer science ho hum and me with an inspiring International Hotel Group hell bent on setting up 5 distinctive 500-room properties in SE Asia. Somebody said Neil you are the VP of Engineering for the Group and heck from there, well I had switched-on Secretaries, and a VP office complete with VP Computers. So the first week the VP Head of VP Secretaries said er Mr. Weenink sorry sir but are you following what the computers are saying? Pascal I told her was not my preferred language.

Getting closer to The Question of why in general is the Head of Hotel Engineering [or Maintenance, whatever] a male, let’s first take a look at something we discussed some time ago: The Expert System. This from the boffin reads as follows.

“An expert system is a software package that can be used in complex decision making. They are based on a knowledge base of human expertise and are used in situations where it is not possible to consult human experts in an acceptable time frame.” Clear? In one hotel I laboriously hand wrote such a system, it was in fact glorified PM instructions to fit any and all PM function listed for the hotel equipment and FF&E. Even included tools and components, so forth. It was designed not only to provide the knowledge to enable

as-built plant output, but in so doing to train staff in best principles.

Looking back it was akin to the old card system prior to electronic computation. But it worked dammit, it worked!

Now for the life of me I cannot see or am in any way discommoded by the notion of women undertaking a top job in Hotel POMEC responsibilities. In as much as we have all moved on: no more the Monday hammer and the Six foot wrench – It may bring back memories to some old steam engineers like myself. ‘When the last crank and crosshead’s been tightened and the third engineer laid to rest, his tools all rusted and broken, take what you think are his best...’

And have a look at the following: Like many other tools, computers are appreciated until they suddenly stop doing what they were designed to do. Unlike with many other tools, the ability to fix a computer is a specialised skill that most workers don’t possess. When a computer crashes, the person using it may become helpless until a tech support worker can be found to fix it. This sort of technical down time was less common with typewriters, and virtually unknown in the days of pens and paper.

Clearly we have come full circle. And I suggest that if women could control and maintain that infamous UNIVAC back in 1952, we should give them an equal opportunity in our time.

Stay well and take care.

Neil

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Regulation Update June 2013

Derek Hendry I Hendry Group

Glazing Audits: Glazing Assessments AUST – Work Health and Safety Legislation (including OHS legislation) and Case Law highlight the necessity of hotel owners, proper ty managers, and hotel engineers to provide a duty of care to the occupants and users of a hotel.

Many existing hotels contain glass in windows, side panels, doors and partitions that do not comply with current legislation (Australian Standards). The glass installation may have complied at the time of the hotel building’s construction, but in a number of cases this no longer meets current statutory requirements or community expectations, and glazing audits/ glazing assessments may need to be considered.

HENDRY building surveyors glazing audits/ glazing assessments follow a stringent protocol in line with our glazing audit methodology to ensure our inspection, recording, regulation assessment, risk assessment and recommendations to clients are clearly understood and costs are able to be estimated in the event of necessary replacement.

Fire Safety Audits: Building Regulations AUST –HENDRY building surveyors advise that the objective of fire safety audits is to provide a structured process of auditing the fire safety measures serving a building against nominated audit criteria and benchmarks. Fire safety audits can enable building owners, hotel engineers, services contractors and

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insurance companies to adequately gauge the efficacy and suitability of essential or fire safety measures serving their building.

Fire safety audits can include plans that are specifically developed to address the needs of the building owner or stakeholder group with variable degrees of reporting and complexity.

Fire safety audits can be developed to measure compliance with statutory requirements; as part of due diligence reporting; pre-purchase or sale appraisal; or as part of risk management and mitigation, and insurance assessment.

Fire safety audits can provide gap analysis against current legislation or standards.

The essential or fire safety measures to be audited can include physical features and other relevant provisions and procedures that are designed to provide life and asset protection in the event of a fire. Fire safety audits are not limited to a desk top review of available documentation or a visual inspection; an active system test can also be carried out to ensure all systems operate and interface as designed and can be included in a fire safety audit report.

Fire Safety Audits & Upgrades AUST – While building control legislation is not retrospective for existing buildings, some States legislation contains provisions that can trigger an upgrade of an existing building and in these cases building owners and hotel engineers may consider fire safety audits to establish any deficiencies.

For example if building alterations exceed 50% by volume of the building, a partial

or total upgrade in accordance with the Building Code of Australia may result.

In addition, an upgrade may be required if the essential or fire safety measures contained in the building are determined to be inadequate to protect persons using the building, and to facilitate their egress from the building and in the event of a fire. Fire safety audits will reveal this, and corrective action can be taken to ensure compliance and to mitigate the risk for building owners, hotel engineers and guests alike.

Alternatively, a fire safety audit repor t may be required because of a proposed change of building use that can result in an upgrade of fire safety and/or structural capacity. Finally, to restrict the spread of fire from the building to other buildings nearby is also a trigger for potential upgrades.

Depending on the State or Territory, the power to enforce these determinations can be vested in the Municipal Council and the Fire Brigade. Whilst an authority may focus on the fire safety of an existing building, the forced upgrade can also include other matters related to health and amenity. Fire safety audits repor ts can advise building owners of foreseeable problems.

Since regulatory requirements in the Building Code of Australia and Australian Standards are constantly evolving, building owners, hotel engineers, design professionals and builders are faced with increasing challenges in responding to authority demands and requirements.

Fire safety audits can provide the means to identify potential design issues early

and assist in solving future design problems.

HENDRY building surveyors have diversified fire safety audits experience in dealing with authorities and representing building owners’ interests through the presentation of options in fire safety audits repor ts that are commensurate with the communities’ expectations for existing buildings.

Victorian Building Authority: Establishment VIC – HENDRY building surveyors advise that new legislation to establish the Victorian Building Authority (VBA), to oversee the regulation of the building industry, will come into effect on 1 July 2013. The two new Legislative Bills governing the creation and responsibilities of the authority are the Building and Planning Legislation Amendment (Governance and Other Matters) Bill 2013, par t 1 and par t 2.

Fire Hose Reels: Essential Safety Measure AUST – Essential Property Services remind building owners and hotel engineers that fire hose reels are installed in a hotel building under the Building Code of Australia (BCA) for the protection of contents within a fire compar tment, and for use in the initial fire attack by trained staff and fire brigade. Fire hydrants on the other hand, are installed in a hotel building for use by trained officers in the fire brigade.

Most jurisdictions (States), nominate AS 1851-2005 Maintenance of fire protection systems and equipment in their documents for either the building owner or hotel engineer to ensure that all fire hose reels are maintained to the requirements of this standard.

reel logbook would then form par t of the required logbook for the nominated essential or fire safety measures in the applicable State.

Australian Standards The following Australian Standards have an impact on the design, installation and maintenance of a fire hose reel system (Not all are referenced in the BCA).

1. A S 1221-1997 Fire hose reels (the making of the fire hose reel) 2. AS 2484.2-1991 Fire – Glossary of terms – Fire Protection and fire fighting equipment 3. AS 2441-2005 Installation of fire hose reels 4. AS1 851-2005 Maintenance of fire protection systems and equipment Maintenance Obligations AS 1851-2005 ‘Maintenance of fire protection systems and equipment’ is very specific for the type of inspections and frequency to occur. The standard requires a logbook to record all information specified, and a number of State regulations also require logbooks to be provided for all essential or fire safety measures. The AS 1851 fire hose

About the HENDRY Group Derek Hendry is the Managing Director of the HENDRY group of consulting companies that include HENDRY Building Surveying Consultants, HENDRY Disability Access Consultants, Essential Property Services and Emergency Plan. HENDRY pioneered the private certification system of building approvals in Australia, and the consultancy assists clients nationally in all facets of building control and disability access compliance, essential safety measures audits and emergency planning requirements. HENDRY publish a monthly e-newsletter entitled ‘Essential Matters” and provide a subscription service, BCA Illustrated, which provides over 3000 illustrations that interpret and explain the BCA as it applies to your building. http://www.hendrygroup.com.au

What Maintenance is Applicable for Fire Hose Reels?

We have eight States and Territories around Australia, each with their own “building regulations” requiring building surveyors/cer tifiers to issue statutory documents (determinations/occupancy permits/schedules/lists of essential safety measures) nominating the performance conditions for the regular testing, inspection and standard of maintenance for essential or fire safety measures such as fire hose reels.

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ADVERTORIAL

Renu Bath Ashamed of your bath?

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• Sparkling Clean • Easy to Maintain • No More Futile Scrubbing • A Bath to be Proud of !!

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Renu Bath

Terry Cosgrove I Renu Bath

Renu Bath is a fully Australian-owned family business, founded in Queensland in 1985.

Renowned for innovation, Renu Bath developed the system of fitting a new acrylic bathtub inside the old worn bathtub, “in situ”.

S

ince 1985, Renu Bath have manufactured and installed thousands of bath liners both in Australia and overseas earning valuable export dollars for Australia and Queensland.

The Renu Bath system has proven to be 100% successful. This is why Renu Bath carry a full 12 year written warranty backed by an established manufacturer.

Some frequently asked questions about Renu Bath are: What is a Renu Bath Bathtub Liner?

The ‘RenuBath’ bath tub liner is a brand new bath that is custom manufactured from a high impact stain resistant acrylic that is thermoformed to fit perfectly over your old bath.

How long will it last?

With the correct care, the baths durable acrylic finish will keep its high-gloss indefinitely, it won’t fade, peel or discolour.

Why not just replace my old bath?

The replacement cost of a standard new bath can be between $1,500 and $2,500. It is also necessary to disturb the plumbing, tiling and walls. This process can take up to 3 days.

Renu Baths are used and recommended by...

• Leading Hotels • Local Housing Authorities • State Housing Authorities • Commonwealth Department of Housing

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• Defence Housing • Hospitals & Nursing Homes • Householders & Borrowers throughout Australia, Europe, USA & Asia since 1985 Renu Bath is a division of Classique Vanities Pty Ltd. Check out www.renubath.com.au for more details.

FILTRATION FINESSE

ALAN LEWIS I POOL CONSULTANT

The objective of this article is to elaborate on the latest developments in ultra fine filtration as they apply to Australian Aquatic facilities in general and to Hydrotherapy, swim school, and Hotel pools in particular.

T

he science of filtration of swimming pool water has come a long way since the old days of the huge concrete gravitational filters which can still be found in Australia in pools built 40 or more years ago.

Today, pool filtration systems have to deliver huge demands well beyond the task of maintaining clear “blue” water, and water that is safe from recreational water illnesses. These include: • Rapid and safe pool turnover times for prompt chemical residual correction responses.

• Absence of entrapment features in pool circulation.

• Ultra Fine filtration (<5 micron) or better • Capture or inactivation of Crypto and Giardia oocysts • Early capture and prompt disposal of skin cells shed by bathers • Maintenance of Low levels of disinfection by -products (DBPs) • Water comfor table to the skin and eyes • Sturdy filters of long lasting materials which survive corrosion, scale or chemical attack (Cl2 or O3) • Low maintenance time and labour demands

• Automation of maintenance procedures and remote access to data logging and controls.

• Absence of chlorination DBP smells in pool halls (good and appropriate ventilation – including in the balance tank air) • Absence of carcinogenic filter aids or pre-coat materials • Filter body sizes which do not demand huge floor space • Filter media which can be cleaned rapidly and do not require copious amounts of water for the job • Filter media which is not prone to the development of biofilms.

On top of all this, the current “green” Smart Approved Water Mark requirements include: • Substantial energy saving considerations • Substantial water saving measures • Recognisable and compliant savings in disinfection chemicals • Low maintenance labour involvement.

The conventional sand filter is gradually being more and more outmoded.

Particularly in modern designs of major Aquatic Centres and Hotel pools. The trend is to have these facilities start with well managed, automated systems with

remote activation systems monitored in a convenient and central way by an expert who can anticipate trouble and in many cases prevent it. This removes the need for constant attention by a CPO to manage the facility.

Australia is fortunate that its geographical isolation from the rest of the world no longer limits our ability to impor t the best solutions available anywhere in the world.

Among those who pioneered modern filtration in this country is Doug Fulham whose energies and indeed life mission has been to put Australia among the leaders, by engaging with the developers of Atlas filter systems over 2 decades ago.

Today however, the challenges which we face are to integrate the filtration and circulation of the pool water all the while keeping the water properly disinfected with a minimum of chemical. Ventilation in indoor pool halls must remove volatile DBP gases adequately to avoid the nasty smells that pervade throughout the whole of the Hotel.

Two Filtration Systems stand out in the world today, as leaders in providing the best filtrations methods that fit the demands described above.

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Don’t let your guest dive into a nasty cocktail!

Guests should be able to enjoy a cocktail by the pool, not feel like they’re swimming in one. With hospitality clients across Australia and New Zealand, PoolWerx understands that a hotel pool needs to be as clean and inviting as the rooms themselves. We ensure that your pools and spas are healthy and comply with legislation to fulfil your duty of care. Our services include: • 24/7 emergency hotline as well as free professional problem solving and advice by phone or email • Independent, expert third-party support in the event of litigation • Service all year round, with options to suit your seasons and location PoolWerx can do as much or as little of the work you require. As a Registered Training Organisation, we can also provide training for work you wish to be performed in house. Starting with a complementary on-site visual inspection, PoolWerx will then tailor a solution, keeping your current resources and budget in mind.

Call PoolWerx today on 1800 009 000 or email service@poolwerx.com.au 74

matched by this one. It certainly does bring considerable savings in energy and water and depending on the local pool regulations can save chemicals, labour and time. Defender claims that never in its history has it needed to change one of those “Flex tubes”. This indeed is an outstanding achievement when compared to the maintenance requirements of the Atlas filters (mentioned above).

THE IN BLUE – ULTRAAQUA DRUM FILTER This filter is manufactured in Sweden by Hydrotech – a company which has been manufacturing drum filters for many years. Up until a few years ago most applications of the drum filter focussed on water used for potable, commercial, and irrigation. In Australia over 60 such filters are in use in such applications.

THE NEPTUNE-BENSON DEFENDER FILTER The latest version of this manufacturer’s filter, has unique patented “Flex tubes”, which when “bumped” actually ensure removal of the pre-coating from the permanent polyester woven coverings of the “candles” “Flex Tube” shown with filter media coating.

The filter has a window which allows the operator to actually observe that the Perlite coating has actually been fully released off the tube and to manually activate an extra cycle of “bumping” to ensure that all the pre-coating material can be regenerated. This extends the life of the coating. In practice this means that the Perlite only needs to be replaced every 4-6 weeks.

This regeneration process is automated so that it only happens when the two pressure gauges near the window show that it is needed.

It should be emphasised that this regeneration process happens in a closed circuit (with inlet –outlet valves closed).

This means that the filtered particulates actually do not leave the filter until those pressure gauges indicate that the time has come to change the pre-coating with fresh clean and safe Perlite. Perlite unlike Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is not carcinogenic.

In the USA, 1 in every 100,000 people was reported suffering from Cryptosporidiosis in 1995, By 2010 that number had grown to 3.5 / 100,000!

The mature Crypto oocysts range in size from 4 – 8 microns. This filter has been independently researched by the NSF which has accredited the efficacy of this filter to remove particulates down to only 1 micron!

This attribute is absolutely essential in the US but perhaps less so in Australia where we suffer only 1 recorded outbreak of Crypto every three years. There is little doubt that our water supply systems are usually better maintained and protected than many in the US. This filter does comply with most of the other bullet points above, other than a few key aspects of the next system we will examine here which cannot be

However very shortly the first application in a swimming pool in Australia will be commissioned in Sydney.

The reader is advised to spend 3 minutes watching this video using the link : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESPXPct_2y8

You will be able to understand most of role that the drum filter plays in keeping a pool pristine.

The special membrane on the drum filters down to 5 micron. I am told that currently research is still ongoing to arrive at a 1 micron membrane solution.

Since there is no granula media involved in this system other than the membrane itself, the drum receives the water gravitationally from the pool gutters.

Within the drum, the water filters through the membrane to the basin in the filter and from there gravitationally on to the balance tank. The pool pump has only to draw the water from the balance tank and return it at the base of the pool walls to the pool. Thus there are even greater savings in energy than with the Defender system. Certainly there are also even greater savings in water since the cleaning if the drum filter is a fraction of the water used for a weekly backwash of an equivalent sand filter.

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The cleaning of the drum happens automatically only when its sensors activate the cleaning cycle because the water has risen in the drum to about 60% of its diameter. A gear motor rotates the drum through 360 degrees so the 40% of the unclogged membrane is ready for the next cycle. A drum for a 50,000 litre pool would need only 9 litres of filtered water each time it cleans the drum and this effluent is sent to the sewer.

1. Influent water; 2. Filtration by gravity through filter media 3. Drum rotation; 4. Back wash; 5. Sludge outlet.

The inlets for the return of the filtered water to the pool are placed in the walls just above the floor. Thus skin cells that have settled on the floor are swept away and up into the gutters. Because of this it may take only 3-6 hours for the removal of skin cells from the circulation system.

While with Sand filters the backwash frequency is usually weekly and with the Defender filter it might be six weeks.

The rapid extraction of the skin cells reduces the amount of chloramines and chloroform (Trihalomethanes â&#x20AC;&#x201C; THMs) that is actually created in the pool and this is a huge advantage for the management of the pool. Chloramines always demand more chlorine for their breakdown from mono- dri- trichlormines and this leads to smelly indoor pool halls and smelly skin of the bathers. Free

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Empire Hotel, Jerudong Brunei.

The Mirage Hotel, Las Vegas. Mandarin Oriental Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. Piscine Hotel Meridien, Tahiti. Shangri-La, Pudong China.

Westin Hotel, Kuala Lumpur.

These are just some of the leading hotels around the world who rely on our salt water sanitisation for a perfect pool, day in day out.

Our systems are also made right here in Australia.

For crystal clear, sparkling clean pool water visit davey.com.au or call 1300 2 DAVEY

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• Commercial Pumps • Commercial Filters • Commercial Salt Water Sanitising Systems

chlorine reacts with skin cells (whether on the floor of the pool or on the skin of the bathers) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to create chloroform.

For the first time in the world. The Danes have come up with an improved system for the reduction of chloramines and chloroform in the water and in the air, and the rapid removal of particulates in the pool.

The IN BLUE solution ticks all the boxes except the removal of baby Crypto oocysts (sporozoites) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; less than 4-5 micron in size.

This is a major advance in the science of filtration which no other country has yet surpassed.

Let us hope that we will see many more drum filters in swimming pools hence forth.

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ADVERTORIAL

Quality and efficiency In-built tariff intelligence reduces heating costs Demonstrating a commitment to design and effectiveness, the Rheem and Accent heat pumps are specially tailored for maximum heat transfer and efficiency. The company’s high-quality products are supported by Rheem Australia’s Psychrometic Type Test Room, where the heat pump design is constantly tested for efficiency, output and robustness.

Rheem’s Accent heat pumps are now available with in-built tariff intelligence. This new central controller has been developed specifically to optimise the run-profile that is relative to electricity pricing. This in turn achieves the lowest possible heating cost.

When programming the controller, Rheem evaluated every electricity price option. The controller’s programming now understands the off-peak, shoulder and peak structure of time-of-use tariffs, with some preprogrammed to aid ease of use.

In-built electricity pricing intelligence The Rheem IQ® tariff-optimising intelligent control includes programming logic that guarantees seamless off-peak operation through slight movements of the pool temperature.This ensures that the lowerpriced off-peak heat contribution is effectively stored in the pool. Differing temperature parameters are also available by time period, with the intention that peak operation may be postponed or avoided to the maximum extent feasible.This is consistent with your desired temperature of the pool at different times of the day.

The Rheem IQ® tariff-optimising intelligent control gives you the tool to achieve substantial reductions in heating costs. With time-of-use or smart metering, heating costs during the day can be up to four times the cost of night running. Achieving a balance of off-peak and shoulder electricity use will see your pool heating costs almost halved in comparison to those with a connection to the standard flat rate.

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Saving pump running costs The potential for reducing costs can be extended to your recirculating pump.

The new Rheem IQ® controller can be linked to your pool pump so that it only runs in line with the run-profile and in the hours required for heating. This will further minimise electricity costs and increase the total saving.

The tariff intelligence of the controller is only one of the new features offered with Rheem’s Accent heat pumps. Functionality extends to outdoor fan control, circulating pump control, de-ice management, alarm logging and PCo connectivity. The BMS interface capability of the unit also allows direct interrogation, status checking and performance data review. For more information visit the Rheem Pool Heating website.

Rheem Pool Heating thrives on a reputation of providing the highest quality products

and advice when it comes to pool and spa heating solutions. The company is committed to innovation so, when choosing a Rheem Accent heat pump, you can be sure that you are receiving the utmost when it comes to efficiency.

Fact Sheet RHEEM POOL HEATING P: 1300 132 950 E: info@rheempoolheating.com.au W: www.rheempoolheating.com.au

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ADVERTORIAL

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ADVERTORIAL

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INDEPENDENT MONITORING CONSULTANTS – AUSTRALIA

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INDEPENDENT MONITORING CONSULTANTS Head Office: 23–25 Daking Street North Parramatta NSW 2151 1300 131 405 (02) 9890 5067 New South Wales: Ian Hartup 0411 109 353 Queensland: David Curry 0408 368 921 South Australia: Roz White 0431 503 195 Victoria: Troy Cairncross 0412 117 114



MEMBERSHIP FORM PLEASE CHOOSE THE STATE: NSW 

QLD 

VIC 

WA 

I WISH TO APPLY FOR: Renewal of my Membership 

Membership Number (if known):

I WISH TO BECOME A NEW MEMBER VIA: (a) Fellow – a member of at least 10 years standing who has made an outstanding contribution to the advancement of hotel engineering (as determined by the management committee) or this association may be advanced by the management committee to the grade of Fellow.

This membership class is a life membership of the institute. (b) Honorary Fellow – any person who has rendered conspicuous service to the hotel industry (as determined by the management committee), or any person prominently connected with but not necessarily in the hotel industry who may be approved by the management committee, shall be eligible as an Honorary Fellow.

This membership class is a life membership of the institute. (c) Member – a person shall be eligible as a Member if the applicant holds a certificate, degree or diploma or such other qualification in engineering approved by the management committee, and has at least 5 years experience in a head of engineering position and shall be directly engaged in hotel engineering. (d) Associate Member – a person shall be eligible as an Associate Member if the applicant holds a qualification in engineering approved by the management committee and is directly engaged in hotel engineering and his/her qualifications and/or experience do not in the opinion of the management committee entitle him/her to admission as a Member. (e) Student Member – a person who is attending an appropriate course of instruction at an Institution approved by the management committee shall be eligible as a Student Member

Membership  Corporate Membership  Associate Membership  Student Membership  Affiliate Membership  Honorary Fellow Membership (no fee)  Fellow Membership (no fee)  SURNAME: GIVEN NAME(S): COMPANY NAME: POSITION: POSTAL WORK ADDRESS:

WORK TELEPHONE: WORK FAX: WORK EMAIL: WORK MOBILE: HOME POSTAL ADDRESS:

HOME TELEPHONE: HOME FAX: HOME EMAIL: PERSONAL MOBILE: Please send all my correspondence to my:

Work Email 

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Please send ‘Hotel Engineer’ to my:

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

QUALIFICATIONS/ EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:

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FEES: Membership/Associate Membership:

New Member AUD$130

Student Membership:

New Member AUD$90

Corporate Fees: New Member AUD$550

Yearly Renewal AUD$100 Yearly Renewal AUD$60 Yearly Renewal AUD$550

PAYMENT CAN BE MADE BY: NSW Chapter: Cheque payable to:

Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering (NSW) Chapter

EFT Transfer/Direct Deposit to:

BSB: 062 014 Account Number: 0090 2426 Commonwealth Bank of Australia

(Please use surname/company name as reference)

QLD Chapter: Cheque payable to:

Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering (QLD) Chapter

EFT Transfer/Direct Deposit to:

BSB: 084 462 Account Number: 205126424 National Australia Bank

(Please use surname/company name as reference)

VIC Chapter: Cheque payable to:

Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering (VIC) Chapter

EFT Transfer/Direct Deposit to:

BSB: 013 403 Account Number: 4988 69693 ANZ Ringwood Nth

(Please use surname/company name as reference)

WA Chapter: Cheque payable to:

Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering (WA) Chapter

EFT Transfer/Direct Deposit to:

BSB: 086 086 Account Number: 518 190 216 National Australia Bank

(Please use surname/company name as reference)

MAIL COMPLETED FORMS TO: NSW Chapter: The Secretary, AIHE NSW Chapter, PO Box H263, Australia Square NSW 1215 QLD Chapter: The Secretary, AIHE QLD Chapter, PO Box 5118, Gold Coast Mail Centre 9726 VIC Chapter: The Secretary, AIHE VIC Chapter, PO Box 2136, Caulfield Junction VIC 3161 WA Chapter: The Secretary, AIHE WA Chapter, PO Box 6191, East Perth WA 6892 Your membership application will be processed, which includes the following: o Certificate of membership

o Membership number

o Member name badge

o Official AIHE receipt

* Note: Allow up to four weeks for processing.

I have read, understood and agreed to conform to the Institute’s Code of Ethics as set out, conditional upon acceptance of my application for membership.

Note: your membership includes receiving ‘Hotel Engineer’ quarterly. As the AIHE is a non-profit organisation, GST is not applicable.

Signed: Date:

FOR INSTITUTE USE ONLY Date received: Fee received: Grading: Cheque #: Entered:

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For further information contact Commercial Sales

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