Hotel Engineer Vol 20 No 2 by Adbourne Publishing

THE

HOTEL ENGINEER OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF HOTEL ENGINEERING

PP 319986/101

Volume 20 Number 2 July 2015

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The Hotel Engineer The Official Publication of the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering

PUBLISHERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S

MESSAGE

elcome to another edition of the Hotel Engineer. The days are getting shorter and the nights longer, but the rigours of each day as a hotel engineer stay the same. In saying that, you are in the business of getting out new ideas for your hotel and keeping you up to date with happenings in the industry. In this issue, we start with an excellent article by Davide Ross of Pangolin Associates. We have his words from Dublin, Ireland, where he presented a paper on online automatic tube cleaning in chillers. Here he summarises the energy saving results from commercial office building chiller plants in Sydney. David looks at how this works and how hotels can save on their energy costs by using this technology. This magazine is always a big fan of energy savings, so we are looking at a case study from NABERS on the Holiday Inn Potts Point. We look at what technology they have introduced and the outcomes for the premises. Our next ports of call are with Chrissy Soumelidis of Megaman and Brian Douglass of the Lighting Council of Australia, who each look at hotel lighting. There are many issues facing a hotel engineer, with one of the most serious being workplace injuries. Soudi Nouri tackles the problem of manual handling, which is probably the biggest cause of injuries in

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the workplace. Soudi breaks down the facts and gives us advice on this occupational health and safety issue. We prepare for the importation ban on HCFCs in 2016 thanks to Bryon Price of AG Coombes. Bryon keeps us up to date with the information you need to know and your options as a hotel engineer leading up to the R22 Refrigerant phase-out. We have a number of technology articles. Thanks to Ted Horner whom is always happy to write for us. A special mention to Gil Carver whom at a last minute request, took the time to pen for us on where the hotel TV industry is going. Also, we have an excellent article from Sean Serin at Optical Solutions Australia on GPON (Gigabyte Passive Optical Networks). The contemporary client needs fast and reliable Internet, and Optical Solutions are ahead of the game. We round up with articles covering swimming pools, along with editorial from regular contributors the Hendry Group and Carl Sachs. Until next time, Regards, Neil Muir Publisher

PRODUCTION Emily Wallis T: (03) 9758 1436 E: production@adbourne.com ADMINISTRATION Robyn Fantin T: (03) 9758 1431 E: admin@adbourne.com MARKETING Susan Moore E: susanmoore@y7mail.com

AIHE STATE PRESIDENTS Paul Truman, QLD (Interim) E: pault@watermarkhotelgc.com.au Anura Yapa, NSW E: Anura.Yapa@shangri-la.com David Zammit,VIC E: david.zammit@hyatt.com Tony Fioraso, WA E: tony.fioraso@burswood.com.au

Adbourne Publishing cannot ensure that the advertisers appearing in The Hotel Engineer comply absolutely with the Trades Practices Act and other consumer legislation. The responsibility is therefore on the person, company or advertising agency submitting the advertisement(s) for publication. Adbourne Publishing reserves the right to refuse any advertisement without stating the reason. No responsibility is accepted for incorrect information contained in advertisements or editorial.The editor reserves the right to edit, abridge or otherwise alter articles for publication. All original material produced in this magazine remains the property of the publisher and cannot be reproduced without authority. The views of the contributors and all submitted editorial are the authorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s views and are not necessarily those of the publisher.

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CONTENTS 7

AIHE State news

12 Energy savings obtained using the online Automatic Tube Cleaning System(ATCS) in HVAC Systems 20 The hotel TV industry Brave new world of hotel technology 26 29

Viran Yapa profile

31 Smarter controls, smart business 37 Enabling technologies beyond 2015

40 How the colour of lighting can affect hotels More energy efficiency regulation proposed for 43 lighting products

46 R22 Refrigerant phase-out options 50 Manual handling assessment hotel storage area The future of FM software 55 56 The pacebo effect Regulation update June 2015 59 62 Back of house June 2015 64 Safe work at height rules update 68 Hirondelle hydrotherapy pool â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Part 2 Swimming pool safety 73 81 Product news

THE

HOTEL ENGINEER

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF HOTEL ENGINEERING

Front cover shows: The Holiday Inn Potts Point

PP 319986/101

Volume 20 Number 2 July 2015

CELEBRATING OVER

2015

Air Conditioning Range

The Comfortable Choice

IN AUS TRAL

AIHE STATE

NEWS NEW SOUTH WALES Warm Greetings from NSW Chapter. Winter has approached us and as day light becomes shorter, we are all concentrating on heating energy costs due to cooler weather conditions. NSW chapter has appreciated the support of all members, and hotel General Managers in the recent past. As a result more Engineers attending monthly meetings and more activities. In April we had our first meeting for the second quarter of the year. It was at the Amora Hotel Sydney and Andy Goonesekera of Intercontinental hotel presented an excellent presentation on Hotel Engineering Budgets, understanding engineering expenses, P&L statements, Capital budgets etc..These are key to delivering successful engineering projects and are valuable for young hotel engineers to gain an understanding of various forms of budgets. Special thanks to Mr. Arpad Romandy for opening the meeting and answering questions from the audience. It was announced that Elizabeth Tam would be resigning as the Treasurer of the NSW chapter due to personal reasons. Elizabeth has done a fantastic job over the years as the treasurer, not only by keeping the accounts up to date but also her ongoing efforts to bring the chapter into a healthy financial position. Brendon Granger had several nominations for the treasurer position and he was elected unanimously. Congratulations Brendon, wish you all the best in your new role. In May we had the first site visit for the year, this time the members had the opportunity to inspect and discuss the various technical functions of the Sydney Opera House.Thanks

Cyril Uboldi of Four Seasons Hotel for coordinating the tour. Some of the important technical installations inspected and discussed were: Efficient Design – Sea Water Cooling Sydney Opera House uses sea water from Circular Quay as part of the air conditioning system.This saves 15 million litres of drinking water per year – that’s around 15 Olympic swimming pools! Water Efficiency In 2009, the Sydney Opera House has replaced all the shower heads with water efficient devices, saving 40% of water from showers, estimated at per 600,000 litres per year – that’s around 13 standard swimming pools! Further has replaced kitchen spray guns, saving about 50% of water used by these guns. The Opera House continually looks at maximising water efficiency not only in our own operations but collaborates our commercial operators to use water both responsibly and efficiently. Green Cleaning The Sydney Opera House has developed Green Cleaning Guidelines which apply for all cleaning products used onsite including those by our commercial operators (food, beverage and retail) and contractors.The Guidelines have been implemented to minimise the impact of cleaning products used on the environment especially our waterways and harbour.The Opera House uses low corrosive non toxic cleaning practices to preserve the building fabric including, olive oil for bronze fittings, clay for cleaning untreated wood and baking soda for concrete. Source: http://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/the_building.aspx http://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/environment/ resource_use.aspx

June meeting was held at the Grace Hotel and the General Manager Mr. Philip Pratley opened the meeting with hotel information

and new projects that they are currently undertaking. The presentation for the month was on ‘Water Treatment’ by Ralph Arruzza of Integra Water Treatment Solutions.Thanks for Salie Christian for arranging the presentation and Andrew Yap, the hotel Engineer for organising of the venue. At the chapter committee meeting, a special consultation was held prior to the general meeting to mainly discuss the funeral arrangements of Carl Van den Heever, pastVice President of the NSW chapter, who passed away after serving so many years for the Hotel Engineering Industry. It was a sad moment for all of us and our deepest condolences go out to his family during this difficult time. Neil Weenink the founder of the Institute of Hotel Engineering also attended the funeral and shared memories of the past when he was working with him. Arrangements have been made to write about Carl in the next volume of the magazine. The State President’s Meeting was scheduled for the 26th June in Gold Coast. Unfortunately I was not able to attend due to Carl’s funeral. Congratulations to new members who joined the chapter recently.Troy Croft of Quay Grand Sydney Harbor, Costas Georgiou of Mercure Sydney Airport as Hotel Engineers. In closing, I would like to express my appreciation to all committee members, all Engineers and our corporate members for their continuous support for a bright future of the Hotel Engineering Industry. Best Wishes. Anura Yapa JP President – AIHE NSW chapter

AIHE STATE

NEWS VICTORIA Dear readers and members, as we head in to our winter months of cold rainy grey days, I thought I would take the oppor tunity to share some of the warm spirit that the Victorian chapter has created, over the past months. The following was communicated by our Secretary Anton Van den Brink, which cer tainly touched a few hear ts. Dear Members (Engineers and Corporate, past and present), Associates and friends of the AIHE Vic Chapter. For those of you that haven’t been able to attend our meetings or are out of the loop, find following some details of what has been happening in recent weeks and the flow on that we are currently experiencing. “CHIARA” is not a code name, it’s not an acronym for a new environmental scheme and it is definitely not a brand of LED lighting. Chiara is the granddaughter of Chris Roberts, a loyal member of our AIHE community. When Chris told us about the struggle his daughter was going through whilst securing treatments and special equipment for her severely handicapped baby girl “Chiara”, we did what every community would have done. We put our heads together and decided to raise much needed funds to assist one of our own.

During our May meeting, hosted by Don Robertson, Chief Engineer Pullman on the Park, we invited Chris’s daughter and husband to come along and share the story about their ordeal. We learnt that Chiara who is 18 months old, was born with Polymicrogyria. The damage to her brain affects motor coordination and speech, it is possible she may never be able to walk or talk, the cause of her condition was most likely a stroke in the womb. Chiara has on going medical treatment of which requires her to fly to the USA for specialised treatments. Her parents have had to quit their full time work to focus on the hours of daily therapy Chiara requires. The Vic Chapter Committee had already decided to prepare a donation of $1500.00 from the Chapter coffers and to organise a raffle that would generate more funding to assist the Mazzeo family. As this fundraising exercise gained momentum, we experienced the kind of generosity that can only be contributed to a bond that we have between members of the institute / and by emotions that touch us deep in our hearts. At our May meeting, Laser Plumbing generously donated an experience that most rev-heads can only dream of. This was 2 hot laps at Sandown Raceway in the Laser Porsche, valued at $1600.00. In the coming weeks, we were able to raise $1000.00 for Chiara’s cause, with John Appleyard from Woodlands Interiors snapping up this opportunity. The momentum continued with a variety of donations from: NCE Commercial, REECE Plumbing, Harvey Norman Commercial, Dorma

Hardware, Koala Lamps, Hanita Pacific, Technologies 4 Hotels & EP&T Global. Coupled with vouchers from the Downtowner Hotel, Sofitel Melbourne on Collins, The Windsor Melbourne, Stamford Plaza & Grand Hyatt Melbourne, lead to the success of our raffle and also running a silent auction. Anton, along with the close suppor t of our committee, you have been the driving force behind getting the message out there to our AIHE members. The finale was at our June meeting, where Peter Nesbit from the Downtower on Lygon hosted the night. At the conclusion of the evening, through the proceeds of our raffle and auctions item, we were able to raise a fur ther $6635.00 towards assisting Chiara, bringing our total to $9135.00. The evening was also complimented by one of our newest corporates presenting on the night. Flood restoration Australia gave an insightful and somewhat enter taining presentation with the focus around the “science of drying” It is ironic that a company like FCA offers such expertise in this area, but we only call on them when we are faced with a very wet disaster. Joe, it is great to know what your team is able to offer, coupled with the fact that they are on call 24/7 gives comfor t if we ever have to pick up the phone and make that call. I close with extending gracious thanks to all or members who have kindly contributed over the past months. I feel we all take great satisfaction in knowing we are in good company, amongst those in our AIHE community. Regards David Zammit President AIHE Victoria Chapter

AIHE STATE

NEWS QUEENSLAND Greetings from Queensland. In the first instance, I must mention the fact that, after so many years at the helm, the illustrious tenure of Ian Crookston as our Chapters President, has ended. Ian has officially retired from the position and the Committee. On that note, thank you to all other State Presidents for being able to accommodate the change of venue (State), for the June Presidents meeting. We have organised a receptive dinner with all Queensland Committee members and Presidents, together with Ian to officially thank him for his many years and maybe, reminisce. Our AGM was held in April to review the previous year briefly, and elect the committee as well as officially receiving Ianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s resignation. The attendance was pleasing and comforting to have exisiting committee members standing and re-elected, with some previous members also re-involving themselves and some new faces.

Griffith University and Health Centre.With all the new technology and Plant to view during the back of house tour, it will be more than interesting. This does open up participation we are hoping to more Hotel Engineers, Facilities and Maintenance Managers plus Corporates. We are as the Queensland Chapter, endeavouring to offer varied and informative presentations of interest to all in our Industry and associated with it, plus Building Managers, Suppliers etc.To that end, we therefore anticipate an increase in membership and or attendance showing what we have to offer, and the need to network and discuss current trends and issues, in the Industry. Membership, for what we offer and the support is certainly value for money. If you require any further information please do not hesitate to contact me per e-mail, pault@watermarkhotelgc.com.au, or alternatively, become a member -- membership form in this publication. Paul Truman

We are grateful as well to still have a number of our Corporate members actively involved on the Committee ,and continually offering invaluable inputs. I do want to mention both Bev Allen (Secretary) and Geoff Baldwin (Treasurer) restanding, as with any change it is reassuring to maintain some stability. I have assumed the role of Chapter President for the interim and thank all for their support. Progress (Organising), has been steady in relation to the upcoming Institute Conference next year. Appropriate venues have been contacted to provide both Conference and Accommodation Packages, and this will be further discussed at the Presidents meeting. A lot of work has been done in the back ground by Bev and as mentioned, on the way to what will be a very well attended, organised and rewarding Conference. May and June committee meetings were well attended and our main focus currently is on a concerted drive for membership both on the Gold Coast and Brisbane. The Committee have been asked to review our Ethos and where we can in some way increase interest in our Organisation, and therefore increase membership. Everyone has contributed and some ideas tabled for all of us to consider, review and instigate. With the responsibilty of organising Institute presentation evenings, and being the meeting co-ordinator, Lindsay Slade, having carried this banner for so long, has handed the reins to Alan Gyoury with Lindsay in the back ground. Some particularly interesting presentations are being considered and one having been organised for the month of June, being a site visit to

AIHE STATE

NEWS

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

PROGRAMMED PROPERTY SERVICES

Greetings to everyone from WA. We held our annual golf day in April at the Vines Country Club. As always we had 80 players made up of Hotel Engineers and Facility Managers with major support from our sponsors listed below:

SITA Australia-Suez DORMA-Australia-New Zealand Duratec Australia ThyssenKrupp Elevator Australia JAYMAK-equipment hygiene services

OMEGA power WA Airlite Group Roy Batts sales MPM Group Perrott Painting-Wattyl Asset Services OTIS Elevator Company Programmed Property Services Higgins Coatings

Many thanks to these companies for their continued support. The course was in fantastic condition and the weather couldn’t have been any better.The day was managed like clockwork by the team at the Vines as was the quality of the food. I would also like to acknowledge and welcome our new members to the WA Chapter: Name

Title

Company

Christopher Terranova

Marketing Coordinator

Workplace Access and Safety

Adrian Edric Gallo

Maintenance Officer

Duxton Hotel Perth

Merisha Ansell

Architectural Account Specialist

Reece

Robert John Fox

Director

Ocean Air Services

John Saratsis

Sales Manager

Kleenheat Gas

Oliver Whyte

General Manager

Floorwise

Vincent Francis

Maintenance Supervisor

Novotel Perth Langley

Antonius Gunawanputra

Engineering Coordinator

Pan Pacific Perth

Mark Mccartney

Facilities Manager

Spotless

Electrical • DAS (distributed antenna system) mobile signal booster to prevent dead spots in buildings • Digital lighting control (supply fit, maintenance, preventative maintenance • Compliance Testing for-emergency Exit, smoke detectors, thermo graphic scanning of power boards, tag and test Audio Visual • Distributed Audio • Design and construct conference room/function rooms • Digital signage and LED signage Painting • Decorative coatings, Protective coatings, Specialised coatings, difficult access work • Preventative painting maintenance Grounds • Ground maintenance programs, Garden Bed maintenance, Mowing & Brush cutting • Interior plants Corporate Imaging • Building Identification Signage, Branding Signage, Sky Signs, Reception/ Room fit outs • Artwork conceptualisation and design

CATERLINK Who presented a short Power Point presentation on our 2 new Model ranges which are the MiQ Conveyor machines and our MiClean under counter range.The new MiQ rack conveyors and Flights have been ordered for the Crown Tower. These machines feature: Much less power usage; Less water consumption; Less chemical consumption; Far less exhaust output; Inbuilt water filtration in each tank. Just a few of their features.

In May we had a combined meeting with the Hospital Engineers-IHEA at the offices of Wood and Grieve consulting engineers.

There was also a demonstration model of the Under counter MiClean range on display.

Mark Stokoe - the President of the IHEA WA welcomed everyone before Wood and Grieve presented various topics such as: Hydraulic and electrical Design in new buildings and finishing with a very interesting presentation on acoustic segregation in buildings and the different types of acoustic situations that require specific solutions.

In closing the WA Chapter would like to pass on our condolences to Carl Van Den Heever’s family. Carl leaves behind a family and many friends both professionally and personally connected to the AIHE particularly in NSW where he was an inaugural member. Carl was well respected in WA and will be missed by many.

We concluded with a back of house tour before networking with the Hospital engineers.

Regards

Our meeting in June was held at Crown Perth with two guest presenters:

Who gave us an overview of services that would be most relevant to hotel engineers as outlined below.

Tony Fioraso President – AIHE Western Australia

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ENERGY SAVINGS OBTAINED USING THE ONLINE AUTOMATIC TUBE CLEANING SYSTEM (ATCS) IN HVAC SYSTEMS

DR DAVIDE ROSS1 I DR ADINA CIRTOG1 I ALEX SWANSON1

read with great interest two recent energy efficiency editorials published in The Hotel Engineer; Tim Edwards’ contribution on the role of refrigeration and air conditioning in energy efficiency in Vol. 19 and; Anura Yapa, director of Engineering at Shangri-La Hotel Sydney and Anwar Ahmed Enman Pty Ltd provided an overview of energy management at the Shangri-La Hotel in Vol. 20. Interestingly, Tim made missed mentioning of fouling’s contribution to energy inefficiency and Anura finished up at a familiar point: “Is there anything else the hotel can undertake to save energy?” and “The greatest challenge for the Shangri-La is to improve the NABERS star rating from 4 to 5”. Well I am glad you asked. In this report, I will summarise results of energy savings obtained from the installation of the ATCS to the condensers of the centralised plant chillers of four A-grade commercial office buildings located in the Sydney CBD. This is an exert of a paper that is to be presented at the Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning – 2015 conference, June 07-12, Enfield (Dublin), Republic of Ireland. I am certain it comes as no surprise to the readership of this journal, that analysis of the energy consumption by end-use has determined that HVAC energy use in commercial buildings ranges from 40% to 52% of the total usage (Brodribb et al., 2013). Chillers are usually the single largest user of electricity in most commercial and institutional HVAC facilities. In many cases, they are the single largest user of any form of energy in buildings. For these reasons, maintenance and engineering managers looking for ways to improve the energy efficiency of their buildings should start by improving the efficiency of chillers. Managers have three primary options to improving chiller performance: replacement, control strategies and maintenance. As chillers are required to reject heat to complete the vapourcompression cycle, a condenser heat exchanger is used which allows heat to migrate from the refrigerant gas to either water or air. Heat transfer has the greatest single effect on chiller performance. Large chillers can have more than five miles of condenser and evaporator

tubes, therefore high heat transfer is fundamental to maintaining efficiency (Piper, 2006). Water-cooled chillers incorporate the use of cooling towers, which improve the chillers’ thermodynamic effectiveness as compared to air-cooled chillers. One of the most common types of water-cooled refrigerant condensers is the shell-and-tube, where the chiller refrigerant condenses outside the tubes and the cooling water circulates through the tubes in a single or multi-pass circuit. An almost unavoidable consequence of using water is that fouling of the heat exchanger surface may result from sediment, biological growth, or corrosive products. Scale can also result from the deposition of minerals from the cooling water on the warmer surface of the condenser tube. The formation of process-related deposits on heat transfer surfaces bears an estimated economic price tag of about 0.25% of the GDP of industrialised countries. What may come as a surprise to readers of this journal is the impacts of fouling on heat transfer surfaces is generally already considered in the design of heat exchangers by using a so-called “fouling factor” in the calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient, U. Fouling will reduce the overall heat transfer coefficient and thus leads to the reduction of the heat duty of an existing heat exchanger or to additional surface area requirements in the design of new heat exchangers. The prevalence of fouling in heat exchangers has been clearly demonstrated by several surveys that

Fig 1 Percentage of operating heat exchangers confronted with fouling problems.

have reported that more than 90% of industrial heat exchangers suffer from fouling problems (Muller-Steinhagen, 2011; Steinhagen et al., 1992; Garrett-Price et al.,1985). Figure 1 shows the percentage of operating heat exchangers confronted with fouling problems, as found in the detailed study for New Zealand. When a water-cooled condenser is selected, anticipated operating conditions, including water and refrigerant temperatures, have usually been determined. Standard practice allows for a fouling factor in the selection procedure. The major uncertainty is which fouling factor to choose for a given application or water condition to obtain expected performance from the condenser. As fouling is a major unresolved problem, it is a normal practice to oversize the heat transfer surface area to account for fouling. Design engineers frequently over compensate by arbitrarily increasing the fouling resistance or by multiplying the calculated overall heat transfer coefficients with a “safety factor” (Muller-Steinhagen, 2011). This has been exemplified in practice whereby over specifying fouling resistances has increased the heat transfer surface above clean conditions in the range of 20–300%! (Garrett-Price et al.,1985). This was confirmed by a major Heat Transfer Research, Inc. (HTRI) study into the fouling-related excess area of 2000 recently designed heat exchangers (Muller-Steinhagen, 2011). This is reproduced in Figure 2. In layman terms, your chiller’s condenser heat exchanger is very likely to be way over sized by the chiller OEM.

Fig. 3 Effect of Fouling on chiller Capacity and Energy Usage (ASHRAE, 2000)

Fig 4 Fouling mitigation pathways

Fig 2. Excess fouling factors (HTRI)

As fouling builds up in a condenser, the condensing temperature and subsequent power consumption increases while the unit cooling capacity decreases. This effect can be seen in Figure 3. At some point in the operating cycle, the increased cost of power will be offset by the cost of cleaning. The general techniques for fouling mitigation of heat exchangers are shown in Figure 4. Chemical inhibitors are commonly introduced to the water loop to reduce and/or mitigate the deposition rates of selected fouling problems. While chemical cleaning is effective, as water is bled from the cooling tower and or evaporated from the cooling tower, there is continual requirement to top up the chemical dosage as fresh water is introduced into the system. Use of chemicals adds to the plant operating costs, and their application may be restricted by environmental legislation or by product specifications (MullerSteinhagen et al., 2011).

As alternative to chemical inhibitors, mechanical treatment of the heat exchange surface may be undertaken. The most common mechanical method is the use of projectiles that are propelled through the heat exchanger tubes to remove deposits. Commonly referred to as an automatic tube cleaning system (ATCS), this mechanical method of cleaning heat exchanger tubes occurs while the equipment remains in operation and in full production. There are two types of ATCS: the brush and basket type and the more common recirculating sponge ball type. Recirculating sponge balls consists of slightly oversized elastomer balls that are periodically or continuously injected upstream into the condenser cooling water inlet. The balls are passed through the tubes by the water flow. A strainer or ball collector is installed at the water piping exiting the condenser. For those that say we don’t have a problem, interesting proposition. Naturally the question in reply is why exactly are you spending lots of money on chemical treatment on your condenser water circuit then? Sure you may not have a scaling issue, but can you see the biofilm problem your likely to have? But our water quality is different and we do regular services. As New Zealand is “well known” for its exceptionally deleterious water quality and poor service maintenance standards, this surely must explain the greater than 95% fouling found for shell and tube heat exchangers. Perhaps your the keen gambler and like to back yourself to have no problem. If you take prima facie that NZ actually is not too different to Australia (given NZD is almost parity now to the AUD its not such a far fetched statement anymore) and thus similar results would

apply here, a hotel that has three chillers then the odds that no fouling exists in all 3 units would be 1 in 8000. As they say the proof is in the pudding. So lets get down to it. Before I do discuss the results, a quick overview for those not familiar with ATCS. The featured case studies in this discussion have the common components that constitute an installation of this type; injector, strainer and recycle pipe work which connects the strainer to the injector to return the sponge balls. A schematic flow layout for an installation is highlighted in Figure 5. An actual installation of the sponge ball ATCS for Case 1 is shown in Figure 6. In the foreground the injector can be seen. In the background is the strainer with connecting pipework coming to the foreground. The standard operating procedure for the injector is to hold the equivalent number of sponge balls equal to a third of the number of tubes in a single pass. Sponge balls are released from the injector on set intervals of every 30 minutes. The sponge balls ought to be replaced every 1000 hours of chiller run time. In practice, this may not occur if the site has poor maintenance scheduling and will impact the results as shown in Case 3. Table 2 summarises key aspects for each Case number. Sponge balls are generally 1 mm larger in diameter than the I.D. of the condenser tube. Fig. 6 The sponge ball ATCS installed in Case 1

Fig. 5 ATCS schematic design and flow layout

The dominant independent variable on cooling load is the outside weather. Weather has many dimensions, but for whole-facility analysis, the outside air temperature is sufficient. The standard practice of using a referenced base temperature cooling degree day (CDD) was used in the present study. Cooling degree days are based on the average daily temperature. The average daily temperature is calculated as follows: [maximum daily temperature + minimum daily temperature] / 2. As HVAC load is seasonal, one full cycle is required for analysis thus, a minimum of 12 months.

Degree days are a simplified form of historical weather data outside air temperature data relative to a base temperature, and provide a measure of how much, and for how long, the outside temperature was above that base temperature. In degree-day theory, the base temperature is effectively the “balance point” of a building when the outside temperature is below which the building does not require cooling. Naturally different buildings will have different base temperatures depending on its thermal performance. For this analysis, a reference base temperature of 18ºC was used. Climate data was referenced from the BOM, Sydney Observatory Hill, weather station ID 94768 (151.21E,33.86S). A simple linear model was used to correlate energy consumption without any adjustments, to a single independent variable, CDD. Daily CDD data is summed into monthly totals. Energy consumption is then computed such that the best fit linear regression equations fitted to the baseline and post ATCS installation data are multiplied by the 10 year average degree-day value for the corresponding month. The difference between the adjusted baseline and the post ATCS normalised consumption totals is the normalised energy saving based on the 10 year average degree-day. Figure 7 summaries the year to year monthly electricity consumption data for the four buildings. A comparison of the energy consumption versus CDD for all four commercial office buildings is displayed in Figure 8. In all cases there was an observed reduction in net energy consumption following installation of the ATCS. The normalised energy savings resulted in a decrease ranging between 24.5% to 26.5%. These results compare favourably with theoretical and experimental results reported by Lee and Karng (2002) for a similar sponge ball ATCS. The authors determined a predicted theoretical maximum energy saving for the ATCS of 28%, with an average energy saving of 24%. Their field data measured a saving of 26% for the year. Results for Case 1 were also uniquely affected by additional energy conservation measures post the ATCS installation. This initiative saw the installation of VSDs to the numerous pump motors in the plant room, including the condenser water pump. In order to segregate the impact of the introduction of the various energy conservation measures, the post ATCS data was further separated to pre and post VSD installation. Naturally further savings were anticipated. The results for Case 3 were impacted by several events. The energy savings anticipated for the summer months of December 2010 to February 2011 were below expectations. Following a basic investigation it was identified that the ATCS was not serviced

Table 2. A summary of the ATCS Case studies 1 to 4

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

No. floors

Building type

Category A office building

NABERS energy rating

3.5

4.5

3.5

Net Lettable Area

39,398

26,271

No. Chillers installed with ATCS

Chiller Make/

Trane

Carrier/Trane

3 x Trane

2 x Powerpax

Condenser Type

Double pass

Double/single pass

Double pass

Double pass -split system

Tube I.D. (mm)

22; 15

2x 22; 1x 15

ATCS unit size

2 x 6”

10”/6”

2 x 10” / 1 x 6”

1x 12”

Date of installation

04/2010 & 10/2010

12/2008

06/2010

08/2013

as required since commissioning in June 2010 by the mechanical service contractor. The major factor being the non-replacement of the sponge balls at the maximum of every 1000 hours of chiller operation. At the very most, a fifteen minute task. New sets of balls were inserted into the system on March 2011. In May 2011, the Investa Property group acquired the site from ING property, which affected the service regime due to a change in the site mechanical contractor. A new service regime was established in September 2011 and maintained since then on a regular basis. For Case 4, monthly kVA demand data was supplied and analysed for savings. The maximum monthly demand has been plotted against CDD in Figure 9. On average, the demand has been decreased by 55kVA. Placing this into context, each Powerpac WA096.2H.22N twin compressor chiller has a nominal cooling capacity of 960kW with a full load COP of 5.5. This equates to an approximate full load electrical draw of 175kWe or 218kVA (assuming an average power factor of 0.8). It is noted that variations are higher with demand and reflected in the lower regression coefficients (below 0.8) when compared to energy consumption. This confirms natural expectations where maximum demand (kVA) and overall energy consumption do not have to correspond. The resulting financial savings reward from an ATCS will depend on the regional demand price structure. For some states in Australia, the average maximum demand achieved in any given 30 min interval is charged indefinitely as an annual demand capacity. The rational being the network must have spare capacity to meet this demand as it could happen anytime thereafter once achieved. Under this pricing regime, from Figure 9 no demand benefit would accrue with the ATCS. However, other state network operators charge a monthly price based on the maximum demand attained in each month. Under this pricing structure, on average, an ATCS would be expected to save the customer additional money. In summary, by keeping your condenser tubes clean, its no wonder then why such large efficiency gains of over 26% will be extracted; its DNA origin is already inherent in the original over specified design. Hopefully this paper sheds some light that there is no mystery or mystifying logic to how and why such large savings can be made with ATCS when added to your chiller. All that is left is for you to just do it.

Fig 8 Monthly consumption versus CDD for Cases 1 to 4

Fig 9 Maximum monthly demand versus CDD

REFERENCES 1. Pangolin Associates, 46 Magill Road, Norwood 5067 South Australia (davide.ross@pangolinassociates.com) Brodribb, P., and McCann, M., 2013, Cold Hard Facts 2: A study of the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry in Australia, Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment,Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC), Environment Quality Division, Ozone and Synthetic Gas Team. J. Piper, Chiller Challenge: Energy Efficiency, Maintenance Solutions, April 2006. Bott,T.R., Fouling of Heat Exchangers. 1995: Elsevier Science & Technology Books. 529. Muller-Stinhagen, H., Heat Transfer Fouling: 50 Years after the Kern and Seaton Model, Heat Transfer Engineering, 3291:1-13, 2011. Steinhagen, R., Muller-Steinhagen, H., and Maani, K., Problems and Costs Due to Heat Exchanger Fouling in New Zealand Industries, Heat Transfer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, 19–30, 1992. Garrett-Price, B. A., Smith, S. A.,Watts, R. L., Knudsen, J. G., Marner,W. J., and Suitor, J.W., Fouling of Heat Exchangers, Characteristics, Costs, Prevention, Control and Removal, Noyes, Park Ridge, NJ, pp. 9–19, 1985. Kuppan,T., Heat Exchanger Design Handbook, Section 9. Fouling, Published by Marcel Dekker ISBN: 0-8247-9787-6, New York, 2000. ASHRAE 2000 Systems and Equipment Handbook, section 35.4. Muller-Steinhagen, H, Malayeri M.R . and Watkinson, A.P., Heat Exchanger Fouling: Mitigation and Cleaning Strategies, Heat Transfer Engineering, 32(3–4):189–196, 2011. IPMVP Volume 1 EVO 10000-1:2012.

Fig 7 Yearly electricity consumption profiles for Cases 1 to 4

Lee,Y.P. and Karng, S.W.,The Effect on Fouling Reduction by the Ball Cleaning System in a Compressed Type Refrigerator, Int J of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration,Vol 10. No. 2, 88-96, 2002.

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THE HOTEL TV INDUSTRY

GIL CARVER I MANAGING DIRECTOR, AVICO ELECTRONICS

Where is the Hotel TV Industry Going? What are the key factors that should drive the decisions in hospitality? How Big is too Big? Do you really need to BYOD? “To STB-TV or to IPTV” that is the question? These are the questions we get asked everyday!

eing relatively new to the Hotel TV industry, compared to many readers of this article, I’ve been able to look for the last few years from a semi-detached position. Up until recently we were driving the sales for Hotel TV’s from one of the “big three” Tier One brands for Hotel TV in Australia. It’s given me a fairly unique insight on where its all headed and what I feel, you as the engineer need to feedback to your GM’s.

demanding more from their entertainment experiences when they are travelling. Not to brand specific but there is a definite shift towards the Smart-TV solution and with spec and price gaps closing between NON-IPTV and IPTV models the argument will soon disappear as IPTV will probably prevail. The providers in this space at this stage of the game would all be re-evaluating their offer and I would strongly urge you as

SIZE – WHAT DO YOU RECOMMEND? 2014-15 we are seeing a marked increase in the sales of 40-42inch (100-106cm Diagonal) size screens across the brands. With prices of those sizes varying form as low as $400.00 up to and beyond the $900.00 mark you could imagine specs and appearances were varied. But at those prices it was a definite sweet spot. Most hotel brand standard regardless of star rating made inquiries on this range for their normal rooms. 48 – 55 inch (120-140cm Diagonal) screens are however coming and we have seen the growth in sales of 48 inch screen commence. Its not surprising that your guests are pretty much used large, high-resolution screens are Picture Courtesy Ad Notam Germany

Picture Courtesy Philips Hotel Tv: 42 inch compared to 55inch screen

the engineer to get to know the various systems and understand the pro’s and cons of each.

WHAT ABOUT OTHER LOCATIONS? How about a massive wow factor for your guests, these days we are surrounded by display devices and we find them all over a hotel: Have you considered:

that a movie needs 3-8meg Bandwidth to be provided for a 1920x1080p image 2. Total Cost of Ownership This is an important factor quite often seen but mostly overlooked. The savings can be huge from one brand to another. Each brand will have its energy figures online on regulators website for all to see. 3. BYOD This little chestnut, as hard as it is across various brands of smart phones and tablets, is achievable so is a must. • Bathrooms • Toilet floors • Wardrobe doors • Way finding and signage in the lobby • Conference rooms • Your imagination is your only limit

KEY FACTORS DRIVING CHANGE – BYOD

WHAT SPEC DO WE REALLY NEED? I see several key considerations in priority:

4. Room size and distance from screen will determine average approximate size and all the brands have calculators so just ask and they will provide!

1. What infrastructure do you have?

5. Brand standard

- The way the content is being delivered to the TV’s and the type of content determines this. Antenna, network and Wifi connections direct or via STB. Remember we estimate

So what’s yours? If you don’t have one then choice is endless

“Bring your Own Device” – The catch cry of our industry. It’s the must have feature with Hotel TV’s and in all intents and purposes I agree as the average traveller also bringing with them many electronic devices into your hotel. Lets count them down: 1. Personal use Smart phones 2. Smart phone for business 3. Tablets for entertainment 4. Laptops for business These devices are competition for paid and promotional content usually carried over hotel in-room entertainment systems but as we know need to be viewed as a potential partner rather than the adversary of hotel revenue streams.

Photo Courtesy of Philips Hotel TV

players have a different method of delivery of content and integration with the HOTEL PMS.

• Can you afford to be without it? What will your guests think?

LED is pretty much it these days, until the OLED prices come down of course then the ball game will change again as the designers will go crazy.

All provide the following:

• How strong is the company behind the system and what are their plans for the future?

7. Quality and Reliability

3. Pay TV channels

Pick one of the top tier brands and you’ll be fine. Ensure they are eco friendly and have good 3yr warranty as standard. 16/7 use & 1080P capability

4. Device sharing

Look at all the brands and see which suits, simple. 6. Screen technology

8. SMART TV APPs - Yes these are all relevant but you will probably only be needing things like catch up TV & a few of the top ones, otherwise guests wont buy your movies or use your internet? It would be fair to say that going for the largest affordable screen sizes will prevent guests from viewing in-room television as a downgrade from their own home entertainment setup. Arrangement of the room and placement of the television also has a significant impact on viewing experience.

“TO STB-TV OR TO IPTV” THAT IS THE QUESTION Part of the TCO argument comes into play here. Bearing in mind that each of the major

1. Movies on demand 2. Free to Air TV & EPG’s

5. Guest messaging 6. Hotel PMS integration 7. Hotel TV compendium’s My questions are: • What have you got now? • What do like and dislike about the system? • How much revenue are you enjoying as a result?

• What will your financial model bear? Shall we OPEX or CaPEX? From my experience, I see a definite shift towards a Smart TV IPTV solution as it appears to be quite stable and looks great and if you have the right infrastructure. However, be sure to review all the options as they may well surprise. So to STB-TV or IPTV is not as clear-cut as it would seem, it may simply come down to the financial model and the level of services and integration each TV or integration partner can bring. Ultimately remember rule #1. Its about your guests and what they expect and what keeps them coming back.

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he importance of selecting suitable suppliers can’t be overstated. Many a well planned project has fallen down due to poor supplier selection or by simply using price as the sole selection criteria. The hidden costs of dealing with a poorly qualified supplier can far outweigh the “seemingly” cheap quote. Transversely, the benefits of dealing with a quality supplier will add enormous value. A good supplier will act as a business partner and mutual benefits will be gained. I hope this “check list” of sorts may assist your selection process or provide food for thought. Product range Whilst it is not always practical it is certainly beneficial if you can find “one stop shop” solutions where the supplier can cover a wide range of your hotel’s product or service needs. Suppliers having access to “hotel specific” range’s is also important. A “one stop shop” solution will provide carry over benefits to many areas of your business. Some of these will include quote requests, central contact point, accounts processing and general follow up and support.

Support Does your supplier have the qualified and experienced staff on hand to support your operation fully with a minimum of stress and wasted time? Whilst “message bank” is a great invention for small operators, it can drive you crazy when the pressure’s on. Good ongoing support and follow up is one of the most valuable things a supplier can offer. The ability to provide this warrants research. Accounts and finance The value of a major hotel project can be substantial. Some smaller operators may be forced to request upfront or staged payments so they can stay in the game. Avoid these suppliers if possible and partner with those who have the ability to offer substantial trading accounts and other finance options such as rental or leasing. The last thing you want is for your project to collapse mid-stream because your supplier’s finances have collapsed. Power The larger supplier’s will always carry more power over their product manufacturers than the smaller ones will. This can provide you

with many benefits including better pricing, better manufacturer’s support, better product information and better project support in general. Logistics Hotel projects can roll out over many months and your supplier should have the ability to work with your needs to ensure a smooth process. Ideally your supplier will have access to good warehousing and logistics on a national basis. Price Of course price is very important but by leaving this till last I wanted to emphasise the fact that there are many other factors that add value to a supplier relationship. If you’ve chosen a quality supplier that ticks all the above boxes then it’s fairly certain they will be offering you the most competitive pricing at all times. If however you find a supplier who you would like to work with that is constantly out on pricing, talk to them about where you’d like them to be and they may find ways to meet your needs. Ensure that the quality of your suppliers matches the quality of your business and “happy days”.

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BRAVE NEW WORLD OF HOTEL TECHNOLOGY

TED HORNER

I have just returned from 3 plus weeks travelling around the US (9 cities in total) and one of the purposes of the trip was to try and get a handle on where technology is headed.

o what did I learn from staying at a number of different hotels both large and small and in my many discussions with hotel colleagues and vendors. Big hotel brands like Starwood are investing in new technology to provide both better service and to enable them to communicate more effectively with their SPG members before, during and after their stay at one of their many hotel brands globally. Investment in keyless technology is one such example and so far 64,000 SPG members have signed up to the program even though only a small number of hotels have implemented the technology. In discussions with some of my clients they are nervous about this technology as they believe it is going to take away some of the personal face to face contact that guests have grown accustomed as they arrive at the reception desk. However I see it differently as all hotels that adopt this technology are doing is offering an alternative method of check in where guests such as Millennials are given the choice of bypassing the front desk. Time will tell whether keyless entry is a fad or becomes an accepted method to check into your room. Certainly in my case I see it as a godsend particularly after being on a plane from Australia for 12 plus hours all I want to do is go directly to my room and I am not even a Millennial. Today it is a fact that guests are bringing their own content with them but moving forward

providing great Wi-Fi and innovative design are simply the cost of entry to the market these days and the hotel experience needs to be more alluring to keep up with whatever is on the guest’s phones. Getting the design and the technology correct is paramount as social media plays an integral role in determining success or failure as choices made can be reflected in real time where guests express their opinions good or bad and then make it something visible to their friends and their friends etc. Everything new is now instantly available to everyone so the overall guest experience comes from how the components of design, technology and also service come together in a hotel in a cohesive way. One such example is small European boutique hotel group called Citizen M www.citizenm.com who in my opinion have got the combination of technology and design 100% aligned and this has led to excellent trip advisor ratings and also great commercial success. Starwood is also looking at providing room service menus via the SPG app and depending on it’s success may be rolled out globally. Some hotel groups are looking at harnessing the appeal of the new Apple watch with apps on the watch which will remind guests of their room number or provide directions back to their hotel in both English and the local language.

Another important aspect is how will the major hotel brands use big data to target individual offers to guests or provide more personalised service to guests when in house that even the old fashioned Swiss hoteliers would appreciate. Some hotel brands are piloting Blue Tooth beacons in lobbies and public spaces that will beam profiles of approaching guests to staff who can then greet them by name and follow up on service requests or as they enter the restaurant or bar provide the opportunity to offer them their favourite drink after the initial greeting. So as an international traveller how can hotels particularly in the US use technology to provide the level of high touch service typically found in hotels in Europe and SE Asia? Maybe with the use of personalised data combined with sensors and apps is one way for American hotels to close the service gap compared to some 5 star hotels in Asia such as Mandarin Oriental where staff for year having been keeping tabs on guest’s movements throughout the hotel and then make their habits and preferences known to managers so as to improve service. The question is can hotels implement new technology that is not invasive to guests and at the same time seamlessly improve the quality of guest service that has been the hallmark of 5 star hotels in Europe and SE Asia – watch this space and welcome to the brave new world of technology in hotels.

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VIRAN YAPA PROFILE

Young engineer Viran Yapa hits the ground running.

ooking through the accomplishments of Viran Yapa, you would be forgiven for thinking that he was a lot further down the track in his career. But Viran’s young age of 27 years old has not compromised his level of experience and expertise in the industry. His latest role, as the new Maintenance Manager of the State Buildings in Perth, is testament to this. Not only is Viran in charge of maintenance for the hotel part of the building; he is also responsible for maintaining the building’s retail and non-hotel food and beverage spaces. “I started the position in March this year,” Viran says. “The experience has been really interesting in this opening stage. This building has a 135-year history. It makes it challenging, because we are working in a historically significant building, but very exciting.” Viran will play a key role in this new heritage property alongside FJM Property in the $100 million-plus development of this iconic building, which served the Western Australian State Government for over one hundred years. The building sits on the corner of St Georges Terrace and Barrack Street in the middle of the CBD. Visitors to Perth often stop to photograph the building’s esteemed external design. The fact that Viran is in such an important position is even more impressive when you consider that he graduated from his Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (Honours) degree only three years ago. However, it is fair to say that Viran’s dedication to the job started well before then. “My uncle, Anura Yapa JP, was the Plant Engineer of the Hilton Melbourne (now

Pullman on the Park) and later the ShangriLa Sydney. He was also the President of the NSW chapter of the Hotel Engineer Association. When I was in high school, I would see him do his job during my holidays. I’d get to see how the systems operated and how the maintenance department worked. This was when I found my passion in the industry. I can proudly say until this day Anura has been a solid support to me” While studying at high school and Curtin University, Viran got a foot in the door of the industry by taking part-time entrylevel jobs at the 256-room Novotel Perth Langley. “I started as by taking a Night Porter job where I would deliver the newspapers and answer phone calls. I worked my way up the chain to Receptionist, Night Auditor, Handyman, Maintenance Officer and Assistant Manager. I became Maintenance Manager after finishing my degree in 2012 and then Chief Engineer in 2013. I had a good relationship with the GM of the Novotel Perth Langley, Bree Creaser, who helped me along the way. Bree is the current Director Academie Accor & Talent Development TVKCLMPJ. She is wellknown for developing number of young hotel managers” Unlike many other university graduates, Viran had proven experience and an impressive line of accomplishments as soon as he received his parchment. He worked hard to juggle full-time study with part-time work, which turned into full-time work during the study breaks. While at Novotel Perth Langley, Viran implemented a number of upgrades.

The first was to investigate upgrade the Novotel Perth Langley’s internet system. This research project was initiated by GM Bree at his University time. His next project was to convert the hotel’s storage room and Adelaide suite (function room) into three separate standard rooms. The next job was a complete modernisation of the lifts in the hotel. This upgrade included an option to increase the speed of the lift to 2m/s and a re-skin to ground floor doors. The lift upgrade was completed under the supervision of Regional Engineer David F Barranger, and Whitfield Rose was the lift consultant. Viran converted all 35W Halogen globes in the guest corridors to Philips LED 7W lights. The conversion of 600 globes to the lower power consumption LED saved the hotel nearly 148,000kWh and had a 7-month return on investment. Viran was also responsible for water saving measures. He installed water-limiting showerheads in the guest rooms, adjusted toilet float valves and also included a 2L filled water bottle in each guest room toilet water basin. Number of new water sub meters also installed to the hotel back of house area which earned the hotel a Bronze award from the Water Corporation of WA’s Water Efficiency Management Plan Recognition Scheme 2012-2013. The showerhead replacement reduced water use by 10 per cent in a year. With assistance from other departments, Viran earned the hotel an ISO 14001 certification for environmental management. Viran’s final project in the Novotel Perth Langley was the replacement of the central chiller plant. The cooling energy was supplied by two Luke Water cooled chillers with reciprocating compressors at 800kW

and 642kW. The plant upgrade was with AHI Carrier 350kW standard screw chiller and 950kW High Efficiency VSD type screw chiller.

As a young hotel engineer carving out a very promising career, Viran is in an excellent position to offer advice to engineering students.

Viran moved to the State Buildings in March this year and immediately developed a positive relationship with GM Anneke Brown. Viran says many of the latest amenities had already been installed when he started.

“Whatever the area, any exposure to the work of an engineer is good. You need to be prepared to accept a position at the bottom of the chain to make it happen for you. I took the job as a night porter while studying engineering and I wouldn’t have gotten as far so quickly if I hadn’t been climbing the ladder while studying. Another piece of advice is to have passion and drive for what you are doing. My new GM Anneke told me that attitude is more important than skills. You need to be willing to learn.”

“The inside of the building was already very modern and fitted with LED lighting and energy saving hot water systems. To save on energy costs, the hotel has VSD controls in all key AHUs. All guest room suites are fitted with automation. I have enjoyed maintaining the new technology. We are on track to have everything ready for our opening soon. Everyone is working very hard.”

Viran also recommends joining your state’s chapter of the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering. He claims that his membership helped him get into his current role because it provided networking opportunities and

helped him learn the variety of Australian standards he works under. In the next five years, Viran has ambitions to complete a Masters in Project Management and to apply his skills overseas. “I want to get some global experience. In particular, I’d like to work in China or the USA. I am drawn to this because of the pressure and the challenge. It is because of their high populations and lower wage costs that these hotels have different operations and higher staff levels. I would like to experience working in that environment to build up more skills.” Viran is excited for the opening of the State Buildings project in August. He has an impressive record of achievement in his previous position at the Novotel Perth Langley and is eager to enjoy similar success now. With many years ahead of him, we can expect Viran Yapa to achieve every ambition he has in mind.

SMARTER CONTROLS, SMART BUSINESS HOLIDAY INN POTTS POINT

nergy use accounts for the largest portion of the InterContinental Hotels Group’s (IHG) carbon footprint and, in Australia, is the second highest operational cost after labour. By undertaking a NABERS Energy rating at its Holiday Inn Potts Point property, IHG was able to receive a Green Building Fund Grant and implement capital works that helped it achieve its NABERS target of 3.5 Stars by the end of 2014. The Challenge Holiday Inn Potts Point is a 288-room hotel owned by Eureka Funds Management and operated by IHG, one of the world’s leading hotel management companies with over 4700 hotels globally. Holiday Inn Potts Point is a 4 Star hotel that aligns to Holiday Inn international brand standards and is located on the fringe of Sydney’s CBD. In 2012, IHG’s set an ambitious goal in its Sustainability Strategy by stating that all Eureka hotels should achieve a 3.5 Star NABERS rating by the end of 2014. With only a 2 Star NABERS rating at the time, Holiday Inn Potts Points needed to reduce its energy

consumption and invest in energy-saving infrastructure that would achieve this target without impacting the guest experience.

We are using NABERS to cut carbon emissions, as well as significantly reduce water and energy consumption in every InterContinental, Crowne Plaza and Holiday Inn hotel in Australasia. Richard Solomons, CEO, InterContinental Hotels Group

The Project Many hotel services at Holiday Inn Potts Point rely on electricity, from lighting and air-conditioning to kitchens, elevators and laundries. To determine where energy savings could be achieved,

a high-level audit was conducted. It found three low-cost opportunities that would lead to an improved NABERS rating:

hotel’s ambiance and guest experience. The lighting upgrade saved over $40,000 per year.

Building Management System (BMS) The majority of the hotel’s existing controls equipment was replaced and a comprehensive review of all control logic conducted. This review led to an adjustment of digital controller settings, which optimised energy use in all areas of the hotel, saving over $50,000 a year. InnCom installation Each room was fitted with a wall-mounted room thermostat, built-in motion sensor, green ‘ecoMODE’ button and a switch on the front door to confirm occupancy. The ecoMODE button allows guests to participate in reducing the carbon footprint and energy use of the hotel. When pressed, the temperature setback is increased a further 0.5°C with increased time delays between cooling and heating correction cycles. Energy management software was also linked to the BMS, allowing realtime control of temperature setbacks. These measures saved over $35,000 a year in energy costs. LED lighting installation Lighting was identified as an area of improvement for Holiday Inn Potts Point, as it made up more than 15 percent of the hotel’s energy consumption. Engineers and lighting designers were engaged to independently review the hotel, to ensure any changes would be energy efficient and aesthetically pleasing. A proof of concept was developed and approved, prior to the installation of Phillips LED lighting in all public areas, including the corridors, lobby, reception, function rooms and back of house. The upgrade reduced the hotel’s maintenance and energy costs, without changing the existing lighting controls or impacting the

Changing the way we work and creating an energy-efficient building has made a remarkable difference to the amount of energy that Holiday Inn Potts Point consumes. As a result, we’ve been able to significantly reduce our operational costs and carbon footprint. It’s just smart business. Robin Power, Chief Engineer,

InterContinental Hotels Group

The Team The project team was carefully selected to ensure any works had a minimal impact on hotel operations and did not hinder the performance of staff. An external project manager was engaged so that hotel engineers could focus on the ongoing maintenance and management of the hotel. The engineers maintained regular communication with the project manager and notified all departments of works to be undertaken. The general manager, Chris Curran provided high-level supervision and support, while the head of finance managed any contractual negotiations. Front of house staff managed room occupancy while technology was installed in guest rooms and housekeeping played a key role in identifying any issues throughout the hotel.

The following hotels have proven their commitment to sustainability and energy efficiency by using Australia’s only independently assessed and government audited environmental rating system – NABERS.

A U S T R A L I A’ S T O P P E R F O R M E R S 4.5 STAR NABERS ENERGY RATING DOWNTOWNER ON LYGON

ABODE WODEN

66-88 Lygon Street

10 Bowes Street

CARLTON VIC 3053

PHILLIP ACT 2606

(valid until 19/03/2016)

(valid until 12/02/2016)

4 STAR NABERS ENERGY RATING THE VICTORIA HOTEL

MERCURE HOTEL SYDNEY

215 Little Collins Street

818-820 George Street

MELBOURNE VIC 3000

HAYMARKET NSW 2000

(valid until 17/06/2016)

(valid until 16/06/2016)

RYDGES WORLD SQUARE

DOUBLE TREE BY HILTON HOTEL

389 Pitt Street

82 Barrett Drive

SYDNEY NSW 2000

ALICE SPRINGS NT 870

(valid until 31/05/2016)

(valid until 13/03/2016)

HOLIDAY INN SYDNEY AIRPORT

THE GRACE HOTEL

Corner Of Bourke Rd & O’riordan St

77-79 York Street

MASCOT NSW 2020

SYDNEY NSW 2000

(valid until 06/11/2015)

(valid until 24/09/2015)

CROWNE PLAZA CANBERRA

1 Binara Street CANBERRA ACT 2601 (valid until 09/09/2015)

TO FIND OUT HOW YOU CAN JOIN THESE INDUSTRY LEADERS GO TO WWW.NABERS.GOV.AU

NABERS is a national initiative managed by the New South Wales Government

FAST FACTS Building: Holiday Inn Potts Point Building Owner: Eureka Funds Management Building Operator: IHG Rooms: 288 Hotel STAR Rating: 4 Stars NABERS Energy Rating: 3.5 Stars (Valid until Feb 2014) Key upgrades:

Building Management System (BMS)

InnCom Installation

LED lighting installation

The Results The Holiday Inn Potts Point energy improvement project was completed in October 2012 and achieved its target of a 3.5 Star NABERS rating in 2014. NABERS’ strict measuring, reporting and accreditation process enables IHG to demonstrate its commitment to ongoing sustainability with tangible improvements that may offer a competitive advantage when attracting corporate business. It provides a simple method of benchmarking properties across its portfolio, resulting in a streamlined, cost-effective approach to sustainability. Project summary: NABERS from 2 to 3.5 stars. Upgrade

CAPEX $ (ex. GST)

Energy savings (kWh)

Savings ($/pa)

Simple Pay Back (years)

Building Management

$209,900

450,000

$52,200

4.0

$302,400

318,000

$36,900

8.2

$157,000

239,000

$41,500

3.8

System (BMS) InnCom installation LED lighting

Figure 1 - Pay Back breakdown for key upgrades

Disclaimer: All figures in the table above were provided by the owner. NABERS does not guarantee their accuracy.

Holiday Inn Po,s Point Total Energy Use & Breakdown HVAC Domes+c Hot Water Ligh+ng General Power & Appliances Refrigera+on Ver+cal Transport

AT EVERY STEP OF YOUR GUEST’S EXPERIENCE…

For more information, contact Grant Wilkins sales@docomointertouch.com +61 (0)2 9313 0400

www.docomointertouch.com

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES BEYOND 2015 HOTELS SET TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF CARRIER GRADE TECHNOLOGIES

SEAN SERIN I GPON SYSTEM DESIGNER , OPTICAL SOLUTIONS AUSTRALIA

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

CARRIER ASSISTANCE

n the January issue of this magazine, Ted Horner1 told us about current technology trends in Hotels. In Ted’s article he mentions many technologies that he believes will become ‘required’ within the modern tech savvy Hotel.

Telecommunications carriers have been utilising a technology for many years that has enabled vast amounts of information to be transmitted over limited numbers of medium.

All these modern conveniences work effortlessly by themselves, but when it comes to combining all these tech goodies in one location, on one system, and have them seamlessly interact with each other, this is the real problem for today’s hotel operators. What is needed is a converged system that supports today’s technology seamlessly, and has the capacity to support future technologies. Traditional networking technologies have supported our hotels for many years, but are starting to feel the strain from the demands of guests ‘always connected’ BYOD2 BYOC3 technologies, let alone the new video standards, with 4k & 8k in the market place, 16k and 32k currently under investigation it won’t be long before content for these standards flood the market.4 Help for our hotels come from an unlikely sector – The Carrier Networks.

This medium is Fibre and the technology is Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) this technology was migrated into the noncarrier space as Passive Optical Network (PON). One of the PON technologies used throughout Australia is Gigabit Passive Optical Networks or GPON, the NBN has embraced this GPON technology to deliver the Australia National Broadband Network, but this technology can be utilised in many other verticals than residential. One such vertical is the Hotel industry. As mentioned in the January Issue, the Next Hotel has blazed the way into the future with a state of the art guest experience, and this experience is enabled by a Gigabit Passive Optical Network.

THE GPON ADVANTAGE There are many advantages to this technology; • Reduction of physical space requirements on the accommodation floors based on NO requirement for active distribution switches to meet the 90m copper rule

per floor. Splitters are completely passive, and able to be placed in nearly any accessible space (floor, ceiling box, closet, manholes). Communications rooms (FDR/ TR) become passive spaces for the fibre splitter, or simply a fibre pass through. • Reduced power requirements for the network equipment. NO active equipment on the floors for distribution and the ONT’s per room only draw 750mA each. Therefore reducing your carbon foot print and assisting in higher green star ratings. • Reduced number of cables therefore reducing cabling pathways. Reduced cable diameters – assisting in retrofits • Future proofed infrastructure – the medium utilised for GPON is single mode fibre optics, giving your hotel the ability to upgrade bandwidth without changes to the infrastructure. • Carrier grade equipment, giving carrier level of reliability, previously unseen in non-carrier space. • Truly converged networking, all IP devices sitting on one network, enabling single point system control. Central global firmware upgrades management. Central management minimises required field technician expertise and supports high volume Moves, Adds and Changes. • GPON utilises single mode fibre which supports over 69Tbps of throughput making it a ‘future proof ’ transport medium.

• Benefits of fibre plant vs. copper: • Not susceptible to EMI • Unmatched security from tampering and intrusion • Lower material and installation cost • Smaller cable footprint than a copper infrastructure

ANYTHING OVER IP With the proliferation of IP connected devices, be they physically connected or wirelessly connected, has led to ever increasing IT infrastructure to support these services. Ten years ago the catch phrase in the consulting industry was ‘consolidated networks’ a great idea which met little success and failed in execution due to traditional technologies inability to handle some of the service traffic then being injected into the network layer5. Now this is not a failing of the existing network active infrastructure, just a realisation that current network equipment is based on fairly old technologies and has not been updated to incorporate nontraditional network traffic6.

THE RIGHT CHOICE? So is GPON the right choice? Following is a few words from the CTO of Optical Solutions Australia, Greg Outridge, to address this point. “In my travels I often get asked the same question: ”GPON vs Ethernet, copper vs fibre, how do I mitigate the risk for me and how can I ensure its viability for not only now but into the future?” Thankfully, that question is easily answered.”

TRADITIONAL NETWORK Traditionally Ethernet networks were designed for data traffic which is random and variable in its nature. Delivering video and audio over these networks requires a different approach, as these applications are the opposite of data; this traffic is constant and continuous and must be reliable.

GPON FLEXIBILITY AND RELIABILITY GPON takes the opposite approach, it is designed “out of the box” for streaming

media applications such as audio and video, and delivering it with 99.999% reliability, as well as accommodating the erratic nature of internet traffic. So gone are the days of running a separate network for BMS, CCTV, Access Control, RF TV, etc.These can now all run across the same network infrastructure, namely GPON. So when OSA claim reliability, it is backed by the fact that our same GPON infrastructure is delivering the same services as the hospitality industry are required to deliver for their clients, in some of the most harshest environments in the world that networks can possibly be deployed in. GPON not only delivers, but delivers at a price point that is competitive with traditional network systems.

REPUTABLE GPON technology is not new; in fact its suitability for a hotel environment can be assured by its current use in modern networks, with 10’s of millions of users paying for, and expecting 99.999% reliability, from these networks, and is delivering spectacular results. It should be noted that any network system installed into a hospitality environment should be treated as permanent infrastructure, it is not acceptable for this network equipment to be made redundant in the future, further increasing pressure on future OPEX and CAPEX spreadsheets in such a highly price sensitive industry as hospitality.

design guide; this guide outlines GPON installation requirements into Hotel environments.

GPON RELIABILITY So when OSA claim reliability, it is backed by the fact that our same GPON infrastructure is delivering the same services as the hospitality industry are required to deliver for their clients, in some of the most harshest environments in the world that networks can possibly be deployed in. GPON not only delivers, but delivers at a price point that is competitive with traditional network systems.

FINAL THOUGHTS I would like to leave you with this final thought. In 2008 I remember a harsh lesson being delivered by the CEO of one of the world’s largest organisations: Ivan Seidenberg of Verizon technologies7. His message was this; “To any organisation irrespective of your field of endeavour, research and find your partners and embrace them. Share your concerns and your ideas. We tried to do it ourselves and took Verizon to the brink; it was our partnerships that have enabled us to reclaim the best of breed service we were renowned for. Nobody, and I mean nobody, can do this all yourself.” OSA has embraced this philosophy and has partnered with multiple industry leaders.

RUNS ON THE BOARD

We are ready, now it’s over to you!

Like any technology, there can be pitfalls. It is important to select reputable companies with experience. For example, OSA’s GPON solutions are currently delivering multiple services to over 35,000 customers in Australia. These customers are highly demanding, as the locations of these “hotel” rooms are in some of the most remote and hostile regions of Australia. I am referring to mine camps, where in 2007 OSA was asked to commence replacement with GPON of the traditional Ethernet networks in these accommodation camps.This was due to the cost, and reliability, of existing technologies that did not meet the demands of the entertainment and services that were required.

REFERENCES

Many of the world’s leading hotel operators are looking to implement the requirements laid down in the HTNG fibre to the room

1.The Hotel Engineer Volume 19 Number 4 January 2015, page 26 2. BYOD Bring Your Own Device 3. BYOC Bring Your Own Content 4. NETFLIX tm currently offer a 4k package into Australia 5. Radio frequency traffic being but one such service 6. New moves into Application Defined Networking (ADN) shows some promise for an aging traditional network vendors 7. From an address to the FTTX council 2008

Considering state of the art in-room technology?

Ensure you install future proof fibre infrastructure to support it. For more information contact Sean Serin sean@opticalsolutions.com.au Tel: +61 (0)7 3399 5280

www.opticalsolutions.com.au

OSA0115

GPON a solution to match your expectations.

HOW THE COLOUR OF LIGHTING CAN AFFECT HOTELS

CHRISSY SOUMELIDIS I MEGAMAN

If the ancient ideal of chromotherapy is now accepted (where certain colours can affect your mood and the decisions you make during your daily routine), then artificial lighting can essentially do the same, right? Lighting can affect the way you think, act and move, the basic psychology here is that light defines our relationship with the world around us. It’s a stimulus – response type relationship. But what if it goes further?

rtificial light is currently being used to set the scene in hospitality and commercial settings, which can affect productivity and mood. It can help create excitement and generate ambience, or on the other hand it can be detrimental to your theme and be uninspiring. John Flynn, a lighting psychology researcher has found that changes in architectural lighting produced significant changes in the human response –it allowed end users to feel that a setting was either spacious, private, relaxing, or ultimately pleasant. His studies show just how critical lighting is in architecture and interior design, and should be applied with deliberation and method. If we take today’s growing infrastructure into account, we can confidently say that people continue to isolate themselves from natural light, creating the need for quality lighting solutions. Lighting is crucial when it comes to retrofitting and designing restaurants, cafes and hotels even though its role over the years has changed dramatically from a basic function, to more recently, a necessity to create the right ambience and to accent particular features in a hotel lobby for example. It can concentrate on a piece of

artwork, it can bring a room to life and it can even pave the way to the hotel restaurant, and help the customers navigate their way to their rooms. Getting the balance right can be difficult and creating an inviting reception area is hard, especially when each room of a hotel can be used for a variety of different reasons. When you look at the main functionality of each room, you will find that the lobby is not solely used as a lobby, certain sections are used as a workspace, dining area and even as a bar. Creating harmony in this environment is essential in an otherwise frantic and busy setting, not only because it is the beginning of a guests experience but also because including a precise lighting design plan will help the guest have a positive overall experience. Lighting designers need to relate ambient, task and accent lighting and have them work together to create that harmony and produce an overall functional and ambient setting. Guest Rooms –Guest rooms are extremely important and require more than just basic lighting. They need to be atmospheric whilst also serving a purpose, providing guests with enough light to go about their daily activities

without causing a hindrance. Unfortunately, it’s all too common that hotels have poor, inadequate lighting which can negatively impact the guest. The common features in a guest room include the bed area, workspace, storage area and of course the bathroom. When thinking about a guest room, you must take into account the needs of each guest. By installing lighting solutions with an intense colour temperature throughout the room without a dimming function can cause the hotel guest to strongly dislike a room, which could otherwise be appealing with a different colour temperature and a dimming functionality. On the other hand, providing poor lighting in the bathroom would obstruct the functionality of the room where task lighting is required. By installing lighting with dimming functions for the guestrooms, you are not only able to create the atmosphere you need and still allow for task lighting, but are ultimately allowing the guest to be in control which will suit individual needs when resting, reading and even watching TV. When designing the guestrooms, it is necessary to consider how lighting can affect sleeping patterns. To do this, one must

understand the concept of the circadian rhythm. Regular patterns of rest and activity are governed by each individual’s biological clock. This usually coincides with the 24 hour night and day cycle, whereby humans sleep when it’s dark and are generally more active during daylight hours. Any major changes in lighting can impact the normal patterns in the circadian rhythm and therefore the sleeping patterns and wake patterns in humans. With this in mind, lighting design needs to be tailored to suit each guest as each individual’s sleeping pattern differs. It is a well-established and proven train of thought that colour temperature can have a massive effect on an individual’s sleep. Lighting that emits a “blue” tinge, or an intense white light suppresses the melatonin production in the brain which deprives an individual of sleeping. Therefore, specifying an intense white or blue light is not sought after to create that relaxed and pleasant feel needed in the guestroom. Hotel Restaurant - When referring to the restaurant in the hotel, noting the style of the restaurant as well as the opening and closing times is vital. Versatile lighting is important and can be achieved with a dimming

●

LED lighting solutions ● Emergency and safety lighting ● General fixtures/luminaires

function. In most cases, restaurants in hotels are open during the evening and require a cosy, private setting. Certain aspects of the restaurant may need to be exaggerated i.e. the bar or wine stand, but one of the major challenges of hospitality lighting design is to create task lighting without affecting the style, theme and drama in the other sections of the restaurant. Task lighting is also essential when dealing with open kitchens as you need to be aware of how the lighting will affect the mood of the restaurant. Nowadays, hotels and restaurants pride themselves on their sense of style as it has direct effect on their branding which is another reason why lighting is so essential when designing a hotel. Technology - When comparing old technological lighting solutions to contemporary technology, it is expected that you will think that Incandescent and Halogen lamps have the best colour temperature. With all of their negatives, they do create a great warmth that in the past was unable to be recreated in the LED market. What’s now well known is that these halogen lamps and incandescent lamps are inefficient, using around three times more energy than

●

HID Lighting ● Commercial and retail lighting ● Control gear, starters and ballasts

LED lamps and are expected to burn out within the year – and that’s in a residential application. More recently manufacturers have been able to replicate the warmth of halogen and incandescent lamps in their LED lighting solutions. By replicating the colour temperature, hotels are able to create their ambient and mood lighting as well as saving up to 80% of their electricity bills. These dimmable, warm coloured lamps, can create a great setting with a colour temperature ranging between 2800K and 1800K, which imitates the exact colouring of a halogen lamp. Luckily, with the new technology that is provided to us, we are able to achieve the warmth of a halogen lamp with an LED solution. It ticks all the boxes, from cutting expenses in the long term to creating the desired vibe that supports the branding of the organisation and their ideas. In summary, task, accent, and ambient lighting may be hard to merge but with the technology made available today, it definitely makes it that much more achievable.

●

Lighting accessories lampholders, clips etc. ● Exterior Lighting Solutions

LRA stocks products from the highest quality suppliers that are lighting council approved & certified for Australian conditions. LRA provides the highest levels of service from fully trained & experienced staff. For any enquiries, please do not hesitate to contact us, or scan the QR code to visit our website and find out more. QUEENSLAND

VICTORIA

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WESTERN AUSTRALIA O’Connor (O8) 9314 4555 Osborne Park (O8) 92O1 9682

www.lampreplacements.com.au

Improved dimming performance with the warmth of halogen Megamanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s groundbreaking range of dim to warm products are perfect for a more relaxing atmosphere in residential buildings, hotels, restaurants and bars. This technological breakthrough improves the dimming performance to follow the exact dimming curve of a filament lamp and at the same time enables the LED lamps to emit a warmer light as they are dimmed. The colour temperature changes smoothly from a cool 2800K to a warm and cosy 1800K imitating the exact colour of a dimmed incandescent or halogen lamp. Dimmable from 100% to 10%

Energy saving of up to 80%

35,000 hours at L90

MORE ENERGY EFFICIENCY REGULATION PROPOSED FOR

LIGHTING PRODUCTS

BRYAN DOUGLAS I CEO, LIGHTING COUNCIL AUSTRALIA

Australian and New Zealand regulators have released a discussion document (‘Product Profile’) on the future regulation of incandescent, halogen and compact fluorescent lamps. The 68 page document contains a detailed analysis of these products in the Australian and New Zealand markets. Its release reaffirms the notion that governments view lighting products as low-hanging fruit when it comes to regulating the energy efficiency of electrical equipment. The document contains options for future regulation of these products – including an effective ban on the ubiquitous halogen lamp, and banning the remaining incandescent lamps in the Australian marketplace.

CURRENT REGULATIONS

ir tually all Australians would be aware that the common pear-shaped incandescent lamp (technically known as the GLS lamp) has been banned from sale for a number of years. Australia was the first developed country to implement the ban. The initiative when announced led to a large spike in the sale of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) as consumers in general embraced the measure as good for the environment. What may not be so well known is that a range of other lighting products are also regulated for energy efficiency. Australian standard AS 4934.2:2011 specifies requirements for minimum energy performance standards (MEPS), maximum wattage and other requirements for incandescent and halogen lamps with a range of common shapes and caps, which operate at extra low voltage or at mains voltage. It covers lamps supplied individually or as par t of a luminaire. Excluded from the scope are coloured lamps, automotive lamps and special purpose lamps (traffic signals, navigation lamps, oven lamps, infra-red lamps and ‘rough use’ lamps). Minimum requirements also apply to compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). MEPS for CFLs came into effect in Australia in November 2009, along with the sales restriction on GLS lamps. The regulations apply to CFLs with integrated means for controlling star ting and stable operation that are intended for domestic and similar general lighting purposes. The requirements apply to self-ballasted lamps of all voltages and wattages irrespective of the type of lamp cap, supplied as individual lamps or as par t of a luminaire.

CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR HALOGENS OVER CFLS At the time the Australian Government announced the phase-out of GLS lamps it was thought the measure would result in substantial energy savings. The Government estimated that phasing-out incandescent lamps in Australia would save four million tonnes of greenhouse gases a year, or the equivalent of taking one million cars off the road.

Subsequent developments suggest that the anticipated energy saving from the phase-out was too optimistic. What was not envisaged by regulators was consumer preference for energy hungry halogen lamps over CFLs. This is notwithstanding the spike in sales of CFLs when the phase-out was announced. A telling passage in the Product Profile reads: Despite CFLs (and LEDs) representing a superior economic choice, sales of halogen lamps have continued to be significant and a new range of MV [mains voltage] omnidirectional halogen lamps has emerged as an alternative to CFLs as tungsten filament lamps were phased out. While somewhat more efficient than incandescent lamps, the ongoing use of halogen lamps is a lost opportunity with respect to savings that could otherwise be made with a full transition to CFL and LED lamps.

ADVENT OF LEDS The widespread adoption of LEDs across most applications of lighting in recent times has provided regulators with another oppor tunity to regulate lighting products. LEDs are inherently more energy efficient than GLS lamps (currently up to five times more so) and are on a par in efficiency terms with fluorescent technology. The same grouping of regulators mentioned at the beginning of this ar ticle is expected to release an options paper covering LEDs in the first quarter of 2015.

OPTIONS FOR REGULATION Product Profile – Incandescent, Halogen and Compact Fluorescent Lamps lists a range of options including: • no action (business as usual) • increasing MEPS stringency • a complete transition to CFL/LED technology • endorsement labelling • influencing lighting design to reduce overall energy consumption • changing consumer behaviour through information campaigns

• grants and subsidies to encourage energy efficiency At the time of preparing this ar ticle regulators are in a consultation stage with stakeholders and there is no indication of which direction new regulation will take. However we can safely assume that ‘no action’ is not an option. Considerable resources have already gone into producing the Product Profile, and as indicated earlier governments continue to look for greater energy efficiency dividends from lighting. What is more likely are new regulations to increase the stringency of minimum energy performance standards. The Product Profile devotes considerable space to options for this measure. Lighting Council Australia is consulting closely with its lamp supplier members in responding to the Product Profile. Our intention (and this is also the stated intention of the regulators) is to only suppor t the phasing-out of a lamp technology when viable alternatives are available. Careful consideration is required in the context of the increasing availability, quality and affordability of LEDs.

R22 REFRIGERANT PHASE-OUT OPTIONS

BRYON PRICE I A.G. COOMBS GROUP

The importation of ozone depleting Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) will effectively cease in 2016. This includes the most common refrigerant, R22, widely used in residential and commercial air conditioning and refrigeration systems. The cost of R22 has increased significantly; it is now more expensive than the refrigerants used in new equipment, and cost and availability issues for gas and parts will continue to escalate.

his poses problems for owners and operators of R22 equipment; maintenance costs are increasing, repair times for critical plant will extend as the gas and parts become harder to source, and ultimately it will not be possible to support the operation of R22 plant because of the unavailability of refrigerant and replacement parts. Management options include the retention of R22 plant with improved maintenance, retrofitting the plant with a suitable

alternative refrigerant gas, or equipment replacement with modern technology. An important consideration when looking at options is the application of the system; is it performing a critical function? What are the implications of its failure and a subsequent delay to reinstatement? It is recommended that a simple audit of R22 equipment be conducted to identify the location, type, age, condition, size of refrigerant change and replacement cost, and what functional area the plant serves

and its importance. This will assist in the determination of the best management plan for the equipment. Ultimately, all plant will need to be replaced, or become redundant. Retain and Manage: For equipment in good condition, that is still suitable for its purpose, a retention plan including improved maintenance to reduce the risk of refrigerant leakage may be a viable short to midterm option. This option is, however, subject to the envisaged R22 gas and parts cost and supply issues, and the criticality of the systems purpose is an important consideration. Retrofit with an Alternative Refrigerant: Alternative refrigerants can, in suitable circumstances, be considered for R22 retrofits. Options include R438A, R427A, R407C and R407F. There are a number of technical and performance issues with retrofits and care is required in assessing the suitability of plant for retrofit; suitable technical expertise must be applied. â&#x20AC;˘ Retrofitting may result in a plant capacity reduction of up to 25%. This could compromise the ability of the system to fulfil its purpose. It may also have energy usage implications, with plant required to run longer and or harder than previously. â&#x20AC;˘ Replacements are blends of various components and behave differently to R22, which is a single component

refrigerant. Any leakage will occur at different rates for the components and this may impact the ability to top up refrigerant. • Retrofit refrigerants may not expand seal materials the way R22 does, and replacement of the various seals could be required to prevent leakage. Changes to lubricating oil, filters, driers, valves and other components may also be required. • Typically, no warranty will be offered on retrofitted plant, and parts availability for what was R22 plant will become an issue. • Hydrocarbon-based refrigerants are not recommended for retrofit purposes. The Flammable Refrigerants Safety Guide is available at www.airah.org.au.

• Improved equipment design and controllability can result in better system performance. • Existing plant is sometimes oversized for current requirements; new plant may be able to be smaller than its predecessor. • Improved reliability and extended warranties of up to five years are available. • Reduced maintenance and ownership costs, renewed asset value for depreciation.

phase-out. Increasing cost and availability issues are already here. Management plans should be developed for all R22 equipment addressing capital costs, maintenance and operational costs along with an assessment of risk to operations to determine the priority and timing of actions. *Bryon Price is Strategic Development Director of the A.G. Coombs Group and an experienced building services engineer. This article first appeared in the December 2014 edition of Facility Perspectives magazine

There are a number of options for managing the implications of R22 refrigerant

• Any activities associated with refrigerant gas must by law be carried out by qualified and licensed organisations and personnel (www.arctick.org). Replacement: When assessed on a lifecycle basis, the cost of new equipment can be comparable to the total cost of retaining and retrofitting plant with an alternative refrigerant and less than the potential cost and consequences of plant failure and delayed reinstatement problems. New refrigeration technology offers a number of benefits including: • Energy efficiency uplift and reductions in operating energy costs of between 15 – 45%, more in some circumstances.

MANUAL HANDLING ASSESSMENT HOTEL STORAGE AREA

SOUDI NOORI I DIRECTOR OF SAFETY AND RISK ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS BSC, MENGSCI,GRAD DIP OEH (MONASH) PROFESSIONAL MEMBER OF SAFETY INSTITUTE OF AUSTRALIA, RSP (AUST)

Manual handling is the biggest cause of injuries in Victorian workplaces.1

anual handling related injuries remain a fairly high and constant proportion of all injuries at work in Australia. Studies of Workers Compensation and injury statistics indicate that across all industries, Manual handling injuries accounted for 45% of the 30,000 injuries reported to WorkSafe Victoria. WorkSafe receives around 280 reports of injuries from manual order-picking alone each year. These cost around $11.5 million in treatment, rehabilitation and compensation costs. 2

Manual Handling covers a wide range of activities including lifting, pushing, pulling, holding, throwing and carrying. It includes repetitive tasks such as packing, typing, assembling, cleaning and sorting, using hand-tools, and operating machinery and equipment. The ways in which Manual Handling causes an injury are complex. Injuries often occur due to wear and tear, accumulated from frequent periods of Manual Handling activity that stress the body, such as repetitive work or heavy lifting. The effects of these injuries often become more disabling as workers become older.

It is safer, more productive and less costly to reduce the risk of Manual Handling injuries at the design stage.

(e) the layout of the workplace; and

HAZARDOUS MANUAL TASKS – LEGISLATION3

(g) the nature, size, weight or number of persons, animals or things involved in carrying out the hazardous manual task.”

A person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) must manage risks to health and safety relating to a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) associated with hazardous manual tasks.

Employees must take reasonable care to protect their own health and safety at work. All employees have a responsibility to:

More information on the management of musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace can be found in the Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011 (Section 60). The PCBU must decide what control measures to implement, and in doing so, must “take into account all relevant matters that may contribute to a musculoskeletal disorder, including: (a) postures, movements, forces and vibration relating to the hazardous manual task; and (b) the duration and frequency of the hazardous manual task; and (c) workplace environmental conditions that may affect the hazardous manual task or the worker performing it; and

(d) the design of the work area; and (f) the systems of work used; and

• participate in the risk assessment process; • using manual handling equipment properly; • following workplace policies and procedures (e.g. using trolleys, team lifting) • attending health and safety training; and • not taking any shortcuts that could increase the risks associated with manual handling. • comply with reasonable instruction and training; Victoria and Western Australia have different legislative provisions, but the requirement for assessment and control of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries is a shared one.

MANUAL HANDLING ASSESSMENT-HOTEL STORAGE AREA Manual Handling is an essential activity in most Hotels. Hazardous Manual Handling assessment can be carried out in many areas in the Hotel including office environments, kitchen, engineering workshops and store. Manual handling tasks can vary greatly and could include lifting or carrying boxes of food, vegetables, copy papers or files, transporting equipment around site, pushing a trolley into a kitchen or even using a keyboard. Some examples of hazardous tasks may include: • lifting a large numbers of boxes; • moving furniture and equipment • storing large containers (e.g. bulk chemicals); • typing whilst at an inadequately set up workstation (Ergonomics);

1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Hazardous manual handling means: • manual handling that involves any of the following: - repetitive or sustained application of force - repetitive or sustained awkward posture - repetitive or sustained movement - application of high force - exposure to sustained vibration • manual handling of live people or animals • manual handling of loads that are unstable, unbalanced • or difficult to hold Hazard Identification is the most important step in the HIRAC. If a hazard is not identified, its contribution to the risk cannot be estimated. Only those hazards that are identified are possible to be controlled.

• hanging art work and posters.

What is Hazard? “Hazard”: is the potential to cause harm to a person or to the natural environment.

To manage risk under the WHS Regulation 2011, a PCBU must:

Each hazard category should be identified by:

• identify hazards that could give rise to the risk

• using expert opinion

• eliminate the risk so far as is reasonably practicable • if not reasonably practicable to eliminate the risk, minimise the risk by implementing control • measures in accordance with the hierarchy of control • maintain the control measure so that it remains effective • review risk control measures (sections 34–38 WHS Regulation 2011). HIRAC Manual Handling Assessment was conducted in the store area at Hotel. The HIRAC procedure contains: • Hazard Identification • Risk Assessment and • Control of Risk In this paper the Manual Handling Assessment Charts (MAC)4 and Risk assessment format as used in the WorkSafe publication Manual Handling (Code of Practice No. 25, 2000) were used to assess the most common risk factors in lifting, carrying and handling operations.

• workplace inspections (Checklistsdevelop or tailoring) • review records of incidents in the workplace (accident data) • review any available information about the hazard (e.g. a law, regulation, Australian Standard, Industry Code of Practice or guidance material about the hazard) A list of tasks needs Manual Handling was prepared in consultation with staff. Several private meetings, discussions and filming of related tasks were conducted. Hazards Manual Handling tasks were identified via review of Injury records, consultation with staff and filming the tasks, which need lifting, carrying and handling. Section 2.1 shows the list of tasks in store needs lifting, carrying, bending, handling and preliminary analysis. During several days of observations and filming in the store area, the weight of each product handled as well as the handling frequency and bending time was noted. Example of tasks needs Lifting, Carrying, Bending and Handling

1. Unpack and relocate boxes in fridge and shelves 2. Delivery of empty boxes into the bin 3. Preparing and control the receipts of products 4. Delivery of light products to departments (around d 6 kg) 5. Collecting the barriers around loading bay 6. Dry goods (Tin food, printer papers, or boxed food) delivery from car to pallet– unloading by hand (Small truck) 7. Pulling full pallet of boxes to the storage area 8. Lifting and carrying boxes in store to provide more space 9. Dry goods (Tin food, printer papers, or boxed food) delivery from car to pallet– unloading by hand (Big Truck) 10. Dry goods (Tin food, printer papers, or boxed food) delivery from pallet to shelves–unloading by hand 11. Fruit and vegetable delivery from car to pallet –unloading by hand (small Truck) 12. Fruit and vegetable delivery from pallet to fridge–unloading by hand 13. Pulling box of milks using handle 14. Beverage delivery (Coke and Beer) delivery from car on the palletUnloading by pallet jack 15. Beverage delivery (Coke and Beer) delivery on the pallet to the lift to cool room 16. Pushing or pulling pallet jacked materials that are hard to move or to stop. 17. Lifting and carrying boxes inside the fridge to provide more space 18. Relocate pallets 19. Guest Goods (Soaps, tissues, etc) delivery from car to pallet–unloading by manual pallet jack ( approximately once a month) 20. Delivery of equipment like TV, tables on some occasions 21. Delivery of chemicals such as hydrochloric acid on some occasions

2. RISK ASSESSMENT Manual Handling Risk Assessment was conducted in the Hotel store area. Analysis began with observations and preliminary interviews to identify the sections that would be analysed in greater detail.

In this evaluation the Manual Handling Assessment Charts (MAC)5 (See Appendix A) and Risk assessment format as used in the WorkSafe publication Manual Handling (Code of Practice No. 25, 2000) were used to assess the most common risk factors in lifting, carrying and handling operations.

• Spending some time observing the task to ensure normal working procedures.

Risk assessment of each Manual Handling task includes the following factors:

• Taking into account the Product-related constraint

• nature of the object being handled; • actions and movements involved in the task;

• Consult during the assessment process. • Filming and taking picture the task • Considering individual and psychosocial Factors • Follow the appropriate assessment guide and flow chart to determine the level of risk for each risk factor. 2.1. Personal Factors

• range of weights handled;

Physical risk factors such as force, posture and repetition can be harmful to the body and can lead to people developing musculoskeletal disorders. However, research has shown that individual psychosocial and skill factors also need to be taken into account.

• availability of lifting and moving equipment; • force to be applied; • duration and frequency of the task; • time and distance over which the object is handled; • working posture imposed by the task;

All individuals are different and some people may be more likely to develop musculoskeletal problems. Some factors such skills, body size, health status and individual attitudes as may increase the risk of developing musculoskeletal problems.

• training and experience of the employee; • age of the employee doing the task; • work environment; • workplace layout and housekeeping; • analysis of relevant injury statistics; and • protective clothing and equipment required to do the task; Risk assessment was completed:

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The weight of an object is not necessarily the only thing that makes a task hazardous. There is no legislated weight limit that is considered “safe” for Manual Handling. Individuals have different physical capabilities, which must be considered when taking into account any Manual Handling task. The stocker is 30 years old, very happy person. His body size is medium with a height of around 170 cm. He has worked in the store area for around two years. He does not have any disability or special considerations. He is educated and enthusiastic to know more about Safe Manual Handling techniques. His individual attitudes show that he complies with Safe Work Method Statements or reporting of any symptoms. The stocker Work Shift starts at 7:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm at the afternoon. He works together with truck operators who bring him the goods to be placed throughout the shift. His work consists almost exclusively in getting, checking and handling materials to different areas for storage in cage area, cool room or fridges. Most often, the goods are placed on the shelves. Housekeeping materials such as soap, conditioner, tissues etc, in medium size boxes, are placed on pallet and managed by house keeping department. Everyday around 5 small trucks and two big trucks perform delivery to the store. The goods range consist of a variety of products such as meet, fruits, vegetables boxes of cans, office supplements, soap, etc. The average weight of products is around 2 to 15 kg.

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The goods handled are often boxed and stable. Manual materials handling activities are performed during an average of four hours of the work shift duration. During a shift, he performs an average of 20 handling operations and the total average cumulative weight is 500-1100 kg. Depending on the situation, he may decide to work manually or to use a pallet jack. The manual pallet jack and an old Crown are equipment’s used on average ten times during a work shift.

He often bends and twists to place boxes onto the fridge or shelves from pallets located at floor height. The height of material on the bottom of the pallet is typically only a few inches above the floor. (See sample pictures)

3. RISK CONTROL This assessment identified eight Manual Handling tasks that are hazardous and have resulted in Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD). 1. Bending the back more than 20 degrees, and repetitive lifting, more than twice per minute with long duration (more than 30 minutes continuously and More than 2 hours over the whole shift). 2. Food and veg boxes, weighing 5 – 10 kg each, were delivered onto pallets in the loading dock, pallet jacked to the corridor close to cool room and then manually unloaded (while the pallet is located on the ground) and placed on the shelves in the fridges. This involves twisting, bending (more than 20 degree) and lifting actions. 3. Removing boxes and containers from car and placing them on to the pallets, which involve repetitive lifting and bending with twisting. 4. Insufficient floor area in store due to overcrowding cause repetitive bending, twisting and lifting actions to relocate materials. 5. Palletising of different kind of products, which stored on pallets on the ground, involves bending and twisting when transferring product to racks, trolleys or to other pallets. 6. Opening and closing of “Goods Lift” door is often difficult. The doors are heavy and thick, so that the force required operating it. 7. Beverage boxes are often packaged in volumes that create a significant hazard due to their weight (>100kg). 8. Pushing or pulling pallet jacked materials that are hard to move or to stop Some of the Risk Controls are listed as below; • Fix non-smooth floor close to lift to make trolleys move easier

• to ensure they are implemented correctly and to monitor their effectiveness. • to revise, if necessary, whenever any changes are made to the workplace that could increase Manual Handling risks, such as changes to the way work is done or to the tools or equipment used. Or if: • a musculoskeletal disorder is reported • you become aware of any new information about any hazardous Manual Handling tasks in the workplace, or • a health and safety representative requests one. If you have any questions about managing your WHS obligations or Manual handling assessment please feel free to contact me on soudi.noori@sres-australia.com.au

EXAMPLE – TASK X Unpack and relocate boxes in fridge and shelves – Daily Bending time: 10 to 20 S Total boxes: 3 to 10 boxes Total time: 1.38 S per box Repetition: once or twice a day Load weight: 2-5 kg

EXAMPLE – TASK Y Dry goods (Tin food, printer papers, or boxed food) delivery from car to pallet–unloading by hand (Big Truck) – Daily Bending time: 2-4 S Total boxes: 5-10 boxes-pallets of Total time: 5 min Repetition: once Load weight: 2-7 kg

• Changing storage area design, So heavy material not deliver by lift • Elevate loads by placing pallets on platforms or palletisers to minimise bending to retrieve boxes • Provide training to employees on Manual Handling proper techniques. • Contact suppliers to send food items on small plastic pallets or trolleys to eliminate double-handling. • Install Dock leveller or Dock Lift • Contact supplier to send items with big truck on pallet • Change design of storage area, • Keep the store clean and organised all the time e.g. Provide designated areas for storage of material, pallets, trolleys... • Improve ordering control, product flow and resource management • Repair floor-Non-smooth floor close to lift make trolleys harder to move by increasing pushing forces. • Ramp floor close to cool room at B1 make trolleys harder to move by increasing pushing forces. • Maintenance of lift door • Consultation with lift company for any option It should be noted that “Risk Controls” must be reviewed regularly:

REFERENCES 1.WorkSafe Victoria, your health and safety guide to manual handling 2.WorkSafe Victoria 3. https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/W/WorkHSR11.pdf 4. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg383.pdf 5. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg383.pdf

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CAPITA L INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS

THE FUTURE OF

FM SOFTWARE

KRISTIANA GREENWOOD I DIRECTOR AT FM INNOVATIONS

It’s no secret that in Australia the average age of a Facilities Manager is 47. Whether this is good or bad, the reality is that a whole new generation of Facilities operators are starting to make themselves known. There’s no doubt that with the younger generation comes the expectation of smart technology and the FM software market is changing rapidly on our shores.

hink how fast technology has changed over the past 10 years – did you realise that the iPhone was only invented in 2007 and the iPad in 2010? At that pace of growth, it’s hardly surprising that expectations are getting higher when it comes to the smar ts within FM software. So where is it going and who is shaping the new FM software market? The last FM software survey done by the FMA in 2012 showed that an alarming number of facilities managers are still using spread sheets to manage very large asset por tfolios. These are not the influencers in the market and this way of managing a facility has to end as the rest of the market gets on board with new technology. The influencers are now coming from unexpected places. For example, the trend for building developers to become involved in the operational management of the buildings they build has had an influence in shaping FM software. In the past developers were only interested in completing an as-built asset and as such they weren’t focused on how it might run operationally over

the next 10 – 20 years. Today, canny developers will look at an end to end solution from design through to facilities management. As FM gains traction in Australia, the astute facilities manager is looking for innovative technology which will streamline their FM business as well as enhance stakeholder engagement. They are looking for smar t ways to gather the data because, as anyone in FM will attest to, data rules. Data provides the history, the records, the reasons and the answers. Mobile apps and sexy technology appeals to the crowds so the obvious step is to migrate FM functionality into mobile technology. Tenant engagement is also becoming more impor tant, especially in residential proper ties. The ability to offer social media to tenants through the same por tal as they raise their maintenance requests is not merely a pipedream. This method of engagement enables the facilities manager to survey stakeholders in real time, all the time.

So imagine that you now have stakeholder engagement and everyone is reporting maintenance issues simply and logically by using their mobile phones or their web por tal. Where is this data going? It is going into the cloud – literally. The new FM software platform must be the cloud. This is the future, there is no doubt. Some don’t like it, they are afraid of it, however the capability and capacity of cloud solutions far outweighs an inhouse implementation and it’s only getting better. There are other obvious benefits from implementing smar t FM solutions, such as productivity gains and analytical repor ting on real data sourced through ingenious means, but whether you are ready to change or not, the fact is that change is coming. FM Innovations is an Australian FM software development company dedicated to implementing smart ways to reshape the future of FM software and how we manage our facilities. The change is coming. www.fminnovations.com.au Phone: 03 9600 1646

THE PLACEBO EFFECT: ACHIEVING AC POWER SAVINGS USING PSYCHOLOGY:

JOHN CLIFFORD I MANAGING DIRECTOR OF AIRCON OFF

“WHY GUESTS ARE NOT REALLY AS HOT AS THEY THINK THEY ARE”.

e’ve all heard of the placebo effect. Most often referred to in medical terms, patients are given a placebo, or a treatment that will have no effect, in order to test the effectiveness of a new healthcare treatment. Around one third of patients who take placebos will experience an end to their symptoms. But have you ever heard of a placebo button? Working off the principal of the placebo effect, the placebo button is a technique that’s sometimes used in the HVAC industry to help better manage temperature control for large ducted systems. Basically, when you press a placebo button, the temperature will look like it’s going up or down, but it actually isn’t. And there’s a good chance that you’ll feel warmer or cooler, even though there’s been no actual change to the temperature.

and 10% physical, If you think you are too hot, then you most likely will be”. In addition to this, the reactions our body produces to being hot or cold (such as sweating or developing goosebumps), are actually our body’s way of helping to quickly regulate body temperature back to an ideal level when temperature in our environment changes, which is what happens when we walk into a room. People tend to blast the air conditioning when all they really needed to do was wait a couple of minutes for their body to adjust.

THE CASE FOR FAKE THERMOSTATS If our temperature is mostly in our mind, how can we use this technique to combat the misuse of heating and cooling in places like guest rooms? In 2014 Australian company Aircon Off built this technology into their AC remotes creating the worlds first Universal Smart Remote with a proper Placebo Effect.

HOW IT WORKS

HOT AND COLD IS MOSTLY IN YOUR MIND

The Placebo Effect makes the air conditioning operating range appear much wider than it really is.

Before you get upset about being tricked, it’s important to understand that feelings of hot and cold are mostly in your mind. According to respected HVACR engineer Joe Oliveri, “thermal comfort is 90% mental

As an example, during set up you can set and lock the minimum temperature for Cool to an economic but comfortable 22° and set the Placebo Effect to 5°.

The AC user will find that the remote will appear to allow temperatures as low as 17°,while the air conditioner is actually operating no lower than the more economical 22°. The Smart Remote with Placebo Effect gives the best of both worlds. Happy guests and good energy management. With the ideal heating and cooling temperatures being 22-24 degrees in summer and a couple of degrees less in winter, the effect of implementing a Smart Remote with built in Placebo Effect is to maintain economic comfort levels and facilitate large power savings without generating negative user feedback. About the author: John Clifford is the Managing Director of Aircon Off, developers of a range of products that help hotels, optimise air conditioning usage to eliminate wastage, save money and conserve energy. Find out how we can help your business become more energy efficient at www.airconoff.com.au.

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Right Air is now manufactured in Darwin, a tropical city, where mould is a hot topic! “Our products are made fresh to order, so they are ready to perform when you open the lid” says Geoff Barber, Managing Director of Right Air Australasia Pty Ltd. “We are continuing to see great results with our products this wet season too, one of our new clients recently said ‘they are not chasing mould around their buildings like previous years’’. Tea Tree oil, one of the active ingredients in Right Air, has been used for over a century as an antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammatory agent. Consistent use of Right Air products will present a superior air quality in your rooms for your clients with the added benefit of providing preventative maintenance on your equipment.

TESTIMONIAL Kim & Andrew Page are savvy operators of a 64 room motel, which this year will be more than doubled in size and transition to a hotel. Right Air Australasia Pty Ltd was engaged to provide a quarterly aircon hygiene service, which includes replenishing the Right Air Gel, spraying a Right Air Instant mixture into the evaporative coils and drain. “Right Air’s service is excellent and punctual, our air conditioners are now always clean and not running so hard, which means savings in power costs.” says Kim. “Our rooms also smell fresh everyday”. Previously Andrew had been carrying out a complete clean on their air conditioners every 6 months. Now with the Right Air program, they have premium air quality in their rooms everyday, not just after the air conditioner has been cleaned. For more information, contact Right Air on 1800 437 668 or visit www.rightair.com.au

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REGULATION UPDATE JUNE 2015

DISCHARGE FROM EXITS ESSENTIAL SAFETY MEASURES

UST -– Hotel engineers are reminded that the ‘discharge from exits’ are provisions in the Building Code of Australia to maintain a safe unobstructed path of travel from the ‘exit door’ of a building to a road or open space. Discharge from exits should always be nominated as an essential safety measure by the building surveyor/ building certifier. Building Code of Australia Discharge From Exits The Building Code of Australia (BCA) contains a number of provisions containing

DEREK HENDRY I HENDRY GROUP

clauses relative to ‘discharge from exits’ i.e. D1.7, D1.9 to D1.11, D2.13, G4.3, G4.6 and G4.7.The BCA requires the discharge from exits path (egress) to be at least 1m wide (must be wider under certain conditions), open to the sky for its full length, installed with bollards to prevent vehicles obstructing and its surface to be sufficient to accept foot traffic under a building permit. Some state authorities recommend building surveyors/ certifiers to nominate threemonthly inspections in their essential safety measures schedules/ determinations.This shows the importance of ensuring paths of travel from the discharge from exits point of a

    

 

Be Impressed

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building to a road or open space is vital in the protection of life safety. These inspections establish that no illegal works have taken place that can affect the discharge from exits safe evacuation, ensure fire safety compliance and that exits are not blocked, bollards are in place if required, no obstructions exist in the pathway to a road or open space and that the ground surface has no trips or fall hazards. Any non-compliant items should be listed in the essential safety measures logbook to allow for signing the Annual Statement, Annual Certificate of Compliance, Annual Fire Safety Statement, Annual Maintenance Statement and Annual Occupiers Statement.

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FIRE DAMPERS - ESSENTIAL SAFETY MEASURES AUST - The Hendry Group advises hotel engineers that Building Code of Australia in Part C3 Protection of Openings clause, C3.12 ‘Openings in floors and ceilings for services’ and C3.15 ‘Openings for service installations’ sets the parameters for when openings in floors and walls are to be protected and then specifies how these openings are to be protected. Fire dampers are designed to seal penetrations that are used for air movement from a fire resistant shaft or from one fire compartment to another. All fire dampers are nominated as an essential safety measure. Building Code of Australia - Fire Dampers Clause C3.15 (b) Ventilation and airconditioning requires fire dampers to be installed in accordance with AS/NZS 1668.1:1998 The use of ventilation and airconditioning in buildings - Fire and smoke control in multi-compartment buildings under a building permit. Fire dampers can either be fully mechanical or composite and constructed with intumescent material. When in contact with heat the intumescent material swells many times its original thickness to form a solid barrier to fire in the opening containing fire dampers. Essential Safety Measures Audit Fire Dampers A common problem for hotel engineers and essential safety measure auditors alike is locating fire dampers in a building. A lot of fire dampers are located in a building without adequate access panels for inspection purposes, and it is not uncommon for a lot of fire dampers not to be able to be inspected due to access problems. Maintenance routines are carried out under AS 1851-2005 ‘Maintenance of fire protection systems and equipment’. An essential safety measures auditor must be familiar with the various types of fire dampers installed in the building and be prepared to squeeze into some tight situations to ensure fire safety compliance. A building surveyor/ building certifier’s essential safety measures schedule/ determination will nominate the frequency of inspections required. Inspections that require rectification works on fire dampers must be recorded in the essential safety measures logbook to allow for signing the Annual Statement, Annual Certificate of

Compliance, Annual Fire Safety Statement, Annual Maintenance Statement and Annual Occupiers Statement.

and follow up with building owners to minimise future risks of collapse.

PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING REGULATIONS: BUILDING REGULATIONS

The circular reminds owners that awnings are part of the buildings to which they are attached and are the responsibility of the owner of the building, even when an awning is located over a public footpath.

VIC – HENDRY building surveyors remind building owners and hotel engineers that on 1 January 2010, the Public Health and Wellbeing Regulations 2009 (PHWR) came into effect. Included in the Public Health and Wellbeing Regulations 2009 were important changes concerning the regulation of cooling towers and warm water systems for the control of Legionella in Victoria. The Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008 (PHWA) was passed by the Victorian Parliament in 2008.The PHWA commenced on 1 January 2010 and superseded the Health Act 1958. A single set of regulations, the Public Health and Wellbeing Regulations 2009 (PHWR) came into effect on 1 January 2010 and replaced 10 sets of regulations. The Public Health and Wellbeing Regulations 2009 also includes some aspects that relate to the regulation and management of cooling tower systems as currently regulated via the Building Regulations 2001 (Legionella Risk Management) and the Building Regulations 2006.

Safety of awnings

The Roads Act 1993 clarifies in s.142(1) the responsibility for awnings over roads (including footpaths) by requiring that a person having a right to control the structure must maintain it in a satisfactory state of repair. To increase the level of consistency in the safety of awnings across the state, councils have been requested to implement a program to raise awareness of the need to monitor the safety of awnings as they age, both in their own organisations and with the owners of buildings in their areas with awnings over public lands. Components of a program to raise awareness of the safety of awnings include: • identifying owners of buildings with awnings over public lands (including councils) • notifying owners of their responsibility to keep awnings in good order in all conditions, including during storms • advising owners to seek legal advice about liability for failure or collapse of their awning

AWNINGS OVER PUBLIC LANDS: BUILDING REGULATIONS

• advising owners that awnings more than 10 years old are more susceptible to failure and should be inspected by a professional engineer for structural adequacy, and

NSW – HENDRY building certifiers advise of a Department of Planning & Infrastructure building regulations circular to raise awareness of the recurring potential safety issues related to awnings over public lands (e.g. footpaths, public protection) and to seek Council’s cooperation in taking action to communicate

• request owners to provide details of any inspections and works to council.

ABOUT THE HENDRY GROUP Derek Hendry is the COO of the HENDRY Group Pty Ltd, a multi-disciplinary consultancy whose services includes buildings surveying, disability access, essential safety measures , emergency planning and work health and safety. HENDRY pioneered the private certification system of building approvals in Australia and operates nationally in all facets of building control. HENDRY publish an e-newsletter entitled ‘Essential Matters’ and a suite of web and blog sites designed to assist property practitioners in understanding their regulatory obligations. Visit www.hendrygroup.com.au to locate more information relating to your property requirements.

BE ASSURED

YOUR AIR IS SEALED

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BACK OF HOUSE JUNE 2015

NEIL WEENINK

Air dammit….

do recall a teeny bit shed in which we shift engineers had to stay locked up for 20 minutes each month. During which, and this was the hard part, NH3 or Ammonia to the un-initiated, was perculated within. Gas masks were worn momentarily, a coloured filter canister attached to the mask, depending on the gas, and was removed when the whistle went, and we were let out following the 30 seconds or so of real-time NH3 exposure. There is nothing, believe me, anything quite like Ammonia to knock you off your feet. Ask grandmother; in her day it was sniffed as Sal ammoniac or smelling salts. This was in 1955 and you can rattle the old data banks to now In the vast ‘cold rooms’ where some 1m lambs were deep-frozen each 24 hrs, the

brine-piping network tracing for kilometres beneath hardwood ceilings. We in the engine rooms were hell-bent to get the temperature down with considerable speed, from lamb body heat to minus 12 or so at the closure of each 24 hrs. Heck of a thing. Giant Hall recip compressors and Haslum centrifugals moving NH3 around through shell and tube condensers out back. Oh what a story Mavis! A story behind refrigeration and air-conditioning in the hotel industry; and akin to this, the story about air. About air? Yes Mavis, air pure and simple, essentially containing Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon dioxide, Neon, Helium, Methane, Krypton, and Hydrogen; with you and me ranging on a good minute from 10 to 12 breaths of the stuff to keep us going. The great Willis Havilland Carrier invented modern air conditioning, [he called

his patent an “Apparatus for Treating Air”] The 1902 installation marked the birth of air conditioning because of the addition of humidity control, which led to the recognition by authorities in the field that air conditioning must perform four basic functions: 1.) Control temperature; 2.) Control humidity; 3.) Control air circulation and ventilation; 4.) Cleanse the air. Item 2 about humidity control was a stickler to we hotel shift engineers in the 1970’s, especially as we were given a hand held ‘sling psychrometer’ by which to measure it. At the end of each shift we religiously handed over the wretched instrument to the fellow coming on with words Carrier

may not have taken kindly to - should he still have been listening! I suspect this gadget has moved on like so many others, but though in assembly it was basic, being just 2 thermometers clamped to a wooden frame, one thermometer having a fine wick attached to the lower stem, which we had to keep moist, the frame had a handle on bearings which enabled the ‘Ginger Beer’ to sling the darned thing around and around for the prescribed 30 seconds or so. Thereby achieving the famed ‘wet and dry’ readings from the 2 thermometers. These were read against a scale chart and bingo! You had your humidity reading. I must say this is the first time I have actually written the specifics related to the wretched Sling Psychrometer and it does seem more complex than it really was, but there you are. The old Chief Engineer getting the word from the GM would

glance at the readings and proceed to [A] give thanks to one of his Engineers for keeping the air ‘sweet and dry’ or [B] kick us up the rear-end for getting him off side with the GM. By memory the outcome was aimed for 40 to 60% Humidity with Temp’s in the 23-25C range. None of us will forget George Bush [Senior] in the White House in the seventies [wearing woollens] proclaiming 80 F as the mean temp objective that was ‘scheduled’ for U.S citizens in the energy crisis. But I have got off track a smidgen. Towards humidity [dryness] control, the AHU coils had one coil for heating and one for cooling and you had the delicate instrumental setup to achieve the old Chief Engineer’s outcome. In my day the gear was pneumatically controlled, driving us crazy due to incessant failures in rubber tube connections to the invariably Honeywell

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control boxes [no Mavis, there were no chip activated gizmos then]. So it was not unusual to have the pneumatic tubes removed and fellows ‘doing a manual.’ That is, running the plant by instinct rather than air activated auto control. Of course you had to have a friendly cook who would provide a morsel or two; this with no mobile phones then. And so it went. The air coming in from the street, as it were, was transformed into the dry sweet stuff for respiration and for transport of heat and vapour emitted from the human body. We hotel engineers are in so many ways responsible for the quality of life of our colleagues, and with them all human life associated in our Industry. Hell of a thing! Neil

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SAFE WORK

AT HEIGHT RULES UPDATE

CARL SACHS I MANAGING DIRECTOR, WORKPLACE ACCESS & SAFETY

Hotels with roof anchors used for routine maintenance or high-rise window cleaning face a serious risk of falls, explains the newly revised workplace falls model code of practice.

afe Work Australia published a revision of the model Code of Practice, Managing the Risk of Falls at Workplaces (“Code”) in March. Chief among the changes to the code are fall distances for harness use along with safe access to the tops of ladders.

FALL DISTANCE FOR HARNESS USE EXPLAINED A worker wearing a harness attaches it to a shock absorber and lanyard system. During a fall, the shock absorber deploys and extends. This extended distance is added to the person’s height, lanyard length and a safety factor, which allows for harness stretch.

Under the revised code, a person who falls can be expected to travel 6.5 metres before their fall is arrested. Effectively, that eliminates single or double-storey buildings and typical warehouses. Those around 6 to 8 metres high do not provide enough fall clearance if there are obstacles below like canopies or pedestrian traffic. Using a technique of restraint, it is possible to use a harness-based system on a roof that is less than 6.5 metres from the ground safely but equally as easy to get it horribly wrong. Simply use the incorrect length lanyard on an anchor close to gutters, for example, and a system design intended to prevent any risk of fall can unravel in an instant – with fatal consequences.

PRACTICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND SOLUTIONS In fact, the Code points out that harnessbased systems should only be used if it is not practicable to provide a barrier such as a guardrail.

Under the revised code, a person who falls can travel 6.5 metres before their fall is arrested.

In many cases, guardrail is the most practicable and commercial solution for access to hotel rooftops. Consider the lifetime costing of equipment and all of the administrative, inspection, maintenance and training requirements for anchor and static line based systems.

The code makes 34 references to rescuing people in harnesses and dedicates an entire section to suspension intolerance, highlighting the importance of having a second person on site and trained to implement a site-specific rescue plan, equipped with the right equipment. Also known as toxic shock and suspension trauma, the risk of death is real, explain Dr Bill Wheems and Dr Phillip Bishop of the University of Alabama in “Will Your Safety Harness Kill You? “Harnesses can become deadly whenever a worker is suspended for durations over five minutes in an upright posture, with the legs relaxed straight beneath,” the paper said. Using higher-order controls like platforms, catwalks and guardrailing satisfies the legally powerful hierarchy of controls. Importantly, such passive height safety equipment reaps cost savings with lower lifetime costs, reduced administration and ready access for maintenance without the need for specialised height safety skills.

AT THE TOP OF THE LADDER Ladders are used extensively on hotels for maintenance access, and are affected by the revised Code, which says they should be installed to meet the requirements of AS1657. The most recent update to AS1657 considers ergonomics and how people use ladders. The entry gate to an inclined fixed rung ladder fitted with a cage, for example, is

Buildings around 6 to 8 metres high do not provide enough fall clearance if there are obstacles below like trucks or canopies.

now located away from the ladder. This means workers do not have to stand on the ladder while opening the gate. The Code specifies a landing space where workers can orient themselves before releasing their three points of attachment. Exploratory research by prominent ergonomist Professor David Caple found the transition between rung ladders and a landing deserves special attention. In the unpublished 2013 study, two types of extended stiles were installed on vertical ladders. One had circular “D” handrails that extended on to the landing and the other simply had vertical extended stiles. When subjects climbed from the landing back down to the ladder, they felt behind them for the vertical upstands and had to contort their arms to gain a hand-hold. The

circular rungs allowed them to achieve a grip before climbing back out to the ladder and to maintain the handhold all the way until they were comfortable and secure.

“Their centre of gravity was behind their hand position and they were looking down through their feet to try to see the top rung of the ladder.”

This was the highest point in the ladder, so a fall from a height of 3 metres from the person’s feet would almost certainly result in a death or permanent disability.

Professor Caple recommended the stiles extend over the landing so users can stabilise their posture with their hands while they find the top rung with their feet. This is achieved with D-shaped handrails.

Professor Caple’s report concluded that, “There were evident potential fall risks occurring as they (ladder users) were trying to transition from the top rung of the ladder on and off the landing. “ “In particular, when they were transitioning off the landing on to the top rung, it was difficult for them to position their foot onto the rung whilst maintaining three points of contact with their hands on the styles and their other foot still on the landing.

A better approach still is to use stairways or step ladder, as recommended in the new AS1657. The standard’s hierarchical approach steers readers to safer options like stairways and step-type ladder arrangements because users can maintain an upright posture while climbing up and down. This shifts the effort from the upper to the lower body, which results in less fatigue and a lower risk of falling.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Carl Sachs is managing director of fall prevention market leader,Workplace Access & Safety. He is the Technical Chair of working at height peak industry body, the Working at Height Association (WAHA) and an AIHE member. A member of the Standards Australia committee for AS/NZS1891 (Fall arrests systems and devices), AS/NZS5532 (Anchor points) and, AS1657, Mr Sachs was involved in the drafting of the recently released standards.

Gates at the top of an inclined ladder with a cage should be paired with a landing.

HOW THE CODE AND STANDARDS FIT TOGETHER The Code offers practical guidance to reduce or eliminate the risk of falls. Workplaces that adopt the code methodology are deemed to have met their requirements under the regulations. Australian Standards AS/NZS1891 (anchors and static lines) and AS1657 (Ladders, platforms, walkways, guardrailing) are referenced in the Code. Deviating from them would need to be justified if an incident was examined in court. Document reasons for any deviation in a risk assessment, reviewing the likelihood and consequence of a fall, comparing the cost of safe and compliant control measures versus the cost of injury. Standards are undated in codes of practice, ensuring that revisions to standards are always referenced. This is particularly relevant to AS1657, which was revised in 2013 and AS/NZS5532 (Anchors), which was published as an addition to AS/NZS1891 dealing with testing of anchorage points.

CODE IS THE KEY TO PRACTICAL SAFETY AND COMPLIANCE The model Code of Practice, Managing the Risk of Falls at Workplaces, together with the Australian Standards it references, is a neat package. Together, they spell out sensible height safety rules that make it clear how workplaces can increase the safety of workers at the lowest possible cost while minimising legal liability. It’s essential reading for any hotel engineer with a roof that needs maintenance, especially if it’s less than 6.5 metres off the ground or is accessed via rung ladders.

Workplace Access & Safety has a NATAaccredited laboratory and four factories around Australia, providing complete service from fabrication through to installation and commissioning of anchors, guardrailing, static lines, platforms other access equipment to government, public and privately-owned companies nationally. Workplace Access & Safety fabricates a fold-down guardrail system, which meets the based compliance requirements for level 2 systems, yet preserves building aesthetics. Mr Sachs’ business is independently accredited by NATA for the testing of AS1657 equipment and AS/NZS 5532 safety anchors.Workplace Access & Safety manufactures and distributes the Defender brand of equipment, which includes ladders, staircases, specialised cooling tower platforms, suspended internal walkways, guard-railing and safety anchors. Defender products are the first to achieve AS1657:2013 and AS/ NZS 5532 compliance under SAI Globals StandardsMark and the ABCB’s CodeMark schemes. Mr Sachs is a registered and licensed commercial builder in all Australian states, providing government and corporate clients with a holistic approach to fall prevention from consultation all the way to construction and installation. Carl can be contacted at carls@workplaceaccess.com. au or 1300 552 984.

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HIRONDELLE HYDROTHERAPY POOL – PART 2 DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS IN INDOOR HYDROTHERAPY POOLS – The Known and the Unknown ALAN LEWIS I AQUAZURE

(Part 1 appeared in the last issue of Hotel Engineer Volume 20 No 1, though the study is on a recent hospital installation, this applies to any indoor pool including hotels.).

n 2007 Christian Zwiener (et al) published an article entitled “Drowning in Disinfection By Products? Assessing Swimming Pool Water”. The outstanding feature of this article was the wake up call, that emphasised the fact that it is time to pay more attention to Disinfection By products of which only a small fraction are actually dealt with under our current practices and concepts. This was a collective effort between German scientists (Karlruhe University); USA EPA researchers (Georgia and North Carolina) and The German Federal EPA (Bad Elster) This was a rather formidable collection of scientists with a broad brush outlook at what really happens in pools when bathers neglect to shower before entering the pool – or remove cosmetics; sunscreens, and the natural organics which accumulate on our skin. This led to further studies of Inorganic chloramines (Mono, Di and Tri Chloramines); Trihalomethanes (THMs); Halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) and Haloketones – which irritate the eyes, the skin and the mucous membranes. The most well recognised of these are the smelly Trichloramines, linked to asthma; while yet other by products that are regulated for our drinking water – need further research because of their potential carcinogenicity or genotoxicity, particularly when found excessively present in the blood and/or breath of swimmers. Since in Australia we have no national research institutes devoted to these topics, we must rely on what researchers in the USA and Europe – and lately in some Asian countries. The latest outcry has been that we have not been focussing enough on the organic by-products due to the presence of urea in our sweat glands and

our urine. So much so, that leading competitive swimming trainers in the USA have been encouraging their charges to urinate in the pool – rather than interrupt their training – or when they are in a racing event. So now we need to step back and have yet another look at what happens when chlorine reacts with the organic urea and how to minimise the by-products that develop in addition to the commonly measured inorganic chloramines. These require an in-depth look at the chemical paths that develop from continuing large bather loads and continual chlorine feed that these necessitate. That is why at the recent World Aquatic Health Conference (2013) in Indianapolis Ernest (Chip) R. Blatchley III (Professor of Environmental and Ecological Engineering at Pursue University) presented a paper entitled “Urine and Pool Water: Water and Air Quality”. In this presentation it turns out that in heavily loaded indoor swimming pools the contribution to DBPs (disinfection by products) by Urea, is usually similar (quantitatively) to that of the commonly recognised chlorinated amino acids or ammonias which create the inorganic chloramines: the Mono, Di and Tri Chloramines. The first thing to look at is just how much Urine is actually introduced by swimmers. Blatchley and his collaborators were fortunate to be able, in 2011, to sample water over a period when there were 600 bathers per day in the University pool at a Women’s National Swimming Competition between the dates 17 March 2010 and 21 March 2010. This enabled them over that period to take samples at regular intervals and analyse the chemical paths of the DBPs as they evolved – as opposed to the laboratory analogues that had been prolific in the past.

Prior to and during the competition the pool was fed with increasing amounts of Calcium Hypochlorite (Granular chlorine) – the peak being on 19th March when 14 Kgs of Cal. Hypo. was fed. During that same period there was a clear indication of an increase in two more DBPs which increased with the added Cal. Hypo. significantly – these were: Dichloro-methylamine (CH3NCL2) and Dichloro-acetonotrile (CNCHCL2). So clearly the increase in the dosing of the chlorine – due to the increase in the concentration of swimmers in the pool had brought about the additional unwanted organic DBPs which complicate the analysis because they cannot be tested with the photometer, and in this case, were discovered through the use of Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) in the Uni Laboratory. Now it has been known for at least a decade or two that the DPD tests for inorganic chloramines are inaccurate and in fact are actually measuring both the organic and the inorganic DBPs.This is why Professor Blatchley used MIMS for the testing of the organic DBPs and was able to differentiate accurately between the two types of by – products. This is also why I regularly advocate that – in sensitive pools such as Hydrotherapy pools and Swim schools – tests should include the DPD2 test rather than the DPD3 test, whereby the monochloramines are a more the important and more accurate byproduct that can be identified – rather than the DPD3 test which measures all of the inorganic and the organic chloramines together. The product which most affects swimmers adversely is Nitrogen Trichloride (NCl3).This is readily created from both the ammonias

as well as from the organic Urea. In the case of the inorganic chloramines NCl3 develops slowly over several days, while in the case of Urea the reaction with chlorine can directly produce NCl3 – also slowly. In fact the well known reactions of the development of inorganic chloramines are reversible.

BODY AMMONIAS: Hypochlorous Acid + Ammonia <==> Monochloramine + water HOCl + NH3 <==> NH2Cl + H2O HOCl + NH2Cl <==> NHCL2 (Dichloramine) + H2O HOCl + NHCl2 <==> NCL3 (Trichloramine) + H2O While Chlorination of the organic UREA also leads to NCl3: UREA + Molecular Chlorine <==> Monochloro-urea + Chlorine ion NH2CONH2 + Cl2 <==> NH2CONHCl + CLHOCl + NH2CONHCl <==> NHClCOCNHCl (Dichloro-urea) + H2O HOCl + NCL2CONCL2 <==> H+ + CL- + NCL3 + NCl As yet, it is still difficult to ascertain which are the conditions in which the reactions proceed to the right or to the left. This leaves us with the dilemma of which of the secondary disinfection processes are more effective: UV; Fresh Water Electrolysis; Ozone: – or the new hydro-mechanical solution of the Chloramine Stripper which is used in the Hirondelle solution. Lately Advanced oxidation processes

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have been tried in various combinations, and the USA and some Europeans prefer UV while other Europeans prefer Ozone. Since much of the research has been solely in the laboratory – we need to look to more research of what actually happens in pools. Hopefully our Universities will also see fit to focus on these issues. Typical daily concentrations of Sweat and Urine with 600 bathers in a pool of 487,000 litres (in the Purdue study) were measured and found to be: Sweat (mg/l)

Urine (mg/l)

Tot concentration/ day

Urea

474.86

16512.53

0.7943

Ammonia

54.50

566.17

0.298

Creatinine

4.66

1170.67

0.0544

Lactic Acid

611.02

36.80

0.0422

*UREA (NH4 CONH2); Ammonia (NH3); Creatinine (C4N3H7O); Lactic Acid (C3H6O3) plus many other more minor by-products. NOTE:That there is lots of Nitrogen involved here, which readily allows for the development of NCl3. *The bather load equivalent in the Hirondelle Pool would be roughly 1/10th of these results namely 60 – 80 Bathers in one day; and the residuals above would also be 1/10 – assuming that the bathers are exercising while in the pool. It is difficult to compare the two totally different situations.

HOW MUCH SWEAT OR URINE IS ACTUALLY INTRODUCED BY SWIMMERS? Here the assumption is that Urine is introduced voluntarily while Sweat is involuntary.This study was done buy WHO in 2006 using a Mass-Balance model to estimate the input based on 150 swimmers/ day; where the samples were taken from the top (500mm) layer of the pool only; and where there is an assumption of negligible Urea decay: #Urea concentration in human body fluids (WHO 2006): Sweat: 0.68 grm/l

Urine: 10.24 grm/l

#Body fluid inputs: Sweat: 823 – 2769 ml/bather

Urine: 54.7 ml/bather

#Yet another researcher (Erdinger etal. (1997) found the following: Urea: 30 – 35 ml/swimmer Potassium: 60 – 77.5 ml/swimmer #In 2010 Blatchley and Cheng showed the following formation of Inorganic chloramines from Ureas over a period of 5 hours” (Environmental Science and Technology 44,82529-8534.

The economics of providing showers in public pools in Australia is quite controversial. Most Hospitals today have en-suites – so that patients can shower in their rooms prior to proceeding to the in house Hydrotherapy pool. However should the Hospital see fit to lease out their pool to external therapists; swim schools, or aquarobic groups, then adequate showers are still needed. The absurdity is, that most Australian bathers tend to use the shower to rid themselves of the “Eau De Chlorine” that persists even after the shower – rather than shower immediately before entering the pool to remove the body ammonias and thus reduce by 75 – 85% the initial monochloramines that are rapidly created in the first moments of their immersion in the pools. This type of body hygiene is totally accepted in Europe – but not in Australia or the USA for the most part. This makes it hard to accept that a lot of water (needed for dilution of the chloramines and the TDS in the water) and a lot of chemical can be saved if bathers get used to showering BEFORE they bathe. Then there would be no need to shower after the swim – because the NCll3 would not develop so readily, and less Ozone or UV would be needed to breakdown the unwanted DBPs. We can only hope that this lesson will be learnt over time and with consistent pressure from the pool managers to encourage better, healthier pool water.

Don’t let your guests have the holiday from hell because of the pool!!

Visitors to your hotel come to relax and enjoy the facilities, not feel like they’re risking their health in the pool. We ensure that your pools and spas are healthy and sparkling and comply with legislation to fulfill your duty of care. Our services include: • Professional problem solving and advice • Same day response and breakdown service • Service all year round, with options to suit your requirements • Reductions in pool operating cost with energy saving equipment • System improvements and water chemistry efficiencies Starting with a complementary on-site visual inspection, Poolwerx will then tailor a solution, keeping your current resources and budget in mind.

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WAve 100

Pools Up to 25 metres

WAve 75

Pools Up to 20 metres

SWIMMING POOL SAFETY

LYN WICKS I POOLWERX

Never before have we experienced immediate scrutiny of our services and facilities. With social media sites such as Trip Advisor, Facebook and Twitter your guests are telling everyone and anyone who will listen about their experience, both good and bad!

WHAT ARE YOUR GUEST’S EXPERIENCES?

wimming pool safety for your facilities pools or spas is an ongoing process that must be carried out on a daily basis. Swimming pools and spa pools are very complex systems that comprises of many mechanical components and water that must be maintained. Hotel pools and spa pools are deemed PUBLIC pools in every state and territory in Australia. Each state Health Depar tment requires the pool water quality is maintained. Additionally the barriers around pools and spa pools are also a legislative requirement.

WHAT IS A PUBLIC POOL? A public pool is a swimming pool or spa pool where the general public is admitted either for a fee or free of charge and includes pools associated with hotels/ motels and accommodation facilities.

DO ALL POOLS AND SPA POOLS HAVE THE SAME RISK? There are different risk categories (or classes) of pools and spa pools, meaning that different water management plans are needed to remain compliant. The assessment to determine the risk category is based on the use of the pool and spa pool including numbers and age of bathers, types of chemical dosing equipment, filtration and water turnover.

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES THAT REGULATE SWIMMING POOL SAFETY! There are several government public regulatory agencies that are involved with implementing strict regulations and guidelines that ensure the health and safety of swimming pool and spa pool users. These agencies are as follows: • Each Australian State/Territory Department of Health, whose job is to protect the human health and promote health through controlling and preventing disease. • The Work Health and Safety. The job of these guys is to save lives, prevent injuries and protect the health of our workers. • The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC). Their job is to protect the public from risk of serious injuries or deaths. Most of these deaths are directly related

to over 15,000 types of products that come directly under their control. • Australian Dangerous Goods Code (ADG Code). This depar tment regulates the transpor tation of all hazardous materials that pose a threat to the safety of the public or to our environment during transpor tation, storage and segregation, handling, placarding, transfer and disposal. • Australian Standards. Standards may be applied by governments to provide a solution to a problem and often called up into legislation by government and become mandatory. • Local Law. This department ensures that pools in their local municipal have a permit to operate with details such as use and specifics of the management of the pool. In some states it is mandatory that public pools and spa pools be managed by a qualified pool and spa technician. • Western Australia Depar tment of Health Code of Practice for the Design, Construction, Operation, Management & Maintenance of Aquatic Facilities July 2011. • New South Wales The Public Health Act, 2010/Public Health Regulation 2012/Public Swimming Pool and Spa Pool Advisory Document • Queensland Health Swimming Pool and Spa Pool Water Quality and Operational Guidelines 2004 • Victoria Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008/Public Health and Wellbeing Regulations/Pool Operators Handbook

Area

Risk

Regulation

Pool Gates and Fences

Immersion; Drowning

State & Local Laws: Building Codes AS1926: AS2818: RTA

Unhealthy Pool Water

Diseases; Infections; Testing

Code of Practice: State Public Health Act: State Public Health Guidelines: GSPO: AS3633: WHS Act; RTA: AS2610: AS3979

Dangerous Chemicals

Delivery; Storage; Handling; Use; Disposal; Transportation

WHS Act: OH&S Act: DGSM Act: WorkCover; AS3780; AS4326: AS4332

Signage

CPR; Depth Markers; Advisory

State Laws; National Aquatic and Recreational Signage: AS2342

Plant & Equipment

Dosing; Entrapment; Maintenance; Noise; Electrical: Apparatus

State Laws: ACCC: DECCW: Electrical Safety Act: AS1926.3: AS2569

• South Australia South Australian Health Commission Code for the Inspection, Maintenance and Operation of Swimming Pools and Spa Pools 2013 • Northern Territory Depar tment of Health Aquatic Facilities Fact Sheets • Tasmania Depar tment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)Public Health Act 1997 Recreational Water Quality Guidelines 2007 • New Zealand Recreation Association Aquatic Facilities Guidelines 2015 Contrary to popular belief, chlorine does not kill all germs instantly. There are germs today that are very tolerant to chlorine and were not known to cause human disease until recently. Once these germs get in the pool, it can take anywhere from minutes to days for chlorine to kill them. A recent breakthrough has been made with a new product now available for treating bacteria. It is 32 times more efficient in attacking Crypto with a CT value of only 70 minutes at 1ppm as opposed to 20 ppm of chlorine for 12.75 hours. With minimal pool closure time, no offensive chemical smell and an immediate response to suspected bacterial issues, there’s nothing holding your business back! For more information contact your local Poolwerx on 1800 009 000 or via www.poolwerx.com.au.

Commercial Pool On Site Checklist



MEMBERSHIP FORM PLEASE CHOOSE THE STATE: NSW 

QLD 

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I WISH TO APPLY FOR: Renewal of my Membership 

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I WISH TO BECOME A NEW MEMBER VIA: (a) Fellow – a member of at least 10 years standing who has made an outstanding contribution to the advancement of hotel engineering (as determined by the management committee) or this association may be advanced by the management committee to the grade of Fellow. This membership class is a life membership of the institute. (b) Honorary Fellow – any person who has rendered conspicuous service to the hotel industry (as determined by the management committee), or any person prominently connected with but not necessarily in the hotel industry who may be approved by the management committee, shall be eligible as an Honorary Fellow. This membership class is a life membership of the institute. (c) Member – a person shall be eligible as a Member if the applicant holds a certificate, degree or diploma or such other qualification in engineering approved by the management committee, and has at least 5 years experience in a head of engineering position and shall be directly engaged in hotel engineering. (d) Associate Member – a person shall be eligible as an Associate Member if the applicant holds a qualification in engineering approved by the management committee and is directly engaged in hotel engineering and his/her qualifications and/or experience do not in the opinion of the management committee entitle him/her to admission as a Member. (e) Student Member – a person who is attending an appropriate course of instruction at an Institution approved by the management committee shall be eligible as a Student Member (f) Affiliate Member – shall be a person of 21 or more of age who is associated with the Hotel Industry and whose, qualification or experience do not in the opinion of Council entitle them to admission as a Member or Associate member. (f) Corporate Member – entitles applicants endorsed by the Council to be eligible for Corporate Membership, which will carry those rights and entitlements of an Affiliate Members, with a maximum of (5) members of the corporation being eligible to attend monthly meetings. In addition, this membership will entitle the Corporation to receive all specialised material sourced and published by the Institute for overall benefit of the Hotel Industry. All applicants’ membership classification shall be determined by Council in accordance with the above guidelines.

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FEES: Membership/Associate Membership:

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MAIL COMPLETED FORMS TO: NSW Chapter: The Secretary, AIHE NSW Chapter, PO Box H263, Australia Square NSW 1215 QLD Chapter: The Secretary, AIHE QLD Chapter, PO Box 5118, Gold Coast Mail Centre 9726 VIC Chapter: The Secretary, AIHE VIC Chapter, PO Box 2136, Caulfield Junction VIC 3161 WA Chapter: The Secretary, AIHE WA Chapter, PO Box 6191, East Perth WA 6892 Your membership application will be processed, which includes the following:: o Certificate of membership

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* Note: Allow up to four weeks for processing.

I have read, understood and agreed to conform to the Institute’s Code of Ethics as set out, conditional upon acceptance of my application for membership. Note: your membership includes receiving ‘Hotel Engineer’ quarterly. As the AIHE is a non-profit organisation, GST is not applicable. Signed: Date:

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CASE STUDY

RISK REDUCTION THROUGH HOTSPOT IDENTIFICATION UTILISING INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING THERMOSCAN

hermal imaging is a risk reduction technique offered by Thermoscan, to assist in evaluating the operating status of a building, with electrical services being one area where hazard reduction through thermal imaging is a most successful approach. The technique allows for the identification of hotspots and potential risks of fire or equipment breakdown in electrical and mechanical equipment through the use of thermal imaging cameras operated by trained technicians. Unchecked, unidentified equipment faults can lead to equipment failure, loss of electricity supply or electrical fire. Faults identified during a thermal inspection can be assessed and repaired in a controlled and scheduled manner, instead of waiting for a failure which may occur at an inconvenient time and result in greater equipment damage and downtime. Thermal imaging allows the identification of abnormalities that would not normally

be identifiable by sight, thus allowing a maintenance or preventative action strategy to be put in place. Because it is a non-contact inspection the Health and Safety benefits are many, and the inspection can usually be performed in a much shorter time than old fashioned handson inspections of components. Thermal inspections are performed without the need to disconnect or isolate any equipment, thus ensuring continued operations of the facility are maintained during any inspection. Inspections can be scheduled day or night, depending on facility requirements. Established in 1980, Thermoscan have approximately 10 licenced electricians specialising in Infrared Thermography. All Thermoscan technicians are required to complete Thermographer Certification to Level 1 or Level 2, thus ensuring a level of competence and knowledge. They conduct business across Australasia, including Fiji, with

in excess of 8000 inspections conducted annually. Their technicians are based in SE QLD, as well as VIC and NSW, and travel to destinations all around the region at least twice a year for ongoing inspections. Thermoscan is an independent operator, not affiliated with any repair provider. You can be assured that all observations and recommendations will be totally unbiased and are not based on trying to drum up possibly unnecessary repair works. Our team of industry qualified experienced electricians and thermographers responds quickly and provides accurate scan reports for most thermal imaging applications. Thermal Image reports are normally supplied to clients within 24 hours of completion of an inspection. Serious thermal anomalies are reported to site personnel immediately so that the necessary risk assessment and repairs may be commenced without delay. Thermoscan operates within systems certified to ISO 9001:2008 & AS/NZS 4801-2001, assuring clients that Quality and Safety are priorities. Over the many years that Thermoscan has been performing Thermal Imaging inspections we have observed that the most common faults encountered are those that are not visible to the eye. The root causes of these faults may include high resistance connections, circuit overloading, unbalanced loads, incorrectly rated components, broken or cracked conductors, incorrectly fitted components, and more. The end result of these issues is that the electrical components suffer from heating and premature failure. Regular Thermal Imaging inspection can locate these faults at an early stage, before damage becomes substantial, and when the risk of catastrophic failure is reduced. The longer a fault is allowed to

CASE STUDY

continue, the worse the damage usually becomes, and the rate of deterioration of the fault may increase exponentially as damaged areas become less able to carry the electrical load. The end result in some cases is a rapid deterioration to the point of component failure, flashover, explosion or fire.

Case 1: The Thermal image shows a large Isolator which has developed a very serious fault, resulting in excessive heating of the centre busbar.

Case 2: The Thermal image below illustrates a common Thermal problem that is not visible to the eye.

We can see that it has reached a temperature around 319degC at this stage. The digital visual image (top right), shows the extent of burning of insulation and discolouration of the copper busbars. The damage within the Isolator is not visible but is likely to be similar, as temperatures within the Isolator will be higher. This particular Isolator had been inspected on three previous occasions, and each time was found to be seriously overheated and in need of maintenance action. These recommendations were ignored until it reached this level of damage, which has now resulted in much more repair work being required to return the Isolator to service. Early intervention would have reduced the level of damage, and the very high risk of failure, explosion, and fire. Given that this Isolator is rated at several hundred Amps, and was being continuously overloaded, the potential for damage is very high.

The central supply fuse opposite has a problem that is resulting in heating, with no apparent damage visible at this stage. Identification of the Thermal anomaly at this stage has allowed the problem to be addressed in a scheduled and controlled fashion before it progresses to failure. Since this is the building’s incoming mains supply it is important that repairs are carried out in a fashion that limits downtime. Should the fault have progressed to the inevitable failure, downtime would be sudden, and probably longer.

The requirements of an effective Thermal Imaging inspection program are as follows: • Access to switchboards, distribution boards, and other electrical or mechanical equipment at times of normal load conditions. This ensures the highest probability of faulty components being identified. Thermal Imaging done under low or light load conditions may not indicate a fault that may only become apparent at higher loads. • A good quality Thermal Imaging camera, capable of recording Infrared and digital visible images so that analysis and identification of faults is positive so that repairs can be carried out with minimum delay. All Thermoscan technicians are equipped with Flir cameras that meet these requirements. • An experienced and trained operator who understands the equipment he is using, the equipment being inspected, and the types of potential faults that may be encountered. Positive identification of real faults is critical so that false alarms are not given to items that are not faulty. Suspected faults must be imaged and carefully analysed to determine the level of severity and recommended repair options identified. Thermoscan technicians are all licensed electrical tradesmen with a working knowledge of the various types of equipment encountered in switchboards and machinery in plant rooms.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, Thermal Imaging is a powerful non-invasive method of assisting equipment owners to identify potential problems before they become serious and have the potential to cause severe damage. It has the ability to locate faults early in the deterioration phase, which allows equipment owners to develop a repair strategy that will minimise disruption to services and unwanted downtime. When conducted regularly it will assist in reducing equipment failure.

• A suitable inspection frequency. A Risk Assessment which considers the types of equipment, past history of failures, criticality, and site-specific risks, will identify a suitable inspection frequency. A six monthly interval is common in many industries. The following are some brief Case Histories that illustrate some common faults.

Warning!

not all Thermal imaging Companies are The Same, So Here are Three Questions You Should ask Before Choosing a Thermal imaging Company To Protect Your Business assets. 1. Does your thermographer

use technicians who are fully licensed electricians as well as fully qualified thermographers?

businesses that provide thermal imaging services, we don’t make money by inventing faults and then charging you to fix them.

Can your thermographer Anyone can buy a thermal imaging guarantee a free quote in 24 camera and call themselves a hours, and provide you with a thermographer. However, only comprehensive report within qualified thermographers who 24 hours of completing your have studied thermography really inspection? know how to correctly record and interpret thermal images, and only licensed electricians can access all areas of your electrical switchboards. So the only way to get accurate thermography reports is to use a company like Thermoscan who only employ qualified thermographers who are also licensed electricians.

are they specialist thermographers, who will provide a completely independent report?

Many electrical contractors use thermal imaging as a way of generating additional revenue. At Thermoscan, thermal imaging is all we do, and we’ve been doing it for 34 years. Unlike some

At Thermoscan, we realise that cost control is important and that minimising hassles to your working day is vital. That’s why no other thermography company in Australia can match us when it comes to efficiency and quality. When you use Thermoscan, your free up front quote guarantees there are no pricing surprises, and you’ll save time and hassle by using a quality assured company.

Call now on 1300 132 517 to organise a free no obligation quote with Thermoscan in the next 30 days and receive a 10% discount by mentioning this advertisement. Thermoscan. The only specialist, qualified independent thermography company that can service your thermal imaging needs anywhere in australia.

THe CloCk iS TiCking, Don’T PuT off Your THermograPHY inSPeCTion a SeConD longer!

reDuCe THe riSk, Call THermoSCan noW: Tel: 1300 132 517 or email: info@THermoSCan.Com.au

PRODUCT NEWS POOL CLEANING MADE EASY THANKS TO THE WAVE 75 BY MAYTRONICS The WAVE 75 is a robust rugged addition to the Dolphin (by Maytronics) commercial family. The WAVE 75 compliments the existing range of pool robots and provides an entry level commercial cleaner for the smaller commercial pool market – including: • Swim Schools • Smaller hotels and Motels • Caravan Parks • Resorts • Hydrotherapy Pools • Hospital Pools. “The Wave 75 is a fantastic addition to our family of cleaners, it really supports those smaller commercial pools that still need the heavy duty aspect of commercial cleaning but don’t quite have the budgets to buy the larger commercial

range products” said Cameron McKinlay, Business Development Manager for Maytronics Australia. Maytronics operates throughout Australia and the world and is regarded as the leader in Robotic Pool Cleaner technology. “We are 100% focused on providing outstanding service, support and the right solutions for customers in the robotic pool cleaner market”, said Dan Kwaczynski, Managing Director of Maytronics Australia. Maytronics has service facilities in all major cities and local dealers that will support the Wave 75 across the market. The Wave 75 specification include: • 24 m cable • 2,3,4 hour cycle • 2 year warranty • Swivel • Fine Filtering

• Combined or Wonder brush options • Remote control • Caddy If you would like to find out more about the Wave commercial range from Maytronics why not contact us today at 1300 MYDOLPHIN or infoau@maytronics.com

Kleenduct WA Kleenduct WA has gained the trust and endorsement of a broad range of industries, providing specialised Hygiene Services at the highest standard has attracted clients like: Defence, Governments, Mining, Education and Healthcare. This has formed the foundation of our ongoing success and sustainability. Kleenduct WA recently acquired Plasma Solutions who are the WA Distributor of Biozone Scientific Technology in order to offer a complete package of continuous protection for our clients.

BioZones patented systems produce Photoplasma and incorporate other technologies which, together can generate the oxidation & sanitising power of 180 times UV & 2000 times ozone.This technology creates a clean, healthy environment which controls all odour, virus, bacteria & mould issues and is proven worldwide with various applications for the hospitality industry. We offer cost effective solutions to long standing problems without the use of chemicals, which

can be a danger in the food sector and can leave secondary contaminants. Save money by reducing maintenance and cleaning regimes whilst protecting your assets, brand, customers and staff. Contact us for further information or if you would like to participate in a free trial. For more information visit www.plasmasolutions.com.au

Westan Westan are pleased to participate in this issue of The Hotel Engineer as the new exclusive importers and distributors of Philips Hotel TV for Australia and New Zealand as of March this year.

This allows us to provide hotel based solutions including reception area signage, video walls for bar and function areas, interactive touchscreens for meeting rooms and conference facilities and almost any other public display application you could think of.

Westan has over twenty year’s experience in distributing consumer electronics products in this region and currently offers the complete range of Philips visual products as well as Epson projectors, Samsung TV’s and Audica Pro Commercial Audio Solutions.

Our hotel TV range is of course known to many of you and the next generation of IPTV products will soon be here offering faster more reliable IPTV integration.

Our Philips offer includes Digital Signage Displays, Consumer TV’s and Hotel TV’s.

Finally our Consumer TV range whilst not equipped with all the features of our Hotel TV’s does offer

65” sizes in Full HD and UHD which can be useful for public areas. Westan operates warehouse and showroom facilities in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Auckland and our full time sales team would be happy to demonstrate any of our solutions to you at an office that is convenient. Our dedicated technical support team in Melbourne is available for support or training on any of our product ranges as required. For further information please contact us on 1300 963 963 or via philips@westan.com.au

Every Day’s a Good Hair Day with Nero Introducing the Nero Flair Hair Dryer – a new addition to the Weatherdon product range. From its smart silver looks to the more compact silhouette, the Flair offers something for everyone. Packing a powerful 1800 watts with 2 speed settings, it is custom designed for use in hotels, apartments and resorts with overheating protection and a cable length of 180cm. Weatherdon have managed to combine desirable features to satisfy your guests such as an ionic

function and cool shot button for smooth styling, with a competitive price keeping in mind the ever present budget constraints of the accommodation industry. As a thank you to our loyal customers in the 40th Anniversary year of Weatherdon, the first 1000 units sold will receive a free gift … an elegant black velour hair dryer bag embroidered with silver thread.

Available in cartons of 6 with the product code 7411601.

For more information on our extensive range of quality products please email sales@weatherdon.com.au or visit our website at www.weatherdon.com.au

Verdé Solutions Verde Solutions is an Australian company who provide the best hand drying solutions to the Australian public. They have 3 hand dryer models to choose from, that will cover all possible applications. We have summarised the seven reasons you should be buying a Verdé the next time you need a hand dryer.

7 Reasons why you Need a Verdé hand dryer in your business!! 1. 100% Satisfaction Guarantee! 2. Quietest dryers in their Class – as tested in Australia. 3. No Slip-Water Collection. All water spray from hands is collected in the unit. Eliminating ugly messy puddles which constitute a Slip Hazard 4. FAST – Hygienically dry hands in 10-12 seconds. Cheaper running costs.

5. Safety – Tested and Certified in Australia, surpassing all electrical Safety standards. 6. Colours – Over 10,000 to choose from*. Customised Logos can be included.** 7. Temperature Control – turns heat off automatically when temperature reaches 25ºC, saving even more electricity. *Warranty – 2 year full warranty – Mini & Maxi. 3 years on motor and circuit board (Maxi only). For more information visit our website www.verdesolutions.com.au

Save your business money. Improve power quality & energy efficiency whilst improving risk & asset management Energy is not what it seems. Poor power quality increases energy consumption and could be costing your business money. It may also be damaging your equipment leading to increased maintenance and replacement costs. 3G Energy Solutions is a business partner sharing its expertise in this complex area. With a focus on Power Quality Management and Energy Efficiencies (Lighting and other technologies), 3G works to assist businesses uncover opportunities to manage energy wastage and inefficiencies – Expert Consultancy, Engineering Expertise and Innovative Technology Solutions. Underpinning all we do is our commitment to delivering Sustainable Commercial and Environmental Outcomes, to harness new technologies and solutions to not only increase energy efficiency but reduce carbon footprint, and improve the working environment for employees. 3G Energy Power Quality Assessment is the first step in evaluating the quality of your businesses Energy supply and usage. Our assessment is comprehensive and will provide recommendations on how to achieve optimal energy performance.

Energy Optimisation involves stabilising voltage of the incoming supply to that which is optimal for the sites requirements, improving energy Voltage supplied to a site is not efficiency and always stable. Equipment originally longevity of designed to work on a 230VAC nominal voltage network for example, equipment. may be subject to operating at higher or lower voltages potentially causing wear and tear, shortening equipment lifespan, wasting energy and money!

Harmonic distortions are waveforms caused by power flowing at undesirable frequencies. Where harmonics are present at significant levels there is potential for damage to transformers and conductors, circuit breakers, electronic equipment and other critical devices. Managing Power Factor is also a very important aspect of improving quality of supply. Low power factor means poor electrical efficiency, which may result in higher tariff rates for electricity. Engage 3G Energy Solutions to conduct an Assessment of your premises. Expert Energy Quality and Lighting Engineers will help you uncover and harness the potential within your business – • Significant sustainable reductions on power costs

Power Quality Management

Energy Management Solutions

Consulting Services

Energy Optimisation

Energy Efficient Lighting and Design

Auditing – NABERS | Green Star

Harmonic Filtering

Energy Metering Software

Energy Auditing Level 1, 2 and 3

Power Factor Correction

Heating and Cooling

VEET | ESCI Certificates

Surge Protection

Emergency Lighting

Building Management Solutions

• Improved working environment • Increased asset value • Significant and sustainable reductions in carbon emission • Optimum building performance • Significant and Ongoing Financial Savings.

3G Energy Solutions – 3G Energy – “Applying technology and good business sense to deliver sustainable commercial and environmental outcomes.”