2011
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1
1891
1
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1894
2
1895
3
6
19
20
24
ii
120
1897
1898
5
1898
6
4
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40
1898
7
44
1899
8
60
1899
9
60
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11
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117
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166
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183
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196
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203
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1903 1903
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27
1905
28
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29
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217
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120 125
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221
xii
30 1905
235
1907
31
236
238
253
254
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32
33 1903 1898 23
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16114
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1998
41
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213 20814
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211 210 14
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1899
273 272 14
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2002 35
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61
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74
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76
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1996
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110
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112
113
114
115
116
117
6556 15
118
119
120
121
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7266 15
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124
+ 1.Buddhism by T.W.Rhys Davids, 2.Buddhism by Sir Monier Williams
125
126
:
127
Buddhism by Sir Monier williams
128
129
130
1.Buddha by Dr.Herman Oldenberg, 2.Sacred Books of the East
131
10 49 10 3
132
Tibet Tartary And Mongolia by Henry T.Prinsep
133
134
1.A Record of the Buddhist Religion by I.Tsing, translated by J.Tikakusu 2.The Nineteenth Century, October 1894 by Max Muller
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
9372 15
142
1.Francis Bernier,
2.George Forster
143
1.H.W.Bellew,
144
1.Edward Balfour, 2.Dr.Wolff, 3.Prester John, 4.Alexius Comnenus, the Governor of Constantinople, 5.George Moore, 6.Chozar, 7.J.P.Ferrier
145
1.Benjamin of toleda, 2.Flavious Josephus, 3.Jerome, 4.The British Empire in the East by Count Bjornsterna, 5.Nebuchadnezzar, 6.G.T.Vigne
146
1.James Bryce, 2.Alexander Burnes, 3.G.B.malleson, 4.J.P.Ferrier
147
148
149
150
.............
151
............
SWATIS AND AFRIDIS by Sir Thomas Holdich, The Civil and Military Gazette. Wednesday November .23,1898. page.4
152
SEMITIC
153
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175
Crucifiction they maintain, even if the feet as well as the hands are supposed to have been nailed occasions but very little loss of blood. It kills therefore only very slowly by convulsions produced by the strai ni ng of the l i mbs or by gradual starvation. So if Jesus supposed indeed to be dead,had been taken down from the cross after about six hours, there is every probability of his supposed death having been only a death-like swoon from which after the descent from the cross Jesus recovered again in the cool cavern covered as he was with healing ointments and strongly scented spices. On this head it is usual to appeal to an account in Josephus, who says that on one occasion, when he was returning from a military recognizance, on which he had been sent, he found several Jewish prisoners who had been crucified. He saw among them three acquaintances whom he begged Titus to give to him. They were
176
immediately taken down and carefully attended to, one was really saved, but two others could not be recovered. (A new life of Jesus by D. F. Strauss. Vol I. page 410)
The former of these hypotheses that of apparent death, was employed by the old Rationalists, and more recently by Schleiermacher in his life of Christ Sc hl e i e r ma c he r' s s upp o si ti o n. Tha t J es us Modern Doubt and Christian Belief by Theodore Christlieb.D.D.
177
afterwards lived for a time with the disciples and then retired into entire solitude for his second death.
נגזר
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178
ימים
יאריך
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315 311 17
314 17
The first explanation adopted by some able critics is that Jesus did not really die on the cross but
179
bei ng taken down alive and hi s body being delivered to friends, he subsequently revived. In support of this theory it is argued that Jesus is represented by Gospels as expiring after having been but three or six hours upon the cross which would have been but unprecedentedly rapid death. It is affirmed that only the hands and not the feet were nailed to the cross. The crucifragian not usually accompanying crucifixion is dismissed as unknown to the three synoptits and only inserted by the fourth evangelist for dogmatic reasons and of course the lance disappears with the leg- breaking. Thus the apparent death was that profound faintness which might well fall upon an organization after some hours of physical and mental agony on the cross, following the continued strain and fatigue of the previous night. As soon as he had sufficiently recovered it is supposed that Jesus visited his disciples a few times to re-assure them, but with pre-caution on account of the Jews, and was by them believed to have risen from the dead, as indeed he himself may likewise have supposed, reviving as he had done from the faintness of death. Seeing however that his death had set the
180
crown upon his work the master withdrew into i m pe ne tr ab l e o bs c ur i t y and wa s he ar d no mor e. Gf ro re r who ma i nta i ns the theor y of Scheintod with great ability thinks that Jesus had believers amongst the rulers of the Jews who although they could not shield him from the opposition against him still hoped to save him from death. Joseph, a rich man, found the means of doing so. He prepared the new sepulchre close to the place of execution to be at hand, begged the body from Pilate - the immense quantity of spices bought by Nicomedus being merely to distract the attention of the Jesus being quickly carried to the sepulchre was restored to life by their efforts.He interprets the famous verse John xx : 17 curiously, The expression "I have not yet ascended to my father." He takes as meaning simply the act of dying "going to heaven" and the reply of Jesus is I am not yet dead, Jesus sees his desciples only a few times mysteriously and believing that he had set the final seal to the truth of his work by his death he then retires into impenetrable gloom Das Heiligthum and die Wabrhcit p 107 p 231 (Pp. 523 of the Supernatural religion)
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