2012 Research Report
Investing in the
future of Illinois
soybeans
“Investing checkoff dollars in soybean research creates a positive return on investment in the long run. Results from these studies make my practices more efficient, so I can grow higher value soybeans and increase yields at the same time.” —Bill Wykes, ISA Chairperson Yorkville, IL
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Table of Contents Overview of Research Investments
Soybean Diseases and Insect Pests Soybean Cyst Nematode Weeds Soybean Germplasm and Breeding Soy Nutrition and Food Science Online Resources Research Teams ISA Board of Directors
Overview of Research Investments In 2011, nearly half of your Illinois soybean checkoff dollars were invested in research initiatives. The projects—conducted by teams at the National Soybean Research Laboratory (NSRL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UI), Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIU), Western Illinois University (WIU) and Illinois State University (ISU)—focus on objectives set forth in the Illinois Soybean Association’s (ISA) mission statement. They include developing new methods and products to improve the quality and dependability of your soybeans—enhancing your competitive edge in the global marketplace. They also address grower concerns related to improving yields, winning the fight against diseases, managing insect pests and weeds, and identifying new and desirable genetic traits that assist with all of these efforts. We are confident you will agree: Your Illinois checkoff dollars are hard at work for you!
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The Managed Research Approach Selected on the basis of grower priorities, most of the studies we invest in are categorized into Managed Research Areas (MRAs). Each MRA emphasizes a specific production challenge. Our research projects begin with the formation of teams comprised of growers, researchers and advisors familiar with state and national programs. Scientists with expertise in the particular fields of study lead each MRA team. Together, team leaders and members evaluate priorities, set team objectives and tailor research to meet the needs of Illinois soybean growers. The MRAs in 2011 encompass five priority areas: 1. Soybean Diseases and Insect Pests 2. Soybean Cyst Nematode 3. Weeds 4. Soybean Germplasm and Breeding 5. Soy Nutrition and Food Science Since Illinois has eight different soil types and five different soybean maturity groups, production research is customized to varied growing conditions. A network of 13 test fields and 40 sentinel plots covers the state. This network gives researchers access to data that is unique to each region to better assist growers statewide.
Grow.
Compete.
Lead.
Established by ISA, the Yield Challenge seeks to reward top soybean growers and identify innovative management practices that produce the highest soybean yields across Illinois and the world, while promoting profitable and sustainable agricultural practices. The Yield Challenge brings together teams of growers who strategize and implement their own innovative management practices. They collect and report data along the way, which researchers, agribusinesses and growers evaluate for ideas to improve their own yield potential. 2012 will be the third complete year of the Yield Challenge and promises to be another great success. In 2011 nearly 200 growers participated, achieving an average 3.6 bushel-peracre yield increase over their standard treatment plots. Most tested the effects of an insecticide + fungicide + foliar feeding program. The vast majority of participants report learning something from their Yield Challenge plots and intend to adopt these practices as part of their standard management programs. Get all the details about the Yield Challenge online at www.soyyieldchallenge.com.
ISA Research Funding FY 2011 PERCENT OF FUNDING BY CATEGORY
12% SDIP
5% SCN 4% Weeds
35% Other
12% Germplasm & Breeding
2% Agronomy
13% Liverstock &
12% VIPS & Yield
5% Soybean
Nutrition
Challenge
Aquaculture
Soybean Diseases and Insect Pests MRA
$610,000 12%
Soybean Cyst Nematode MRA
$250,000 5%
Weeds MRA
$194,000 4%
Soybean Germplasm and Breeding MRA
$610,233 12%
Soy Nutrition and Food Science MRA
$250,000 5%
VIPS and Yield Challenge
$624,600 12%
Livestock and Aquaculture
$675,762 13%
Soybean Agronomy
$117,792 2%
Other
TOTAL
$1,821,074 35%
$5,153,461
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Soybean Diseases and Insect Pests Understanding Soybean Diseases Toxin Assay of Charcoal Rot A research team at SIU evaluated elite soybean breeding lines for resistance to charcoal rot. A genetic line was developed by crossing moderately resistant charcoal rot lines. Resistant varieties are needed not only for producers, but also for use when developing germplasm-screening protocols. With the toxin assay complete and the capability of conducting field trials, researchers believe they’ve found a process that will be the first of its kind in the industry. Varieties with charcoal rot resistance will be evaluated in future studies. Tracking More Aggressive Pathogens One study at SIU set out to identify virulence determinants in the pathogens of three common diseases: frogeye leaf spot, charcoal rot and Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS). • Eight percent of frogeye leaf spot isolates showed a genetic mutation giving a tolerance to some foliar fungicides.
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• Multiple charcoal rot isolates—from soybean, corn, melon and strawberry fields—were found to produce charcoal rot to the same extent. • SDS isolates were more aggressive on soybeans when they showed a higher tolerance to a naturally produced chemical with fungicidal activity produced by soybean plants.
Weather, Resistance Affects Bacterial Blight Management Two major factors growers should consider in managing bacterial blight are weather conditions and varietal resistance levels. During cool, wet growing seasons, bacterial blight disease pressure could be very severe. Hot, dry conditions are not favorable for the disease. A study at UI shows soybean varieties resistant to bacterial blight can significantly reduce the disease occurrence and severity, and should be considered the main priority for controlling the disease. Soil Microorganisms Influence SDS Pathogen SIU trials show a high correlation between soil microbial populations and SDS. Soil organism populations change throughout the growing season, which may affect the virulence of the SDS pathogen. Changing the planting date and using seed treatments to control SDS may be beneficial solutions; managing soil microbes remains a topic of investigation. Soil Microbes and Soybean Yields Ever consider soil as living? One project is looking at how certain soil microbe communities influence soybean productivity. Continuing research at UI, in cooperation with USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS), will analyze genomic data to determine what microbes most influence high- or low-yielding beans.
Frogeye leaf spot (Botryosphaeria obtusa)
Asian Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi)
The Effect of Fungicides New Fungicide for Asian Soybean Rust Previous checkoff-funded research had identified a novel plant compound from G. tomentella that inhibits spore growth of Phakospora pachyrhizi (Asian soybean rust). UI research concentrated continuing efforts to increase yield from harvested leaf samples, test its fungicidal efficacy, determine its mode of action and assess its activity against other soybean diseases. Preliminary results showed some growth inhibition against SDS and White Mold. Though further tests are needed, the objective is to bring this new fungicide to market. Potential Fungicides from Novel Mycoviruses With increasing emphasis on protecting the usefulness of fungicides by delaying or preventing resistance, mycoviruses potentially represent highly targeted biological fungicides that could alleviate the selective pressures leading to fungicide resistance. Long-term research at UI, in conjunction with ARS, is focused on using mycoviruses to develop fungicides against soil-borne and foliar soybean diseases. In the first year of this project, researchers successfully extracted and sequenced RNA from pathogens causing Anthracnose, charcoal rot, Phomopsis seed rot and Rhizoctonia root rot. Double Crop Fungicide Trials and Yield UI and SIU trials looked at the impact of foliar fungicides on soybean rust and native diseases in late-planted soybeans. Twelve foliar fungicide treatments were applied at the R3 stage (beginning pod) at two locations. Fungicides included strobilurin, triazole and strobilurin/triazole mixes. While differences were observed in disease control, there were no differences in soybean yield among treatments compared to untreated checks—therefore, a return on investment would not have been realized. Data from this project over the past three years demonstrates, that under the field and weather conditions in this trial, it was not economically feasible to spray fungicides in double crop soybeans. The decision to apply a fungicide is always based on weather conditions, presence and severity of disease and variety susceptibility to disease.
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Soybean Diseases and Insect Pests Improving Insect Management
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Predicting Aphid Populations with Suction Trap Data Research at UI collected immigrating soybean aphids using suction traps at eight locations throughout Illinois. Aphid populations were low last summer, except in field locations east of the Illinois River and north of Peoria, where early season populations exceeded threshold levels and many fields needed sprays. Scientists presumed there to be a sizeable population of buckthorn there, allowing for successful aphid overwintering along with spring migration. Random twig samples taken across northern Illinois in December found widespread overwintering eggs with infestations ranging from 0 to 4 percent of the twigs with at least one egg. Suction trap data, found online at www.ncipmc.org/traps, can alert soybean growers to aphid movement. A jump in the number of aphids trapped locally suggests that monitoring should begin, as immigrant aphids have arrived in the general area. Ongoing research may look at the effect of releasing Binodoxys communis, a parasitic wasp and a natural aphid predator, into fields where aphid populations are high. Sequencing the Aphid Genome Currently, the soybean aphid genome is in fragments. A team at UI is working on refining the assembly of the genome and its primary and secondary symbionts. Fully understanding the biological functions of both symbionts may help determine the virulence of the soybean aphid.
Economic Threshold for Japanese Beetles A study at UI determined that one Japanese beetle per soybean plant is the economic threshold for the pest, and to prevent significant yield loss, treatment with an appropriate insecticide is warranted when more than one beetle per plant is observed. In another study—a collaborative effort of UI, University of Illinois-Chicago (UIC) and ARS—the use of phenylalanine biochemicals to protect yields by deterring Japanese beetle feeding was studied. Phenylalanine treatments deterred beetle feeding on multiple soybean varieties at the dose of 1 millimolar (mM). A dextran seed coating treatment improved yield in the Chicago trials, while a vegetative prebeetleemergence treatment improved yield marginally in Urbana. Statewide Survey of New Insects UI conducted a statewide survey to determine the absence or presence of four new invasive soybean pests throughout the state of Illinois. The field surveys found no evidence of brown marmorated, redbanded or redshouldered stink bugs. Trochanter mealybugs were found on soybean roots in only two widely separated counties—Kankakee and Pulaski. Future surveys will be necessary to monitor the potential occurrence of these insect pests and develop management.
“Soybean diseases are a significant threat to yields. Checkoff-funded research is critical to helping growers better manage these threats by educating about the diseases, and the new tools available for disease management.” —Bill Raben, ISA Vice Chairperson, Ridgway, IL
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Key Takeaways
• Cool, wet weather is a prime condition for bacterial blight; growers should focus on resistant varieties to significantly reduce disease occurrence and severity. • Suction trap data on soybean aphids can help growers predict aphid movement; researchers are working to assemble the aphid genome. • One Japanese beetle per soybean plant is the economic threshold for the pest. • Double crop soybean yield is not impacted with late-sprayed fungicides; data did not support a return on investment for these treatments.
Soybean Cyst Nematode Increasing virulence of SCN populations Field samples show that, across the state of Illinois, soybean cyst nematode (SCN) HG Type 2 populations are increasing in frequency. Almost 70 percent of our fields have this hard-to-control nematode population. SCN HG Type 2 is characterized by its ability to reproduce on PI 88788, which typically provides resistance to more than 90 percent of SCN species. Cultural practices, such as crop rotation and tillage, do not appear to stop the nematode from adapting to the host resistance, though vigilance and implementing such cultural practices do appear to help keep these populations in lower numbers in the soil. ISA and NSRL intend to publish a fact sheet and management recommendations for growers facing this new threat.
Resistance evaluations of HG Types 0 and 2.5.7 10
UI research evaluated the type of SCN resistance of 130 soybean varieties released over the last 85 years from maturity groups (MG) II, III and IV. In SCN HG type 0 resistance evaluations, 13 varieties were scored as having low resistance and 92 varieties showed no resistance. Twenty-five varieties were highly resistant or resistant. Of those 25, 23 were released after 1989. In SCN HG type 2.5.7 resistance evaluations, only one variety (Franklin) exhibited resistance to HG type 2.5.7; the remaining lines had low resistance (11 varieties) or no resistance (118 varieties) to HG type 2.5.7. Resistance evaluations such as these offer crucial information for growers in selecting soybean varieties for their fields. The data collected here are integrated into the Varietal Information Program for Soybeans (VIPS) program, one of the most important tools growers can utilize for informed decision making. See the VIPS section for more info.
Reducing the virulence of SCN, improving soybean survival with phenylpropanoid compounds A research team at the UIC tested 10 soybean varieties for effects of the organic plant compound phenylalanine and its derivative quercetin against SCN. Treatments reduced infection rate by 50 percent and cyst production by 70 percent. Researchers saw no adverse yield effects when phenylalanine and quercetin levels were less than 1 mM and 0.5 mM, respectively. Their findings include: • Soybean varieties respond differently to the phenylalanine/ phenylpropanoid treatment, but all showed a decrease in SCN infection. • Regardless of the compound used, the mixtures must be applied to the seed directly and before germination, or the effectiveness of treatment is greatly reduced. SCN infections were lowest when seeds were coated. • Two seed coatings with various phenylpropanoids had favorable yield results in 2010 and are undergoing further field trials to assess yield impact. • Scientists are exploring phenylpropanoid genetics as an alternative to commercial seed treatments.
Evaluating SCN and Rhizoctonia solani interactions Soybean cultivars susceptible to SCN also appear to be more susceptible to Rhizoctonia root rot infections, according to UI and SIU research. This reaffirms the importance of planting soybean varieties with resistance to SCN, and that doing so may also help manage other soil-borne diseases, such as Rhizoctonia root rot.
VIPS Perhaps the most vital decision soybean growers make is choosing which varieties to plant in any given season. For this, the Varietal Information Program for Soybeans (VIPS) is an invaluable resource. VIPS offers disease ratings and resistance data, along with protein and oil content and yield data. Currently, VIPS gives producers access to information for more than 500 SCN-resistant varieties. A completely customizable search tool, VIPS allows growers to compare varieties with others at nearby locations, as well as multiple locations in the same region and maturity group (MG) categories. For unbiased, accurate disease resistance information, VIPS is your greatest asset. Last year, VIPS research determined the resistance status to southern root-knot nematode for all SCN-resistant varieties entered in the state variety trials. More than 550 varieties were evaluated and only 58 varieties (about 11 percent) had resistance to this nematode. Access VIPS at www.vipsoybeans.org.
Key Takeaways • Almost 70 percent of Illinois soybean fields now harbor the hard-to-control SCN HG Type 2 pest. • Phenylpropanoid compounds can effectively reduce SCN infection, especially when applied to seed prior to planting. • VIPS is a valuable tool for evaluating SCN resistance and choosing the best variety for your specific situation and location.
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Weeds
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U.S. EPA Tour—Weed Resistance Management Challenges
Maximizing the Value of Soil Residual Herbicides
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) have developed an active dialogue in recent years on “biotech” crops and herbicide-resistant weeds. The evolution of weeds with multiple herbicide resistances has made economic crop production increasingly challenging for producers. A field tour throughout locations in Arkansas, Illinois and Missouri was organized for EPA representatives to observe and discuss the problems with management of glyphosate-resistant weeds. Participants included representatives from all divisions within the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP), USDA Office of Pest Management Policy and the WSSA, as well as crop consultants, agronomists from agricultural chemical retailers, farmers and representatives from the United Soybean Board and the Illinois Soybean Association. A summary of thoughts from the tour include: • Both old and new herbicide chemistries are needed to manage herbicide resistance.
Two field studies in two different locations were conducted to evaluate application timing and herbicide rate on the efficacy of soil residual herbicides. The scientists found residual herbicides applied at planting provided at least 90 percent control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp for up to three weeks after planting, with lesser control from applications made 14 or 28 days prior to planting. The trials also found velvetleaf control was greater when using full-labeled rates of soil residual herbicides compared with partial (set-up) rates. Overall weed control was greatest from full-labeled rates of Authority® XL, Valor® XLT, Sonic® or Prefix® applied at planting. Additional studies evaluated soil residual herbicides used alone and tank-mixed with other herbicides. Full use rates of Valor and Authority provided greater control of waterhemp, velvetleaf and tall morning glory than partial rates. The addition of tank-mix partners such as Prefix or Boundary® to partial rates of Valor and Authority increased control of problematic weed species. These herbicide combinations may progressively become more important as herbicide-resistant weed biotypes continue to reduce the efficacy of both postemergence and residual herbicides.
• A corn/soybean crop rotation improves management of herbicideresistant weeds by having access to a broader group of herbicide modes of action.
Optimizing Weed Management ROI
• Suplemental atrazine provides greater control of problem weeds and improves overall sustainability of weed management. • It’s critical that the industry continues to discover, develop and commercialize novel herbicide modes of action and new crop traits. Nonchemical means, good cultural practices and crop rotations can help supplement herbicides in future weed management strategies.
Three field studies in 2011, combined with research funded in 2010, aimed to find which weed control tactics provide the greatest ROI: preplant residual herbicides or postemergent tank-mix partners with glyphosate. Results indicate that herbicide programs including a preemergence residual herbicide provide more consistent weed control and frequently result in higher soybean yield than programs utilizing postemergence tank-mix partners with glyphosate. Several low-cost herbicide programs resulted in weed control and soybean yield similar to or greater than high cost alternatives. Thus, a well-planned weed management program can provide better weed control and soybean yield compared to a reactive approach that many growers implement.
“Early season weed control is vital to protect my crop’s yield potential. Planning ahead and carefully timing the use of herbicides improve control and protect my bottom line.” — Dan Farney, Secretary, Morton, IL
Yield Response to Postemergence Glyphosate Tank Mixtures Field experiments were conducted by SIU and UI to determine the potential for soybean yield reduction from glyphosate applied alone and in combination with Cobra,® Flexstar® and Cadet® at three application timings and two (early and late) planting dates. Soybean yield was not reduced by herbicide treatments at UI. However, yield reductions were observed in early- and late-planted soybean at Belleville, with Cobra applications to late-planted soybean causing the greatest yield loss (7 to 11 bushels per acre). Additional experiments determined the most effective tank-mixture for control of problem weed species. Combinations of glyphosate and Flexstar at 1.6 pints per acre provided the greatest control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp, while glyphosate and Cadet failed to increase waterhemp control compared with glyphosate alone. UI found tall morning glory control was improved with the addition of Flexstar or Cobra to glyphosate.
Weed Control Affecting Yield at Various Seeding Rates Data from three 2011 field studies were compared to results from the same study conducted at multiple sites in 2009 and 2010 to determine how common weed management practices affect yields at high and low seeding rates. Researchers found that delaying weed control until weeds are greater than 8 to 12 inches reduces soybean yield to a greater extent in fields where low soybean seeding rates (50,000 and 100,000 seeds per acre) are used compared with the high seeding rate (150,000 seeds per acre). When the soybean seeding rate was 100,000 seeds per acre or less, delayed weed control reduced soybean yield by an average of 10 bushels per acre, while yield loss due to delayed weed control in soybeans seeded at 150,000 was 5 bushels per acre. Trial results also found that the use of a foliar fungicide and insecticide in combination with timely weed control increased soybean yield slightly (3 to 4 bushels per acre), regardless of seeding rate.
Key Takeaways
• Delayed weed control reduces soybean yield to a greater extent with lower soybean seeding rates. • Weed control is greatest when soil residual herbicides are applied at planting and when used at full-use rates or tank-mixed at partial rates with glyphosate. • Preemergence residual herbicide programs optimize ROI by providing more consistent weed control and higher yields than utilizing a reactive postemergence approach. • Glyphosate combined with Flexstar at 1.6 pints per acre provides the greatest control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp.
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Soybean Germplasm and Breeding Germplasm and Breeding Initiative The Germplasm and Breeding Initiative (GBI) seeks to expand the genetic base of the North American soybean germplasm by exploiting new genetic sources. GBI researchers work to meet five main goals: 1. Improve levels of resistance to economically important diseases and pests in soybean germplasm. 2. Utilize perennial Glycine species created by wide hybridization technology to integrate agronomically desirable traits into soybean germplasm. 3. Develop new soybean varieties and germplasm lines with improved yield, disease and pest resistance, and composition. 4. Map the locations of genes from exotic soybean germplasm that can improve soybean yields. 5. Understand the agronomic characteristics that contribute to yield gain.
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Evaluating crossbred lines for disease resistance and yield traits Hybridization with wild relatives of crops is an important tool for improving traits such as disease resistance, as well as improving production and yield. Previous research at UI transferred disease-resistant traits from wooly glycine (Glycine tomentella) to soybean. This year’s study found lines with immunity to soybean rust from the G. tomentella parent. Lines with resistance to Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) were increased to provide seeds for field testing in 2012. Field observations also showed large differences in brown stem rot infection—some plants had no infection while neighboring plants were highly infected. Lines with good agronomic characteristics were harvested for further testing. Preliminary yield tests identified G. tomentella-derived lines that also yielded up to eight bushels more per acre than recurrent soybean parent.
New soybean variety developed The SIU breeding program focuses on developing soybean lines with increased yields, improved quality traits (protein, oil and isoflavones) and resistance to existing and emerging diseases. Multiple cross-bred varieties with good yield potential were evaluated, phenotypic and genotypic data was collected and high-performing lines were selected for future research and potential commercial development. In the summer of 2011 SIU debuted Saluki 4411, a line with high yield and SDS and SCN resistance. A release is planned for five lines with high resistance to SCN and SDS and one line with relatively high yield within the next two years.
Improving soybean yield through gene mapping Gene mapping is an important process for identifying the genetic locations of desirable traits that can be used to develop high-yielding, high-performance soybean varieties. Previous research identified two genes from the Chinese PI 68658 that could increase soybean yields. Studies in 2011 confirmed the effects of these genes and measured a 3.6 bushel-per-acre increase when both genes were present. Efforts are now underway to utilize these genes in a breeding program. 2011 research also confirmed a yield gene from Chinese PI 391583 that increased yield by 4.7 bushels per acre in tests. Cross-breeding with this gene and high-yielding cultivars is ongoing to develop better agronomic lines and, eventually, new high-yielding varieties for Illinois producers. To date, mapping genes from exotic germplasm that increase soybean yields has resulted in the confirmation of four genes that have a cumulative effect of increasing soybean yields in excess of 10 bushels per acre. The next challenge is to determine whether these genes consistently increase yields in our best commercial germplasm varieties.
Key Takeaways • Some hybrids crossed with the wild relative Glycine tomentella appear to have received immunity to soybean rust; preliminary tests also identified G. tomentella-derived lines that show an eight bushel-per-acre yield advantage. • The latest soybean variety, Saluki 4411, is an example of how research leads to new developments in high-performing, disease-resistant soybean lines. • Gene mapping and back-crossing with exotic soybean species aids in the development of soybeans bred for increased yield.
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Soy Nutrition and Food Science
Promoting Education and Outreach In Illinois, approximately 40 percent of all babies born are on Women, Infants and Children (WIC), a federally funded food assistance program. Knowing the consumption patterns of WIC mothers and their intention to use soymilk and soy foods could have a large impact for growing soybeans within the state. Of the counties surveyed, approximately 40 percent of WIC respondents did not think soy was a WIC-approved food, and intake of soy products was low. Education about availability of new food products in the WIC food basket may help increase awareness and acceptability of including soy products as part of a healthy diet.
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“Education and outreach programs that promote soy-enhanced foods as part of a healthy diet raise awareness and acceptance of soy and increase market opportunities for our soybeans.” —Ross Prough, ISA At-Large Director, Greenfield, IL
Illinois Center for Soy Foods (ICSF) Outreach Program During the past year, ICSF participated in numerous outreach activities to promote soy as a nutritious addition to the diet. Here is a summary of their goals and how they accomplished each in 2011: 1. Participated in outreach events to promote acceptability of soy foods and garnered good will towards the soy industry—Promoted Soy Foods Month; attended the Illinois Food Product Expo; and participated at UI College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES) Salute to Ag Day fall event. 2. Provided education and training about the nutritional value of soy and eating and living well through soyenhanced foods—Established a successful soy cooking and nutrition workshop at JLM Abundant Life Community Center for an inner-city Chicago and Haitian community. 3. Enhanced and improved education about and promotion of soy foods in the U.S. and Illinois via the ICSF website—Completed ongoing updates with additional recipes, handouts and frequent postings to the NSRL blog “Inside Scoop on Soy” for 2012 (http://nsrlsoy.blogspot.com). 4. Interacted with food service and food industry sectors to promote innovative soy applications and provided education on soy nutrition and health—Participated in INTSOY 2011; developed six proteinenhanced prototype products for fast-growing markets where meat-based alternatives are unavailable or too costly; developed a calcium- and soy-fortified tortilla meant to expand soy food uses; and continued meetings with schools and universities.
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Soy Nutrition and Food Science
and health benefits gives me confidence to add soy foods to our menu at home. With so many options available, it’s easy to find soy foods that my kids will eat.
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—Deb Moore, ISA Farm Mom, Roseville, IL
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Research about soy’s nutrient-rich quality
Impacting Nutrition, Health and Safety Throughout the year, various research studies were conducted to analyze soy’s impact on health and nutrition. Soybeans are a particularly rich source of plant proteins and bioactives that aid in preventing the accumulation of body fat and obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. Soymilk and Body Fat One set of trials at UI examined the effects of consuming low-glycinin soymilk compared to soymilk and bovine milk on the intestinal microorganism composition in overweight and obese men. Overall, soymilk consumption had a positive impact on gut microbiota. Based on these preliminary studies, researchers expect a reduction in weight gain in the trial group consuming soymilk in comparison to those consuming cow milk. Soy Protein Promotes Liver Function An SIU study on lab rats confirmed soy protein protects against the development of fatty liver tissue and also reduces liver-specific inflammation. The research team at SIU established that dietary soy protects against diabetes and other metabolic abnormalities. The research team is now focused on the therapeutic benefit soy has for preventing or treating obesity-associated diseases. Further research is needed to determine exactly how soy promotes healthy liver function. Soy Reduces Colon Cancer Risk A study at UI examined the effects of dietary soy on colon cancer development, from maternal to lifelong exposure, using a rat colon cancer model. Preliminary results confirmed that long-term soy consumption reduces colon cancer risk.
New, Improved and Alternative Food Uses Increasing protein in extruded snack foods increases their value with consumers. Several studies in this area found interesting results. One study found consumers prefer soy protein compared to whey protein in snack foods. Another found consumers prefer high-protein snacks (those with more than 33 percent total protein or 10 grams protein per serving), with 55 percent or more soy protein in relation to whey protein. These soy products also provided adequate shelf life.
Key Takeaways
• Soy consumption has positive human-health benefits including improving body composition, reducing fat accumulation, promoting healthy liver function and perhaps reducing risk of colon cancer. • Consumers prefer high-protein snack foods that contain more soy than whey protein. • Educational and outreach programs continue to serve an important role in understanding the nutritional benefits of soy and promoting its use in diets.
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Online Resources
Glyphosate, Weeds and Crops www.glyphosateweedscrops.org
Illinois Agricultural Pest Management Handbook www.ipm.illinois.edu/pubs/iapmh/index.html
www.soyconnection.com
Illinois Center for Soy Foods
Soybean Diseases in Illinois
www.nsrl.illinois.edu/nutrition.html
www.cropdisease.cropsci.illinois.edu/soybeans
Illinois Soybean Association
Soybean Insect Research Information Center
www.ilsoy.org
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Soy Connection
Illinois Soybean Rust www.soybeanrust.org
Integrated Pest Management
http://insectweb.inhs.uiuc.edu/Soy/Siric/Home.htm
Soybean Checkoff Research Database www.soybeancheckoffresearch.org/index.html
www.ipm.uiuc.edu
SoyCam
Integrated Pest Management Weed Resources
Soyfoods Association of North America
www.soycam.com
www.ipm.uiuc.edu/weeds.html
www.soyfoods.org
Laboratory for Soybean Disease Research
United States Department of Agriculture
www.soydiseases.illinois.edu
www.usda.gov
National Soybean Research Laboratory
United Soybean Board
www.nsrl.illinois.edu
www.unitedsoybean.org
North Central Soybean Research Program
U.S. Soyfoods Directory
www.ncsrp.com
Plant Health Initiative
www.soyfoods.com
Varietal Information Program for Soybeans
www.planthealth.info
www.vipsoybeans.org
SCN Management
Yield Challenge
www.planthealth.info/scn–basics.htm
www.soyyieldchallenge.com
Research Teams Soybean Cyst Nematode MRA
Soy Nutrition and Food Science MRA
Soybean Germplasm and Breeding MRA
Program Coordinator Billy Caldwell
Program Coordinator Billy Caldwell
Program Coordinator Billy Caldwell
Team Leaders Jason Bond, Southern Illinois University Terry Niblack, University of Illinois
Team Leaders Bill Banz, Southern Illinois University Keith Cadwallader, University of Illinois
Team Leaders Brian Diers, University of Illinois Stella Kantartzi, Southern Illinois University Linda Kull, University of Illinois
Farmer Advisors Dean Campbell, Coulterville Dale Crawford, Sullivan Duane Dahlman, Marengo Dan Farney, Morton Matt Hughes, Shirley Ron Kindred, Atlanta Wendel Lutz, Dewey Lyle Wessel, Waterloo Rowen Ziegler, LaHarpe
Farmer Advisors Dean Campbell, Coulterville Pat Dumoulin, Hampshire Dan Farney, Morton C.W. Gaffner, Greenville Karl Lawfer, Kent Wendel Lutz, Dewey Ed Mies, Loami Doug Winter, Mill Shoals Bill Wykes, Yorkville
Soybean DiSeases and Insect Pests MRA
Weeds MRA
Program Coordinator Keith Smith
Program Coordinator Billy Caldwell
Team Leaders Jason Bond, Southern Illinois University Linda Kull, University of Illinois
Team Leaders Aaron Hager, University of Illinois Bryan Young, Southern Illinois University
Farmer Advisors Dean Campbell, Coulterville Mike Cunningham, Bismarck Duane Dahlman, Marengo Dan Farney, Morton C.W. Gaffner, Greenville Matt Hughes, Shirley Ron Kindred, Atlanta Wendel Lutz, Dewey David Niekamp, Coatsburg Ross Prough, Greenfield Bill Raben, Ridgway Mark Sprague, Hull Lyle Wessel, Waterloo Rowen Ziegler, LaHarpe
Farmer Advisors Dean Campbell, Coulterville Michael Cunningham, Bismarck Duane Dahlman, Marengo Dan Farney, Morton C.W. Gaffner, Greenville Donald E. Guinnip, Marshall Matt Hughes, Shirley Ron Kindred, Atlanta Wendel Lutz, Dewey Joe Murphy, Harrisburg Ross Prough, Greenfield Bill Raben, Ridgway Mark Sprague, Hull Lyle Wessel, Waterloo Bill Wykes, Yorkville
Farmer Advisors Dean Campbell, Coulterville Dale Crawford, Sullivan Duane Dahlman, Marengo Dan Farney, Morton Matt Hughes, Shirley Ron Kindred, Atlanta Karl Lawfer, Kent Wendel Lutz, Dewey Ed Mies, Loami David Niekamp, Coatsburg Mark Sprague, Hull Doug Winter, Mill Shoals Rowen Ziegler, LaHarpe
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District Directors DISTRICT #1
DISTRICT #2 Duane Dahlman Marengo, IL
Rowen Ziegler, Production Committee Chairperson LaHarpe, IL
DISTRICT #4
DISTRICT #5
DISTRICT #6
DISTRICT #7
DISTRICT #8
DISTRICT #9
DISTRICT #10
DISTRICT #11
DISTRICT #12
DISTRICT #13
DISTRICT #14
DISTRICT #15
DISTRICT #16
DISTRICT #17
DISTRICT #18
Paul Rasmussen Genoa, IL
Bill Wykes, Chairperson Yorkville, IL
Michael Marron, Asst. Secretary-Tresurer Fithian, IL
Dan Farney, Secretary Morton, IL
David Niekamp Coatsburg, IL
DISTRICT #3
Rob Shaffer, Tresurer El Paso, IL
Timothy Seifert Auburn, IL
22
Jared Hooker Clinton, IL
Gary Berg St. Elmo, IL
Tim Scates Carmi, IL
Wendel Lutz Dewey, IL
Donald E. Guinnip Marshall, IL
David Droste Nashvillle, IL
Mark Sprague New Canton, IL
Lyle Wessel Waterloo, IL
Bill Raben, Vice Chairperson Ridgway, IL
At-Large Directors Ron Kindred, Marketing Committee Chairperson Atlanta, IL
Ross Prough, Greenfield, IL
Ron Moore, Roseville, IL
23 Joe Murphy Harrisburg, IL
C W Gaffner Greenville, IL
At-Large Director
John Hagenbuch Utica, IL
District Director
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