METROPOLITAN PLANNING STUDIO MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION Guided by – Prof. Vidyadhar Phatak | Prof. Anil Roy | Prof. Anurima Mukherjee Basu | Prof. Vishal Dubey |Prof. Shalini Sinha.
ADITYA BHATTACHARYA PP0000216 MASTERS OF URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING – II MONSOON SEMESTER, 2017-2018
MUMBAI // CONTENTS •
INTRODUCTION – OVERVIEW | HISTORY | PLANNING HISTORY
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BUSINESS CENTRES | ECONOMY
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REGIONAL SETTING
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MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION MUMBAI METROPOLIS V OTHER METROPOLIS (CASE STUDIES)
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REGIONAL PLAN | WHAT MUMBAI TAKES INTO ACCOUNT
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GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE IN MMR
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LEARNINGS FROM LONDON
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GOVERNANCE TRANSPORT SECTOR
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STRATEGIC PLANNING IN MMR
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CONCERNS IN TRANSPORTATION EXISTING TRANSPORT PROPOSALS PROPOSAL & GROWTH CENTRES
METROPOLITAN PLANNING STUDIO| MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION
OBJECTIVES OF THE METROPOLITAN PLANNING STUDIO The case of Mumbai Metropolitan Region Understanding the planning at MMR with the help of international case studies (predominantly London), we have questioned the effectiveness of planning at the metropolitan scale by understanding the delineation of metropolitan areas, scope of plans, and the governance structure in place. Also we ventured into the transportation sector in MMR with case examples from London. Finally, strategic projects at the metropolitan scale, were also explored, where worked towards developing a proposal at the metropolitan region. ADITYA BHATTACHARYA | PP0000216
MUMBAI // OVERVIEW | HISTORY | PLANNING HISTORY PLANNING HISTORY
HISTORY
Coastal city | geographical location accelerates trade and commerce
1
1898
Bombay City Improvement Trust (BIT)
Early 1600s City of Bombay Formed from 7 islets
1958
1st Statutory Master Plan for Bombay
1966
MRTP Act passed.
1970
CIDCO created to develop Navi Mumbai
1973
1st Regional Plan for Bombay
1975
BMRDA (MMRDA) established
1977
MHADA established
1996
2nd Regional Plan for Bombay
1999
Maharashtra MPC Act passed
2008
MPC formulated but not implemented
2016
3rd Regional Plan (2016-36) published
2
Commercial and Entertainment capital of India
1
2
1661 – 1672 Bombay gifted to the British, Given on lease to East India Company
3 1862 – 1893 Islands were merged by land filling techniques to form Greater Bombay.
Density and congestion | 2nd most populous metropolitan area (India)
4 Suburban Railway System | The lifeline of Mumbai
3
4
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1950s Greater Bombay
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MUMBAI // BUSINESS CENTRES | ECONOMY Existing Business Centers 1) 2) 3) 4)
6 5 4
2
1
3
Fort Nariman Point CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC) Proposed Business Centers
4) International Finance Services Centre (IFSC) at BKC 5) Oshiwara District Centre 6) Kalyan Growth Centre
GDP
GDP Share in MMR Greater Mumbai contributes to 2/3rd of MMR’s GDP
Decrease in Manufacturing sector | Increase in Service Sector | The tertiary sector has the highest contribution to the state NDDP, Secondary sector has depreciated over time Tertiary sector –
Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC) | 2010 To de-congest southern Mumbai and seed new areas of planned commercial real estate in the metropolitan region Tertiary sector – mostly concentrated and restricted to Greater Mumbai and Mumbai Suburban
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MUMBAI // REGIONAL SETTING | MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION Districts
Notified Area
Spatial Planning Authority
Navi Mumbai New Town
CIDCO
NAINA
CIDCO
Bhiwandi Surrounding Notified Area (BSNA)
MMRDA
Ambernath Kulgaon Badlapur Surrounding Notified Area (AKBSNA)
MMRDA
Khopta
CIDCO
Vasai Virar Notified Area
VVCMC
41 Villages along Mumbai Pune Expressway
MSRDC
Mumbai | Mumbai Suburban | Thane | Raigad | Palghar
8 Municipal Corporations Greater Mumbai | Thane | Kalyan | Navi Mumbai | Ulhasnagar | Bhiwandi | Vasai Virar | Mira Bhayander
9 Municipal Councils Kulgaon Badlapur | Matheran | Karjat | Panvel | Khopoli | Pen | Uran | Alibag | Ambernath
1003 Villages More than 1003 villages in MMR including Thane & Raigad districts
35 Census Towns
MMR boundary does not coincide with administrative units
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Notified areas and Spatial planning authorities
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MUMBAI // REGIONAL SETTING | MUMBAI METROPOLIS V OTHER METROPOLIS | CASE STUDIES
OVERVIEW
MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION (MMR)
GREATER LONDON
Area: 4355 sq. km. Population (2011): 20.748 million Population density: 4,764/km2
Area: 1572 sq. km. Population (2011): 8.17 million Population density: 4,542/km2
GREATER SAO PAULO Area: 7,946.96 sq. km Population (2016): 21 million Population density: 2,673.09/km2
MELBOURNE Area: 9,990.5 sq.km Population (2016): 4.72 million Population density: 453/km2
SIZE Metropolitan Region Area City area
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MUMBAI // REGIONAL PLAN | WHAT MUMBAI TAKES INTO ACCOUNT Characteristics of a regional plan
Vasai
1
The sectoral focus in the RP covers all the existing issues. (infra, housing, transport, environment)
2
Allocation of land to address uncontrolled growth. E.g. Navi Mumbai
3
Takes into account the recommendations of CTS.
4
Provisions of designating land for growth centers. E.g. Bandra Kurla Complex
5
Designating large part of MMR as green & forest zone to conserve agricultural and forest land.
6
Designating areas for new towns around existing and proposed industrial areas. E.g. Vasai, Kalyan, Ulhasnagar.
Regional introduction Region | sub-region | functional areas | growth centres
Analysis of regional resources
Kalyan
Physical setting | Geography | demography | Settlement pattern | transportation | physical and socio economic linkages | environment
Ulhasnagar
Projected requirements According to the project needs, suitability
Implementation plan Coordination of ULBs and authorities (integrated management) | Prioritizing the development projects | Framework of monitoring and its mechanism
BKC
Decongest
Major projects & proposals Regional policy | Development controls | Regional infrastructure | Disaster risk mitigation measures | Tourism
What Mumbai’s regional plans take into account?
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MUMBAI // GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE IN MMR Horizontal and vertical interactions
Central Government
State Government
Regional level
MoUD / NTDPC / NTPC / MoEF / CPCB
MSRDC / MSRTC / MHADA / MSEB / MSIB / MTDC
MMRDA
District level
Local level ULBs | Municipal Corp.
Structure of the MMRDA
Authority (apex body)
Executive committee
Headed by the Minister for Urban development
Performs technical guidance and supervising activities of MMRDA
17 members - Ministers from the state government, Municipal commissioner of Mumbai, Councilors from MCGM, MLAs
Metropolitan Commissioner
Appointed by the Government of Maharashtra to head the office of MMRDA
Head / Chairman is the Chief Secretary to the Govt. of Maharashtra.
Members - It consists of 9 members including 3 expert members in the fields of Urban Planning and Development
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MUMBAI // LEARNINGS FROM LONDON | GOVERNANCE & TRANSPORT SECTOR Governance structure of GLA
Plans for transport sector Multiplicity of agencies in MMR, while for London, GLA and TFL are the only operating bodies.
Duration: In London, all the plans are regularly updated and implementations are made at the ground level also, which is contrary to Mumbai’s case.
Projects in transport sector – MMR (left) & GLA (right) Inferences from GLA and MMR Greater London Authority (GLA) -
Powers are segregated between different entities. Governed by mayor at the top. The scale of work varies at different levels. Mayor is in charge and responsible for all.
Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) -
Mumbai has a linear institutional structure. Each body acts as an individual entity. No single governing body at the top. Problem in coordinating amongst each other.
Inferences: MMRDA should be responsible for implementing projects, at the regional level and not at the local level. Local level interventions should be looked at by the Municipal corporations, as the Borough Council does in GLA, since they have a better understanding of the local issues.
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MUMBAI // STRATEGIC PLANNING IN MMR | CONCERNS IN TRANSPORTATION Sub-urban rail
Highways & freeways
1.0
1.8
2.2
2.3
Key transportation mode in the MMR – Sub-urban rail ~52% users
Figures of passenger flow for western railway corridor – Morning and evening peak hour Figures in lakh passengers in morning and evening peak hours (Source: Business plan)
Passenger flow Maximum passenger flow is across Mahim. Morning peak (6am-11am): 8.9 (N-S) and 5.0 (S-N). Evening peak (5pm-11pm): 4.9 (N-S) and 10.0(S-N).
Western Railway Corridor | Bandra to Borivali has the highest population density (shown on map & bar chart) Since the maximum burden is taken by the Western line, the new proposed lines (2031) should act as feeders to the existing lines
METROPOLITAN PLANNING STUDIO| MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION
Personal passenger-vehicle movement in and out of MMR is dominated by Greater Mumbai, where 63% of vehicle movements either originate or terminate . All proposals in the past have been restricted to Greater Mumbai
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MUMBAI // STRATEGIC PLANNING IN MMR | EXISTING TRANSPORT PROPOSALS Proposed sub-urban rail networks and links with the proposed Virar-Alibag MMC
Proposed metro rail networks and their links with the proposed Virar-Alibag MMC
Panvel is a common node for all the proposed sub-urban links with the MMC East West connectivity (Wadala-GhatkoparThane) and Industrial development (ThaneBhiwandi-Kalyan-Taloja MIDC) are both satisfied through the proposed metro links
The proposed sub-urban lines should serve 2 Even though sub-urban rail CTS strategies aim at connecting the island city to the basic purposes: neighboring mainland. connectivity has been increased in the Strategies • To ease the burden from the existing subeastern MMR, but connectivity urban lines, by acting as feeders, The densification of greater Mumbai with Metro line between the island city and eastern • To increase East West connectivity MMR is met only through the along the coastline. East west link given last priority (Greater Mumbai - Eastern MMR). proposed metro lines. phasing. METROPOLITAN PLANNING STUDIO| MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION ADITYA BHATTACHARYA | PP0000216
CTS 2008
MUMBAI // STRATEGIC PLANNING IN MMR | GROWTH CENTRES & PROPOSAL Aims of the growth centers : -
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Proposal: Influence of the Virar-Alibag Multi modal corridor
To bring jobs to where people live and to boost economy and generate employment in manufacturing and tertiary sectors. The Growth Centers are envisaged as integrated complexes with opportunities for office sector, employment, research and development, education and recreational facilities and the necessary housing and infrastructure.
Prioritization of transportation projects not in sync with decongestion of the island city or connection of the growth centres.
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Planning requires tackling of other multi-sectorial issues.
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Decongestion of Greater Mumbai,
Growth centres intersecting with MMC and sub-urban rail (Virar, Anjurdive, Panvel, Uran, Pen)
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Acts as a great North-South connection through the other nearby towns KalyanThane-Panvel-Uran.
Takeaways: Proposed Virar-Alibag MMC
Our concerns : -
The growth centres along the proposed MMC
Panvel can be developed as a prominent transport node – All the transportation links (suburban rail, metro and freeways) intersect at Panvel.
Vasai, is also urbanizing rapidly because of the availability of housing options which are well within the affordability range. Also, the proposed MMC starts from Virar which will also act as a Places where the MMC intersects with the proposed transportation links, can be catalyst in development of expected to emerge as growth centres in the near future. Vasai Virar ULB.
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