Bscience

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 ARC3413 PROJECT 2 INTEGRATION PROJECT

PETALING STREET LIBRARY

NAME: KAN JIA WEI ADRIAN ID: 0319384 TUTOR: MR AZIM SULAIMAN

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TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBJECT 1.0 LIGHTING CALCULATION (SPACE A)

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1.1 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

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1.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL

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1.3 PSALI

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2.0 LIGHTING CALCULATION (SPACE B)

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2.1 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

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2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL

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2.3 PSALI

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REFERENCES

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1.0 LIGHTING CALCULATION (SPACE A) 1.1 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS Space A that has been selected for study is the Gift Shop that is located facing eastwards of the building. It is located on the ground floor and easily accessible to the public for use. The floor height of this space is roughly 3.5 metres and the purpose for the space being so close to the faรงade is to maximise the use of natural daylighting and provide a visual element to the building to the tourists or anyone that walks outside.

Figure 1.1 Ground Floor Plan Indicating Location of Gift Shop.

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Figure 1.2 Zoomed In Plan and Light Contour Of Ecotect Analysis Diagram of The Gift Shop.

Based on MS 1525, the Daylighting factor distributions are stated as on the table below; ZONE

DAYLIGHT FACTOR (%)

DISTRIBUTION

VERY BRIGHT

>6

TOO BRIGHT WITH THERMAL AND GLARE PROBLEMS

BRIGHT

3-6

GOOD

AVERAGE

1-3

FAIR

DARK

0-1

POOR

4

Daylighting Factor Calculation FLOOR AREA (m²)

10.00 x 4.66 = 46.60 m²

AREA OF FAÇADE EXPOSED TO

9.5 x 3.5 = 33.25 m²

SUNLIGHT (m²) AREA OF SKYLIGHT

0

EXPOSED FAÇADE & SKYLIGHT

(33.25 + 0) / 46.60

AREA TO FLOOR AREA

= 0.71

RATIO/DAYLIGHT FACTOR

= 71% x 0.1 = 7.1%

Natural Illumination Calculation ILLUMINANCE (LUX)

EXAMPLE

120 000

VERY BRIGHT SUNLIGHT

110 000

BRIGHT SUNLIGHT

20 000

CLEAR SKY

1 000 – 2 000

OVERCAST DAY

400

SUNRISE/SUNSET

<200

MIDDAY

40

FULLY OVERCAST

<1

SUNSET, STORM

External = 20 000 lux (Clear Sky) DF = E_internal/E_external x 100% = (7.1 x 20 000) / 100 = 1420 lux

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Conclusion The gift shop has a daylight factor of 7.1% and natural illumination of 1420 lux. Based on the requirements set by MS1525, the space is well lit by natural daylight due to the reason that both the values have exceed the required levels. However, during intense times of the day the light can become very uncomfortable especially at the immediate area that is hugging the glass wall. Therefore, a faรงade system of horizontal louvres that is either wood of steel in materials is designed to provide the sufficient amounts of sunlight and daylight and at the same tie provide thermal and illuminance comfort when it becomes too intense for normal human comfort levels.

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1.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL Because of the nature of activities that will be held in the gift shop and the fact that it is located at a prime public location, it is important that the space is well illuminated at all times of the day. This is why artificial lighting is still needed in spite of the fact that the space sits next to the outdoors. Based on MS 1525, the required lux level for a gift shop or similarly functioning space is 300-400 lux.

Lumen Method Calculation Type of luminaire proposed: TYPE OF FIXTURE

RECESSED LED LUMINAIRE

TYPE OF MODEL

COMPANY

PHILIPS

GEOMETRY

0.6m x 0.6m

LUMEN (lm)

3100

WATT

26

COLOR

WHITE

DESIGNATION

7

DIMENSION OF ROOM (L x W)

10.00 x 4.66

FLOOR AREA (A)

46.60 m²

HEIGHT OF CEILING (m)

3.5

LUMEN (lux)

3100

HEIGHT OF LUMINAIRE (m)

3.5

HEIGHT OF WORK LEVEL (m)

0.8

MOUNTING HEIGHT (Hm)

2.7

REFLECTION FACTORS

CEILING = 0.7 WALL = 0.5 FLOOR = 0.2

ROOM INDEX/RI (K)

10.00 x 4.66 / 2.7 x (10.00 + 4.66) = 1.18

UTILISATION FACTOR (UF)

0.40

MAINTENANCE FACTOR (MF)

0.80

NUMBER OF LAMPS REQUIRED

N = 300 x 46.60/ 3100 x (0.4x0.8) = 14.09 = 14

SPACING TO HEIGHT RATIO (SHR)

SHR = 1/Hm X √A/N = 1/2.7 X √46.60/14 = 0.67 SHR = S/2.7 = 0.67 S = 2.7 x 0.67 = 1.81

FITTINGS LAYOUT

FITTINGS REQUIRED = 10.00/1.81 =5.52 = 6 ROWS NUMBER OF LAMPS = 14/6 IN EACH ROW

= 2.33 = 3 LAMPS

SPACING ALONG

= 4.66/3

WALL

= 1.55m

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Fitting Layout

Figure 1.3 Proposed Fitting Layout of Gift Shop.

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Conclusion The gift shop is arranged with 3 rows of 6 recessed LED luminaires to achieve the MS 1525 requirement of a minimum of 300 Lux for the gift shop space. This sufficient illuminance will allow for work to be done efficiently and properly.

1.3 PSALI Based on the calculations and light contour analysis the 18 total luminaires in the gift shop can be controlled using two switches. The first switch controls the 2 rows of luminaires closest to the faรงade as the amount of daylight that penetrates into the gift shop is in the zone of these two rows. Hence, when there is not sufficient daylighting the switch is able to turn on instantly and light up the affected area. The second switch that controls the single row of luminaires will be able to light up even though the other 2 is not as the inner space might be less bright than the outer portion of the room.

Figure 1.4 Proposed Reflected Ceiling Plan and Switch Arrangement.

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2.0 LIGHTING CALCULATION (SPACE B) 2.1 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS Space B that has been selected for study is the Quiet Zone that is located on the first floor, facing westwards of the building. It is located in a secluded and quiet area but is easily accessible to the public for use. The floor height of this space is roughly 3.5 metres and the purpose for the space being so close to the faรงade is to maximise the use of natural daylighting which enhances the reading and relaxing experience of the user when in the space.

Figure 2.1 First Floor Plan Indicating Location of Quiet Zone.

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Figure 2.2 Zoomed In Plan and Light Contour Of Ecotect Analysis Diagram of The Quiet Zone.

Based on MS 1525, the Daylighting factor distributions are stated as on the table below; ZONE

DAYLIGHT FACTOR (%)

DISTRIBUTION

VERY BRIGHT

>6

TOO BRIGHT WITH THERMAL AND GLARE PROBLEMS

BRIGHT

3-6

GOOD

AVERAGE

1-3

FAIR

DARK

0-1

POOR 12

Daylighting Factor Calculation FLOOR AREA (m²)

10.80 x 5.00 = 54.00 m²

AREA OF FAÇADE

EXPOSED TO 4.5 x 3.5 = 15.75 m²

SUNLIGHT (m²) AREA OF SKYLIGHT EXPOSED AREA

FAÇADE TO

0 &

SKYLIGHT

FLOOR

(15.75 + 0) / 54.00

AREA = 0.29

RATIO/DAYLIGHT FACTOR

= 29% x 0.1 = 2.9%

Natural Illumination Calculation ILLUMINANCE (LUX)

EXAMPLE

120 000

VERY BRIGHT SUNLIGHT

110 000

BRIGHT SUNLIGHT

20 000

CLEAR SKY

1 000 – 2 000

OVERCAST DAY

400

SUNRISE/SUNSET

<200

MIDDAY

40

FULLY OVERCAST

<1

SUNSET, STORM

External = 20 000 lux (Clear Sky) DF = E_internal/E_external x 100% = (2.9 x 20 000) / 100 = 580 lux

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Conclusion The quiet has a daylight factor of 2.9% and natural illumination of 580 lux. Based on the requirements set by MS1525, the space is well lit by natural daylight. It is also not too intense that it creates a thermal zone that is uncomfortable or unbearable on the wall that faces the faรงade. This makes the amount of light, the luminance intensity and thermal intensity remain at suitable levels for comfortable usage for a space that requires and focuses on comfort such as the quiet zone.

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2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL Because of the nature of activities that will be held in the quiet zone, it is important that the space is well illuminated at all times of the day. This is why artificial lighting is still needed in spite of the fact that the space sits next to the outdoors. Based on MS 1525, the required lux level for the area or similarly functioning space is 300-500 lux.

Although that it is explicitly stated that a lounge only requires 150 lux in MS 1525, the activities in the quiet zone that is aimed to be used as include reading of casual books and materials, hence the lux requirements of a library is used instead.

Lumen Method Calculation Type of luminaire proposed: TYPE OF FIXTURE

RECESSED LED LUMINAIRE

TYPE OF MODEL

COMPANY

PHILIPS

GEOMETRY

0.6m x 0.6m

LUMEN (lm)

3100

WATT

26

COLOR DESIGNATION

YELLOW

15

DIMENSION OF ROOM (L x W)

10.80 x 5.00

FLOOR AREA (A)

54.00 m²

HEIGHT OF CEILING (m)

3.5

LUMEN (lux)

3100

HEIGHT OF LUMINAIRE (m)

3.5

HEIGHT OF WORK LEVEL (m)

0.8

MOUNTING HEIGHT (Hm)

2.7

REFLECTION FACTORS

CEILING = 0.7 WALL = 0.5 FLOOR = 0.2

ROOM INDEX/RI (K)

10.80 x 5.00 / 2.7 x (10.80 + 5.00) = 1.27

UTILISATION FACTOR (UF)

0.40

MAINTENANCE FACTOR (MF)

0.80

NUMBER OF LAMPS REQUIRED

N = 300 x 54.00/ 3100 x (0.4x0.8) = 16.33 = 17

SPACING TO HEIGHT RATIO (SHR)

SHR = 1/Hm X √A/N = 1/2.7 X √54.00/17 = 0.65 SHR = S/2.7 = 0.65 S = 2.7 x 0.65 = 1.76

FITTINGS LAYOUT

FITTINGS REQUIRED = 10.80/1.76 = 6.13 = 7 ROWS NUMBER OF LAMPS = 17/7 IN EACH ROW

= 2.42 = 3 LAMPS

SPACING ALONG

= 5.00/3

WALL

= 1.67m

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Fitting Layout

Figure 2.3 Proposed Fitting Layout of The Quiet Zone.

Conclusion The quiet zone is arranged with 3 rows of 7 recessed LED luminaires to achieve the MS 1525 requirement of a minimum of 300 Lux for the space. This sufficient illumination will allow the space to be used according to the designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision and specifications as intended.

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2.3 PSALI Based on the calculations and light contour analysis the 21 total luminaires in the quiet zone can be controlled using four switches. The first switch controls the outer 2 most rows of luminaires closest to the faรงade as the amount of daylight that penetrates into the gift shop is most intense in these two rows. Hence, when there is not sufficient daylighting the switch is able to turn on instantly and light up the affected area. The second switch controls the next 2 rows of luminaires while the third switch serves the next 2, and a single light source on the seventh row that is due to the reason that the space requires only one light. Finally the fourth switch controls the remaining 2 luminaries on the seventh row that is placed outside the quiet zone area but still within the boundary of the entire space.

Figure 2.4 Proposed Reflected Ceiling Plan and Switch Arrangement.

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REFERENCES 1) "Brightness, Luminance, And Contrast - 4Ourth Mobile Design Pattern Library".

4ourth.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

2) "Daylight Factor". New-learn.info. N.p., 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

3) "Daylight Factor | Daylighting Pattern Guide". Patternguide.advancedbuildings.net.

N.p., 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

4) "Ecotect Fundamentals Videos | Sustainability Workshop".

Sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

5) "How To Get Started With Luminance". CNET. N.p., 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

6) "Lux Level â&#x20AC;&#x201C; M&E Engineer Guide". Malaysiaengineer.wordpress.com. N.p., 2016.

Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

7) "Petaling Street In Chinatown - Bargain Hunterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S Paradise". kuala-lumpur.ws.

N.p., 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

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