CONTENTS
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Supporting Mining Through Aerial Surveys. Aerial Imagery Products Digital Elevation Products LIDAR Derived Products 3D Modelling Products Mine Windrow Analysis
CONTACT US
SUPPORTING MINING THROUGH AERIAL SURVEYS. Imagery, LIDAR & 3D Models
Aerometrex is a professional aerial mapping business, specialising in aerial imagery, photogrammetry, LiDAR, 3D modelling and aerial imagery subscription service, MetroMap. Established in 1980, the company operates across Australia with global presence in USA, NZ, and Europe. Products & Services: Aerial Imagery and Mapping 3 band and 4 band orthoimagery derived from aerial captures (scale-corrected and geo-referenced) Digital Elevation Models Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), Digital Surface Models (DSMs), and digitised 3D feature data for GIS Aerial LIDAR Advanced aerial surveying technique which accurately maps the ground surface using airborne lasers 3D Modelling Derived from oblique aerial photographs, it offers 3D models of the highest resolution (2cm pixel) and absolute accuracy (5cm in the XY & Z dimensions) Key Applications in Mining: Stockpile volume calculations Environmental monitoring Engineering survey mapping Windrow / Safety Bund / Berm Analysis
Rehab vegetation surveys Corridor & Exploration Mapping Feature extraction and Change Detection Why Aerometrex: High data quality: Great resolution, colour balance consistency, low imagery artefacts and seamless modelling and classification of the ground surface using LIDAR Great accuracy: highest government, industry and surveying standards for quantitative applications such as measurement, artificial intelligence (AI) derived information extraction and change detection Quick Delivery: Up to 3 day turn-around time for key mine site surveys; ideal for stockpile volume calculations Competitive Pricing: With our extensive survey coverage and self-run aviation operations, we are able to offer our clients highly competitive pricing High standards of customer service: Professional, timely and accurate advice by a team which is known for catering to client requirements Experienced People: With a production-hardened workforce of over 100 staff, considerable ‘know-how’ and intellectual property has been accumulated by Aerometrex and is in daily use by its staff 3
AERIAL IMAGERY PRODUCTS The key products from our airborne surveys using fixed wing aircrafts are aerial imagery and orthophotography (scale-corrected 2D aerial imagery maps). This imagery is available in both 3-band (RGB) as well as 4-band (RGB + Near Infrared). High-resolution orthophotos and value-added data through feature extraction provides information for engineering design applications and reduces the number of ground surveys and disruptions to operations, thus saving time and money. Our 4-band imagery offers the added benefit of near-infrared imagery which provides information relative to the surrounding vegetation. This is especially useful to assess environmental impact and monitor the short and long term impact of mining activities.
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3 BAND IMAGERY 5
4 BAND (RGBI) 6
EMBOSSED IMAGE
3 BAND
(RGB)
The 3-band RGB orthophoto is widely used in GIS. It is the most cost-effective map product to obtain precise georeferenced information in a 2D environment.
4 BAND
(RGB + NIR)
Our 4-band imagery offers the added benefit of nearinfrared imagery which provides information relative to the surrounding vegetation. This is especially useful to assess environmental impact and monitor the short and long term impact of mining activities.
EMBOSSED IMAGE 3 BAND (RGB)
The embossed image is a 2D rectified, hill shaded product that provides a good indication of ground terrain. This product can be used as a substitute for imagery to allow visualization of the ground. 7
DIGITAL ELEVATION PRODUCTS Aerometrex offers Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), Digital Surface Models (DSMs), and digitised 3D feature data for Geographic Information Systems. These can be generated through Imagery or LiDAR data. Large area digital elevation models help geologists analyse surface features and predict underground deposits during the exploration phase. Digital surface models are particularly useful for volumetric calculation such as stockpile estimation and change-detection over quarries. They can also help assess a mine’s resource extent and plan stripping operations to quantify development costs.
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DTM 9
DSM 10
DTM
DSM
(DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL)
Digital Surface Models are georeferenced regular grid datasets representing the first reflected surface detected by the sensor and will include surface features such as vegetation and man-made objects.
DTM
(DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL)
A true representation of the bare earth surface is depicted once non-ground points are removed from the dataset. Filtered DTM can be delivered in las, xyz, dxf, dwg, csv or any other client requested format.
CONTOURS CONTOURS
Contours are automatically generated from the bare earth surface model produced from a LiDAR survey. Contour intervals can be determined by the client and is dependent on the requested vertical accuracy. 11
LIDAR DERIVED PRODUCTS Our airborne LIDAR surveys help create detailed 3D point clouds of mine sites (colourised or classified) as well as generate other 3D-derived datasets. LIDAR offers a fast, effect and highly accurate solution and vital data layer serving many purposes over the life of a mine. Some of these include: - Planning of site infrastructure, such as access roads, plant sites and support buildings - Supporting flood management through hydrological studies and optimising dam sites for the mine’s ongoing operations - Supporting the design and maintenance of embankments using engineering studies derived from LIDAR data - Building a baseline archive of the site before operations start, to record current landscape and features such as canopy definition, to support mine rehabilitation plans at the end of the mine site’s life. LIDAR surveys provide more accurate volume calculations than what can be achieved by traditional surveying methods and significantly reduce the health and safety risks associated with having personnel on-site. Aerometrex can typically provide volume calculations within three days of an aerial survey. For open cut mines, LIDAR can provide a comprehensive three dimensional model of the entire mine site. Engineers and project managers can utilise this model to monitor the site through time and show how the mine has expanded, providing an important historical perspective and prove to be an asset when it comes time for site restoration. 12
3D POINT CLOUD 13
COLOURISED 14
CLASSIFIED
3D POINT CLOUDS LiDAR Point Clouds are a collection of points which contain X,Y and Z values. X – Eastings, Y – Northings and Z – Height Coordinates represent the shape of the surface and environment as a 3D model.
COLOURISED LiDAR point clouds can be colourized with imagery where each LiDAR point includes three band pixel values. A colourized point cloud is particularly useful for 3D visualization for mining consultation and site planning.
CLASSIFIED VOLUME ANALYSIS
LiDAR point clouds are usually ‘classified’. Classification refers to tagging each point in the point cloud with the object it identifies (i.e. vegetation, buildings, road surface etc). 15
3D MODELLING PRODUCTS Aerometrex has developed a sophisticated 3D modelling and mapping system derived from oblique aerial photographs. It offers 3D models of the highest resolution (up to 2cm pixel) and absolute accuracy (5cm in the XY & Z dimensions) derived from aerial platforms aircrafts & helicopters. 3D mesh models are used to capture mining and quarry sites including undercut and vertical structures. 3D change can be performed using multi-captures as well as volume analysis. Such models form a useful 3D base dataset to extract critical 3D information and improve the planning and management of quarries and mine sites. 3D models are especially useful for accurate measurement of stockpile volumes, 3D rockface analysis, progress monitoring, and to communicate complex information in 3D to various stakeholders.
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3D MODEL 17
3D MODEL 18
3D WIRE FRAME
3D APPLICATIONS Aerometrex 3D models are being used in mining and infrastructure projects delivering a broad range of applications and benefits: - 3D Rock Face Analysis - Stockpile Volume Calculation - Mine Site Progress Monitoring - Stakeholder Visual Consultation - 3D Change Detection & Analysis
3D MODEL 19
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MINE WINDROW ANALYSIS This tool is designed to enhance windrow monitoring. Given only a 2D road centreline and a recent LiDAR dataset, the tool creates profiles at set intervals and scans each profile for elevation changes, testing them for criteria matching windrow tops and toes. Key metrics including height, width, and slope are calculated from these points. Each profile is classified using pass or fail criteria and attributed with calculated values. The tool relies on a simple arrangement of rise-overrun analysis over perpendicular hairs to detect slope changes. These are then filtered further to check for potential windrow and mini-windrow shapes. This output is taken through a quick result sampling (to check detection success) and reporting is run using client parameters. Aerometrex provides clients a full report that includes a brief, shapefile attribute key, and images. Additionally, the company provides shapefiles of: Road segments - a newly calculated adjusted centreline for the road, broken into interval segments, with elevation and slope information for each segment. Windrow lines - contains elevated lines for each windrow including width, height, and compliance Road profiles - contains elevated lines for each road section (road edge to road edge, exclusive of any mini windrows detected), with road width information and compliance (plus some other beta information) 21
51-53 Glynburn Rd, Glynde SA 5070 08 8362 9911 info@aerometrex.com.au www.aerometrex.com.au 22
