Contents 10
6
Letter from the President
8. AES VALUES
12. AES Dominicana Background
Units
16. Fuel Reception Facilities
19. Energy Balance 20. Capacity Balance
Wholesale Electric Market
20 Non Regulated Users
23. Fuel Inventory and Consumption
24. Fuel Imports 25. Operational Indicators
26. Relevant Events
40
30. Brief History of
31. Generation 36. Transmission 36. Electricity
41. Electricity Spot
the Dominican Electric Sector
Distribution
AES Dominicana
13. Profile of the Group 14. Power Generations
28
37. Energy Balance 38. Capacity Balance 39. Maximum Demand
40. Energy Supply by Fuel Type
International Fuel Prices
Price
42. Capacity Spot Price and Connection Right
43. Frequency
46
Annual Statistics
48. Installed
Capacity
Regulation Service
49. Energy Balance 49. Maximum
Users Market
50. Electricity Spot
44. Non Regulated 45. Contract Market
Demand
Price
51. International Fuel Prices
53. Total System
Interruptions 2000-2010
54 Attachments
Letter from the President “A year of sustainable operational advances through process improvements as AES continues its focus on operational excellence�
AES Dominicana is pleased to present its 2010 Statistical Report, which includes: operations performance, business model by line of business and electric market composition. The name of AES Dominicana encompasses the companies of Dominican Power Partners (DPP), AES ANDRES, both 100% owned by AES Corporation, and ITABO S.A., of which AES owns 50% of its equity. We describe year 2010 as a year of sustainable operational advances through process improvements as AES continues its focus on operational excellence. In summary, three key points which stood out during 2010 are: Revenue Assurance, Performance Management and Organizational Climate. During 2010, AES Dominicana maintained a leadership position in the national electricity industry with an average contribution of 39% of all energy that was demanded in the National Interconnected Electric System (SENI). AES Dominicana has been a key component to the diversification of fuel type composition of electric sector in the Dominican Republic, after introducing natural gas for the generation of electricity and reestablishing, in an efficient manner, the production of electricity using mineral coal, both fuels have become the most competitive and resourceful of all those used in the local market.
Marco De la Rosa
As you may realize, AES Dominicana has been able to convert opportunities into success stories, exercising a leadership role in the electric power sector and becoming an engine for development of the Dominican Republic.
Marco De la Rosa AES Dominicana president
AES Values
What does this mean? Put Safety First: We will always put safety first for our people, contractors and communities.
The AES people • • • • •
Put Safety First Act with Integrity Honor Commitments Strive for Excellence Have Fun through Work
Act with Integrity: We are honest, trustworthy and dependable. Integrity is at the core of all we do, how we conduct ourselves and how we interact with one another and all of our stakeholders. Honor Commitments: We honor our commitments to our customers, teammates, communities, owners, suppliers and partners, and we want our businesses on the whole, to make a positive contribution to society. Strive for Excellence: We strive to be the best in all that we do and to perform at world-class levels. Have Fun through Work: We work because work can be fun, fulfilling and exciting. We enjoy our work and appreciate the fun of being part of a team that is making a difference.
AES Dominicana
1
AES DOMINICANA
AES Dominicana Background
Profile of the Group
AES invested for the first time in the Dominican Republic in 1997 when, within the context of a merger that involved the Destec companies and NGC, AES decided to acquire from NGC international assets owned by Destec, which included DPP and other related companies. DPP is the owner of the generation units of Los Mina V and Los Mina VI, two open cycle gas turbines of 118 MW each, which are described below in this report.
AES began operations in the Dominican Republic with the intent to provide value to the national energy market and contribute to the development of the communities where it serves.
From May of 1996 until August of 2001, DPP operated under the Independent Private Producer scheme, selling all of its production to La Corporación Dominicana de Electricidad (CDE). Then, after an agreement between DPP and CDE, the contract between both parties was cancelled and a new electricity sale arrangement was established between DPP and EDEESTE, which included a back-up contract with the CDE. In the year 2000 AES confirmed its commitment to the long term development of the Dominican Republic by constructing AES ANDRES. The project included a combined cycle with 319 MW, a liquefied natural gas terminal and a gas pipeline towards the DPP power station. In December of 2000, AES takes another important step, when it acquires the assets of GENER, obtaining a participation of 25% in the ITABO power plant. Since May 1st, 2003, Dominican Power Partners operates to supply its electricity sale contract with EDEESTE, selling its excess generation and buying what it needs on the spot market.
Today, AES Dominicana is positioned as the principal investment group in the Dominican electric sector, with modern facilities for energy production and with the most competitive fuels for power generation in the national electric sector. AES Dominicana has two deep-sea port infrastructures; Itabo’s International Pier, to download the coal used for electricity production and AES Andres’ International Pier, to download the liquefied natural gas used for electricity production. It also has, in its AES Andres’ facilities, the first terminal intended for the distribution of liquefied natural gas in specialized trucks. As a business group, AES Dominicana combines a global perspective with deep local knowledge and a relentless commitment to operational excellence. There has been a consistent pattern of improvement year after year in generation and efficiency. AES serves as a model to the rest of the players in the electric sector, by displaying the best practices of corporate governance within the electric industry in the Dominican Republic. AES Dominicana supports the growth of its business by standing upon a strong foundation composed of its code of conduct, corporate social responsibility, environmental care and its people, which are the most valuable resources.
In the year 2003, AES ANDRES began its operations becoming the most efficient power station of Latin America and representing a jump towards sustainable development for the country using clean energy. At this time, it improved the strategic position of the country that formerly depended 90% on petroleum derivatives to supply its electricity needs.
12
13
Statistical Report 2010
AES Dominicana
In the year 2006, AES Dominicana acquires another 25% of the ITABO equity, which were property of El Paso. Then AES becomes the owner of the 50% of ITABO’s equity and therefore takes the control of the operative and administrative areas.
Power Generations Units
DPP
Technical details of AES Dominicana power generation units. Installed Capacity: 2 x 118 MW Technology: Gas Turbine Primary Fuel: Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Commercial Operation Date: 19 de mayo del 1996 Manufacturer: Westinghouse Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Turbine Stages: Four (4) Compressor Stages: Fourteen (14) Outlet Gas Temperature: 630 ºC Generator Nominal Capacity: 2 x 142 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Speed: 3,600 rpm Generator Cooling System: Air Advantages: Fast Manufacture and Installation and Low Environmental Impact
ITABO I
14
Installed Capacity: 319 MW Technology: Combined Cycle Primary Fuel: Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Commercial Operation Date: December 2nd, 2003 Gas Turbine Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Gas Turbine Capacity: 198 MW Gas Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Inlet Heat Recovery Steam Generator Temperature: 610 ºC Gas Turbine Generator Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Gas Turbine Generator Nominal Capacity: 218.5 MVA Gas Turbine Generator Nominal Voltage: 18 kV Gas Turbine Generator Cooling System: Air Steam Turbine Manufacturer: Hitachi Steam Turbine Capacity: 121 MW Steam Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Steam Pressure: 124 kg/cm² Steam Temperature: 568 ºC Steam Turbine Generator Manufacturer: Siemens Steam Turbine Generator Nominal Capacity: 134 MVA Steam Turbine Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Steam Turbine Generator Cooling System: Air Advantages: Low Environmental Impact and More Energetic Efficiency
ITABO II Installed Capacity: 132 MW Technology: Steam Turbine Primary Fuel: Mineral Coal Secondary Fuel: Fuel Oil 6 Tertiary Fuel: Fuel Oil 2 Commercial Operation Date: Mayo 10th, 1988 Turbine Manufacturer: General Electric Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm
Steam Pressure: 146 kg/cm² Steam Temperature: 540 ºC Generator Manufacturer: General Electric Generator Nominal Capacity: 155.3 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Cooling System: Hydrogen Advantages: Provides Economic Base Electricity Generation
15
Statistical Report 2010
AES Dominicana
AES ANDRES
Installed Capacity: 128 MW Technology: Steam Turbine Primary Fuel: Mineral Coal Secondary Fuel: Fuel Oil 6 Tertiary Fuel: Fuel Oil 2 Commercial Operation Date: July 17th, 1984 Turbine Manufacturer: Brown Bovery Company Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Steam Pressure: 141 kg/cm² Steam Temperature: 535 ºC Generator Manufacturer: Foster Wheeler Generator Nominal Capacity: 150.6 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Cooling System: Hydrogen Advantages: Provides Economic Base Electricity Generation
AES ANDRES– DPP Natural Gas Pipeline
In addition to the LNG Terminal, a natural gas pipeline was built in order to supply natural gas to the DPP power units, improving its efficiency and competitiveness.
AES ITABO International Pier
The International Pier of AES ITABO, is located in the coastal area of the AES ITABO power plant. The geographical coordinates are: Kilometer 18 of the Sanchez Highway in the municipality of Bajos de Haina in the province of San Cristobal. The pier is located next to the western port of Haina (Latitude 18 º 40’ 29” N; Longitude 70º 02’ 5” W), approximately 8 kilometers southwest of Santo Domingo’s western quadrant. The pier is limited to the north by a neighborhood known as “El Gringo”, to the south by the country’s major oil refinery, to the east by the Caribbean Sea and to the West by a neighborhood known as “El Caliche”.
Fuel Reception Facilities AES ANDRES’s International Pier
Technical Details: Length: 34 km Pipe Diameter: 12 inches Max Pressure: 100 bar Average Pressure: 50 bar Control Valves Station: Eight (8)
AES ANDRES Power Station is located at the Boca Chica community, just fifteen (15) minutes from Santo Domingo. The power station has a pier and a terminal for liquid natural gas unloading and it also has the capacity to receive other liquid fuels.
16
17
Statistical Report 2010
AES Dominicana
Inside the facility, the terminal has an unloading ship system that consists of three (3) arms with an unloading capacity of 10,000 m3 per hour. It also has a double wall cryogenic tank with the capacity to store 160,000 m3. In addition the terminal has a re-gasification system with the capacity to convert 250,000 MMBTU per day. Finally, it has a boil-off security system to handle the gases of the cryogenic tank in order to keep the atmospheric pressure.
Since the year 2006, the AES ITABO International pier has been operating a reception point for mineral coal, which is utilized in the vapor units of AES ITABO, adding a greater degree of autonomy to the process and improved costs efficiencies in transportation costs of coal to the plant. The pier’s shape drives it into the sea with a total length of 535 metros. The pier has a system to transport solids with capacity to load and unload bulk products. In addition, it has a mooring system with six (6) dukes, four of which serve for the ship’s arrival and two serve for the ship’s engagement to the pier. The pier also has a signal system for the approaching vessels which are located in two towers with adjacent lamps, in the water lighting tracks and duke lighting systems as well. Main Characteristics: • • •
Fourteen (14) meters depth: Enables the docking of vessels like Handymax (45,000 mt) and Panamax (65,000 mt). Auto-discharging vessels required. Discharge Capacity of 1,200 metric tones per hour.
New Lines of Business Re-gasified Natural Gas Sale Business
In the year 2005, AES ANDRES signed its first natural gas supply agreement with LINEA CLAVE. This local distribution company is responsible for distributing re-gasified natural gas by trucks. The natural gas supply to Linea Clave initiated in 2007. LINEA CLAVE has its station next to AES ANDRES power station. There, the natural gas is compressed to high pressures and stored in special containers. Then, it is transported by trucks to its final destination.
Liquid Natural Gas Sale Business
Once again AES Dominicana marks the direction of the electric sector in the Dominican Republic, this time by constructing the first distribution terminal of liquid natural gas not in the Dominican Republic, being it also the first in the region. This factor adds value to the overall strategy of contribute to the evolution of the national energy matrix by migrating to lower cost fuels as is the case of natural gas, which has become the most important contributor to reach this objective. The loading station is located inside the AES ANDRES LNG terminal at Punta Caucedo and includes two areas for the reception of trucks, each with a filling valve. It has a capacity to simultaneously load two 45 cubic meter trucks at a loading rate of 68 cubic meters per hour per truck. The space is designed for the construction of two additional reception areas in the future.
18
The table below details the monthly balance of the AES Dominicana companies for the year 2010, which covers energy production, energy purchase and energy sales either through contracts or through spot market transactions. AES Dominican Republic Energy Balance 2010 [GWh] AES ANDRES CONTRACT SALES EDENORTE EDEESTE EDESUR DPP ITABO SEABOARD UNR CONTRACT PURCHASES ITABO SPOT SALES/(SPOT PURCHASES) ANDRES PRODUCTION AES ITABO CONTRACT SALES EDESUR EDENORTE EDEESTE CDEEE ANDRES UNR CONTRACT PURCHASES ANDRES MONTERIO FALCONDO SPOT SALES/(SPOT PURCHASES) ITABO PRODUCTION DPP CONTRACT SALES EDEESTE CONTRACT PURCHASES ANDRES SPOT SALES/(SPOT PURCHASES) DPP PRODUCTION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
2010
22.3 23.4 52.6 8.2 1.2 32.7
17.7 21.3 3.5 31.9 29.0 1.3 37.1
30.5 25.1 30.2 9.9 7.7 2.1 41.8
29.5 25.3 28.5 17.6 6.7 2.3 39.3
30.5 27.3 29.6 19.0 3.0 2.6 42.3
10.1 25.7 12.0 44.9 7.4 3.1 41.6
10.4 27.1 12.5 4.5 60.0 3.3 44.8
10.4 28.4 12.5 2.4 63.9 3.2 45.8
34.2 26.2 32.9 5.3 18.1 2.9 48.3
35.3 26.9 34.1 1.5 7.7 2.9 49.4
34.2 23.8 32.9 12.0 5.4 2.8 49.6
35.3 24.2 32.4 3.9 6.2 2.8 43.7
300.6 304.8 261.3 205.5 223.2 30.3 516.4
0.5 40.6 180.5
33.8 175.7
8.1 3.8 143.0
1.9 33.7 181.2
0.7 30.9 184.4
1.7 33.3 176.4
20.1 182.7
21.3 187.9
0.1 (0.7) 167.1
0.2 30.4 188.1
1.8 10.3 169.2
2.6 13.1 159.0
17.6 270.6 2,095.1
59.9 41.9 23.4 35.3 0.5 0.2
56.3 39.0 21.3 24.3 0.2
63.7 44.2 25.1 18.8 8.1 0.2
63.7 43.9 25.3 29.4 1.9 0.2
68.1 47.3 27.3 39.8 0.7 0.2
64.0 46.5 25.7 37.2 1.7 0.3
69.1 50.3 27.1 41.1 0.3
70.7 50.9 28.4 37.8 0.3
66.9 48.2 26.2 36.5 0.1 0.2
69.3 50.1 26.9 37.9 0.2 0.2
62.7 43.0 23.8 40.3 1.8 0.2
62.4 44.7 24.2 44.2 2.6 0.2
776.8 550.2 304.8 422.5 17.6 2.8
8.2 9.7 35.3 28.9 136.7
29.0 20.3 24.3 30.0 97.6
7.7 6.5 18.8 22.4 149.6
6.7 12.0 29.4 14.6 130.8
3.0 16.1 39.8 9.3 134.0
7.4 18.9 37.1 3.9 116.0
60.0 19.2 41.1 (8.6) 58.9
63.9 23.1 37.8 (7.6) 55.7
18.1 21.1 36.5 (12.4) 90.1
7.7 9.7 37.9 9.8 139.2
5.4 6.6 40.3 8.8 128.3
6.2 5.8 44.2 9.7 131.8
223.2 169.0 422.4 108.8 1,368.7
98.2
89.6
105.6
106.3
114.6
108.0
113.6
119.1
110.0
113.0
100.2
101.8
1,280.0
52.6 0.0 45.6
31.9 0.0 57.7
9.9 16.9 112.6
17.6 11.7 100.3
19.0 7.9 103.5
44.9 2.1 65.2
4.5 10.1 119.3
2.4 11.1 127.8
5.3 11.3 116.0
1.5 15.2 126.6
12.0 15.0 103.2
3.9 22.9 120.8
205.5 124.2 1,198.7
Below we will mention the most relevant aspects that we consider occurred in the Electricity Wholesale Market between AES Dominicana and some agents in the market.
AES ANDRES
In the month of February, a new short term contract was signed with EdeSur to sell electricity, and the contract with EdeNorte was continued. In addition, an important increase in Non Regulated User sales occurred during the year. AES Andres experienced its peak historic annual generation of (2,095.1 GWh).
AES ITABO
During the year 2010, the contract to sell energy to CDEEE through the units of Falcondo remained intact, in an effort to increase the generation of the Northern portion of the country. The energy transactions with the units of Falcondo are administered in the electric Wholesale market by AES Itabo. In addition, the back-up contracts with AES Andres and Monterio were also upheld.
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Statistical Report 2010
AES Dominicana
AES Dominicana continues its commercial relationships with different local distributors which are responsible for the physical distribution of LNG throughout the country. These are: LINEA CLAVE, SOLUCIONES DE GAS NATURAL, PLATER GAS, PROPAGAS y TROPIGAS.
Energy Balance
DPP
The contract whereby DPP sells electricity to EdeEste was upheld. Likewise, DPP also maintains a back-up contract with AES Andres. During the year 2010, a reduction in the purchases of electricity from AES Andres can be observed, at times in which DPP becomes a base operating power plant. In the year 2010, DPP has a historic peak generation based on natural gas of (1,198.7 GWh).
Capacity Balance The following table shows the capacity balance of AES Dominicana’s power stations during 2010, indicating the firm capacity assigned during each month, the purchase and sale of contracted capacity and the spot balance. AES Dominican Republic Capacity Balance 2010 [MW] JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
AES ANDRES Contract Capacity Sales Firm Capacity Contract Capacity Purchase Spot Sale / (Spot Purchase)
282.55 247.72 (34.83)
283.98 241.35 (42.63)
284.21 248.75 (35.46)
284.40 246.67 (37.73)
AES ITABO Contract Capacity Sales Firm Capacity Contract Capacity Purchase Spot Sale / (Spot Purchase)
250.15 225.87 (24.28)
250.15 225.86 (24.29)
250.15 225.84 (24.31)
250.15 225.86 (24.29)
DPP Contract Capacity Sales Firm Capacity Contract Capacity Purchase Spot Sale / (Spot Purchase)
210.00 210.00 22.58 21.99 (187.42) 188.01) -
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
2010
286.13 286.23 239.75 239.40 (46.38) (46.83)
287.40 239.58 (47.82)
290.69 240.15 (50.54)
294.13 241.77 (52.36)
292.94 254.02 (38.92)
296.65 240.43 (56.23)
294.01 242.85 (51.17)
288.61 243.54 (45.07)
250.15 225.86 (24.29)
250.15 225.86 (24.29)
250.15 225.86 (24.29)
250.15 225.84 (24.31)
250.15 225.84 (24.31)
250.15 225.85 (24.30)
250.15 225.86 (24.29)
250.15 225.86 (24.30)
250.15 225.86 (24.29)
210.00 210.00 210.00 210.00 210.00 210.00 210.00 210.00 210.00 22.67 22.48 21.84 21.81 21.83 21.88 22.02 23.27 22.48 187.33) (187.52) (188.16) (188.19) (188.17) (188.12) (187.98) (186.73) (187.52) -
210.00 210.00 22.76 22.30 187.24) (187.70) -
Non Regulated Users AES ANDRES continues strengthening its position in the Non-Regulated Users Market, with the support of a strategy based on competitive prices and quality services as aggregate value to the offering. AES Andres’s portfolio of energy distribution has been further diversified and collections of this segment has met target. The Commercial and Operations areas have further specialized their services with the focus of providing its customers with the required service levels. During the year 2010, (19) new contractual relationships were developed. These are: ALAMBRES DOMINICANOS, ARTICULOS DE PIEL, CARIBEAN INDUSTRIAL PARK, CESAR IGLESIAS, ENVASES ANTILLANOS, HIELOS NACIONALES, INDUVECA, LA FABRIL, LM INDUSTRIES, MULTICENTRO CHURCHILL, MULTIQUIMICA, OCEAN WORLD, PISANO, REFIDOMSA, SANITARIOS DOMINICANOS, TROQUEDOM, ZONA FRANCA LA VEGA, ZONA FRANCA SAN PEDRO DE MACORIS, ZONA FRANCA SANTIAGO all of which represent a monthly consumption of approximately 21 GWh. During the same period we also renewed the contracts with AERODOM BOCA CHICA, CORAL COSTA CARIBE, CORAL HAMACA, LADOM, LISTIN DIARIO, GRUPO MALLA, MULTICENTRO CHARLES DE GAULLE, MULTIFORM, PLASTIFAR, who already belonged to the portfolio of the AES ANDRES. Two Non Regulated Users continue their relationship with AES ANDRES.
DEMANDA ENERGIA UNR AES DOMINICANA 2010 (GWh)
AES ANDRES ALDOM ZF MULTIMODAL CAUCEDO ZF LAS AMERICAS BARCELÓ CAPELLA INCA - KM 22 TERMO ENVASES INCA - LA ISABELA LAFZID (PIISA) ZF SAN ISIDRO MOLINOS DEL OZAMA HOTEL JARAGUA MULTIFORM LADOM PLASTIFAR MALLA & CO. HAMACA BEACH RESORT MC CHARLES INVERSIONES COSTA CARIBE LISTÍN DIARIO CARREFOUR AERODOM ZF SPM MULTIQUIMICA TROQUEDOM LA FABRIL ENVASES ANTILLANOS HIELOS NACIONALES II INDUVECA ARTICULOS DE PIEL REFIDOMSA CESAR IGLESIAS ZF PISANO LM INDUSTRIES ALAMBRES DOMINICANOS ZF LA VEGA SADOSA CARIBBEAN INDUSTRIAL PARK MULTICENTRO CHURCHILL OCEAN WORLD ZF INDUSTRIAL SANTIAGO TOTAL AES ITABO QUITPE TOTAL
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
0.26 1.33
0.25 1.20
0.32 1.40
0.30 1.42
0.16 1.47
0.03 1.52
0.03 1.69
1.57
1.49
1.56
1.44
3.30 0.57 2.23 1.14 1.41 4.85 2.34 0.97 0.90 0.26 0.51 1.00 1.12 0.75 0.73 0.55
3.80 0.54 2.37 1.10 1.48 5.30 2.64 1.07 0.93 0.29 0.46 1.27 1.14 0.73 0.69 0.53
4.13 0.61 2.30 1.09 1.65 6.13 3.08 1.21 1.07 0.34 0.56 1.55 1.28 0.78 0.73 0.61
3.68 0.62 2.35 1.16 1.26 5.53 2.90 1.26 0.99 0.34 0.55 1.29 1.23 0.73 0.72 0.56
3.76 0.66 2.77 1.25 1.26 6.20 3.06 1.19 1.00 0.38 0.51 1.55 1.11 0.77 0.76 0.55
3.45 0.65 2.31 1.10 1.56 6.15 3.09 1.37 1.00 0.41 0.24 1.48 1.20 0.81 0.74 0.55
3.22 0.69 2.72 1.38 1.48 6.42 3.24 1.20 1.02 0.47 0.10 1.63 1.06 0.90 0.78 0.64
3.25 0.58 0.94 1.20 1.31 6.55 3.31 1.55 1.07 0.35 0.26 1.69 1.27 0.88 0.80 0.69
3.24 0.50 2.46 1.26 1.38 6.16 3.22 1.54 1.03 0.36 0.52 1.56 1.33 0.69 0.75 0.50
3.31 0.45 2.73 1.43 1.45 6.65 3.18 1.25 1.04 0.40 0.29 1.62 1.32 0.70 0.74 0.58
3.16 0.50 2.55 1.26 1.48 6.19 3.09 1.35 0.91 0.39 0.18 1.74 1.28 0.65 0.70 0.47
2.48 0.55 2.91 1.34 1.11 5.77 2.45 1.42 0.90 0.32 0.15 1.58 0.99 0.66 0.69 0.46
0.50 0.74 2.80 2.07 1.11 0.50 0.42 0.32
0.52 0.65 2.66 2.41 1.28 0.57 0.50 0.30 0.82 1.26 0.28
0.61 0.70 2.79 2.77 1.43 0.66 0.49 0.36 0.83 1.42 0.32 0.58
0.58 0.68 2.95 2.59 1.31 0.54 0.45 0.33 0.89 1.39 0.32 0.35
0.62 0.72 3.12 2.75 1.38 0.54 0.42 0.35 0.98 1.41 0.31 0.24 1.03
0.58 0.73 2.99 2.60 1.46 0.52 0.44 0.38 1.10 1.56 0.32 0.12 1.18
0.60 0.77 3.35 2.67 1.52 0.53 0.47 0.44 1.02 1.66 0.36 0.28 1.14 0.99 0.40
0.62 0.75 3.44 2.84 1.42 0.43 0.47 0.39 1.19 1.62 0.32 0.29 1.18 1.02 0.38 0.60
0.56 0.76 3.32 2.68 1.52 0.41 0.40 0.33 0.95 1.54 0.36 0.34 1.04 0.98 0.39 0.63
0.57 0.77 3.29 2.66 1.59 0.42 0.50 0.42 0.88 1.60 0.35 0.29 1.17 0.99 0.38 0.61
0.56 0.69 2.98 2.45 1.46 0.43 0.33 0.41 0.81 1.41 0.33 0.21 1.31 1.04 0.35 0.63
0.51 0.68 2.94 1.80 1.26 0.40 0.41 0.34 0.80 1.42 0.34 0.57 1.40 0.72 0.24 0.60
0.96 0.57
0.92 0.59 1.38
1.00 0.63 1.39
0.99 0.54 1.25
0.70 0.54 0.75
1.25
1.22
1.11
1.08 0.51 1.86 43.68
0.23 0.23
32.66
37.06
41.78
39.25
42.29
41.64
44.84
45.78
48.34
49.43
0.51 2.48 49.65
0.19 0.19
0.18 0.18
0.23 0.23
0.30 0.30
0.25 0.25
0.24 0.24
0.15 0.15
0.14 0.14
0.23 0.23
0.24 0.24
0.21 0.21
DEC
AES Dominicana
The following table shows AES ANDRES’s and AES ITABO’s non-regulated users’s consumption during 2010. 20
21
Statistical Report 2010
Towards the end of December 2010, the NRU portfolio of AES Dominicana consisted of 39 clients, which represent a 52.5% market share of the NRU market.
The next chart shows the average demand of AES’s non-regulated users during 2010.
Fuel Inventory and Consumption During the year 2010, AES ANDRES and DPP consumed a total of 30,645,743 MMBTU of natural gas and 32,545,257 MMBTU of gas natural was purchased.
Natural Gas AES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC NRU AVERAGE DEMAND 2010
The table below shows a detail of the evolution of the inventory, the purchases, the consumptions and the sales to third parties.
ALDOM
0.19
QUITPE
0.22
REFIDOMSA
0.33
ARTICULOS DE PIEL
0.33
LM INDUSTRIES
0.36
AES ANDRES Y DPP
MULTIFORM
0.36
Beginning Inventory
1,635,577 2,562,130
LADOM
0.36
Purchases
2,938,333
ENVASES ANTILLANOS
0.36
ANDRES Consumptions
1,386,872 1,342,327 1,089,240
LA FABRIL
0.44
DPP Consumptions
545,281
TROQUEDOM
0.50
BOG Consumptions
19,394
13,748
14,741
15,780
18,694
18,480
16,406
19,036
9,148
16,677
16,651
19,836
198,592
Third Partie Sales
51,774
55,180
52,147
59,601
71,201
79,997
90,220
102,917
144,610
211,889
191,009
195,795
1,306,341
21,823
48,017
12,638
8,983
21,175
36,187
31,938
39,799
25,931
35,567
290,517
OCEAN WORLD
0.51
INVERSIONES COSTA CARIBE
0.56
LISTÍN DIARIO
0.57
SADOSA
0.58
BARCELÓ CAPELLA
0.58
ALAMBRES DOMINICANOS
0.61
CARREFOUR
0.72
MC CHARLES
0.73
HAMACA BEACH RESORT
0.75
NATURAL GAS INVENTORY AND CONSUMPTIONS 2010 [MMBTU]
Losses Final Inventory
MAR
APR
468,849
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
- 2,914,668 2,991,779 2,873,413 2,855,883 3,000,190 1,377,089 1,401,995
682,026 1,335,610 1,201,482 1,254,209
8,459
468,849
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Total
869,956 1,159,766 1,274,443 1,893,337 1,923,696 1,787,439 1,853,156 1,723,506 1,882,209
1,338,371
2,987,169 2,931,498 3,089,249 2,956,452 3,006,623 32,545,257
1,397,538 1,429,847 1,281,470 1,435,875 1,320,423
1,254,591 16,055,638
791,159 1,444,490 1,535,440 1,398,615 1,514,659 1,243,734 1,444,809
14,391,513
869,956 1,159,766 1,274,443 1,893,337 1,923,696 1,787,439 1,853,156 1,723,506 1,882,209 1,938,234
During the year 2010, AES ITABO with its two thermal units run on coal registered a consumption of 559,263 metric tons of coal and 9,932 metric tons of petcoke. The table below shows the monthly evolution of the inventories and the consumptions of both coal and petcoke.
ZF LA VEGA
0.91
HIELOS NACIONALES II
0.93
ZF PISANO
0.96
HOTEL JARAGUA
0.99 1.17
CESAR IGLESIAS
1.18
CARIBBEAN INDUSTRIAL PARK
1.19
MALLA & CO.
1.20
TERMO ENVASES
1.22
MOLINOS DEL OZAMA
1.28
MULTIQUIMICA
1.39
INCA - LA ISABELA
1.40
ZF MULTIMODAL CAUCEDO
1.46
INDUVECA
1.48
PLASTIFAR
1.50
COAL INVENTORY AND CONSUMPTIONS 2010 [toneladas métricas] AES ITABO Beginning Inventory Purchases Consumptions Third Partie Sales Losses Final Inventory Subtotal Consumo
JAN
FEB
APR
MAY
75,677
18,331
MAR 87,196
63,032
90,627
JUN
JUL
AUG
72,176
71,854
83,423
SEP
OCT
104,269
NOV
DEC
65,745
56,311
Total
74,623
-
118,293
36,750
82,682
36,883
47,861
36,908
44,715
-
51,966
73,900
37,006
566,964
50,620
39,452
60,915
52,818
54,258
48,184
25,338
23,869
38,523
58,091
52,396
54,799
559,263
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6,726
9,977
-
2,268
1,076
-
-
-
-
3,310
3,191
7,355
33,902
18,331
87,196
63,032
90,627
72,176
71,854
83,423
104,269
65,745
56,311
74,623
49,476
57,346
49,428
60,915
55,086
55,334
48,184
25,338
23,869
38,523
61,401
55,587
62,154
593,165
SEP
OCT
DEC
Total
PETCOKE INVENTORY AND CONSUMPTIONS 2010 [toneladas métricas]
ZF INDUSTRIAL SANTIAGO
2.17
INCA - KM 22
2.39
ZF SPM
2.52
ZF SAN ISIDRO
2.97
AERODOM
3.05 3.40
ZF LAS AMERICAS
AES ITABO Beginning Inventory Purchases Consumptions Third Partie Sales Losses Final Inventory Subtotal Consumo
JAN
Total Consumo
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
NOV
13,837
7,895
5,519
5,349
5,349
5,349
5,126
4,943
4,739
4,674
4,674
4,674
5,942
2,376
170
-
-
222
183
204
65
-
-
768
9,932
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7,895
5,519
5,349
5,349
5,349
5,126
4,943
4,739
4,674
4,674
4,674
3,905
5,942
2,376
170
-
-
222
183
204
65
-
-
768
9,932
63,288
51,804
61,085
55,086
55,334
48,406
25,522
24,073
38,589
61,401
55,587
62,923
569,194
-
5.99
LAFZID (PIISA) 0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00 GWh
4.00
5.00
6.00
During the year 2010, AES ITABO purchased 566,964 metric tons of coal from various providers.
23
Statistical Report 2010
AES Dominicana
FEB
2,562,130
Coal
MULTICENTRO CHURCHILL
22
JAN
Natural Gas
Fuel Imports
Operational Indicators
During the year 2010, the AES ANDRES terminal received eleven (11) vessels for a total of 32,545,257 MMBTU, equivalent to 1,466,003 M3 of liquid Natural Gas. Below is a table with the appropriate level of detail.
The following table shows the operational indicators and operation rates of power units applied to AES ANDRES, AES ITABO and DPP.
AES ANDRES NATURAL GAS IMPORTS 2010 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Date January 23, 2010 March 1, 2010 April 6, 2010 May 8, 2010 June 13, 2010 July 16, 2010 August 15, 2010 September 16, 2010 October 13, 2010 November 16, 2010 December 14, 2010
Coal
Supplier BPGM BPGM BPGM BPGM BPGM BPGM BPGM BPGM BPGM BPGM BPGM
Vessel BRITISH TRADER BRITISH MERCHANT BRITISH TRADER LNG EBISU METHANE KARI ELIN BRITISH RUBY BRITISH TRADER ARCTIC DISCOVERER BRITISH EMERALD BRITISH MERCHANT BRITISH MERCHANT
Discharge Port AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES AES ANDRES
AES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC OPERATIVE INDICATORS 2010 MMBTU 2,938,333 2,914,668 2,991,779 2,873,413 2,855,883 3,000,190 2,987,169 2,931,498 3,089,249 2,956,452 3,006,623 32,545,257
M3 132,357 131,291 134,765 129,433 128,643 135,144 134,557 132,049 139,155 133,174 135,433 1,466,003
During the year 2010, AES ITABO received a total of fourteen (14) vessels of coal, thirteen (13) of which were received through the International pier of AES ITABO and one (1) through the port of HAINA. These vessels combined represented a total of 566,964 metric tons. Below is a table with the appropriate level of detail.
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
2010
EAF [%] ANDRES ITABO 1 ITABO 2 LOS MINA 5 LOS MINA 6
100.0% 84.1% 92.7% 0.0% 99.5%
100.0% 97.9% 82.3% 0.0% 99.0%
74.3% 87.2% 94.1% 77.4% 93.7%
100.0% 95.0% 94.2% 100.0% 100.0%
99.9% 82.6% 78.3% 100.0% 65.2%
97.2% 92.6% 70.8% 93.3% 15.1%
100.0% 73.1% 0.0% 97.8% 97.4%
99.4% 61.3% 12.7% 100.0% 99.9%
91.3% 31.9% 87.4% 96.2% 96.7%
99.3% 64.8% 97.6% 100.0% 100.0%
97.6% 67.7% 79.1% 79.1% 99.8%
89.3% 69.1% 87.6% 89.0% 100.0%
95.7% 75.6% 73.1% 77.7% 88.8%
EFOR [%] ANDRES ITABO 1 ITABO 2 LOS MINA 5 LOS MINA 6
0.0% 0.5% 1.7% 0.0% 0.7%
0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3%
0.0% 4.6% 0.0% 0.0% 3.0%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 3.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4%
0.3% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 8.8% 6.0% 0.2% 0.0%
0.7% 6.8% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0%
2.4% 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3%
0.6% 0.7% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
0.3% 2.4% 0.8% 0.0% 0.4%
7,681 10,929 10,863
7,646 11,105 11,242 11,781
7,598 10,913 10,837 12,014 11,917
7,596 10,684 10,628 12,139 12,020
7,582 10,904 10,848 12,131 12,101
7,647 11,373
11,934
7,616 10,485 10,580 11,920 11,804
7,607 12,455 13,522 12,131 12,006
7,658 11,822 11,338 12,133 11,993
7,640 10,715 10,479 12,087 11,895
7,799 11,288 12,191 12,191 11,878
7,917 10,911 10,421 12,000 11,908
7,665 11,132 11,177 12,096 11,941
HEAT RATE [BTU/kWh] ANDRES ITABO 1 ITABO 2 LOS MINA 5 LOS MINA 6
12,215 12,059
AES ITABO COAL IMPORTS 2010 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Date February 2, 2010 February 15, 2010 February 11, 2010 March 25, 2010 April 6, 2010 April 20, 2010 May 15, 2010 June 10, 2010 July 5, 2010 August 17, 2010 October 15, 2010 November 9, 2010 November 19, 2010 December 10, 2010
Supplier BULKTRADING GLENCORE INTERNATIONAL BULKTRADING INTERAMERICAN COAL INTERAMERICAN COAL GLENCORE INTERNATIONAL INTERAMERICAN COAL SHELTON TRADING INTERAMERICAN COAL BULKTRADING GLENCORE INTERNATIONAL INTERAMERICAN COAL INTERAMERICAN COAL GLENCORE INTERNATIONAL
Vessel CSL METIS CSL METIS MACONDO ANTWERPEN ANTWERPEN BALDER ANTWERPEN BALDER ANTWERPEN SHEILA ANN CSL SPIRIT ANTWERPEN ANTWERPEN BARKALD
Discharge Port ITABO ITABO HAINA ITABO ITABO ITABO ITABO ITABO ITABO ITABO ITABO ITABO ITABO ITABO
Metric Tons 56,309 55,981 6,003 36,750 36,916 45,766 36,883 47,861 36,908 44,715 51,966 36,859 37,041 37,006 566,964
MMBTU 1,407,725 1,399,522 150,075 918,750 922,897 1,144,148 922,066 1,196,527 922,699 1,117,865 1,299,161 921,471 926,022 925,162 14,174,089
As may be observed in the Graph below, year 2010 was quite particular for each of the AES plants in the Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF). AES Andres reached an EAF of 95.7% for the year, demonstrating that the investments and focus in operational excellence pays off.
EAF AES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2007
2008
24
ITABO I
ITABO II
LM V
2010
LM VI
25
Statistical Report 2010
AES Dominicana
AES ANDRES
2009
For the Equivalent Forced Outage Rate Indicator (EFOR), AES ANDRES obtained its lowest historic value, 0.3%. The AES ITABO plants obtained a combined value of 2.0% (with a particular performance of unit # 2 of ITABO with a score of 0.8%) EFOR AES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC % 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2007
2008 AES ANDRES
ITABO I
2009 ITABO II
LM V
2010
LM VI
Relevant Events The operational events of most relevance in the power plants of AES Dominicana coincide with the outages resulting from scheduled maintenance of its units. See table below.
AES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC RELEVANT EVENTS 2010
26
Description Programmed Maintenance Programmed Maintenance Programmed Maintenance Programmed Maintenance
From 22-May-2010 00:42 27-Jun-2010 00:44 19-Sep-2010 00:58 16-Mar-2010 11:11
To 26-Jun-2010 01:23 27-Aug-2010 23:00 06-Oct-2010 01:45 24-Mar-2010 03:08
Hours 841 1,486 409 184
27
Statistical Report 2010
AES Dominicana
Unit Los Mina 6 Itabo 2 Itabo 1 Andres
Wholesale Electric
Market
2
Wholesale Electric Market Generation The electric generation park of the Dominican Republic is mainly composed of 82.5% thermoelectric units while the other 17.5% is composed by hydroelectric units. The following tables show the installed capacities of the generation park by technology and by fuel. The graph enables us to appreciate the improvements in the energy matrix over the past ten years. In the first pie charts we may observe a substitution in technologies from the least efficient technologies (gas turbines) to the most efficient technologies combined cycles.
Brief History of the Dominican Electric Sector In 1997 the capitalization process began. This process was instituted due to serious problems in the electrical sector caused by a deficit of the generation, poor quality service and a lack of capital investment for the electrical sector expansion. The capitalization process was formalized on June 24, 1997, with the publication of the State Companies Reform Law. Before this process, generation, transmission and distribution assets in the Dominican Republic were owned by CDE, who by law was the only entity authorized to operate in the electricity sector. In the mid 90s, CDE subscribed several power purchased agreements with independent power producers; increasing the systems installed capacity with private capital. During this period, the sector was regulated by a series of administrative resolutions issued by the Industry and Commerce Ministry.
Hydro Turbine 18.0%
Installed Capacity by Technology
Steam Turbine 22.6%
Combined Cycle 6.7%
(December 2000) Diesel Engine 22.5%
Gas Turbine 30.2%
Through the different stages of the capitalization process, the assets held by CDE were divided into eight state-owned companies: CDEEE, a parent holding company, three distribution companies: EDENORTE, EDESUR and EDEESTE, three generation companies: HAINA, ITABO and HIDRO and the power transmission company. In 1999, the three distribution companies and the two thermal generation companies were capitalized through the sale of 50% of the stocks to private investors. The Dominican State remained with 49% of the stocks and the last 1% was sold to the employees of these companies.
Hydro Turbine 17.5%
Steam Turbine 20.1%
In July 2001, the Electricity General Law was issued, establishing the institutions of the sector and the rules under which it will operate. In July 2002, the Electricity General Law Rulebook was issued, completing the electrical sector new legislation. During 2007, the Electricity General Law and its Rulebook were modified by the law number 186-07. The new law has as a goal to criminalize the electrical fraud and establish other measures to obtain the electrical sector’s financial viability.
Installed Capacity by Technology
Gas Turbine 11.2%
Combined Cycle 26.9%
Diesel Engine 24.3%
30
31
Statistical Report 2010
Wholesale Electric Market
(December 2010)
Likewise, it is remarkable to observe the reduction in the dependency of fuels that are directly derived from petroleum (such as fuel oil) from 82% in the year 2000 to 54% in the year 2010, enabling to further Diversity the fuel mix and subsequently reduce the costs of the energy matrix.
The following table enables us to view the installed capacity of the system by Generation Company and by technology.
SYSTEM INSTALLED CAPACITY BY TECHNOLOGY TOTAL GENERATION COMPANY
STEAM TURBINE
GAS TURBINE
AES ANDRES
Water 18%
Installed Capacity by Fuel Type
DIESEL ENGINE
260.0
DPP
236.0
AES DOMINICANA
260.0
236.0
HAINA
343.1
100.0
319.0 102.0
HIDRO
Coal 0%
(December 2000)
HYDRO
319.0
AES ITABO
Fuel Oil 6 48.9%
COMBINED CYCLE
523.2
[MW]
[%]
319.0
10.7%
260.0
8.7%
236.0
7.9%
815.0
27.2%
545.1
18.2%
523.2
17.5%
METALDOM
42.0
42.0
1.4%
SEABOARD
116.3
116.3
3.9%
GPLV
198.8
198.8
6.6%
MONTERIO
100.1
100.1
3.3%
CEPP
76.8
76.8
2.6%
LAESA
59.6
59.6
2.0%
INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS [IPP'S]
Fuel Oil 2 33.1%
SAN FELIPE
185.0
185.0
6.2%
CESPM
300.0
300.0
10.0%
30.0
30.0
1.0%
1.9
1.9
0.1%
2,993.80
100.0%
MAXON RIO SAN JUAN (CDEEE) TOTAL [MW]
Water 17.5%
Fuel Oil 5 39.1%
Installed Capacity by Fuel Type
603.1
336.0
804.0
727.5
523.2
It is important to indicate that AES Dominicana, through its AES ANDRES, AES ITABO and AES DPP power plants, encompasses 27.2% of the installed capacity of the generation park, with the added benefit of having the most competitive fuel mix in the market (coal and natural gas). The following tables show the power plants that have been installed by December 2010, specifying the fuel, technology and installed capacity.
(December 2010) Natural Gas 18.5%
32
Fuel Oil 2 14.4%
33
Statistical Report 2010
Wholesale Electric Market
Coal 10.5%
CAPACIDAD INSTALADA POR UNIDAD GENERADORA Diciembre 2010
HYDROELECTRIC UNITS
EMPRESA TERMOELÉCTRICA EMPRESA
COMBUSTIBLE
TECNOLOGIA
POTENCIA [MW]
AES DOMINICANA ANDRES ITABO I ITABO II LOS MINA V LOS MINA VI SubTotal
GAS NATURAL CARBON CARBON GAS NATURAL GAS NATURAL
Combined Cycle Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Gas Turbine Gas Turbine
319.0 128.0 132.0 118.0 118.0 815.0
HAINA HAINA I HAINA II HAINA IV SAN PEDRO VAPOR PUERTO PLATA I PUERTO PLATA II HAINA TG BARAHONA CARBON SULTANA DEL ESTE SubTotal
FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 2 CARBON FUEL NO. 6
Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Gas Turbine Steam Turbine Diesel Engine
54.0 54.0 84.9 30.0 27.6 39.0 100.0 53.6 102.0 545.1
GENERADORA PALAMARA - LA VEGA PALAMARA LA VEGA SubTotal
FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 6
Diesel Engine Diesel Engine
106.8 92.0 198.8
CDEEE SAN FELIPE CESPM I CESPM II CESPM III MAXON RIO SAN JUAN SubTotal
FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 2 FUEL NO. 2 FUEL NO. 2 FUEL NO. 2 FUEL NO. 2
Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Diesel Engine Diesel Engine
185.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 30.0 1.9 516.9
SEABOARD ESTRELLA DEL NORTE ESTRELLA DEL MAR SubTotal
FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 6
Diesel Engine Diesel Engine
43.0 73.3 116.3
CEPP CEPP I CEPP II SubTotal
FUEL NO. 6 FUEL NO. 6
Diesel Engine Diesel Engine
18.7 58.1 76.8
MONTE RIO POWER MONTE RIO SubTotal
FUEL NO. 6
Diesel Engine
100.1 100.1
METALDOM METALDOM SubTotal
FUEL NO. 6
Diesel Engine
42.0 42.0
FUEL NO. 6
Diesel Engine
59.6 59.6 2,470.6
34
NON-RESERVOIR HYDRO LOPEZ ANGOSTURA CONTRA EMBALSE MONCION I CONTRA EMBALSE MONCION II BAIGUAQUE I BAIGUAQUE II HATILLO JIMENOA EL SALTO ANIANA VARGAS I ANIANA VARGAS II DOMINGO RODRIGUEZ I DOMINGO RODRIGUEZ II ROSA JULIA DE LA CRUZ NIZAO NAJAYO LOS ANONES SABANA YEGUA LAS DAMAS SABANETA LOS TOROS I LOS TOROS II MAGUEYAL I MAGUEYAL II LAS BARIAS SubTotal Non-Reservoir
FUEL WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER
TECHNOLOGY Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine
CAPACITY [MW] 48.0 48.0 49.0 49.0 26.0 26.0 27.0 27.0 12.5 12.5 26.0 26.0 10.1 25.0 25.0 437.1
WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER
Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine Hydro Turbine
18.4 1.6 1.6 0.6 0.6 8.0 8.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 12.8 7.5 6.3 4.9 4.9 1.5 1.5 0.9 86.1
TOTAL HYDRO
523.20
GRAND TOTAL
2,993.8
35
Mercado Statistical Eléctrico Report Mayorista 2010
Wholesale Electric Market
LAESA PIMENTEL SubTotal Total Thermoelectric
RESERVOIR HYDRO TAVERA I TAVERA II JIGUEY I JIGUEY II AGUACATE I AGUACATE II VALDESIA I VALDESIA II RIO BLANCO I RIO BLANCO II MONCION I MONCION II RINCON PINALITO I PINALITO II SubTotal Reservoir
Transmission
Energy Balance
The Electric Transmission Company of the Dominican Republic (ETED) is a state owned company with the primary objective of building, operating and sustainably managing the grids and substations of the electric interconnected system of the Dominican Republic in order to provide a quality service at reasonable prices.
In the following table we can observe the monthly energy balance during the year 2010, in which we may observe the net injections of the generation companies, the distribution company withdrawals and non regulated users, which for the purposes of this table have been grouped independently from the generating company with which these have a power supply contractual arrangement.
The power plants, the distribution companies’ sub-stations and non regulated users’ substations are all linked through the transmission grids. These grids consist of 260 kilometers of cables at 345 kV and 2,469 kilometers of cables at 138 kV, which are denominated as the primary lines, in addition to 1,679 kilometers of cables at 69 kV that are denominated as secondary cables in the transmission system. The primary grids of 138 kV interconnect power plants and substations that supply high demand centers whereas the secondary grids of 69 kV interconnect lower demand centers. Because of its radial configuration, the National Electric Interconnected System is divided into four zones: Santo Domingo Zone, South Zone, North Zone and East Zone. The most important substations of these zones are: Palamara and Hainamosa in the Zone of Santo Domingo, Pizarrete in the Southern Zone, Bonao II and Canabacoa in the Northern Zone and San Pedro II in the Eastern Zone. During the year 2010, the Electric Transmission Company (ETED) completed an important portion of the 345 kV line. This accomplishment enabled for the important improvement in the tension levels in the Northern Zone of the country and also reduced the electric losses in the National Electric Interconnected System.
Electricity Distribution
ELECTRIC SYSTEM BALANCE 2010 [GWh] AES ANDRES AES ITABO DPP AES Dominicana HIDRO IPPs HAINA GPLV SEABOARD CEPP MONTERIO METALDOM LAESA FALCONDO INYECCIONES EDESUR EDENORTE EDEESTE UNR's RETIROS PERDIDAS PERDIDAS %
JAN 180.5 136.7 45.6 362.8 74.6 93.5 103.9 81.0 58.4 24.0 34.1 13.7 32.6 35.3 914.0 308.4 255.4 256.0 76.1 895.8 18.2 2.0%
By December 2010, the electricity distribution of the national interconnected grid was driven by three distribution companies:
MAR 143.0 149.7 112.6 405.3 50.7 100.2 118.1 90.2 66.8 34.6 44.9 13.8 38.2 18.7 981.7 328.0 269.3 275.3 88.8 961.4 20.2 2.1%
APR 181.2 130.8 100.3 412.3 68.5 114.0 89.5 89.1 58.9 29.9 43.0 10.3 35.1 29.4 980.0 331.8 267.7 277.1 83.0 959.7 20.3 2.1%
MAY 184.4 134.0 103.5 421.9 93.3 124.4 96.0 86.8 58.6 31.0 51.4 11.4 36.9 39.7 1,051.3 355.6 288.5 298.8 87.0 1,029.9 21.4 2.0%
JUN 176.4 116.0 65.2 357.5 162.2 84.3 92.5 84.5 66.4 29.8 43.5 11.5 35.4 37.1 1,004.9 331.1 283.6 281.5 88.2 984.4 20.4 2.0%
JUL 182.7 58.9 119.3 360.8 169.6 99.8 130.3 81.9 63.7 25.7 35.5 16.2 46.7 41.1 1,071.2 355.9 306.7 296.3 90.3 1,049.2 22.0 2.1%
AUG 187.9 55.7 127.8 371.4 176.2 87.1 119.4 90.9 63.0 31.9 48.0 19.2 57.0 37.8 1,102.0 364.3 310.5 310.7 91.3 1,076.8 25.2 2.3%
SEP 167.1 90.1 116.0 373.3 122.4 89.7 106.3 94.3 63.9 28.7 50.5 17.3 54.1 36.5 1,037.0 346.1 294.1 286.9 87.4 1,014.6 22.4 2.2%
OCT 188.1 139.2 126.6 453.9 138.4 58.9 80.8 85.4 62.8 32.0 50.5 15.1 55.4 37.9 1,071.4 358.8 305.7 294.6 92.6 1,051.7 19.6 1.8%
NOV 169.2 128.3 103.2 400.8 166.5 10.4 84.3 78.3 49.0 28.8 34.5 13.7 51.0 40.3 957.5 324.7 262.2 261.2 91.1 939.2 18.3 1.9%
DEC 159.0 131.8 120.8 411.6 129.0 13.3 96.1 74.4 60.3 29.9 41.5 7.8 52.1 44.2 960.1 324.0 272.6 265.5 83.5 945.6 14.6 1.5%
2010 2,095 1,369 1,199 4,663 1,404 936 1,228 1,029 735 357 519 164 529 422 11,985 4,019 3,354 3,338 1,036 11,746 239 2.0%
During the year 2010, the total injection of electric energy was 11,985 GWh. The companies with the most supply of electric energy were AES ANDRES with 17%, AES ITABO with 11%, DPP with 10%, HIDRO with 12%, HAINA with 10% and GPLV with 9%. The Group AES Dominicana contributed 39% of the energy in the Electric Wholesale Market, achieving the maximum historic market share of the National Electric System obtained by AES Dominicana. The two power plant units of DPP were able to pass from peak plants in the system to base plants in the system, mostly as a result of the increased competitiveness of natural gas.
EdeSur Dominicana, S. A. EdeNorte Dominicana, S. A. EdeEste, S. A. These companies obtain their energy from the electric system through the high voltage bus bars, which are later transformed to minor tension and then conducted through each company’s grids within their zones of concession until these reach the final users.
LEASA 4% METALDOM 1%
The distribution company lines within the national grid contain a mechanism of automatic load shedding, implemented in various distribution company substations through relays of low frequency and low voltage, which serve to disconnect load automatically through different phases. This mechanism is reviewed and updated periodically by the Coordinating Body.
MONTERIO 4%
FALCONDO 4%
AES DOMINICANA 39%
CEPP 3%
Electric Generation Market Share 2010
SEABOARD 6%
GPLV 9%
HAINA 10%
IPPs 8%
36
HIDRO 12%
37
Statistical Report 2010
Wholesale Electric Market
FEB 175.7 97.6 57.7 331.0 53.0 60.7 110.5 91.8 63.1 30.1 41.1 14.0 34.5 24.3 854.2 290.1 238.0 233.7 76.3 838.1 16.1 1.9%
Capacity Balance
Maximum Demand
The following table shows us the resulting values of firm definitive capacity of the generation companies for each month in the year 2010.
The system’s maximum demand is the highest power consumed by the distribution companies in a specific moment of the year. Generally it happens during the system peak hours. Maximum demand is data used on the capacity recalculation, because the system remunerates only the maximum capacity effectively recorded as demanded during the year. The following table shows the power production and power consumptions during the monthly maximum demand hour.
FIRM CAPACITY BY GENERATION COMPANY 2010 [MW] AES ANDRES AES ITABO DPP AES DOMINICANA HIDRO IPPs* HAINA GPLV SEABOARD CEPP MONTERIO METALDOM LAESA Total
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MW % 247.7 241.4 248.8 246.7 239.8 239.4 239.6 240.2 241.8 254.0 240.4 242.8 243.5 14.0% 225.9 225.9 225.8 225.9 225.9 225.9 225.9 225.9 225.8 225.8 225.9 225.9 225.9 12.9% 22.6 22.0 22.7 22.5 21.8 21.8 21.8 21.9 22.0 23.3 22.5 22.8 22.3 1.3% 496.2 489.2 497.3 495.0 487.5 487.1 487.3 487.9 489.6 503.1 488.8 491.5 491.7 28.2% 358.2 369.6 356.2 360.2 372.9 373.6 373.3 372.2 369.2 364.3 372.9 365.6 367.4 21.1% 113.0 110.1 113.5 112.5 109.3 109.2 109.3 109.5 110.3 116.1 110.6 111.7 111.3 6.4% 217.9 215.9 218.2 217.5 215.4 215.3 215.3 215.5 216.0 201.5 213.0 216.7 214.8 12.3% 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 189.9 10.9% 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 6.2% 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 65.2 3.7% 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4 5.5% 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 2.3% 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 3.3% 1,744.3 1,743.9 1,744.2 1,744.3 1,744.2 1,744.2 1,744.2 1,744.2 1,744.2 1,744.2 1,744.4 1,744.6 1,744.2 100.0%
The power plant companies that resulted with the largest participation in the firm capacity distribution were HIDRO with 20%, AES ANDRES with 14%, HAINA with 13%, AES ITABO with 12% and GPLV with 10%. After this group, the remaining companies have figures which individually represent less than 10%. The AES Dominicana Group together had a participation of 27.9% of the firm capacity market, as can be observed in the table below.
LEASA 3.3% METALDOM 2.3% MONTERIO 5.5%
MONTHLY PEAK DEMAND 2010 [MW] Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Day / Hour D18 H21 D17 H21 D24 H22 D30 H21 D15 H21 D29 H22 D08 H22 D25 H22 D13 H22 D11 H21 D16 H20 D24 H20 GENERATION GROSS GENERATION 1,636 1,620 1,792 1,777 1,767 1,763 1,740 1,795 1,782 1,787 1,764 1,727 NET GENERATION sub-trans1,578 1,565 1,733 1,719 1,712 1,716 1,696 1,751 1,731 1,731 1,708 1,674 mission voltage NET GENERATION transmission 1,573 1,561 1,728 1,714 1,706 1,711 1,691 1,745 1,726 1,728 1,702 1,670 high-voltage DEMAND Empresa Distribuidora del Este EdeNorte Dominicana EdeSur Dominicana NRU Other
440 433 543 117 3
449 458 507 113 8
506 497 554 121 7
468 492 604 110 5
513 544 545 69 3
457 464 612 120 8
492 468 569 122 3
481 520 594 111 4
524 486 552 121 2
494 499 559 130 2
464 487 568 144 6
499 525 540 65 2
TOTAL DEMAND
1,535
1,536
1,685
1,679
1,674
1,661
1,654
1,709
1,686
1,685
1,669
1,631
37 2.36%
25 1.59%
43 2.50%
35 2.06%
33 1.93%
50 2.92%
37 2.19%
35 2.02%
40 2.30%
43 2.51%
33 1.96%
38 2.29%
Loss [MW] Loss [%]
In 2010, the maximum demand occurred on August 25th at 22:00 hours where there was a total gross amount of 1,795 MW injections registered. The total withdraws during that same hour added up to 1,709 MW, from which 93.3% were withdrawn by distributers, 6.5% by Non Regulated Users, and 0.2% by other generators. AES DOMINICANA 28.2%
CEPP 3.7% SEABOARD 6.2%
Firm Capacity Market Share 2010
GPLV 10.9%
HAINA 12.3%
IPPs 6.4%
38
39
Statistical Report 2010
Wholesale Electric Market
HIDRO 21.1%
The next table presents the value of fuel prices in the international market expressed in US$/ MMBTU.
Energy Supply by Fuel Type In 2010, 45% of the supplied energy was produced with Fuel Oil 6, holding the most participation in the fuel market, natural gas came in second with 27%, followed by carbon coming in third with 14%.
Jan 2.49 5.13 11.37 14.60
COAL NATURAL GAS FUEL OIL 6 FUEL OIL 2
Fuel Oil 6 45%
Water 12%
INTERNATIONAL FUEL PRICES 2010 (US$/MMBTU) Feb 2.39 4.81 11.10 14.09
Mar 2.41 3.87 11.10 14.89
Apr 2.75 3.92 11.59 15.85
May 3.13 4.34 10.61 14.57
Jun 3.19 4.62 10.50 14.51
Jul 3.25 4.92 10.54 14.16
Aug 3.15 3.82 10.60 14.59
Sep 3.15 3.87 10.68 14.94
Oct 3.38 4.04 11.37 16.03
Nov 3.65 4.18 11.52 16.50
Dec 4.34 4.41 12.04 17.46
Electricity Spot Price The short term marginal cost is the variable cost necessary to produce an additional unit of energy considering the demand and generation park available. The next graph presents 2010’s maximum and monthly spot price.
Energy Supply by Fuel Type 2010
Fuel Oil 2 2%
200 US$/MWh
Natural Gas 27%
Coal 14%
Energy Spot Price 2010
150 100
International Fuel Prices
50 0
The following graph shows the average monthly price for each fuel type in US$/MMBtu. The prices for FO 6 and FO 2 were referenced by the prices in the international publications by Platts at the US Golf Coast Port. The prices for Coal was referenced by FOB, Bolivar, Colombia’s Port with a heat rate of 11,300 Btu/lb and the natural gas prices were referenced by the monthly average of the front month future price quotations in the NYMEX (Henry Hub).
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
AVG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MAX
The following table demonstrates 2010’s monthly average energy spot prices.
In 2010, natural gas and carbon maintained the most competitive prices of those utilized in the Interconnected National Electrical System for the generation of thermal energy.
ENERGY SPOT PRICE 2010 [US$/MWh]
Fuel Oil 6 and Fuel Oil 2 maintained the highest prices throughout the year, whereas carbon sustained its position as the most economical fossil fuel for electrical generation.
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Average
CMg PROM
132
154
149
137
144
134
130
140
143
134
123
126
137
CMg MAX
161
166
163
163
169
157
155
156
157
158
166
168
161
20 18
These price comparisons must be in American dollars since energy’s marginal cost is determined by the production costs of power generation companies, whose fuel prices are acquired by the international market which is in fact, in American dollars. Attached are the exchange rates in dollars that were used for this report.
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
COAL
40
MAY
JUN
NATURAL GAS
JUL
AUG
FUEL OIL 6
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
FUEL OIL 2
41
Statistical Report 2010
Wholesale Electric Market
International Fuel Prices 2010
US$/MMBTU
16 14
Capacity Spot Price and Connection Right
Frequency Regulation Service
The Capacity marginal cost is the valued price for the transactions of Firm Capacity, and is determined by what is established in Article 278 of the Regulation of the General Law of Electricity. This also corresponds to the monthly calculations for the Connection Right Unit Price which is established in Article 364. At the end of 2005 the Superintendence of Electricity emitted Resolution No. 108 in which they order to recalculate the Connection Right Unit Price using definite capacity transactions as base.
The next graph demonstrates the margins contributed by each company that participate in the frequency regulation market, with the objective that establishes the norm of being between 3% and 5% of the demand, both primarily and secondarily.
Primary Frequency Regulation Service Contribution 2010 (GWh)
12
Capacity Spot Price and Connection Right 2010
[US/kW-Month]
10 8 6 4
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
AES ANDRES
DPP
HIDRO
SAN FELIPE
FALCON
HAINA
GPLV
SEABOARD
METALDOM
MONTERIO
5% Demanda
3% Demanda
2 0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
CAPACITY SPOT PRICE
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
AES Dominicana, with the participation of AES ANDRES and DPP, was the company that contributed the most in the primary regulation of frequency, with approximately as much as 21% and 36%, bringing a total of 57% of the reserve margins in 2010, maintaining the quality and the reliability of the market.
CONNECTION RIGHT
The next table indicates the monthly unitary marginal cost of capacity and right of connection. CAPACITY SPOT PRICE AND CONNECTION RIGHT 2010 [US/kW-month]
60
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Average
Capacity Spot Price
7.97
7.98
7.98
8.02
7.99
8.05
8.05
8.04
8.06
8.03
8.08
8.06
8.02
Connection Right
2.97
2.76
3.35
3.35
3.64
3.72
3.82
4.11
3.70
3.77
3.50
3.19
3.49
Secondary Frequency Regulation Service Contribuition 2010 (GWh)
50 40 30 20 10 0
5% Demanda
42
43
Statistical Report 2010
Wholesale Electric Market
In the secondary regulation of frequency AES ANDRES and DPP contributed approximately 52% and 23%, bringing a total of 75% of the reserve margins during 2010. Also participating in this market were the hydroelectric companies who contributed 22% and the IPP’s who contributed 3% with the San Felipe unit. It can be noted that during the maintainace of AES ANDRES in March 2010, the 3% of the reserve which is established in the norm as the minimum demand that must be in the system to operate with the security required before variations in the programmed demand and the supplied demand, was not reached. This occurred due to the small amount offered in the current system to lend this important service.
The following graph shows the NRU market share evolution by agents in 2010.
Non Regulated Users Market Non Regulated Users (NRU), are public service users whom before obtaining the authorization to become a NRU are able to obtain electricity services through liberal contracts with any electrical company. Article 108 of the General Law of Electricity informs that clients or users can solicit an authorization to become a NRU to the Superintendence of Electricity (SIE) if they consume the following capacity: • • • • •
2007 ≥ 1.4 MW 2008 ≥ 1.3 MW 2009 ≥ 1.2 MW 2010 ≥ 1.1 MW 2011 ≥ 1 MW
100% 90% 80% 70%
Non-Regulated Users Market Evolution 2010
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Ene
Feb
Mar
AES ANDRES
Until the year 2010 the SIE had issued 124 licenses to enable the NRU condition. However, currently only 69 users are using their license in the wholesale electricity market.
Abr M
HAINA
AES ITABO
ay
MONTE RIO
Jun
SEABOARD
Jul
EDESUR
Ago
EDENORTE
Sep
EDEESTE
Oct N
MERCADO SPOT
ov
Dic
HIDRO
This graph highlights the positioning of companies such as EdeEste and AES Andres, the main participants in this market followed by the hydroelectric company and EDESUR.
Below is the monthly amount of energy that was supplied by each agent to its NRUs during 2010.
Contract Market Contracts, also called PPAs (Power Purchase Agreements), are bilateral agreements for the buying and selling of electricity, capacity and other complementary services, made liberally between two parts, one who generates electricity with the purpose to sell (seller) and the other who desires to buy the electricity (buyer).
NON-REGULATED USERS MARKET EVOLUTION 2010 (GWh)
AES ANDRES HAINA AES ITABO MONTERIO SEABOARD EDESUR EDENORTE EDEESTE HIDRO MERCADO SPOT Total withdrawals
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
GWh
%
32.66 0.20 0.73 4.88 8.34 4.69 17.71 6.90 76.11
37.06 0.22 0.77 4.28 7.89 3.68 14.99 7.37 76.26
41.78 0.25 0.85 4.16 9.18 4.18 20.28 8.12 88.79
39.25 0.22 0.75 3.18 5.20 3.83 19.10 7.79 3.68 83.02
42.29 0.23 0.27 2.99 4.61 4.06 19.68 8.18 4.73 87.02
41.64 0.27 0.25 3.18 7.72 4.13 21.47 8.05 1.47 88.18
44.84 0.25 0.24 3.29 9.65 2.83 20.95 8.28 90.34
45.78 0.26 0.24 3.21 9.50 2.77 20.99 8.58 91.33
48.34 0.25 0.22 2.89 7.86 1.24 18.29 8.30 0.05 87.44
49.43 0.23 0.24 3.68 7.76 1.25 21.53 8.51 0.00 92.64
49.65 0.17 0.49 4.40 6.75 0.67 20.87 8.08 0.00 91.08
43.68 0.20 2.76 6.34 0.66 20.24 9.62 83.50
516.40 2.75 5.05 42.90 90.78 33.99 236.11 97.79 9.93 1,035.70
49.9% 0.0% 0.3% 0.5% 4.1% 8.8% 3.3% 22.8% 9.4% 1.0% 100.0%
From the table above note that the NRU average monthly withdrawal in the wholesale electricity market economic transactions was 86 GWh, which represented 9% of the SENI average monthly withdrawal in 2010.
SYSTEM ENERGY SALES (GWh) Jan AES ANDRES AES DPP AES ITABO HAINA MONTERIO SEABOARD EDESUR EDENORTE EDEESTE HIDRO LAESA CDEEE CEPP GPLV METALDOM Total
Feb
181.0 98.2 190.0 127.3 34.1 60.1 8.3 4.7 17.7 80.5 35.0 168.0 24.0 81.0 13.7 1,123.5
Mar
175.7 151.1 89.7 122.5 171.3 182.6 119.4 135.1 41.1 44.9 64.9 69.0 7.9 9.2 3.7 4.2 15.0 20.3 74.5 85.0 35.0 38.2 122.2 160.2 30.1 34.6 91.8 90.2 14.0 13.8 1,056.1 1,160.9
Apr
May
183.0 118.0 179.0 134.7 43.0 61.2 5.2 3.8 19.1 83.3 35.1 184.4 29.9 89.1 10.3 1,179.1
185.1 122.5 192.8 144.4 51.4 61.2 4.6 4.1 19.7 93.3 36.9 192.1 31.0 86.8 11.4 1,237.1
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
GWh
178.1 182.7 187.9 167.9 188.3 171.1 161.6 2,113.4 110.1 123.7 130.3 121.3 128.1 115.2 124.7 1,404.2 179.3 187.8 188.0 178.2 194.5 180.6 188.0 2,212.0 138.3 162.2 180.5 170.3 176.3 156.1 158.3 1,803.0 44.9 45.6 52.4 50.5 50.5 34.5 41.5 534.4 69.5 67.0 66.2 66.8 65.7 51.8 63.0 766.5 7.7 9.6 9.5 7.9 7.8 10.7 8.6 97.1 4.1 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.7 6.4 4.9 46.6 21.5 20.9 21.0 18.3 21.5 20.9 20.2 236.1 162.2 169.6 176.2 122.4 138.4 166.5 129.0 1,480.7 38.0 47.3 57.0 54.1 55.4 51.0 52.1 535.2 236.5 263.2 253.2 203.6 187.0 170.3 163.3 2,303.8 29.8 27.6 31.9 28.7 32.0 28.8 29.9 358.5 84.5 89.4 91.0 94.3 89.4 79.1 80.2 1,046.8 11.5 16.2 19.2 17.3 15.1 13.7 7.8 164.1 1,316.0 1,415.7 1,467.0 1,304.0 1,353.0 1,256.6 1,233.2 15,102.3
% 14.0% 9.3% 14.6% 11.9% 3.5% 5.1% 0.6% 0.3% 1.6% 9.8% 3.5% 15.3% 2.4% 6.9% 1.1% 100.0%
AES Dominican’s market share in the contractual energy market in 2010 can be seen in the above table with AES ANDRES (14.0%), DPP (9.3%) and ITABO (14.6%), supplying a total of 37.9% of all contracts registered in the energy market. The market share of CDEEE (15.3%) and HAINA (11.9%) can also be noted.
44
45
Statistical Report 2010
Wholesale Electric Market
In addition, during 2010 NRUs withdraw was 1.036 GWh of energy, from which AES Dominican Republic provided 516 GWh, which represents a monthly average of 43 GWh and 50% market share for all of 2010. Only in December 2010 AES Dominican Republic participation in NRU market was 52%.
The table that follows shows the monthly amount of energy that was sold through contracts in the energy market during 2010.
Annual Statistics
3
Annual Statistics Energy Balance The following table shows the annual balances of energy generation and demand by agents in the electrical market from 2000 to 2010. SYSTEM ENERGY BALANCE [MW]
Installed Capacity The next table shows the installed generation capacity evolution in the system from 2000 to 2010. SYSTEM INSTALLED CAPACITY [MW] COMPANY CAYMAN POWER ENERGYCORP AES ITABO HAINA HIDRO DPP GPLV SAN FELIPE METALDOM SEABOARD CEPP MAXON LAESA CESPM AES ANDRES MONTERIO RIO SAN JUAN TOTAL [MW]
2000 50.0 103.5 586.0 456.7 402.0 236.0 194.5 175.0 42.0 115.0 76.9 30.0 79.9
2,547.5
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
103.5 586.0 663.3 411.8 236.0 194.5 175.0 42.0 115.0 76.9 30.0 79.9 200.0
103.5 432.5 665.1 463.8 236.0 194.5 185.0 42.0 115.0 76.9 30.0 83.9 300.0
103.5 432.5 665.1 463.8 236.0 194.5 185.0 42.0 115.0 76.9 30.0 87.7 300.0 319.0 100.0
432.5 665.1 463.8 236.0 194.5 185.0 42.0 115.0 76.9 30.0 87.7 300.0 319.0 100.0
300.0 319.0 100.0
432.5 663.4 469.3 236.0 194.5 185.0 42.0 116.3 76.9 30.0 31.6 300.0 319.0 100.0
2,913.9
2,928.2
3,351.0
3,247.5
3,159.4
3,196.5
432.5 663.4 463.8 236.0 194.5 185.0 42.0 116.3 76.9 30.0
2007
432.5 663.4 469.3 236.0 194.5 185.0 42.0 116.3 76.9 30.0 31.6 300.0 319.0 100.0
2008
294.5 548.2 472.3 236.0 194.5 185.0 42.0 116.3 76.9 30.0 31.6 300.0 319.0 100.0 1.9 3,196.5 2,948.2
2009
2010
260.0 260.0 548.2 545.2 523.1 523.2 236.0 236.0 194.5 194.5 185.0 185.0 42.0 42.0 116.3 116.3 76.9 76.9 30.0 30.0 59.6 94.1 300.0 300.0 319.0 319.0 100.0 100.1 1.9 1.9 2,992.5 3,024.2
AES ITABO HIDRO IPPs HAINA GPLV SEABOARD CEPP AES ANDRES DPP MONTERIO METALDOM LAESA FALCONDO GENERATION EDESUR EDENORTE EDEESTE UNR's OTHERS DEMAND LOSS LOSS %
2000 2,214 916 3,316 1,974 213 416 473
2001 1,867 736 2,085 2,241 1,423 885 386
2002 1,271 877 2,378 2,985 1,428 890 402
2003 1,509 1,190 1,516 2,196 1,330 865 267 346 538 595
2004 955 1,572 1,767 1,331 815 699 242 692 18 461 139
2005 1,048 1,883 1,396 1,774 814 793 284 984 18 556 161
9,522 3,420 2,864 2,991 5 2 9,282 241 2.5%
9,623 3,445 2,789 2,926 73 1 9,235 389 4.0%
10,231 3,709 3,023 3,102 68 30 9,933 298 2.9%
10,349 3,608 3,087 3,217 163 19 10,094 255 2.5%
8,691 2,969 2,497 2,706 315 12 8,499 192 2.2%
9,712 3,267 2,725 2,961 462 63 9,477 235 2.4%
2006 1,525 1,745 1,228 1,757 766 778 339 1,582 94 496 184 49 50 10,593 3,488 2,967 3,053 768 73 10,349 244 2.3%
2007 1,576 1,466 1,100 1,663 888 777 362 1,900 364 448 193 238 54 11,029 3,656 3,099 3,034 879 122 10,789 240 2.2%
2008 1,508 1,369 1,431 1,335 1,085 796 263 2,041 338 526 189 230 228 11,339 3,826 3,240 3,043 976 61 11,145 194 1.7%
2009 1,487 1,442 1,253 1,106 1,119 805 296 1,730 466 524 150 383 416 11,176 3,785 3,129 3,050 965 22 10,950 226 2.0%
2010 1,369 1,404 936 1,228 1,029 735 357 2,095 1,199 519 164 529 422 11,985 4,019 3,354 3,338 1,036 11,746 239 2.0%
Maximum Demand The table below presents the maximum real demand from 2001 to 2010. YEARLY MAXIMUM DEMAND [MW] YEAR MONTH Day / Hour
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
DECEMBER
DECEMBER
SEPTEMBER
MAY
JUNE
MAY
JULY
MAY
SEPTEMBER
AUGUST
D11 H21
D20 H20
D11 H21
D04 H21
D02 H22
D17 H21
D05 H21
D13 H21
D30 H22
D25 H22
GENERATION GROSS GENERATION
1,601
1,634
1,737
1,690
1,691
1,766
1,772
1,925
1,743
1,795
NET GENERATION sub-transmission voltage
1,553
1,578
1,691
1,643
1,639
1,708
1,724
1,861
1,689
1,751
NET GENERATION transmission high-voltage
1,551
1,575
1,688
1,639
1,634
1,703
1,719
1,855
1,685
1,745
Empresa Distribuidora del Este [EdeEste]
465
473
519
481
463
466
454
502
461
481
Empresa Distribuidora del Norte [EdeNorte]
478
499
545
522
491
521
502
591
477
520
Empresa Distribuidora del Sur [EdeSur]
524
535
539
538
546
580
602
604
588
594
Non-Regulated Users
7
8
18
35
49
77
101
93
100
111
Others
12
17
13
13
39
12
31
10
7
6
1,487
1,532
1,634
1,589
1,586
1,656
1,690
1,799
1,634
1,711
64
43
54
50
48
47
29
56
51
33
4.1%
2.7%
3.2%
3.1%
2.9%
2.7%
1.7%
3.0%
3.0%
1.9%
TOTAL DEMAND Losses [MW] Losses [%]
48
49
Statistical Report 2010
Annual Statistics
DEMAND
Electricity Spot Price
International Fuel Prices
The following graph demonstrates the evolution of international prices of each fuel for the generation of energy in the Dominican electrical system in US$/MMBTU.
The next graph shows the evolution of electricity marginal costs from 2000 to 2010.
30
225
25
200
International Fuel Price Evolution
150 125
20 15 10 5
Jan-10
Jan-09
Jan-08
Jan-07
Jan-06
Jan-05
Jan-04
Jan-01
75
Jan-03
100
Jan-02
-
Jan-00
Energy Spot Price Evolution
US$/MWh
175
USD/MMBtu
250
50 FO2
25
FO6
LNG
CARBĂ“N
Jun-00
Jun-01 J
un-02
Jun-03
Jun-04
Jun-05
Jun-06
Jun-07 J
un-08
Jun-09
Jun-10
The following graphs present the evolution of each individual fuel type in their own commercial units. Next, is a table which represents the monthly evolution of the energy marginal costs in the spot market in US$/MWh from 2000 to 2010. 180
ENERGY SPOT PRICE [MW] 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
47.79 44.72 69.89 57.60 55.76 79.57 71.01 134.21 79.51 131.96
FEB 53.22 42.28 73.08 67.20 66.89 92.79 76.72 141.28 86.56 154.49
MAR 50.71 47.28 69.41 62.24 59.77 103.30 81.93 144.31 86.48 148.80
APR 51.67 59.29 61.49 63.93 70.43 79.95 83.19 157.78 88.88 137.03
MAY 53.41 60.60 58.90 56.55 70.58 91.13 97.55 163.76 99.15 143.77
JUN 96.91 65.76 63.99 60.82 76.92 72.05 95.93 99.02 184.58 110.05 134.02
JUL 120.62 72.07 58.65 77.46 72.86 75.88 87.92 111.59 204.88 132.04 130.05
AUG 107.70 74.52 65.72 70.63 74.24 85.91 91.33 114.39 216.24 131.23 140.05
SEP 111.27 79.83 65.28 77.90 73.18 87.08 107.09 107.12 186.00 146.33 143.42
OCT 96.64 60.37 63.64 73.71 68.57 92.54 96.58 116.65 179.44 144.58 134.34
NOV 95.98 51.35 66.62 59.01 79.58 95.24 89.42 120.19 134.27 150.03 122.59
DEC 100.25 45.58 62.76 68.07 58.74 77.25 72.81 115.32 84.52 138.79 125.84
FO2 Gulf Coast, Destillates and Blendstocks, Waterborne
140
US$/BBL
JAN
160
120 100 80 60 40 20 -
Jan-00
Jan-01
Jan-02
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Jan-08
Jan-09
Jan-10
Jan-01
Jan-02
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Jan-08
Jan-09
Jan-10
180 160 140 120
US$/BBL
FO6 3% Sulfur, Gulf Coast, Residual Fuel
100 80 60 40 20
50
Jan-00
51
Statistical Report 2010
Annual Statistics
-
Total System Interruptions 2000-2010
16
SYSTEM TOTAL BLACK OUTS 2000 - 2010
14
LNG NYMEX Henry Hub
US$/MMBTU
12 10 8 6 4 2 -
Jan-00
Jan-01
Jan-02
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Jan-08
Jan-09
Jan-10
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Jan-08
Jan-09
Jan-10
180 160
CARBON FOB Bolivar
US$/TM
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 -
Jan-00
Jan-01
Jan-02
The graph below shows the behavior of natural gas prices in some international markets in 2010. LNG Nymex Henry Hub demonstrates prices from the United States of America, UK NBP NG demonstrates prices from the United Kingdom and the rest of the prices demonstrate other big LNG markets..
DAY Wednesday Saturday Sunday Sunday Friday Saturday Monday Friday Saturday Monday Thursday Thursday Tuesday Sunday Thursday Tuesday Saturday Tuesday Sunday Friday Saturday Wednesday Saturday Saturday Sunday Thursday Sunday Monday Tuesday Monday Monday Tuesday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Wednesday Wednesday Monday Wednesday Wednesday
DATE 9-Feb-2000 25-Mar-2000 13-Aug-2000 13-Aug-2000 25-Aug-2000 2-Sep-2000 9-Oct-2000 8-Dec-2000 2-Jun-2001 4-Jun-2001 28-Jun-2001 28-Jun-2001 6-Nov-2001 18-Nov-2001 22-Nov-2001 27-Nov-2001 9-Mar-2002 19-Mar-2002 24-Mar-2002 26-Jul-2002 4-Jan-2003 6-Aug-2003 27-Sep-2003 11-Oct-2003 22-Feb-2004 25-Mar-2004 8-Aug-2004 9-Aug-2004 10-Aug-2004 23-Aug-2004 23-Aug-2004 7-Sep-2004 13-Sep-2004 21-Sep-2004 3-Aug-2005 18-Aug-2005 19-Aug-2005 20-Aug-2005 7-Sep-2005 21-Sep-2005 29-Oct-2007 15-Jul-2009 2-Sep-2009
HOUR 16:47 19:19 11:55 19:22 13:35 15:50 7:01 8:33 14:27 15:51 15:53 18:06 6:49 16:37 12:40 3:16 20:06 11:49 1:46 12:38 0:55 3:20 13:04 3:03 3:40 14:05 14:40 14:11 15:47 14:52 18:29 13:56 16:13 3:33 13:15 8:27 10:56 11:05 13:11 22:51 0:52 11:34 18:03
CAUSE Shortcircuit to 138 kV Itabo - Los Prados power line Strain insulator failure to 138 kV Itabo - Palamara II power line Low Frequency Low Frequency High-voltage breakers trip to 138 kV Villa Duarte - Hainamosa II power line Low Frequency Autotransformer trip at Villa Duarte Substation A conductor landing to 138 kV Itabo - Haina I power line Low Frequency Failure at Palamara substation Low Voltage Low Frequency Low Frequency Low Voltage Low Frequency Low Frequency Low Frequency Shortcircuit to 138 kV Los Mina - Hainamosa power line Low Frequency Low Voltage Distribution transformer failure at Villa Duarte substation Unknown A damage to 138 kV Embajador - Los Prados power line Low Frequency A trip of 138 kV Villa Duarte - Timbeque II power line Failure at Bonao II substation High Frequency. Failure of the 69 kV San Francisco - Pimentel power line and 69 kV Hatillo Low Frequency High Frequency Unknown Unknown Failure of the 138 kV Hainamosa - AES Andres power line Low Frequency Failure of the 138 kV Palamara - Hainamosa power line High-voltage breakers trip of the 138 kV Jig端ey/Aguacate - Pizarrete power line Failure of the 138 kV Haina - Itabo power line Low Frequency Low Frequency Low Frequency High Frequency. Failure of the 138 kV Bonao II - Canabacoa power line Low Frequency Low Frequency Low Frequency. AES Andres Trip caused by 138 kV power line interconection wrong open
12
LNG NYMEX Henry Hub vs UK NBP NG
US$/MMBTU
10 8 6 4 2 -
Jan-10
Feb-10
Mar-10
Apr-10
52
UK NBP NG
Jun-10
Jul-10 Japan Average
Aug-10
Sep-10
Oct-10
South Korea Average
Nov-10
Dec-10
Spain Average
53
Statistical Report 2010
Annual Statistics
Nymex LNG
May-10
Attachments
A
Glossary
BAR: That point of the electrical system prepared to deliver and withdraw electricity.
C
CONTRACTS MARKET: The market for transactions of sale and purchase of electricity based on freely negotiated contracts for supply.
BTU: British Thermal Unit of measurement. It is a unit of heat in the English European System. Its equivalence in the International System (IS) is the Calorie. The prices of Natural Gas are usually expressed in US$/MMBtu. 1 BTU is equivalent to 252 Calories (Cal).
COMBINED CYCLE: a machine composed of two phases: one phase of gas and the other phase of steam. Typically the whole entity consists of a gas turbine, a heat recuperation boiler, a steam turbine, and one or several electrical generators. COST OF LACK OF SUPPLY OR ENERGY NOT SERVED: The cost incurred by users, by not having energy available and having to obtain it from alternative sources; or the economic loss derived from the lack of production and sale of goods and services, and the loss of well-being due to the decrease of quality of living in the case of the residential sector. This cost is established annually by means of resolution of the Superintendency of Electricity.
56
MAXIMUM ANNUAL DEMAND: The maximum gross half our demand, during a calendar year, of the total of the generator units of the system, occurring within the system´s peak hours.
N
NATURAL GAS (NG): A mixture of gases that is frequently found in fossil beds, alone or accompanied by oil. It is composed mainly of methane in quantities greater than 90 to 95%, and in addition , usually contains other gases such as nitrogen, ethane, CO2, and traces of butane or propane , as well as small proportions of inert gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. NON REGULATED USER (UNR): That user of the electrical service will his monthly demand exceeds the limits established by the Superintendency in order to classified as a public user, and which fulfill the requirements established in the Regulation of the General Electricity Law.
O
OWN CONSUMPTION: The energy consumed by the auxiliary systems of a central unit or Substation.
P
PEAK POWER: Maximum power on the annual load curve. PRIMARY FREQUENCY REGULATION (RPF): Power that a generator units can vary by automatic action of its system in the face of changes in the system’s frequency.
FIRM POWER: The power that can be supplied by each generating units during peak hours, with high security/safety.
R
RIGHT OF CONNECTION: The difference between the total annual cost of the transmission system and the right of use estimated for the year. The procedure to determine the right of use is established in the Regulation of the General Electricity Law.
FREQUENCY REGULATION: Actions necessary to maintain frequency within the permissible tolerances defined for the system. The OC establishes the regulation parameters, and the generator companies are responsible for providing service through their control Centers.
S
SECONDARY FREQUENCY REGULATION (RSF): Power which a generator unit can vary, or modify by automatic or manual action of its system of regulation in a sustained manner.
FUEL OIL: A petroleum derivative obtained as a residue after the distilling process. Being a fuel, which is heavier than those which can be distilled at atmospheric pressure, Fuel Oil is used as a fuel for electrical energy plants, boilers, and ovens.
SELF PRODUCERS: Those enterprises or entities , who have available their own generation for consumption of electricity, independently of their productive process, and who eventually sell their surplus power or electrical energy to third parties.
GAS TURBINE: A machine composed of a compressed air compressor (sic), a turbine especially designed for this purposes, and an electrical generator. The turbine converts thermal energy from fuel which is produced as a result of the expansion of hot gases from the explosion of the mixutre of compressed air, fuel, and flame, into mechanical energy that is used by the electrical generator to produce electricity.
SPOT MARKET: The market for transactions of short-term sale and purchase of electricity not based on term contracts was economic transactions are performed at Marginal Short Term Energy Cost and at Marginal Our Cost.
H
HYDRAULIC TURBINE: A machine that uses kinetic energy and power from water to produce a rotation movement which , transferred through an axis, directly moves a machine or generator that transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy.
L
LIQUID NATURAL GAS (LNG): Natural Gas processed to be transported in liquid form. It is the best alternative for transporting and storage because when transformed into liquid as atmospheric pressure and –163oC , the liquefaction process reduces the volume of gas by 600 times.
STEAM TURBINE: A machine that transforms thermal energy from fuel into mechanical energy. Through a process of generation of steam produced in a boiler, from which come conditions of high temperature and pressure. The kinetic energy of the steam is used by the turbine mechanically and through this by a generator to produce electricity.
V
VARIABLE PRODUCTION COST OF A THERMAL ELECTRICAL MACHINE: This corresponds to the cost of fuel placed in the plants, and used in the production of electrical energy, multiplied by the average specific consumption of the machine plus the variable non-fuel cost. 57
Statistical Report 2010
Attachments
G
MARGINAL CENTRAL UNIT: This refers to the generating unit or units, which at optimum load dispatch increase their generation when we demand is marginally increased. MARGINAL SHORT-TERM COST: The variable costs necessary to produce one additional unit of energy, considering the demand and the generation infrastructure available.
AVAILABILITY FACTOR OF A CENTRAL GENERATING UNIT: The quotient between the energy that the Available power of the plant could generate in the period considered, which is normally one year, and the energy corresponding to its maximum power during the same.
B
F
M
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX USA 2000 - 2010 Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
JAN 168.8 175.1 177.1 181.7 185.2 190.7 198.3 202.4 211.1 211.1 216.7
FEB 169.8 175.8 177.8 183.1 186.2 191.8 198.7 203.5 211.7 212.2 216.7
MAR 171.2 176.2 178.8 184.2 187.4 193.3 199.8 205.4 213.5 212.7 217.6
APR 171.3 176.9 179.8 183.8 188.0 194.6 201.5 206.7 214.8 213.2 218.0
MAY 171.5 177.7 179.8 183.5 189.1 194.4 202.5 207.9 216.6 213.9 218.2
JUN 172.4 178.0 179.9 183.7 189.7 194.5 202.9 208.4 218.8 215.7 218.0
JUL 172.8 177.5 180.1 183.9 189.4 195.4 203.5 208.3 220.0 215.4 218.0
ENERGY’S UNITS
AUG 172.8 177.5 180.7 184.6 189.5 196.4 203.9 207.9 219.1 215.8 218.3
SEP 173.7 178.3 181.0 185.2 189.9 198.8 202.9 208.5 218.8 216.0 218.4
OCT 174.0 177.7 181.3 185.0 190.9 199.2 201.8 208.9 216.6 216.2 218.7
NOV 174.1 177.4 181.3 184.5 191.0 197.6 201.5 210.2 212.4 216.3 218.8
DEC 174.0 176.7 180.9 184.3 190.3 196.8 201.8 210.0 210.2 215.9 219.2
Joulie
J
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE BUY SALE
JAN 15.98 15.98 16.62 16.62 17.05 17.05 17.56 17.76 46.09 46.64 29.84 30.40 34.56 34.84 33.70 33.90 33.76 33.89 35.37 35.49 36.11 36.19
FEB 16.05 16.05 16.66 16.66 17.15 17.15 18.17 18.37 49.23 50.44 28.85 29.22 34.17 34.44 33.36 33.51 33.83 33.96 35.56 35.65 36.19 36.27
MAR 16.05 16.05 16.66 16.66 17.15 17.15 22.72 22.92 46.52 47.18 28.30 28.60 32.56 32.85 32.79 32.96 33.92 34.04 35.67 35.77 36.30 36.37
APR 16.05 16.05 16.66 16.66 17.56 17.70 23.78 23.98 44.35 44.81 28.25 28.54 32.11 32.33 32.23 32.40 34.03 34.14 35.83 35.92 36.42 36.51
MAY 16.05 16.05 16.66 16.66 17.56 17.76 25.60 25.80 46.92 47.69 28.70 28.91 32.49 32.73 32.14 32.29 34.01 34.13 35.95 36.04 36.70 36.79
JUN 16.05 16.05 16.66 16.66 17.56 17.76 28.89 29.09 48.12 48.67 28.90 29.08 32.77 32.94 32.42 32.57 34.16 34.27 35.92 36.00 36.73 36.81
JUL 16.05 16.05 16.66 16.66 17.56 17.76 34.45 34.85 44.84 45.56 28.93 29.06 32.75 32.91 32.99 33.14 34.27 34.39 35.98 36.07 36.80 36.88
AUG 16.05 16.05 16.66 16.66 17.56 17.76 33.72 34.13 41.25 42.11 29.00 29.13 32.63 32.80 32.90 33.05 34.68 34.80 36.03 36.10 36.89 36.99
SEP 16.38 16.38 16.66 16.66 17.56 17.76 31.70 32.25 36.95 37.62 30.42 30.82 32.95 33.12 33.31 33.46 34.83 34.95 36.06 36.13 36.98 37.07
OCT 16.45 16.45 16.66 16.66 17.56 17.76 34.91 35.23 32.27 32.98 32.41 32.70 33.47 33.66 33.46 33.59 34.99 35.09 36.09 36.16 37.21 37.29
NOV 16.49 16.49 16.76 16.76 17.56 17.76 39.74 40.24 29.56 30.13 33.25 33.54 33.56 33.69 33.41 33.53 35.19 35.32 36.09 36.17 37.22 37.30
DEC AVERAGE 16.53 16.18 16.53 16.18 16.97 16.69 16.97 16.69 17.56 17.45 17.76 17.59 37.44 29.06 37.82 29.37 28.86 41.25 29.33 41.93 33.12 30.00 33.39 30.28 33.09 33.09 33.30 33.30 33.52 33.02 33.66 33.17 35.26 34.41 35.39 34.53 36.09 35.89 36.16 35.97 37.31 36.74 37.40 36.82
Fuente: Banco Central de la República Dominicana
HIGH & LOW HEATING VALUES OF SOME FUELS PCS
PCI
PCS
PCI
PCS
PCI
Kcal/Kg
Kcal/Kg
Kcal/L
Kcal/L
Kj/L
Kj/L
Liquid Fuel Petroleo
10,800
10,008
9,374
8,686
39,250
36,371
Diesel Oleo
10,750
10,000
9,159
8,680
38,350
36,343
Fuel Oleo
10,090
9,583
10,217
8,318
42,780
34,827
Petroleo’s Milkshake Gas
11,750
11,000
6,486
9,548
27,160
39,977
PCS
PCI
PCS
PCI
Kcal/m3
Kcal/m3
Kcal/m3
Kcal/m3
Btu
KVh
1
0.2388
0.009478
0.000000277
Cal
4.1869
1
0.0039683
0.000001163
Term Unit British
Btu
1055.06
252
1
0.00029307
Kilowatt / Hours
KVh
3600000
8598000
3412.14
1
DENSITY’S UNITS Kg / m3
Lb / Pie 3
Lb / Gl (UK)
Lb / Gl (US)
Kg / m3
1
0.062428
0.010022
0.008345
Pound / Cubic Feet
Lb / Pie 3
16.0185
1
0.160544
0.133681
Pound / Gallon UK
Lb / Gl (UK)
99.7764
6.22884
1
0.83268
Pound / Gallon USA
Lb / Gl (US)
119.826
7.48047
1.20094
1
Kilograms / Cubic Meters
Year
Cal
Calories
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
AVERAGE EXCHANGE RATE TO BUY DOLLARS 2000 - 2010
J
MASS’S UNITS Kg
Ton.
Large Ton
Short Ton
Pound (Lb
Kg
1
0.001
0.000984
0.001102
2.2046
Ton
T
1000
1
0.984207
1.10231
2204.62
Large Ton
TL
1016
1.016
1
1.12
2240
Short Ton
TC
907
0.907
0.892857
1
2000
Pound
Lb
0.4535
0.0004535
0.000446429
0.0005
1
Kilogramo
VOLUME’S UNITS
Cubic Centimeters Cubic Meters
cm3
M3
Feet 3
Inch 3
Gal (UK)
Gal (USA)
BBL
Liters (Lt)
cm3
1
0.000001
0.0000353
0.06102
0.00021997
0.00026417
6.2899E-06
0.006102
1
35.3147
61000
219.969
264.17
6.28976
1000.028
M3
1000000
Cubic Feet
Feet 3
28320.589
0.028317
1
1727.556
6.2288
7.4805
0.178107
28.321
Cubic Inch
Inch 3
16.387
0.00001639
0.00057863
1
0.00360465
0.00432898
0.0001031
0.0163866
Gallon
Gal (UK)
4546.09
0.004546
0.160544
277.42
1
1.20094
0.028594
4.54596
Gallon
Gal (US)
3785.41
0.003785
0.133681
231
0.83268
1
0.02381
3.78533
Barrels
BBL
158984
0.158988
5.6146
9698.024
34.9726
42
1
158.984
Liters (Lt)
1000.028
0.001
0.03531
61.0255
0.219976
0.264178
0.0063
1
Liters
Gaseous Fuel Wet Natural Gas
10,454
8,240
43,770
34,500
Dry Natural Gas
9,256
8,500
38,750
35,584
PCI
PCS
PCI
Kcal/Kg
Kj/Kg
Kj/Kg
Attachments
Solid Fuels Vegetable Coal
7,500
6,500
30,560
27,213
Coque’s Vegetable Coal
7,300
6,998
30,560
29,299
58
59
Statistical Report 2010
PCS Kcal/Kg