Joseph MBAH-NDAM
Practice and Procedure in Civil and Commercial Litigation
! PUA "
Presses Universitaires d'Afrique
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PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL LITIGATION IN THE HIGH COURTS OF THE NORTH-WEST AND SOUTH-WEST PROVINCES OF CAMEROON TEXTBOOK ON
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Éditions
Presses Universitaires d'Afrique Marque déposée de AES sa -Yaoundé 2003
ISBN 2-912086-62-0 First published in Cameroon in 2003 by Presses Universitaires d’Afrique Conditions of Sale All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright and the publisher. The right of author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the OAPI rules. Any person who infringes the above in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
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Rt Honourable Joseph MBAH-NDAM Doctorat 3è Cycle, Laws, Barrister-at-Law.
A textbook on Practice and Procedure in Civil and Commercial Litigation in the High Courts of the North-West and South-West Provinces of Cameroon
Presses Universitaires d'Afrique 22, place Elig-Essono B.P. 8106 Yaoundé - Cameroun
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Dedication To my late Father and my Sister repectively. Tita Oscar MBAH and Comfort TIFUH
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Contents Preface ........................................................................... xv Table of cases ................................................................... xix Table of statutes ............................................................. xxxix Introduction ....................................................................... 1 1. Nature and Scope of the Subject ............................................ 2 2. Origin and Scope of the Rules. .............................................. 2 3. The Nigerian 1948 Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules ............. 3 4. The Nature and Content of The Rules ...................................... 3 5. Interpretation and Construction of the Rules .............................. 4 6. Recourse to the English Supreme Court Rules ............................ 4 7. The Impact of Cameroon Legislation ...................................... 5 Part One The High Court and Commencement of Proceedings. 7 Chapter One. The High Court. ........................................................................... 9 A. The West Cameroon High Court. .................................... 14 B. The present High Court. ............................................... 17 a. Composition. ......................................................... 18 b. Jurisdiction.. ......................................................... 18 Conclusion ................................................................... 21 Chapter Two. Starting Substantive Actions. .................................................... 23 S.I. Actions Commenced by Petition. ....................................... 24 A. Company Proceedings. ................................................ 24 B. Matrimonial causes proceedings ...................................... 27
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a. Definition of Matrimonial Causes ...................................... 28 b. Method of Commencement of Proceedings ............................ 29 i. Content of the Petition ................................................ 29 ii. Presentation of the Petition ......................................... 31 S.II. Proceedings Commenced by Way of Application ...................... 32 S.III. Commencement of Proceedings by Application for Writ of Summons ..... 43 A. Commencement of Proceedings by Summons ........................ 44 a. The writ of Summons ................................................. 45 i. The Lay Out of the Civil Summons ............................ 47 b. Anatomy of the Application For Writ of Summons .............. 50 B. Commencement by Originating Summons ............................ 63 a. Nature and Content ................................................... 65 b. Preparation and Presentation. ....................................... 69 Chapter Three Commencement of Labour Matters, Summary Judgments and Third-party Proceedings ............................................................ 73 S.I. Starting Proceedings in Labour Matters ............................... 73 A. What Constitutes a Labour Matter ................................... 74 B. Jurisdiction of the High Court ........................................ 75 C. The Preliminary of Reconciliation ................................... 76 a. Procedure ............................................................. 77 b. The Process-Verbal as the Parties’ Pleadings .................. 79 S.II. Commencement of Summary Judgment Proceedings ............... 83 A. The genesis of the Summary Judgment Proceedings .............. 83 a. In English Law ...................................................... 83 b. In France ............................................................. 84 c. In former West Cameroon ......................................... 85 B. Summary Payment Injunction Proceedings ......................... 93 a. Competent Jurisdiction ............................................. 94 i. Jurisdiction Founded on Habitual Residence of Debtor and Quantum of Claim. ....................................... 95 !Jurisdiction Founded on Habitual Residence of Debtor 95 !Jurisdiction Ratione Quantitatis ........................... 97 !Jurisdiction Ratione Materae .............................. 98 ii. Debts Arising From Negotiable Instruments ............... 99 b. Procedure For an Order of Injunction to Pay, Deliver or Return Specific Personal Property .......................... 103
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i. Form of the Application ....................................... 104 ii. Service on the Debtor of the Order of Injunction to Pay, Deliver or Return Specific Personal Property ............ 106 S.III. Third-Party and Inter-pleader Proceedings ......................... 112 A. Third-Party Proceedings. ............................................. 112 a. Origin and Scope of the Rule ..................................... 113 i. Contribution and/or Indemnity .............................. 115 ii. Same Relief Claimed in Respect of Same Subject Matter . 116 b. Common question or Issue to be Determined between Plaintiff, Defendant and Third Party .......................... 117 i. The object of Third-party Proceedings ...................... 118 ii. Procedure ....................................................... 120 B. Inter Pleader Proceedings ............................................. 125 a. Origin and Scope ................................................... 125 b. Commencement of The Proceedings ............................ 127 c. Mode of Commencement ......................................... 130 Part Two Pre-Application Considerations ............................... 133 Chapter Four Parties ....................................................................................... 135 S.I. Classes of Persons ........................................................ 135 A. Human Beings .......................................................... 135 a. Suits by Infants and Persons of Weak or Unsound Mind .... 136 b. Suits Against Infants and Persons of weak or Unsound Mind . 138 c. Application Procedure ............................................. 139 B. Persons in Contemplation of Law and Representative Capacity 140 a. Persons In Contemplation of Law ............................... 140 b. Parties in Representative Capacity .............................. 142 S.II. Joinder of Parties ........................................................ 147 A. Joinder of Parties Proper ............................................. 147 a. Joinder of Parties as Plaintiffs ................................... 148 b.Joinder of Parties as Defendants .................................. 153 B. Parties by Intervention ................................................ 155 a. Procedure For Intervention ...................................... 159 b. The Effects of Intervention. ...................................... 160
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S.III. Joinder of Causes of Action. ........................................... A. Definition and Scope of The Rule .................................... a. Definition of Cause of Action ..................................... b. The Scope of The Rule ............................................. B. Proper Joinder ........................................................... a. The Principles of Joinder .......................................... b. Remedy for Wrongful Joinder of Causes ........................ S.IV. Power of the Court to Order Separate Trials .......................
160 161 161 163 163 164 165 166
Chapter Five Service of Process and Appearance of Parties. ..................... 169 A. Service of Process ..................................................... 169 a. Manner of Service ................................................. 171 i. Types of Personal Service .................................... 172 ii. Substituted Service ............................................ 174 b. Service out of Jurisdiction ........................................ 176 i. Principles Upon Which Leave To Serve Outside Jurisdiction is Granted ....................................... 180 ii. Cases Where Service Out of Jurisdiction May be Ordered 182 iii.Procedure For Leave to Serve Process Out of Jurisdiction 184 c. Service in Cameroon for Foreign Tribunals ................... 185 d. Proof of service, Expenses and Recording ..................... 186 B. Appearance .............................................................. 187 a. Mode of Entering Appearance ................................... 188 b. Conditional and Unconditional Appearance ................... 189 c. Default of Appearance ............................................. 190 Part. Three. Matters To Be Considered Pendante Lite. ............... 191 Chapter Six. Alteration of Parties And The Consolidation of Actions ....... 193 S.I. Alteration of Parties. ..................................................... 194 A. Abatement of Actions ................................................. 194 B. Survival of Causes ..................................................... 194 C. Application of The Order ............................................. 195 a. Death of a Party .................................................... 196
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b. Bankruptcy of a Party .............................................. 200 c. Assignment, Transmission or Devolution of the Interest or Liability of a Party ............................................ 202 d. Procedure ............................................................ 203 i. Form of The Application ...................................... 204 ii. Service of The Order .......................................... 204 e. Application to Discharge Order To Carry on Suit ............ 205 S.II. Consolidation of Actions ............................................... 205 A. When Consolidation May Be Ordered ............................. 206 B. Procedure For Seeking Consolidation .............................. 208 Chapter Seven Interim Relief ............................................................................. 211 S.I.Interlocutory Orders as to Injunction ................................... 211 A. Power of the Court to Grant Interlocutory Orders of Injunction . 213 B. Principles Upon Which The Courts Act. ........................... 215 C. Procedure For Applying For Interlocutory Order of Injunction 222 S.II. Interim Attachment of Property. ...................................... 223 A. The Mareva Practice .................................................. 225 a. Origin and Scope of The Mareva Practice ..................... 226 b. Principles On Which The Court Acts ........................... 231 i. The Strength of The Plaintiff’s Case ........................ 232 ii. Risk of Dissipation of Assets ................................ 235 c. Procedure For Applying For An Order of Mareva Injunction 237 d. Qualifying The Mareva Injunction .............................. 238 B. The Anton Pillar Practice ............................................ 243 a. Power of The Court to Grant An Injunction By Anton Pillar Order. ........................................... 245 b. Limitation on The Courts’ Power To Grant The Anton Pillar Order ........................................... 246 c. Discharge or Setting Aside of The Order ...................... 250 Chapter Eight Arrest of Absconding Defendant and of Ship ........................ 251 S.I. Arrest of Absconding Defendant ....................................... 251 S.II. Arrest and Detention of a Ship ........................................ 255 A. When The Arrest, Detention And Stoppage of Clearance will Be Ordered ........................................................ 255
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B. Reparation For Needless Arrest, Detention and Stoppage of Clearance ............................................................ 256 Chapter Nine Affidavits and Motions Generally ............................................ 259 S.I. The Affidavit .............................................................. 259 A. The Nature of An Affidavit .......................................... 260 B. The Content of An Affidavit ......................................... 261 C. The Layout of The Affidavit ......................................... 262 S.II. Motions Generally. ...................................................... 263 A. Types of Motion and Content. ....................................... 264 a. Types of Motion .................................................... 264 i. Motion on Notice. .............................................. 264 ii. Motions Ex Parté. ............................................. 265 iii. Oral Motions. .................................................. 266 b. The content of a Motion .......................................... 266 i. Content of the Motion Paper. ................................ 266 ii. The affidavit in Support of Motion. ........................ 269 B. Hearing of Motions. ................................................... 270 a. The Taking of Evidence. .......................................... 271 b. Hearing of Ex Parte Motions. .................................... 271 S.III. The Implications of S.13 (2) of Law N° 89/019 of 29 December 1989. .................................................... 273 A. The Genesis of This Provision. ...................................... 273 a. The 1984 Civil and Commercial Procedure Code. ........... 274 b. The Purport of Section 34 of Ordinance N° 72/4 of 26 August 1972. ................................................ 275 B. The Jurisdiction of the President of the Court of First Instance.276 a. Jurisdiction in Matters of Référé. ................................ 276 i. The Ordinary Référé. .......................................... 277 ii. The Référé d’Heure à Heure. ................................ 277 b. Ordonnances Sur Requête. ........................................ 279 Conclusion. ..................................................................... 286
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Part Four. Pleadings. ................................................................ 289 Chapter Ten History and Functions of Pleadings ........................................ 291 S.I. History of Pleadings ...................................................... 291 A. Codification and Rationalisation of the Rules ..................... 293 B. Form of Modern Pleadings ........................................... 294 S.II. Functions of Pleadings. ................................................. 295 A. Determination of Issue or Issues .................................... 297 B. Advantages of Pleadings .............................................. 297 Chapter Eleven The Content of Pleadings ........................................................ 301 S.I. Guiding Principles and Rules ........................................... 301 A. The Guiding Principles ............................................... 302 1. Material Facts, Not Law .......................................... 302 2. Material Facts, Not Evidence .................................... 305 3. Material Facts and All Material Facts Only ................... 307 4. All Material Facts To Be Stated Positively, Precisely, Concisely and in Summary Form ............................... 310 5. Matters, Which Must be Specifically Pleaded ................. 312 6. Specification of Relief or Remedy Claimed ................... 316 B. The Importance and Function of Particulars ...................... 318 S.II. Answering the Opponent’s Pleadings ................................ 320 A. The statement of Defence ............................................ 320 B. Methods of Answering the Opponent’s Pleadings ................ 322 a. Traverse .............................................................. 323 b. Confession and Avoidance ........................................ 329 c. Objection in Point of Law ........................................ 331 Chapter Twelve Modification and Close of Pleadings. ..................................... 337 S.I. Striking Out Pleadings and Amending Pleadings .................... 337 A. Grounds For Striking Out Pleadings ................................ 338 a. Where no Cause of Action or Defence is Disclosed .......... 338 b. Where Action or Defence is Frivolous, Vexatious or an Abuse of Process ........................................... 339
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c. Where Objectionable Matter is Included ........................ B. Amending Pleadings. ................................................... a. Principles Governing The Grant of Leave To Amend. ........ b. Effect of Amendment. .............................................. S.II. Close of Pleadings and Computation of Time. ....................... A. Close of Pleadings ...................................................... B. Computation of Time ................................................... S.III. Failure to File and Serve Pleadings. ................................. A. Failure of Plaintiff to File Pleadings. ............................... B. Order to Dismiss. ...................................................... C. Failure of Defendant to File Statement of Defence. ..............
341 343 343 345 346 347 347 348 349 351 352
Chapter Thirteen Set-off and Counterclaim ......................................................... 355 A. Principles that Govern These Two Concepts. ..................... 355 a. Set Off. .............................................................. 356 b. Counterclaim. ....................................................... 357 B. Procedure For Making a Set Off or Counterclaim ............... 360 Part Four Procedure From Close Of Pleadings To The Trial And Appeal. ..................................................................... 363 Chapter Fourteen Documentary Evidence. ........................................................... 365 A. Principles For Ordering Discovery. ................................ 366 a. Documents Disclosable on An Order For Discovery ......... 368 b. Procedure For Discovery. ........................................ 369 B. Production And Inspection of Documents. ........................ 370 a. Production of Documents. ........................................ 371 b. Inspection of Documents. ......................................... 373 C. Interrogatories. ......................................................... 373 a. Procedure For Interrogatories .................................... 374 b. Answering Interrogatories. ....................................... 375
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Chapter Fifteen The Trial. ................................................................................... 379 S.I. Setting Down, Fixtures, Postponement and Attendance of Parties. . 380 A. Sittings and Fixtures. .................................................. 380 a. Entry of Causes in the Cause List and Order of Business at Sittings. . 380 b. Postponement of the Hearing. .................................... 381 B. Non-attendance of Parties At the Hearing. ......................... 383 a. Failure of either Party To Attend at Hearing. ................. 384 i. Failure of Plaintiff To Appear at Hearing. ................. 384 ii. Failure of Defendant To Attend at The Hearing. ........ 385 b. Remedy Against Decision In The Absence of a Party. ...... 386 i. Re-listing a Cause, which has been Struck Out. .......... 387 ii. Procedure to Re-list a Cause Struck Out or To Set Aside a Judgment obtained in Default of Appearance .. 388 S.II. The Hearing. ............................................................. 389 A. Preparation of Evidence. ............................................. 389 a. Proof by Witnesses. ................................................ 390 b. Proof by Documents. .............................................. 391 B. Procedure at The Hearing. ........................................... 392 a. Presentation of the Respective Cases of the Parties. ........ 393 i. The Case For the Plaintiff. ................................... 393 ii. Case For the Defendant. ...................................... 394 b. The Examination and Cross-examination of Witnesses. ..... 395 i. Examination-in-Chief. ......................................... 396 ii. Cross - Examination. .......................................... 397 iii. Re - Examination ............................................. 400 Chapter Sixteen. Judgment and Appeal .............................................................. 401 A. Origin and Scope of The 1989 Law ................................ 403 a. The Position Between 1966 and 1989 ........................... 404 i. A General View of The 1989 Law. ......................... 404 ii. The Court of Appeal is Sole Judge of The Regularity of An Appeal .................................................. 405 b. Form of Making An Appeal ..................................... 406 i. Provisional Execution as an Exception to The Suspensive Effect of an Appeal ........................................... 406
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ii. Classes of causes or matters not affected by an appeal .. 407 B. The Classes of Causes or Matters Defined ......................... 408 a. Where Stay of Execution May be Granted ...................... 409 i. Method of Applying For Suspension of Provisional Enforcement ................................................... 409 ii. Procedure For Making Application ......................... 410 b. The repeal of The Anglo-Saxon Traditional Methods of Enforcement. ................................................... 411 Index ............................................................................. 413
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Preface. Practice and procedure in the North-West and South-West Provinces remains both dynamic and vibrant, having regard to the intermittent intervention by Parliament in this domain of the law and the interaction of the Civil Law system with the Anglo-Saxon heritage of these two provinces. In writing any textbook on this subject, the preliminary task reposes in defining the scope of the material to be included and the approach to be followed in relation to that material. This task is made the more problematic by the many varying depths to which the subject is taught in the different law faculties of the various universities of Cameroon, the professional school of magistracy and the Bar Association. As a result, such a book must incorporate sufficient information to enable the law teacher, the student and the professional to have a clear understanding of the context in which function the courts that apply the rules of law discussed therein. I have addressed the subject in this manner and provided contextual and conceptual explanations, which go beyond pure law, while also adequately encompassing the law as it is. It is hoped that some of the comments and insinuations made with respect to the existing state of the law in this regard will greatly influence the attitude of the lawmaker as it revisits this subject in its characteristic sporadic manner. The book begins with an introduction that consists of a succinct presentation of the motivations that led me into assuming the task of writing a textbook on the subject and the approach adopted. The text is divided into five parts and sixteen chapters, each chapter consisting of as many sections and sub-headings as the material requires. Few people will want to read the book through from beginning to end, but each of the parts might well be read in this manner.
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Part One, which is dedicated to the treatment of the various methods of commencement of proceedings and related matters in the High Courts of the North-West and South-West Provinces starts in the very first chapter by looking at the genesis of the High Court, its evolution and the tribulations it underwent until it assumed its present structure and functions. Chapter two deals with the various methods commonly in use in the commencement of actions. In treating proceedings commenced by application under a separate sub-heading, this led to a profound investigation into the prerogative writs and orders that fall within the province of the High Court in Cameroon and their generic concept of Judicial Review that is of central importance to the control of power and the doctrine of the Rule of Law in an increasingly complex web of both governmental and quasi-administrative regulation of the state of Cameroon. Chapter three covers the commencement of actions that do not quite qualify as substantive proceedings in the like of labour proceedings, the Summary Payment Injunction Procedures instituted by Cameroon Law and Third-party and Interpleader proceedings which concern “third persons� who, from the on set, are not implicated in the conflict that led to litigation between the parties. Part Two covers issues, which an intending litigant or counsel on his behalf must form a clear opinion on them, before he decides to bring a civil suit in the High Court. I have preferred to group them under the heading, "Pre-Application considerations." Thus, Chapter four is consecrated to an examination of issues that relate to parties to an action and the joinder of causes in one action while chapter five deals with service of process once proceedings have been properly commenced and the appearance of parties. Part Three treats issues that enhance the effective determination of the case between the parties and the various subsidiary matters that may require urgent determination during the pendency of an action. Accordingly, chapter six treats the various causes that may lead to the alteration of parties and the consolidation of actions pending in the same or different High Courts. Chapter seven deals with interim relief and recent developments in English Law such as the Mareva and the Anton Pillar practices which are relevant to some of the provisions of the OHADA Uniform Act with respect to the enforcement of judgments. Chapter eight deals with issues relating to the arrest of an absconding defendant and of a ship while chapter nine has been consecrated to an in depth treatment of motions and affidavits which constitute the essential instruments for commencement of these interlocutory proceedings.
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Part Four is wholly dedicated to a detailed treatment of the concept of pleadings. For reasons of convenience, this has been divided into four chapters; chapter ten being consecrated to the history and functions of pleadings, chapter eleven to the content of pleadings, chapter twelve to modifications and amendment of pleadings, while chapter thirteen covers the two notions of set off and counterclaim that form an integral part of pleadings. Part Five covers the process that begins when the exchange of pleadings has ended until trial and the method and manner of appeal if a party not satisfied with the judgment so desires. Thus, chapter fourteen treats the principles that govern documentary evidence sought to be produced at the trial and chapter fifteen is consecrated to the treatment of the trial proper while chapter sixteen covers judgment and the law relating to the method of making an appeal and its consequences. The task of writing a textbook in an otherwise busy political program of the main opposition party operating in an environment of an embryonic and nascent democracy has proved both challenging and demanding. Despite my busy schedule as national legal adviser and leader of the parliamentary group, I was determined to carry this task through, as there has been a real practical need for such a textbook on the subject. I bear full responsibility for viewpoints expressed and any material errors that may have slipped into its content. There is no gainsaying that for authors to reduce the burden of conception and thus resolve doubts, they customarily would have recourse to more learned colleagues. I am conscious that many of my colleagues, well qualified to advise, would have corrected errors, but the critical circumstances in which I found myself, with a heavy workload, I felt constrained to forego this advantage and admit the consequences of isolated judgment. I cannot, however, refrain from acknowledging my indebtedness to Barrister F.C. Ndobedi who was my pupil master and later associate in practice with whom I continuously discussed my early views in respect of a great deal of the material contained in this book. I must also give thanks to my secretary, Miss Mpongue Pauline who, from time to time, assisted in typing some parts of the work, which I wrote directly on paper when I was away from my computer. My large and unquantifiable debt of gratitude is owed to Professor C.N. Ngwasiri who took the pains to proof read the original scripts, gave valuable advice and made meaningful comments, which have greatly
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improved the quality of the work. The short distance in time when he was my teacher in company law at the University of Yaounde and our interaction within the political party to which we both belong since inception has certainly facilitated this editorial process. My thanks also go to the Presses Universitaires d’Afrique Publishers with whom it has been a pleasure to work. Rt. Honourable Joseph MBAH-NDAM January 2003
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Table of Cases A A and Another v. C and others (n°2) (1981) 2AER 126.............................. 238, 239 A.G Leventis & C° Ltd v. Joseph M.C. Obiako (1963) N.N.L.R.7..................... 350 A.G.v Drapers C° (1894) I.I.R.185 C.A............................................................. 183 A.G. v. Biphosphated Guano C°. 11 Ch.D.327.................................................. 315 A.G. v. Lord Mayor of Sheffield (1912) 106 L.T.367.......................................... 315 A.J Bekhor & C° Ltd v. Bilton (1981) 2AER 565................................ 230, 240, 244 Abongmagbe Bank Ltd v. General Manager, G.B Ollivant LTd & Another......... 141 Accra College (Cocoa) ltd v. Alan Radlay Thomas (1947) 12 W.A.C.A. 160..... 207 Adams v. A (1892) 1.Ch 369.............................................................................. 358 Aderibighbe Jeoba v. Osho Owonifari (1974) 10 S.C. 157................................ 152 Adkins v. North Metropolitan Tranway C° (1893) 63 L.J.Q.B. 361................... 320 Adkins v. N. Met. Trainway c° (1893) 10 T.L.R 1731......................................... 326 Agency C°/Ltd v.Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance (Cameroon) Ltd; Suit° HCSW/28/81 ............................................................................................... 57 Agnew v. Usher (1884) 14 Q.B.D.78................................................................. 183 Akinelose & Ors v. A.I.T Ltd & Ors (1961, WNL.R) 116................................... 218 Alawode and Ors v. Semo F.S.C.27 ................................................................... 49 Albacam v. Innous (1936) 2 AER 834................................................................ 351 Alcoy Gandia Rly & Harbour C° Ltd v. Greenhill (1896) 1 Ch.19.................... 367 Aletum Tabuwe Michael v. Nchotu William & Anor Suit n° HCB/22/76 unreported....................................................................................................46, 54, 359 African Continental Bank Ltd v. Josephat Agbanyin (1960) 5.F.S.C.19............ 382 Alfred Compton Amusement Machines Ltd v. Commrs of Customs and Excise (1974) A.C. 405................................................................................................... 244 Amachne and Others v. Nervington (1952) 14 W.A.C.A. 97............................... 148 Ambe Martin v. Siany Njeneh Joseph & Others; suit N° HCSW/30/80 ............. 57 American Cyanamid C° v. Ethicon Ltd (1975) IAER 504....... 45, 216, 217, 218 233 Amodu Rufai & Others v. Chief Imam Momodu Ligali & Ors (1941) 16 N.L.R 23....... 141
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Amon v. Bobert. 22 Q.B.D. p.548....................................................................... 358 Amon v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Ltd (195-) 1.AER. 273...................................... 156 Andrew V. Kitken (1892) 21 CH..D. 175............................................................ 199 Anglo-Cyprian Trade Agencies Ltd v. Paphos Wine Industries Ltd (1951) 1 AER 873... 317 Ankure, Suit n° AK.51/65 ruling dated July 8, 1966......................................... 266 Anlaby v. Praetorins, 20 Q.B.D.771.................................................................. 352 Anton Pillar KG v. Manufacturing Processes Ltd, (1076) I AER 779... 243, 245, 249 Appolonia M. Mboudou v. Pascal Mboudou & Theresa Menjongho (1973) U.Y.L.R............................................................................................................. 16, 30 Arab Bank Ltd v. Ross (1952) 2 Q.B.216........................................................... 102 Aries Tanker Corporation v. Total Transport, Ltd (1977) I AER.398................ 357 Armour v. Bate (1891) 2 Q.B.D.235.................................................................. 351 Arrêt N° 32/civ oc 19/7/1988 C.A. Littoral Province......................................... 281 Arrêt N° 32/civ of 19/9/1998 C.A Far North Province....................................... 281 Armison v. Smith, 40 CH. D. 567 C.A................................................................. 198 Ascherberg, Hopwood & Crew Ltd v. Casa Musical Sonzayuo de Pietro Stali S.N.C. (1971) 3 AER 38 C.A.............................................................................. 313 Asher v. Secretary of State (1974) Ch. 208........................................................ 340 Ashby V. Day, 45 L.T. 408................................................................................. 199 Associated Leisure Ltd v. Associated Newspaper Ltd (1970) 2 Q.B.450 p. 456.... 313 Astrovlanis Compania Naviera S.A v. Linard (1973) 2 Q.B.611.........................318 Assurance Chanas et Privat v. Busi Paul, C.S. n° 102/S of 19 August 1982...... 83 Ayers v. Hanson (1912) W.N.193...................................................................... 309 B B.O Benson v. Lawrence Utubor (1975) 3 S.C.19........................................ 56, 321 B.S.C v. Granada Television, supra p. 425......................................................... 249 Bagot v. Easten, 7 Ch. D.1................................................................................. 317 Banjo & Ors v. Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubin and Seraphin SC 245174, (1975) 3 SC p..3 ............................ 55 Bakarim v. Victoria P. Shipping C° Ltd, the Tatiangela (1980) Lloyds Rep.193.....233 Bailey v. Curson (1932) 2.K.B 393. C.A........................................................... 154 Bailey V. Howard (1939). I.K.B. 453 C.A.......................................................... 195 Banbury v. Bank of Montreal (1918) C.A at p.710............................................ 293 Bank of England v. Vagliano Bros (1891) A.C. 107. North & South Wales Bank Ltd v. Macbeth (1908) A.C. 137........................................................................ 101 Bankers Trust C° v. Shapera (1980) 3AER 353................................................. 242 Banque de l’Afrique Occidentale v. Alhadji Baba Sharfad & others (1963) N.N.L.R. 21 ................................................................................................... 86, 87 Banque etc v. G. O. Mar etc. (1962) I A. U. N. L. R 570...................................162
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Banque Genevoise de Commerce et de Crédit v. Cia Mar di Isola Spetsai (n°1) (1962) 1.ALL N.L.R.469 at p. 499...................................................................... 386 Banque De l’Afrique Occidental v. Alhadji Baba Sharfdi & Ors (1963) N.N.L.R. 21........................................................................................................ 261 Barclays Bank v. Tan (1922) A.E.R 279............................................................. 119 Barclays Bank D.C.O v. Menumatu Hassan....................................................... 314 Barclays-Johnson v. Yuil.(1980) 3AER 190.................................................. 229, 231 Barclays Bank D.C.O v. Sami Makki (1962) L.L.R. 25........................ 201, 202 254 Battersby v. Anglo-American n Oil, C° Ltd (1944) 2.AER. 387........................ 156 Bavins v. London and South-Western Bank (1900) I Q.B. 270............................ 101 Baxter v. France (1895) I.Q.B. 455 C.A..................................................... 119, 123 Beaton v. Boulton (1890) W.N. 30..................................................................... 203 Beddall v. Maitland (1881) 17 Ch. D. 181......................................................... 359 Beddow v. Beddow (1878) 9 Ch.89.................................................................... 213 Belt v. Lawes, 51 L.J. Q.B.359............................................................................ 305 Bello Addeke v. Falade Awoliyi & Anor (1962) I. ALL.N.L.R. 260 S.C............. 344 Belvoir Finance C° Ltd v. Harold G. Cole C° (1967) 2.AER.904....................... 314 Beneckee v. Trost (1876) I.QQ.BD 422, ex parte Young..................................... 119 Bennet Nzewi v. Standard Bank of Nigeria Ltd (1972) 2 .E.C. S.L.R. 63........... 152 Bentley Motors (1931) Ltd v. Lagonda (1945) 2.AER.211.................................. 157 Besley v. Besley (1888) 37 Ch.D. 648................................................................ 150 BICIC v. Allen Musa, suit n° HCSW/76/86 ......................................................... 46 Bildt v. Foy (1892) 9 T.L.R.34............................................................................ 362 Birmingham & District Land C° v. L.N.W.Rly, 34 ch. PP.273-375...................... 115 Birchal v. Birch, Crisp & C° (1913) 2 Ch. 375.C.A........................................... 367 Blackbrough and others v. British Motor Corporation & others (1969) 113 S.J 366 C.A ............................................................................................................. 244 Blackwall Railway v. Cross (1886) 31.Ch.D.369............................................... 217 Bloom v. National Federation (1918) W.N. 337................................................ 142 Blunt v. Blunt (1943) 2AER 76........................................................................... 213 Board v. Thomas Hedley C° (1951) 2AER 431.................................................... 244 Borneway v.Wilson 28 Ch.D 52.......................................................................... 201 Bottom v. Aynsley (1876) 3 Ch.D.288................................................................ 350 Bow Maclachlan & C° v. The Camosun (1909) A.C 597................................... 358 Bozson v. Altrincham U.D.C (1903) I.K.B.547 C.A.......................................... 351 BP Exploration (Libya) Ltd v. Hunt (1976) 3 AER 879.................................... 183 Bradford Corp. V. Pickles (1895-9) AER 984................................................... 214 Brewis v. Brewis (1893) WN6............................................................................ 213 British & Colonial Land Association Ltd v. Foster & Robins (1888) 4 T.L.R. 574......................................................................................................... 320 British Railways Board v. Pickin (1974) A.C.765............................................... 339
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British Anzani (Felixstowe) Ltd v. International Marine Management (U.K) Ltd (1979) 2 AER 1066............................................................................ 356 British Steel Corp. V. Granada Television Ltd (1981) IAER 417........................ 248 Broome v. Cassell & C° Ltd (1973) A.C.1027................................................... 312 Brown v. Weatherhead (1844) 4.hare 122............................................................ 137 Bruce v. Odhaus Press Ltd (1936) 3 AER p. 294............................................... 308 Buckingham v. Daily News Ltd (1956) 2 AER. 904........................................... 392 Burke v. Rooney 4 C.P.D.226............................................................................. 351 Bullock v. L.G.O C° Ltd (1907) 1.K.B. 264............................................... 153, 154 Bullus v. Bullus (1910) 102LT 399.................................................................... 213 Burmester v. Burmester (1913) p.76.................................................................... 213 Burnside v. Harrison Marks Production Ltd (1968) 1.W.L.R. 702.................. 150 Burstall V. Fearon (1883), 24 Ch.D 126............................................................ 197 Busch v. Stevens (1962) I AER 412................................................................... 310 Byrd v. Nunn (1878) 7 Ch.D. 284....................................................................... 326 Byrne v.Browne (1889) 22 Q.B.D. 657...................................................... 156, 157 C C.A Douala, judgment n° 147/S of 1 July, 1983 in Sangere v. Cie Sama. ........... 78 C.S. judgment n° 39/S of 8 February 1972 ......................................................... 76 C.S 14 June 1972 p. 621 ..................................................................................... 76 C.S 14 Dec. 1978. ............................................................................................... 76 C.S n° 34/S of 24 January 1985, n° 74/S of 6 June 1985. ................................... 83 C.S. n° 44/S of 14 February 1985 and n° 58/S of 4 April 1985 ............................ 83 C.S n° 24/S of 10 January 1985 and 34/S of 24 January, 1985 unreported............. 82 C.S n° 34/S of 24 January 1985, n° 74/S of 6 June 1985. ................................... 82 C.S 12 November 1969 Bull. N° 19 P. 2331 ....................................................... 84 Cameroon Bank Ltd v. F.Y. Gorgi Dinka; Suit n°HCSW/10/73 ........................... 46 Cameroon Bank v. Paul Sinju Suit n° HCSW/12/77 unreported........................ 360 Canadian Oil Works Corp. V. Hay (1878) 38 L.T.549...................................... 350 Cammins v. Perkins........................................................................................... 214 Campbell v. Thomson (1853) 1.Q.B.445. Winder v. Ward, The Times, Feb. 27, 1957...................................................................................................... 142 Campbell v. Holyland, 7.Ch.D.166.................................................................... 203 Campbell v. Thompson (1953) 1.AER.931.................................................... 144, 146 Carpenter v. Ebblewhite (1939) 1.K.B. 347 C.A. ............................................. 155 Carl Zevis Stifungh v. Herbet Smith & C° (1960) I Ch.9.................................... 333 Carter v. Stubbs, 6 Q.B.D.116............................................................................ 351 Carter v. Jones (1883) 6C.................................................................................. 391 Carr v. Morice (1873) 16 Eq.125........................................................................ 265 CFAO v. Poh Jean, C.S. 93/S of 14 April 1988.................................................... 80 Chambon v. Heigway (1890) 54 J. p.520............................................................ 352
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Chairman, L.E.D.B. v. Onimole & Ors (1940) 6 W.A.C.A. 96 ............................. 65 Chandris Shipping Corp. V. Unimarine S.A (1979) 2AER 972 Chartered Bank v. Daklouche (1980) IW.L.R 107,C.A...................................... 231 Chatsworth Investments Ltd v. Amoco (U.K) Ltd (1932) 2Ch. 122.................... 116 Chell Engineering, Ltd v. Unit Tool and Engineering C° Ltd (1950) 1 AER 378........................................................................................................... 360 Chief Ferguson Williams & Victoria Traditional Council v. South-West Provincial Chief of service for lands (1973) U.Y.L.R p.78 .................................. 16 Chief Sam Warri Esi v. Shell B.PBP Petroleum Development Co of Nigeria Ltd. (1958) 3 F.S.C.94. ...................................................................................... 152, 203 Cropper v. Smith................................................................................................ 342 Chief J.I.G Anyia v. Governor in Council (1962) 2 ALL.N.L.R.174.................. 344 Chief Sam Warri Esi & Shell BP Development Co of Nigeria and Ohi Warri v. Shell BP Development Co of Nigeria (1959) W.R.N.L.R. 145........................... 206 Child v. Stenning (1877)5.Ch.D.885 ................................................................. 164 Childs v. Gibson (1954) 2 AER 243.................................................................. 360 Christopher Nnodi v. B.O. Okafor (1963), N.N.L.R 42..................................... 155 Church of Scientology of California v Development of Health & Social Security (1979) 3 AER.97................................................................................... 369 Clarapede & C° v. Commercial Union Association (1883) 32 W.R 262.............. 344 Clough v. Clough (1968) I A.E.R 1179 C.A. ...................................................... 350 Coles and Brown (1886)L.R.I.P. & D 70........................................................... 394 Colls v. Home and Colonial Stores Ltd (1904-7) AER 5................................... 214 Commissioner of Lands & Ors v. Asagie and Anor. (1973) 6SC 155.................... 64 Compagnie Financière et Commerciale du pacifique v. Peruvian Guano C° (1882) II Q.B.D.55...................................................................................... 244, 368 Copinger v. Norton (1905) 21 r.R.242................................................................ 314 Cook v. Gille (1837) L.R 80 at p. 108................................................................. 161 Cordova Land C° v. Black Diamond Steamship Corporation (1966) I W.L.R.793 ......................................................................................................... 184 Cordova Land C° Ltd v. Victor Brothers Inc (1966) 1. W.L.R. 793.................... 180 Court of Appeal Caw/ 33/68 of June 1969......................................................... 314 Cribb v. Freyberger (1919) W.N. 22(4). ............................................................ 190 Cropper v. Smith (1884) 26 Ch.D.700................................................................ 343 Crouine v. Moore (1936) 3A.E.R. 177.C.A........................................................ 183 Crossfield v. Manchester Ship Canal C° (1904) 2 Ch.123................................. 315 Cuban Atlantic Sugar Sales Corp. V. Compania de Vapores (1960) I AER.141.C.A..................................................................................................... 184 Cullen v. Knowles (1898), 2. Q.B. 380............................................................... 150 Cunard v. Antifyre Ltd (1932) AER 558............................................................. 214
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D D & Q Property C° Ltd v. Lotus Cars Ltd and Others The Times, Law Report, June 28, 1996...................................................................................................... 182 Darley Main Colliery C° v. Mitchell (1886) II App. Cas. 127............................ 400 Davey v. Bentinck (1893) 1 Q.B.85.................................................................... 335 Davison v. Farmer (1851) 6 Exch. Rep. 242 ...................................................... 177 Davy v. Garnett 7 Ch. D. 489.......................................................................313, 317 Davy v. Garret (1878) 7 Ch.D. 473.................................................................... 306 Dawkins v. Sinovetti, 29 W.R.228...................................................................... 189 Daws v. Daily Sketch & Daily Graphic (1960) 1 AER. 397........................ 206, 209 Day v. Uclea, 22.Q.B.D 610, D & C. Builders v. Rees (1966) 2.Q.B 617. C.A... 315 Dering v. Winchelsea I. Cox, 318 ...................................................................... 115 Distillers C° (Biochemicals) Ltd v. Times Newspaper (1975) I AER. 41.............369 Divisional Chief Gbogbolulu of Vakpo v. Head Chief Hodo of Anfoega Akukome (1941) 7.W.A.C.A. at p.165................................................................ 152 Domingo Paul v. Mrs F.A. George (1959) 4 F.S.C 198......................................... 4 Dominion Flour Rules Ltd v. Abimbola George (1960) L.L.R 53...................... 343 Donwar Productions v. Bart (1967) 2AER 338......................................... 215, 217 Dr. Daniel N. Lantum v. Cameroon Development Corporation, Suit n° LCB/46/71.. 46 Duke V.Davis, (1893), 2 Q.B. 260..................................................................... 198 Duke v. Wisden (1879) 77 L.T. 67.............................................................. 306, 318 Duke of Bedford’s case....................................................................................... 144 Dummer v. Brown (1953) I.B 710 ....................................................................... 89 E E.M.I Ltd v. Pandit (1975) IAER 418................................................................ 245 E.M.I Ltd v. Sarwar (1977) F.S.R 146............................................................... 246 E.N.D.C. v. Uwaechia, 10 EN.L.R.G. ............................................................... 387 E.R. Usen v. B.W.A Ltd (1965) I A.LL.N.L.R. 244............................................. 313 Eaglehill Ltd v. J. Needham Builders Ltd (1973) A.C. 992................................ 102 Eastern Nigeria Development Corporation v. Felix Durana (1966-67)10 E.N.L.R. 2O1 ...................................................................................................... 88 Eaton v. Storer (1882) 22 Ch.D.91..................................................................... 350 Ebenezer Tita v. Universal Supermarkets Ltd and Reputable Repairs Ltd. Suit n° HCSW/14/77 unreported......................................................................... 122 Edelit Ltd V. Elias Kawa & Ors Ltd (1966) N.M.L.R 289................................. 164 Edward Attah & Ors v. Obi Nnacho & Ors. (1965) N.M.L.R. 28 F.S.C...... 146, 208 Efiong Duke & Ors v. Etubon Henshaw (1940) 6 W.A.C.A. 200....................... 146 Ejamike v. Ejamike and others, 2E.C.S.L.R.II.................................................... 266 Eko Odume &Ors v.Mme Nnachi & Ors (1964) All N.L.R 329......................... 352 Ekun & Ors v. Messrs Younan & Sons & Anor. (1959) W.R. N.L.R. 190....... 154, 164, 206 Elinville (1904) P. 319 ....................................................................................... 102
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Elleington v. London Association for the Protection of Trade (1911)27 T.L.R.329........................................................................................................... 305 Elliot v. Bax Ironside (1925) 2K.B.301.............................................................. 103 Ellis v. Wadeson (1899) 1.Q.B. 714............................................................. 141, 199 Embiricos v. Anglo-Australian Bank (19O5) IK.B 677...................................... 103 Emi Ltd v. Pandit (1975) IAER 418................................................................... 244 Emmanuel Okon Sanor v. Katsanis Authanasius (1917), I Union of the L.R. 140...4 Emmanuel Kofi Mensah v. Emily Ayuk Mensah, 1966, U.Y.L.R. p.106 ............. 15 Emmanuel Ademran v. Sumom Akande, unreported........................................... 266 Emmanuel Nebon Tamakloe v. The Basel Trading C° Ltd (1940) 6 W.A.C.A. 231...313 Emmanuel Ekong v. Tobias Samba & Michael Zang Suit n° HCSW/-/81, High Court Buea, unreported.............................................................................. 333 Esiaka v. Obiasogwo. 14 W.A.C.A C.A. 187..................................................... 160 Eshelby v. Fed. European Bank (1932) I.K.B 254.............................................. 346 Esso Petroleum C° Ltd v. South Port Corporation (1965) A.C 218 ............. 80, 298 Etablissement Esefka International Anstalt v. Central Bank of Nigeria (1980) I AER 480..227 Etablissement Esefka International Austalt v. Central Bank of Nigeria (1979) Lloyd’s Rep. 448................................................................................................. 227 Evans v. Bartlam (1937) A.C. 473. ................................................................... 388 Everett v Ribbands (1952) 2Q.B 198 at p.208.................................................... 331 Ex.P. Brocklebank (1877) Ch.D. 358................................................................. 137 Ezeanta v. G.M. Nigeria Rlg (1956) L.L.R. 56 ................................................... 49 F Farey-Jones (Insurance) Ltd v. IFM Funding GMBH (1979) C.A Transcript 223.......................................................................................... 181, 233, 234 Faith Paulon Property v. Hodgelt’s (1981) 2AER 877...................................... 214 Farrell v. Secretary of State for Defence (1980) IW.L.R 172............................. 298 Felicia Adeleke v. Victor A. Williams (1944) 10 W.C.A.164 ................................ 67 Fernee v. Gorlitz (1915) 1.Ch. 177.................................................................... 136 Fellows v. Barrett (1836) 1;Keen, 119............................................................... 137 Fellows & Sons v. Fisher. (1975) 2AER 829 C.A.............................................. 217 Fielbank Ltd v. E. Stein (1961) 3 A.E.R. 681 ..................................................... 90 Festus Gbadebo & Anor v. Samuel Fadiora & Anor........................................... 314 Flour Mills of Nigeria Ltd v. R.I.. Osian (1968) 2 ALL N.L.R. 13..................... 261 Foncar v. Suidair, 33T.C.R.318......................................................................... 334 Forbes v. Samuel (1913) 3 K.B.706................................................................... 391 Franco v. Datty (1923) W.N 45................................................................... 200, 201 Friedlandeer v. London Assurance C° (1832) 2L.J.K.B.16............................... 394 Fry v. Moore, 23 Q.B.D 395.............................................................................. 189 Fussel v. Dowding. 27 Ch.D 241........................................................................ 203 Furness v. Pickering (19O8) 2 ch P. 227............................................................ 123 Furness v. Booth (1876) 4 Ch.D.587.................................................................. 359
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G G.B Ollivant and C° v. Akinsanga & Anor, I0 N.L.R 73.................................... 342 Gbadamosi Adewoyin & ors v. Bello Adedibu & ors (1958) W.R.N.L.R.145.... 167 G.L Baker Ltd v. Medcroy Building & supplies Ltd............................................ 343 Ganter-Ngringeh Ernest v. Dan N. Luma Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance (Cameroon) Ltd HCSW/42/79 ............................................................ 59 Gardiner Steel Ltd v. Sheffield Brothers (Profiles) Ltd (1978) 3.A.E.R.399........ 90 Gautret v. Egerton (1867) L.R.2C.p 371............................................................. 303 Geilinger v. Gibbs (1897) 1.Ch. 479.................................................................. 136 George Monro Ltd v. the American Cyanamid And Chemical Corporation (1944) K.B. 432.................................................................................................. 184 George Akinwade Jones & Anor v. H.S.A. Thomas & Ors (1928) 9 N.L.R. 63.... 382 Gillet (1889) 148D.158, Waterhouse v. Waterhouse (1893) p. 284................... 213 Godfred Fogam v. Mankon Customary Court 1972 ; Suit HCB/83m/72 ............. 20 Goldman v. Cox (1924) 40T.L.R.744................................................................. 103 Goodson v. Grierson (1908) I.K.B 761.............................................................. 338 Gov’t v. Rowney Sunday Pictorial Ltd, 41 T.L.R 229......................................... 149 Greenlands Ltd v. Wilmshurst (1913) 3.K.B. 507............................................... 153 Greenwood v.Humber Co1 Manson, 42................................................................ 201 Grove in Hall v. L & N.W Rly (1877) 35 L.T. 848.............................................. 326 Gurtner v. Circuit (1968) 1.AER.328 .......................................................... 157, 158 Guy v. Churchill 40 Ch. D. 481........................................................................... 203 H Habib v. Principal Immigration Officer 3 F.S.C 75............................................ 267 Hall v. Eve, 4 Ch.D. p.345................................................................................. 310 Hald v. Banstead, 3 Q.B.D. 453......................................................................... 201 Hallmark Cards Inc. V. Image Arts Ltd (1977) F.S.R 150.................. 246, 249, 250 Hamilton v. Spottiswoode (1894) 4. Ex; 200....................................................... 101 Hammond v. Schofield (1891) 1 Q.B. 453.......................................................... 147 Hampshire C.C v. Shonleigh Nominees Ltd (1970) I W.L.R. 865....................... 341 Hanak v. Green.................................................................................................. 356 Hardie and Lane Ltd v. Chilton (1928) 1.K.B. 663.................................... 146, 158 Harman Pictures N.V v. Osborne (1967) 2AER 324.......................................... 215 Harris v. Gamble Harris v. Gamble (1878) 7 CH. D. 877................................... 325 Hurman Ebet v. Alhaji Yarima Kassin (1966) N.M.L.R.123.............................. 350 Hart v. Hart & Pickles Ltd (1968) 3 AER p. 293................................................ 351 Hayward v. Pullinger and Partners, Ltd (1950) I AER 581................................ 317 Heathley v. Mc Andrew (1896) W.N. 38............................................................. 146 Helen Namondo Lotonge (an infant) v. Robert Ndi Taryon, Suit n° HCSW/35/78 High Court Buea, unreported............................................ 332 Hemelryck v. William Lyall Shipbuilding C° (1921) A.C 698............................ 183
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Hendon v. Adelman............................................................................................. 103 Hermaman v. Smith (1885) 106.......................................................................... 161 Hibernian etc Co V. Fottrel, 13 L.R. Ir. 335....................................................... 199 Higgins v. Scott (1888) 21 Q.B.D.10................................................................. 353 Hollis v. Palmer (1836) 2 Bing N.C 173............................................................ 310 Homan v. Johnson, Cow. p.341......................................................................... 314 Hooton v. Dalby (1907) 2K.B.18....................................................................... 375 Horwood v. British Statesman Publishing Co Ltd (1929) W.N.28..................... 206 Howard v. Howard (1892) 30 L.R. 1r. 340......................................................... 202 Hubbuck & sons v. Wilkinson (1899) 1Q.B 86.................................................. 338 Hubbard & Anor v. Vosper & Anor (1972) IAER 1023C.A.............................. 215 Hubbard v. Pitt (1975) 3AER 1.C.A.................................................................. 218 Hunt & Winterbottom (West of England), Ltd v. R.R.S. (Parcels) Ltd (1962) I.Q.B.C.A............................................................................................... 314 I Idam Ugwo & Anor v. Nwaji Aba & Ors (1961) ALL N.L.R. 438..................... 388 Industries Inc. V. Gattiher (1978) 3W.L.R 637.................................................. 246 Imam Lawani Lediju V. Daini Odulaja (1949) 17 N.L.R. 15............................. 206 In the Estate of Knight (1935) 35T.L.R. 992...................................................... 199 In the Estate of Simpson, In the Estate of Gunning (1936) p.40......................... 199 Ismael Uchendu & Sogerco Insurance C°, Suit n° HCSW/75/70 ........................ 60 Independent Automatic Sales, Ltd v. Knowles & Foster (1962) I W.L.R.974..... 332 Iraq Ministry of Defence v. Arcepey Shipping C° SA (Gillespie Bros & C° Ltd intervening) (1980) IAER 480............................................................... 228, 239 Ireagh v. Harris (1929) 2 Ch. 42, Tassel v. Hallen (1892) 1 Q.B.321................ 183 Iris Winifred Horn v. Robert Rickard (1963) N.N.L.R. 67................................. 262 Isaac Fadu & 14 Ors v. Samuel Yaro & 10 Ors Arrêt N° 79/CC of 17 September 1990, S.C. .............................................................................. 143 Isaiah Mofor v. Ismael Uchendu & Sogerco Insurance C°, suit N° HCSW/75/70.. 54 Ivo Ezera v. Inyima Ndukwe (1962) ALL N.L.R. 330........................................ 152 J J. Ballinger S.A v. Gold well (1971) R.P.C 412 ................................................ 315 J.C. Ngwang (Trading as Decorating Arts Enterprise) v. Cameroon Bank Ltd Suit N° HCSW/55/77 unrep. and confirmed on appeal in Suit N° CASWP/11/79 unrep........................................................................ 46, 164 Jackson v. N.E. Rly 5Ch. D. 844................................................................. 200, 201 Jagger v. Jagger (1926) AER 613............................................................ 213, 214 Jaiker v. Karl 40 Ch.D.449................................................................................ 203 James Lamont (James) C° Ltd v. Hyland (195O) IK.B. 585............................. 103 James Nelson & Sons Ltd v. Nelson Luie Ltd (1906) 2K.B 217.......................... 367
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Jay v. Budd (1898)1 Q.B.D.12 at p. 16.............................................................. 175 J.G. Mokosso v. N.D. Galega suit n° CASSW/11/88 (unreported) ...................... 68 J.J.Taladi v. Abiola Adeseye (1973) 1.N.M.L.R 8.S.C; Bennetts v.Mellwraith 2 Q.B.486........................................................................................................... 164 J.S Talabi v. Abiola Adeseye............................................................................... 165 Jefford v. Gee (1970) I AER 1202...................................................................... 401 Jenks V. Clifden, (1929) 1 CH.D. 94.................................................................. 195 Jeremiah Nsima v. Ole Nnaji & Ors. (1961) ALL N.L.R. 58 ............................. 143 John Holt & C° (Liverpool) Ltd v. Henry Fajemiriken, 1961. All N.L.R. 492 . 86, 87 John Lancaster Radiators Ltd v. general Motor Radiator C° Ltd (1946) 2 AER.685.......................................................................................................... 326 John Mokake Elali v. Brasseries du Cameroun ; Suit n° HCSW/35/75........... 46, 54 Jones V. Simmes, 43 Ch.D. 607; Jenks V. Clifden............................................... 195 Jones v. Turner (1875) W.N 239........................................................................ 306 Jones Adeye v. E.T Adevoyin & Ors (1960) 5F.S.C.146..................................... 223 Johnson v. Stephens & Carter (1923) 2.K.B. 875............................................... 150 Johnson v. Taylor Bros (1920) A.C 144, Cordova Land daily record (1907) I K.B 853 C.A Rosler v. Hilbery (1925) Ch. 250.............................................. 184 Joseph I.M. Yemba v. West Cameroon Electricity Corporation; Suit n° WCL/8/72... 46 Judgment n° 165/Civ of 15 Mars 1973 ............................................................... 85 K Kaye v. Southerland (1887) 20 Q.B.D.147......................................................... 183 Kaye v. Levinson (1950) I AER 594................................................................... 351 Kendall v. Hamilton (1879) A.C. 504........................................................ 141, 155 Keen v. Towler (1924) 41. T.L.R. 86.................................................................. 154 Kennedy v. Dadson (1895) I Ch.334.................................................................. 375 Kiho v. Rudkin 2 Ch.D. 160............................................................................... 203 King v. Davenport 4 Q.B.D 402......................................................................... 351 Knapp v Harvey (1911) 2K.B.725...................................................................... 375 Kofi Mensa v. Ayuk Mensah (1968-70). U.Y.L.R. p. 106 ................................... 30 Knowles v. Robert’s (1888) 38Ch.D. p.263......................................................... 335 Kok Hoong v. Leong etc Mines, Ltd (1964) P.C.993 P.C. .................................. 190 Kolchmannvi Meurice (1903) I K.B. 534. C.A................................................... 183 Krechi v. United Africa C° Ltd (1952) 20 N.L.R34........................................... 346 Kreditbank Cassel v. Schenker Ltd (1927) 1K.B. 826........................................ 103 Kwame v. Barnier, 6 W.A.C.A. 249................................................................... 343 Kutz v. Spence, 36 Ch.D.774.............................................................................. 345 L L.G.O. C° Ltd v. Lavell (1901) 1 Ch. 135.......................................................... 392 La Grange v. McAndrew (1879) 4 Q.B.D.210.................................................. 350 Laiburu Ltd v. Building & Civil Engineering Contractors (1962) 1.ALL N.L.R. 387 (S.C)..................................................................................... 151
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Laurie v. Raglan Building C° Ltd (1941) AER 332............................................ 392 Laws and others v. Floriplace Ltd and Another (1981) 1AER 659............ 214, 219 Lawal Adebesi & Ors v. Salin Oke (1967) N.M.L.R 64..................................... 314 Lawrence v. Lord Norreys (1890) 15 App. Cas. 210........................................... 339 Lee Conservancy Board v. Button, 12 Ch.D.383 affirmed; 6 App. Cas.685........ 324 Lever Brothers Ltd v. Bell (1931) IK.B.357........................................................ 302 Lister & C° v. Stubs (1886-90) AE.R 797........................................... 213, 225, 226 Lloyd v. West Midlands Board (1971) 2 AER 1240 C. A.................................... 309 Loose v. Williamson (1978)3 AER 89................................................................ 367 Lord Haunner v. Flight (1876) 24 W.R at p. 347............................................... 302 Louis v. Guardians (1888) 32 J.J. 187................................................................ 352 Lands. Suit n° HCSW/13M/73 (1973) U.Y.L.R. at p.78...................................... 41 Leather v. Kirby (1915) 3.AER 927n................................................................. 137 Lloyd v. Great Western Dairies C° (1906) 2 K.B. 727. ..................................... 165 Lloyd v. Dimmack 7CH.D. 398.......................................................................... 202 Luke v. Southern Kinsengton Hotel C° (1879) 11 Ch.D. 121............................. 150 London Association of Trade & Anor V. Greenlands Ltd (1916) A.C. 15............ 158 London and County Securities Ltd v. Caplan (26 May, 1978 unreported)......... 242 Long V. Crossley, (1839), 13CH.D. 388............................................................. 197 Lonhro PLC v. Fayel (1989) 2 W.L.R.356........................................................ 182 Lonhro Ltd v. Shell Petroleum C° Ltd (n°2) (1982) A.C. 173............................ 182 Loose v. Williamson (1978) 3 AER.89................................................................ 375 Lyell v. Kennedy (1883) 8 App. Cas................................................................... 366 Lyell v. Kennedy (N°3) (1884) 27 Ch.D.1........................................................... 376 M M.A. Balugun v. L.ELB.D. (1963) LL.L.R. 13................................................... 209 M. Khatoum v. Hans Mchr (Nigeria) & Ano (1961) N.R.N.L.R. 27.................... 174 Macbongall v. Knight (1890) 25 Q.B.D.I........................................................... 339 Maguns v. National Bank of Scotland (1888) 57 L.J Ch. 902, Pople v. Evans (1968) 2 AER 743.............................................................................................. 351 Malick v.Narodni Banka etc (1946) 2AER.663, International Corporation Ltd v. Bessa Manufacturing C° (1950) IK.B 488............................................... 183 Manelilas & Karaberis Ltd v. Lamidi Apena (1969) I All.N.L.R. 390 p.393....... 321 Mantachie v. Shimco (UK) Ltd (1979) 1180. at p.1183...................................... 228 Marten v. Whale (1917) 1 K.B. 544 .................................................................. 116 Mareva Compania Naviera S.A v. International Bulk Carriers S.A (1975) 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 509, also reported in (1980) IAER 213 C.A. ....................... 225, 226 Marriot v. Chamberlain (1886) 17 Q.B.D. 154................................................. 375 Martina Ojong v. Daniel Ojong, 1969, U.Y.L.R. p. 65 ........................................ 15 Mary Nko v. Peter Nko, 1970, U.Y.L.R. 110 ...................................................... 15 Martina Ojong v. Daniel N. Ojong & Jessie Divine (1968-70), U.Y.L.R. 65 at p.66 ....... 29
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Markt & C° v. Knight Steamship C° ltd (1910) 2.K.B. 1021 .............. 145, 158, 315 Mauroux v. Société Commerciale Abel Pereira da Fonsea (1972) 1W.L.R.1962.....181 Matter of Padro, 19 N.L.R. 73........................................................................... 343 Maxform S.P.A v. Mariani and Goodville Ltd (1981) 2 Lioyd’s Rep. 54 ............ 103 Maxwell v. Keun (1928) I.K.B.645..................................................................... 382 Mayor etc of London v. Horner (1914) III L.T................................................... 342 Mba Nta & Ors v. Ede Nwede Anigbo Manuel & Ors (1972) N.2. E.C.S.L.R. 306 .................................................................................................. 143 Mbaegmisi Obiekwefe & Ors v. Ikwuobodo Unumma & Anor. (1975) 2 F.S.C. 70....... 208 McCleane v. Gyles (1902) I Ch at P. 298 .......................................................... 113 McCheane v. Gyles (N°2) (1902) 1.Ch. at P. 915 ............................................... 158 McGowan and others v. Middleton (1883) 11Q.B.D.464 C.A........................... 358 M.K Maki v. Hassan Said (1961) ALL N.L.R. 502............................................ 141 Me Penda v. Evina Joseph C.S Judgment n° 32/S of 21 Jan. 1982 ..................... 76 Me Penda v. Evina C.S. Judgment n° 39/S of 8 February 1972. ......................... 80 Mediterranean Refineria Siciliana Petroli SPA v. Mabanaft GMBH (1978) Court of Appeal Transcript 816.......................................................................... 242 Meldrum v. Scorer (1887) 56 L.T. 471............................................................... 150 Mercer v. Whall (1845) 5 Q.B.447..................................................................... 391 Michael Onayemi v. Olatuni Okunubi & Anor (1966) N. M.L.R 50................... 141 Mercantile Marine Service Association v. Toms (1916) 2.K.B. 243................... 146 Mechanical etc C° Ltd v. Austin (1935) A.C 346....................................... 398, 399 Mechanical etc C° Ltd v. Austin (1935) A.C 346 p.359..................................... 398 Mercer Alloys Corporation v. Rolls Royce Ltd. (1972) 1 AER 211 C.A.................203 Metall & Rohstoff Ag v. Donaldson & Jenrette Inc. (1989) 3 W.L.R.563............ 182 Metropolitan Asylum District Managers v. Hill (1881-5) AER 536............. 214, 219 Middlesex Country Council v. Nathan (1937) 2 K.B.272................................. 302 Milbank v. Milbank (1900) I ............................................................................. 319 Minemia Maritime Corporation v. Trave Sheriffa Vortsgesellschaft mbh & C° Kg, the Niedersachsen. (1984) 1 AER.389 at........................................... 182 Mitchell v. Harris Engineering C° Ltd (1967) 2 Q.B.703 C.A............................ 315 Moderator of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon v. George Eko, suit N° HCSW/21/75, unreported ........................................................................ 61 Mondel v. Steel (1841) 8 M & W.858................................................................. 356 Mohamidu Hadgia v.Pitchy (1894), A.C. 437; Re Toleman (1897) 1.Ch. 866.... 142 Montgomery v.Foy, Morgan & C° (1895 ) 2.Q.B. 321....................................... 157 Moore v. Lawson, 31 T.L.R.418 C.A.................................................................. 338 Moore v. Maxwells of Emsworth Ltd (1968) 2 AER. 779................................... 390 Moore v. Lambeth County Court Registrar (1969) I AER 782........................... 392 Morel Brothers v. Earl of Westmorland (1904) A.C. 11....................... 147, 153, 155 Morgan V. Scrulaing (1938). I.K.B. 786............................................................ 195 Mority v. Stephan (1888) 58 LT 850.................................................................. 183
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Moses Abiegbe &Ors v. Edheremu Ugbodume (1973) I.S.C.133....................... 350 Motor Insurance Bureau (1964) 2.AER.702...................................................... 157 Muntons v. Minister of Pensions (1963) IW.L.R. 186. ....................................... 68 Murray v. Walter (1839) Cr. & Ph. 114.............................................................. 369 Mustill J Ninenina Maritime Corporation v. Trave Schiffahrsgesellechraftmbtt & C°Kg, The Niedersachsen (1984) IAER 398, at p.402.................................. 232 Myers v. N & J Sherrick Ltd (1974) 1AER 81.................................................... 114 Myers v. N. & J. Sherick Ltd (1974) I AER 81................................................... 117 N.W Salt C° Ltd v. Electrolytic alkali C° Ltd (1913) 3 K.B. 425.................. 302, 305 Nagle v. Fielden (1966) 2 Q.B.663, C.A............................................................ 339 Nancy Ingor Tanda v. Emmanuel Azor & Presbyterian Church in Cameroon, suit N° HSW/26/80 ............................................................................................. 58 Nash v. Leyton (1911) 2 Ch.71.......................................................................... 375 Nathan Seitz (1888) 4T.L.R 570........................................................................ 183 National Bank of Nigeria Ltd v. Nigeria Carpet Manufacturing C° Ltd, C.C.H.C.J. 7/73/79 unreported ........................................................................... 88 N.B.N. v. Valakija (1978) 10 S.C.59 .............................................................. 64, 69 New Mining etc Syndicate v. Chalmers (1912) S.C. 126..................................... 141 New Bruns Wick Ry C° v. British and French Trust Corporation (1839) A.C.1..... 190 Newtown (1896) p.36......................................................................................... 213 Newton v. Newton (1885) 11 PD 11.................................................................... 213 Ngapou Alphonse v. Mbinglo (1998) 1CCLR 1-25 part 4................................... 281 Ninemia Corp. V. Trave Schiffahrts (1984) IAER 399................................. 235, 237 Nippon Yusen Kaisha v. Karageorges................................................. 225, 226, 237 Norman v. Matthews........................................................................................... 339 North wales Police v. Evans (1982) 1 WLR 1155 .............................................. 34 North Western Salt C° v. Electrolytec Alkali C° (1941) A.C. 461....................... 314 Norwich Parmacal C° v. Commrs of Customs and Excise (1973) 2AER 943............................................................................................ 244, 367 375 Nottage v. Jackson (1883) II Q.B.D 627.C.A..................................................... 346 Nova (Jersey) Knit Ltd v. Kammgarn Spinnerei GMBH (1977) 2 AER 463........ 357 Nsuma v. Nnaji, 5. E. N.L.R. 42......................................................................... 143 Ntiashagwo v. Emmanuel Amodu & Anor (1959) W.R.N.L.R 273..................... 156 Nweke Enwena & Anor. v. Peter Udeunegue & Anor. (1972) 2 E.C.S.L.R. 1...... 207 O OCLI Optical Coatings Ltd v. Spectron Optical Coating Ltd (1980) F.S.R 227................................................................................................... 246, 247 Odeyinka & Ors v. Ogunjini W.S Court of Appeal CAW9/68 unreported..............345 (Odu) v. John Holt & C° Ltd (1950) 19 N.L.R.127.Evans v. Bartlam (1937) A.C. 473............................................................................................................. .387 Ordonnance n° 27 of 31/10/89........................................................................... 287
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Okafor v. Nnaife & Ors. (1973) 3.S.C. 85.......................................................... 158 Okeke v. Chime 2 E.C.S.L.R.24......................................................................... 267 Okoji v. Florence Onyibi & Anor. (1961) All N.L.R. 552................................... 139 Olatunji v. The Registrar Co-operative Society (1968) N.M.L.R. 393............... 146 Olubusola Stores v. Standard Bank (Nigeria) Ltd (1975) 4.S.C.51...................... 87 Onyia v. Governor etc (1962) 2 ALL. N.L.R.174.............................................. 343 Oppeinheim v. Mohamed (1922) I A.C.482....................................................... 190 Orbit mining and Trading C° Ltd v. Westminster Bank Ltd (1963) 1 Q B. 794 ...101 Owners of Motor Vessel Normar v. British Transport Docks Board and Others, (1968) I AER 753............................................................................................... 118 Owners of Motor Vessel Normar v. British Transport Docks Board & Others 1 AER. 563......................................................................................................... 119 Oyebisi Afolabi Usenfowoken v. Sute Salami Idowu, (1969) N.M.L.R.77.......... 313 P Padmik v. Scott, 2 Ch.D at p.743. ..................................................................... 165 Parsons v. Sovereign Bank of Kanada (1913) A.C 160...................................... 203 Pankhurst v. Hamilton (1886) 2 T.L.R.682........................................................ 375 Partnership Act, 1890, Section 9. ...................................................................... 141 Pawding v. London Brick C° (1971) I K.P.R.207............................................... 309 Payne v. British Time Recorder C° (1921) 2.K.B. 1................................... 154, 206 Pertamina case Vitkovice Horni a Hutni Tezirstvo v. Korner............................. 233 Peter Baseh v. Cmr. of Bridgade Mobile Mixte, Bamenda, 1978, HCB (12m/78.... 20 Peter Walker & Sons Ltd v. Hodgson (1909) I.K.B.239..................................... 375 Penrhyn v. Licensed Victualer’s Mirror 7T.L.RI................................................. 305 Philipps v. Philipps (1879) 40 L.T p. 821.......................................................... 244 Philipps v. Philipps, 4 Q.B.D.134..................................................................... 317 Philips v. Philipps (1978) 4 Q.B.D.133.............................................................. 307 Picket v. British Railway Engineering Ltd (1979) I AER.774, H.L.................... 401 Pink v. Sharwood (1913) 2.Ch. at P.289............................................................ 136 Pontifix v. Foord 12 Q.B.D 152......................................................................... 123 Pontifex v. Foord(1884) 12 Q.B.D. 152............................................................. 116 Preston v. Lamont 1 Ex.D 361........................................................................... 189 Prince Abdul Rahman Bin Turki Al Sun dairy v. Abu-Taha (1980) 3AER 409.................................................................................................... 230, 231 Procureur General at the Supreme Court of West Cameroon v. Decision of the Court of Appeal for West Cameroon F.C.J. n° 21 of 21 of 20th March 1968 reported in Recueil Mboyoum (1962-70) p.133. ............................ 74 Protector Alarmes Ltd v. Maxim Alarmes Ltd (1978) F.S.R 442................. 246, 249 Provincial Bill Posting C° v. Low Moor Iron C° (1909) 2K.B.344.................... 360 Pytha, the Angelic Wings, the Genie case.......................................................... 229
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R Radchiff v. Evans (1992) 2 Q.B. 532................................................................. 319 Rank Film Distributors Ltd v. Video Information Center (1980) 2AER....... 247, 249 Raser Maritima SA v. Pertamina Perusahaan Pertam-Bangan Minyak Dan Gas Birni (Pertamina) and Gov’t of Indonesia (as Interveners) (1977) 3 AER 324............................................................................................... 227 Rash Maritima S.A v. Perusahan Pertanibangan Minyak Gas Buin (Pertanina) and Gov’t of Nigeria (as Interveners) 1977) 3AER 324..................................... 233 Rasu Maritima S.A v. Perusahaan Pertambagan Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Negara (Pertamina) and the Government of Indonesia (as interveners) (1977) 3 AGR.324 ........................................................................................................ 181 Rassam v. Budge (1893) I Q.B.571.................................................................... 309 Ray v. Baher (1879) 4 D.279 .............................................................................. 90 Re Beck; Attia v. Seed (1918) 87 L.J.Ch. 335 .................................................... 154 Re Berry (1896) I Ch.944 at....................................................................... 200, 201 Réalisations Industrielles etc. V. Lococher & Partners (1957) 3 A.E.R. 241............................................................................................... 200, 201 Re Robinson’s settlement, Gant v. Hobbs (1912) I Ch. 717 p. 728...................... 332 Re Birchall 16 Ch.D. 41..................................................................................... 140 Re Buford, Buford v. Clifford (1932) 2Ch. 122.................................................. 116 Re Clark; Clark V. Clark (1910) W.N.W.N. 232................................................ 199 Re Cole (1759) 2 Burr. 834................................................................................ 177 Re Derbon (1888) 54 L.T. 519. ......................................................................... 166 Re Farbola Ltd (1909) 2Ch. 437........................................................................ 203 Re Hallett (1880) 13 Ch.D. 696 p. 710.............................................................. 125 Re John McLaughlin (1905) A.C 343 at p.347.................................................. 175 Re Idenden (A Bankcrupt) (1970) 2.AER. 387................................................... 158 Re Matthiews (1905) 2 Ch. 460......................................................................... 149 Re Smith (1876) L.R 1P.D.300........................................................................... 177 Re Orr Ewing, 22 Ch.D.p.463 ........................................................................... 189 Re Wrightson (1908) I Ch. P.799....................................................................... 309 Re Yate’s Settlement Trusts (1954)IW.L.R.564................................................... 382 Read V. Brown (1888) 22 Q. B. D. 128.............................................................. 161 Rees v. Watts (1855) 11 Exch 410, Philips v. Howell (1901) 2 Ch.773............... 357 Richards v. James (1848) 2 Exch.471. ............................................................... 357 Read v. Anderson (1882) 1O Q.B.D P. 1O8....................................................... 115 Remington v. Scoles (1897) 2 Ch.I..................................................................... 340 Reckitt v. Barnett (1929) A.C. 176..................................................................... 103 Rev v. Pettet (1834) Ad &E, 196 ....................................................................... 103 Republic of Peru v. Dreyfus (1886) 55 L.T.802.................................................. 265 Rep. of Peru v. Peruvian Guano C° 36 Ch.D. P. 496......................................... 338 Rhodes V. Swinthenbank (1898) 22 QBD 577............................................. 136, 138
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Richardson v Mayor of Oxford (1793) 2 K.B.182............................................... 335 Riches v. Director of Public Prosecutors (1973) I W.L.R 1019.................... 310, 339 Riddick v. Thames Board Mills Ltd (1977) 3 W.L.R.63............................. 246, 249 Riddick v. Thames Boand Mills, Ltd (1977) 3 AER 677.................................... 369 Riddell v. Earl of Strathmore (1887) 3T.L.R.329............................................... 303 Ridpath & Ridpath v. Zachner (1893) 9 T.L.R.538............................................ 221 Roberts v. Booth (1893) Ich. 369....................................................................... 358 Roche and Henshilwood Ltd v. Adeniran & Ors 20 N.L.R.29...............................343 Roland Sowage v. John Buxtoff Diodorus Johnson (1926) 7 N.L.R. 53.............. 136 Rose V. Ford (1937) A.C. 826............................................................................. 195 Rouson’s (A Bankrupt) Trustee v. Rouson (1955 3AER 486.............................. 183 R v. Chief Constable of North Wales Police, ex p. Evans, The Times, July 24? 1982, H.H.............................................................................................. 33 R v. Medical Appeal Tribunal, ex parte Gilmore (1957) 1. QB. 574 ............. 36, 40 R v. Boyes (1861-73) AER Rep. 172 p.174........................................................ 249 R v. Reynolds(1882) 20 Ch.D 294...................................................................... 249 R v. Eccles (1783) 3 Doug. at p. 337.................................................................. 306 Re Law (1842), 4 Bear 509. ................................................................................ 32 Roberts & C° v. Marsh (1915) I K.B. 42).......................................................... 101 Roberts v. Booth (1893) I Ch. 52....................................................................... 353 Rookes v. Barnard (1964) I AER, 367............................................................... 312 Rurgham v. Hackett (1980) 124 ........................................................................ 103 Rutter v. Tregent (1879) 12 CH. D. 758.............................................................. 325 S S. Oragbade v. S.J.M. Onitiju (1962) 1.ALL N.L.R 32....................................... 145 Salisbury v. Woodland (1967) 3 AER. 863......................................................... 392 Salomon v. Salomon & Co Ltd (1897) A.C.22 CH.L. .................................. 24, 140 Sam Ekontang Elad v. B.I.C.I.C ; Suit N° HCSW/2/79, High Court Buea, unreported.......................................................................................................... 330 Sam Ekontang Elad v. BICIC.............................................................................. 331 Sanderson v. Blyth Theatre C° (1903) 2.K.B. 533............................................. 154 Saunders v. Jones (1877) 7 Ch.D.435................................................................ 319 Sedleigh Denfield v. O’Callagan (1940) 3AER, 349......................................... 214 Selia Are v. Amina Are (1941) 16 N.L.R 34........................................................ 224 Semler v. Murphy, 1967 (2.AER. 185................................................................. 137 Senior v. Holdsworth exp. Independent Television News Ltd (1976) Q.B.23...... 369 Scott v. Scott (1950) 2AER 76............................................................................. 213 Script pornography v. Gregg (1890) 59 L.J Ch.406........................................... 351 Shadrack Ashu Tabi v. Johannes Mentah Bisong, 1972, U.Y.L.R. p.59 ............... 16 Sharpe v. Haggith (1912)106 L.T. 13................................................................. 360 Sharpe v. Lamb (1840) II Ad & E.L 805............................................................ 372
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Shaw v. Smith (1886) 18 Q.B.D.193................................................................... 367 Shaw v. Shaw...................................................................................................... 302 Shell v. United Finance Ltd (1964) 2 Q.B. 203.................................................. 314 Shirfield Corporation v. Barclay (1905) A.C P. 379, Kruger v. Moel Tryvan Ship C° (19O7) I.K.B. 8O9................................................................................ 115 Shelle v. Oshun and Another 11.N.L.R.43......................................................... 127 Shubrok v. Tufnell 90.B.D.621 C.A.................................................................... 351 Sender v. Wildsmith (1893) I Q.B. 771 at p. 774................................................. 168 Silber Loght C° Ltd v. Silber (1879) 12 Ch. D. 717........................................... 150 Sidney v. Sidney (1867) 17 LT 9.......................................................................... 213 Silver v. Silver (1926) p. 103............................................................................. 350 Sir Ralph Bovey’s Case (1684) Vent. 217........................................................... 310 Shebioba v. Bruinah Raji (1963) 2 ALL.N.L.R.49............................................. 267 Sheehan v. G.E. Rly (1881) 16 Ch.D. 59............................................................ 155 Slade & Kempton (Jewellery) Ltd v. N. Kayman Ltd (1969) 3AER 786..................119 Smith v. Cardiff Corporation (1954) 1.Q.B 210 ........................................ 145, 315 Smith v. L.N.R. (1853), 2 E&B. 69..................................................................... 198 Smith v. Buskell (1919) 2 K.B.362..................................................................... 359 Sneade v. Wortherton Barytes & Leading Mining C° (1904) I K.B 295............. 346 Soachaur Corp. v. Wild (1903) 1.ch. p. 422....................................................... 167 SOCOPAO-Cameroon v. Enterprise LAMSACO, Suit n° HCSW/32/80, High Court Buea, unreported............................................................................. 332 SOCOPAO V. SOCOPAO Suit n° WCCA/9/1969 unreported ............................ 74 Société Générale De Surveillance S.A. v. Rastico Nigeria Ltd, unrep, C.A/L/33/85 of 7. Nov. 1985 L........................................................................... 261 Spedding v. Fitpatrick (1888) 38 Ch.D 410................................................ 292, 319 Spokes v. Grosvenor Hotel C° Ltd (1879) 1.Q.B. 124........................................ 150 Spring Grove Services Ltd v. Deane (1972) II6 S.J. 844.................................... 387 Squire v. Squire (1971) I AER. 891C.A............................................................. 346 Standard Securities Ltd v. Hubbard (1967) 2AER 622................................ 117 , 119 Stanton V. Collier 25 L.J. Q.B. 120............................................................ 200, 201 Steeden v. Walden (19110) 2 Ch. 393................................................................. 137 Stephen Awunoh v. Michael Mba & West Cameroon Marketing Board & Royal Exchange Assurance; Suit N° HCSW/65/70 ........................................ 58 Stockes v. Grant (1878) 4.C.P.D. 25................................................................... 321 Stocke v. Taylor, 5 Q.B.D p. 575.................................................................. 356, 357 Storey v. Storey (1960) 3 AER 279.................................................................... 392 Stumore v. Cam-bell & C° (1892) 1.Q.B.B. p.317............................................. 358 Sunday Emegne v. Samuel Chuku Okenwa (1970-71) I E.C.S.L.R.168............. 373 Sutton v. Clarke (1815) 6 Taunt. 29................................................................... 153 Sutcliffe v. James, 27, W.R.750........................................................................... 314 Sykes v. Sacerdoti, 15 Q.B.D 423, Lake v. Haseltine, 55 L.J Q.B.205.............. 358
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T Thairewall v. G.N.Rly (1910) 2 K.B.5O9 .......................................................... 101 Taylor v. Blacklock, 32 Ch.D.564....................................................................... 315 Taylor v. Rundell (1841) Cr. & Ph.104............................................................... 369 The Brabbo (1949) A.C 326............................................................................... 181 The Fargerness (1926)P.185.............................................................................. 177 The Hagen. (1809) p. 189......................................................................... 180, 181 The Hausa (Nigeria) Trading & Motor Company Ltd (1967) F.N.L.R.. 144. Rules of the Supreme Court; r. 33. ...................................................................... 26 The Genie, (1979).............................................................................................. 228 The Minister of Lagos Affairs, Mines and Power v. The Onigbongbo community and Others (1961) W.N.R. 245 The Mareva.................................................................................................. 226, 237 The Niedersachsen.............................................................................................. 237 The Normar; Owners of Motor Vessel Normar v. British Transport Docks Board and Others. 1968 I.AER .753.......................................................... 115, 120 The Gniezno (1967) 2 AER 738................................................................. 360, 362 The Hoursk (1924 at p.153................................................................................. 154 The Liquidator, National Produce Marketing Board (N.PNM.B) v. Egbe Stephen Batuo (2001) 2 CCLR, 185...................................................... 280 The Salybia (1910) p.25..................................................................................... 362 The Saxicava (1924) p.13.................................................................................. 362 The Sisk (1979) A.C. 210................................................................................... 230 The Siskina (1977) 3AER 803........................................................................... 242 The Tichborne Case, London, 1936, p.303........................................................ 397 Theophilus Adebanyo Doherty v. Richard Ade Doherty (1968) N.M.L.R. 241..... 67 Third Chandois Shipping Corporation v. Unimarise S.A. commonly referred to as “The Angelic Wings”. “The Genie” (1979) 2AER 972...................... 228, 236 Third Chandri shipping Corporation v. Uninamire SA op cit p. 669............229, 230 Thomas v. Moore (1918) I K.B. 555.................................................... 166, 167, 168 Thome v. University of London (1966) 2Q.B.237, C.A...................................... 339 Thompson-Schwab v. Costaki (1956) 1AER 652.......................................... 214, 219 Thorp v. Holdsworth (1876) 3 Ch.D 637............................................ 319, 326, 327 Tildeslay v. Harper (1878) 7 Ch.D.403.............................................................. 327 Tildesley v. Harper, 10 Ch. D. 396..................................................................... 344 Tottenham v. Tottenham (1896) 1.Ch. 628......................................................... 152 Tryon v. National Provident Institution, (1886) 16 Q.B.D. 678................................150 Tracey Blagden Ltd v. Mohamed Haway & Ors (1962) N.N.L.R 70.......................224 Trans Bridge C° Ltd v. Survey Inter Ltd (1986) 4 NWLR. (Pt. 37) 576 at 597-8 ... 13 Trower v Chadnich (1836) 3 bing, N.C.334......................................................... 335
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U U.A.C Ltd v. Kretchi 13.W.A.C.A 219............................................................... 349 U.A.C.A (Technical) Ltd v. Anglo-Canadian Cement Ltd (1966) N.M.L at .... 86, 87 Umfreville v. Johnson, L.R.10, Ch. 580 ............................................................ 149 Unity Pres and Agency C° Ltd v. Guardiann Royal Exchange Assurance ............. 60 Universal City Studios v. Mukhtar and sons Ltd (1976) IW.L.R 586........... 245, 249 University of Oxford r Cambridge v. Gill (1899) ICU.55.................................... 168 Unity Press and Agency C° Ltd v. Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance (Cameroon) Ltd, Suit N° HSCW/28/81; High Court, Buea, unreported.............. 332 V Vapormatic C° Ltd v. Sparex Ltd (1976) IW.L.R 939.................................. 245, 246 Vitkovice Horni a Mutni Terzirstvo v. Korner (1951) 2 AER 334.......................181 Vitkovice Horni a Hint Tezirstvo v. Korner (1951) 2AER 334....................233, 234 W Wallersteiner v. Moir (N°2) (1975) 1.AER. 849................................................ 146 Ward v. James (1965) AER 563 p. 571.............................................................. 213 Warner v. Sampson (1959) I Q.B.297................................................. 320, 326, 346 Warr v. Warr (1975) 2 W.L.R.62......................................................................... 348 Waters v. Sunday pictorial Newspapers (1961) IAER 758.................................. 333 Walter Wilson (Trading as Camfarm) v. Cameroon National Ports Authority & 3 others Suit n° HCSW/77/78 unreported...................................................... 328 Watson v. Holliday 20Ch. D.780......................................................................... 201 Watson v. Hawkins, 24 W.R..884........................................................................ 317 Weller v. O’brien (1962) 3AER 65....................................................................... 392 Wenlock v. Moloney (1965) 2 AER 871 C.A..................................................... 338 West Cameroon Development Agency (liquidation Commission) v. Cameroon Bank Ltd, suit n° HCSW/30/78 ........................................................................... 60 West Cameroon Development Agency (Liquidation Commission) v. Cameroon Bank ltd; Suit N° HCSW/30/78............................................................................ 61 West Rand Central Gold Mining C° v. Rex (1905) 2 Q.B.400............................. 303 West Leigh Colliery C° v. Thunicliffe (1908) A.C.27......................................... 400 Whicker v. Hume (1858) 7 H.L.C. 124................................................................. 95 Whistler v. Hancock, 3 Q.B.D. 83...................................................................... 351 Whiteley’s case (1900) I CH. 365....................................................................... 362 Wilby v. Elston, 8 C.B. 142................................................................................ 334 William v. Agius (1917) A.C 522........................................................................ 358 Williams v. Wilcox, 8 A & E p.331 and Stuart v. Gladstone (1879) 10 Ch.D. 644.....305 Williams v. Ingram (1900) 16 T.L.R. 434........................................................... 367 Willis v. Earl Beauchamp (1866) 11 P.D.59....................................................... 339 Willonghby v. Eckstein (1936) I AER 650........................................................ 342
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Wilson Sons & C° Ltd v. Balcarres Brook Steamship C° ltd (1893) I.Q.B. 422... 141 Wilson v. Balcarres Steamship C° (1893) 1.Q.B. 422........................................ 155 Wilson V. United Counties Bank (1920) A.C 102...................................... 200, 201 Windhill Local Board v. Vint (1890) 45 Ch.D. p.357......................................... 314 Wingrove v. Thompson 11Ch. D. 419................................................................. 197 Wolf v. Pemberton (1877) 6 Ch.D. 19................................................................. 137 Wood v. Goodwin (1884) W.N 17...................................................................... 358 Wootten v. Joel (1920) W.N. 28.......................................................................... 150 Workington Harbour Board v. Trade Indemnity C° Ltd (1937) 43 Com. Cas.235..331 Wright v. Wright (1954) 1AER 707.................................................................... 213 Y Yeoman Credit Ltd v. Gregory (1963) I W.L.R. 343........................................... 102 Young & C° v. Scottish Union C° (1907) 24 T.L.R 73 Young v. Rank (1950) 2 AER 166....................................................................... 392 Yousif v. Salama (1980) IW.L.R 1540........................................................ 245, 246 Yousif v. Pillar.................................................................................................... 249 Z Z Ltd v. A (1982) IAER, 556 p. 561........................................... 231, 233, 234, 235 Zimmer Othopaedic Ltd v. Zimmer Manufacturing C° (1968) 3 AER 449 C.A.. 358
xxxviii
Table of Statutes B British Cameroon’s Order in Council of 26th June 1923 .......................................10 Bills of Exchange Act 1955 ................................................................................ 84 Bill of Exchange Act 1882.................................................................................... 99 - Section 3(3)................................................................................................... 101 - Section 7(2)................................................................................................... 101 - Section 9(1)................................................................................................... 102 - Sections 15................................................................................................... 102 - Sections 23 .................................................................................................. 103 - Sections 25 ................................................................................................. 103 - Section 29(1)................................................................................................. 102 - Section 49..................................................................................................... 102 - Sections 54................................................................................................... 102 - Sections 65................................................................................................... 102 - Sections 66................................................................................................... 102 C Civil Procedure Act 1833................................................................................... 293 Common Law Procedure Acts of 1852....................................................... 177, 293 Common Law Procedure Acts of 1854 ............................................................. 293 Common Law Procedure Acts of 1860...................................................... 126, 293 Common Law Procedure Act 1954.................................................................... 366 Companies Acts, 1948 - Sections 165 ............................................................................................... 32 - Sections 352.................................................................................................. 32 Constitution of 2 June, 1972 as amended by Law N° 96/6 of 18 January 1996; Article 2(2)......................................................................................................... 178 Copyright Act 1956, Section 21.................................................................. 247, 248
xxxix
D Decree N° 66/DF/581 of December, 1966.......................................................... 404 Decree N° 72/270 of 2 June 1972 ....................................................................... 17 Decree N° 72/591 of 25 October 1972 ................................................................ 17 Decree N° 79/448 of 5 November 1979; Article 1............................................. 171 Decree N° 68/DF/441 of 8 November 1968 ....................................................... 274 Decree N° 72/DF/67 of 14 February 1972......................................................... 274 Decree N° 79/085 of 13 March 1979 Section 11........................................ 280, 281 Decree N° 83/449 of 29 September 1983 ............................................................ 17 Decree N° 84/232 of 7 May 1984 ....................................................................... 17 Decree N° 85/117 of 28 August 1985 .................................................................. 17 Decree n° 76/165 of 27th April 1976 .................................................................. 67 - Section 1. ..................................................................................................... 67 - Section 2(a)................................................................................................... 67 Decree of 18 September 1954 ............................................................................. 84 Decree of 25 August 1937 modified by Decree of 14 June 1936, 5 April 1939, Decree of 30 September 1953. ............................................................................ 84 Decree n° 72/78O of 28 August 1972 ................................................................. 85 Decree of 12 May 1981........................................................................................ 85 Decree of 25 August 1937.................................................................................... 85 Decree of 30 September 1953, Section..2 ............................................................ 85 Decree of 1937 and its subsequent amendments of 18 September 1954 .............. 93 Decree of 30 March 1808.................................................................................... 284 - Section 54.................................................................................................. 284 E English Supreme Court Rules, 1962................................................................... 126 - Order 4 - Rule 5(1).............................................................................. 151, 155, 157 - Rule 5(2)...................................................................................... 151, 152 - Rule 10.................................................................................................. 205 - Order 11...................................................................................................... 234 - Rule 6(2)......................................................................................... 178, 179 - Order 14 .................................................................................................... 231 - Order 15 - Rule 3(1)................................................................................................ 130 - Rule 4..................................................................................................... 148 - Rule 5(2)................................................................................................ 120 - Rule 6(2)................................................................................................ 156 - Rule 7(2)................................................................................................ 202 - Rule 8.................................................................................................... 204
xl
- Order 16..................................................................................................... 113 - Rule 11................................................................................................. 151 - Order 17 rule 1 ........................................................................................... 126 - Order 18 rule 8............................................................................................ 312 - Order 21..................................................................................................... 242 - Order 24 - Rule 7(1)....................................................................................... 241, 242 - Order 26 - Rule 1(1)................................................................................................. 242 - Order 29 .................................................................................................... 241 - Rules 2 ................................................................................................... 245 - Rules 3 ................................................................................................... 245 - Order 49 Rule 8.......................................................................................... 205 - Order 54 ..................................................................................................... 40 English Theft Act 1968...................................................................................... 247 Evidence Act - Section 79.................................................................................................... 260 - Section 80.................................................................................................... 260 - Section 85....................................................................................................260 - Section 86................................................................................................... 261 - Section 87.................................................................................................... 261 - Section 88.................................................................................................... 261 - Section 89.................................................................................................... 261 Evidence Act of 1851......................................................................................... 366 Evidence Ordinance, Cap 62............................................................................. 313 - Section 78 ................................................................................................... 260 - Section 84.................................................................................................... 260 - Section 137(1)............................................................................................. 313 F Federal Ordinance of 16th October 1961, Section 11.......................................... 15 Foreign Jurisdictions Act of 189O ...................................................................... 10 French Civil and Commercial Procedure Code................................................... 287 H High Court Rules of the Eastern State................................................................ 373 - Rule 2........................................................................................................... 375 - Rule 3........................................................................................................... 375 - Rule 5 ......................................................................................................... 373 - Rule 7........................................................................................................... 373 High Court Rules of Lagos State Rule 3 to 7 .................................................... 202
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High Court Rules of the Western and Mid-Western States................. 202, 254, 270 - Order 8 Rule 1 to 4 .................................................................................... 202 - Order 19 Rule 6 ......................................................................................... 255 - Order 22 Rule 1 ......................................................................................... 255 J Judicature Acts of England 1873-75.....................2, 10, 14, 126, 163, 177, 205, 214, 294, 304, 307, 322, 357, 365, 366 - Section 24(3)...................................................................................... 113, 357 - Section 25 ................................................................................................. 214 Judicature Act, 1925, S.45......................................................................... 226, 230 K Keating’s Act ...................................................................................................... 84 L Labour Code .................................................................................................. 76, 80 - Section 10 ..................................................................................................... 82 - Section 139 (2)............................................................................................... 76 - Section 140 .................................................................................................. 82 - Section 140(2) (3) & (4). ............................................................................. 82 - Section 141 ................................................................................................... 82 - Section 146(1).............................................................................................. 76 - Section 142 .................................................................................................. 82 - Section 143 .................................................................................................. 82 - Section 161 .................................................................................................. 80 Land and Native Rights Ordinance, 1958....................................................... 13, 42 Law of 24 May 1951........................................................................................... 84 Law N° 67/LF/6 of 12th June 1967...................................................................... 15 Law N° 74/016 of 16 July 1974......................................................................... 404 Law N° 79/03 of 29 June 1979........................................................................... 404 Law N°84/14 of 5 December, 1984.................................................................... 404 Law N° 92/8 of 14 August 1992........................................................................ 405 Law N° 97/18 of 7 August 1997........................................................................ 405 Law N° 76/17 of 8 July 1976 ............................................................................... 18 Law N° 83/3 of 24 July 1983............................................................................... 18 Law N° 89/17 of July 1989; Section 15. .............................................................. 18 Law N° 89/019 of 29 December 1989 .................................. 18, 21, 281, 286, 403 - Section 1..................................................................................................... 401 - Section 13(2) ...................................................................................... 286, 288 - Section 16 ................................................................ 19, 27, 35, 36, 41, 43, 52
xlii
- Section.16 (c). .................................................................................. 28, 33, 52 - Section 16(d) ................................................................................................ 40 - Section 16(g) ............................................................................................... 38 - Section 16(h) ................................................................................................ 37 Law N° 89/021 of 29 December 1989................................................................ 403 - Sections 1 and 2(3)...................................................................................... 101 - Section 4........................................................................................................ 97 Law N° 89/14 of 26 November 1989................................................................. 403 Law N° 89/016 of 28 July, 1989......................................................................... 403 Law N° 89/017 of 28 July 1989 Section 13..................................................287, 403 Law N° 89/018 of 28 July1989.......................................................................... 403 Law N° 89/020 of 29 December 1989................................................................ 403 Law N° 90/059 of 19 December 1990 Section 24 ............................................. 281 Law N° 90/056 of 19 December 1990, Section. 6............................................... 141 Law n° 72/LF//6 of 12th June, 1972 ..................................................................... 73 Law N° 72/4 of August 26, 1972 Section 16 ....................................................... 20 Law N° 57/756 of 5 July 1957. ........................................................................... 85 Law N° 84/14 of 5 December 1984 ................................................................... 274 - Section 182.................................................................................................. 274 - Section 183.................................................................................................. 274 - Section 184.................................................................................................. 274 - Section 185.................................................................................................. 274 - Section 187.................................................................................................. 274 Law N° 89/21 of 29 December 1989 ................................................................... 93 - Section 3. ................................................................................................. 103 - Section 4(2)............................................................................................... 106 - Section 9(1) & (2) ..................................................................................... 109 Law N° 96/10 of 5 August 1996 ........................................................................ 93 Law N° 90/056 of 19 December 1990, Section. 12........................................... 140 Law N° 97/18 of 7 August 1997........................................................................ 407 - Section 3 (1)............................................................................................... 407 - Section 4(2)................................................................................................ 407 Law N° 89/20 of 29 December 1989 - Section 2(2)............................................................................................... 407 - Section 3..................................................................................................... 407 Law N° 97/18 of 7 August 1997........................................................................ 408 - Section 3..................................................................................................... 408 - Section 3(1)(a)............................................................................................ 408 - Section 3(1)(b)............................................................................................. 408 - Section 3(1) (c)............................................................................................ 408 - Section 3(2)................................................................................................. 408
xliii
Law N° 97/18 of 14 August 1997........................................................................ 409 - Section 4(1) ................................................................................................ 409 - Section 4(3)................................................................................................. 409 Law N° 97/18 of 7 August 1997........................................................................ 410 - Section 4(3)................................................................................................. 410 - Section 4(5)............................................................................................... 410 - Section 4(6)................................................................................................ 410 Law Reform (Limitation of Actions etc) 1952, Sections. 3, 4 & 7.(2)......................195 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1934, Section.1. (3)...................... 195 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1935, Section.1. (1)..................... 194 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act Section 2 .................................... 194 League of Nations Covenant (section 22 of the) ................................................... 9 Littleton Constitution of 1954.............................................................................. 11 M Magistrates’ Courts (Southern Cameroons) Law 1955...................................... 287 Magistrates Court (Civil Procedure Ordinance) cap 124.................................... 412 Mandatory agreement, Section 9 ........................................................................... 9 Married Women’s Property Act 1882, Section 17 ................................................ 66 Matrimonial Causes Acts .................................................................................... 27 Matrimonial Causes Act, 1967, Section 10 ......................................................... 28 Matrimonial Causes Act, 1973 ........................................................................... 28 - Section 1....................................................................................................... 30 - Section 2 ...................................................................................................... 30 - Section 2 para. 6(3) ..................................................................................... 28 Matrimonial Causes Rules of 1977 ....................................................................... 29 Matrimonial Causes Rules, 1977, Appendix 2. r.5. ............................................. 31 Matrimonial causes Property and Maintenance Act. 1958.32............................. 214 Ministerial Order n° 11/MTPS of May 1978. .................................................... 77 N Nigeria (Protectorate and Cameroon) Order in Council N° 1352 of June 1946 .....10 Nigerian Supreme Court Ordinance of 1948 ...................................................... 2, 3 Nigerian Matrimonial Causes Decree N° 18 of 1970 ........................................... 31 Native Lands Acquisition Ordinance, 1948 ........................................................ 42 O Order N° 6750 of December 1954, Official Gazette of Cameroon, 1955 p.129.......................................................................................................... 274 OHADA Uniform Act .....................................................................................97, 98 - Section 2. .................................................................... 94, 101, 104, 106, 109 - Section 2 (3) ................................................................................................ 97
xliv
- Section 3 ..................................................................................................... 96 - Para. 3 ................................................................................................... 97 - Section 4(1) & (2).................................................................................... 104 - Section 4(2) para.1. .................................................................................... 98 - Section 4(2) para.2. .................................................................................... 98 - Section 5 para. 2 ....................................................................................... 106 - Section 6 para. 1 ........................................................................................ 106 - Section 6 para. 2 ........................................................................................ 106 - Sections 7 para.2 & para. 5........................................................................ 107 - Section 8 para. 4, 9, 10 .............................................................................. 107 - Section 8 para. 5....................................................................................... 107 - Section 8 para. 1 ....................................................................................... 106 - Section 8 para. 2 & 3 ................................................................................. 106 - Section 9 ................................................................................................... 106 - Section 9 para. 2 ................................................................................ 106, 109 - Section 10 para. 1....................................................................................... 110 - Section 10 para. 2.............................................................................. 109, 110 - Section 11 ................................................................................................. 109 - Section 12 .................................................................................................. 110 - Section 13 ..................................................................................................... 99 - Section 15 ................................................................................................. 110 - Section 16 ................................................................................................. 109 - Section 17 ................................................................................................. 109 - Section 17 para.3 ...................................................................................... 109 - Section 21 ................................................................................................. 104 - Section 22.................................................................................................. 106 - Section 23 para. 2...................................................................................... 106 - Section 23 para. 3 ..................................................................................... 106 - Section 24 ................................................................................................. 106 - Section 25 - Para.2................................................................................................... 107 - Para. 3 ...........................................................................................106, 107 - Para. 4................................................................................................... 107 - Para. 5................................................................................................... 109 - Section 26.......................................................................................... 106, 109 - Section 27 .................................................................................................. 109 - Section 9(1)................................................................................................. 107 - Section 33.................................................................................................... 278 - Sections 48.................................................................................................. 278 - Sections 49........................................................................................... 278, 283 - Section 49(2)............................................................................................... 278 - Section 49(3)............................................................................................... 278
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- Section 54 et seq......................................................................... 282, 283, 285 - Section 50.................................................................................................... 283 - Section 57.................................................................................................... 283 - Section 59................................................................................................... 283 - Section 60.................................................................................................... 285 - Section 61.................................................................................................... 285 - Section 73 ................................................................................................... 99 - Section 161.................................................................................................. 283 Ordinance N° 61/OF/9 of 16 October 1961......................................................... 14 Ordinance N° 72/4 of 26 August, 1972........................ 18, 21, 39, 41, 74, 281, 287 - Section 9(3) & (4) ........................................................................................ 41 - Section 13 ................................................................................................... 74 - Section 13 (2) ........................................................................................... 274 - Section 14 ................................................................................................... 17 - Section 16............................................................................................... 40, 41 - Section 34......................................................................................... 5, 274, 279 Ordinance n° 81/02 of 29 June 1981, Section 48 et seq. ...................................... 52 Ordinance N° 72/21 of 19 October 1972 ............................................................ 18 Ordinnance N° 72/O21 of 19 October 1972........................................................ 274 Ordinance N° 73/9 of 25 April 1973.................................................................... 18 Ordinance N° 81/02 of 29 June 1981 .................................................................. 27 Ordinance n° 89/005 of 19 December 1989, Section.3 (2).......................... 115, 194 P Proceedings Against Estates Act 1970, Section. 1.(4)......................................... 195 Public Lands Acquisition ordinance, 1948 .......................................................... 42 R Rectification, Official Gazette of Cameroon, 1955 p.554................................... 274
S Sheriffs and Civil Process Ordinance, cap 189 of the law Section 20 and 21....... 412 Supreme Court of Judicature (consolidation) Act 1925 - Section 45 (1) ............................................................................................ 242 Southern Cameroons High Court Law 1955.............................. 3, 4, 11, 12, 15, 23, 194, 214, 259, 275, 412 - Section 7 ..................................................................................................... 12 - Section 8...................................................................................................... 12 - Section 10............................................................................................. 63, 156 - Section 27 .................................................................................................... 13
xlvi
Southern Cameroons Order in Council, 1960....................................................... 12 - Section 50(2) ............................................................................................... 12 - Section 51(1) .............................................................................................. 12 Southern Cameroons’ (Constitution) Order-in -Council ..................................... 14 Supreme Court Act 1981, Section.37 (3)........................................................... 230 Supreme Court Rules of 1965.......................................................................... 5, 63 Supreme Court Act (of England), 1981, Sections 29, 30, 31 ............................... 34 Supreme Court Act 181, Section 31. .................................................................... 39 Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules, 1948 Order 2 rule 1 ......................................................................... 23, 45, 63, 64, 68 - Rule 6.................................................................................................... 160 - Order 3....................................................................................................... 319 - Rule 9 ..................................................................................................... 86 - Rule 11 ................................................................................................... 87 - Rule 12 ................................................................................................... 87 - Rule 13 ................................................................................................... 87 - Rule 14..................................................................................................... 88 - Order 4 - Rule 1 .................................................................................................... 142 - Rule 3 ............................................................................................. 143, 146 - Rule 4 .................................................................................................... 112 - Rule 5(1)......................................................................................... 148, 150 - Rule 5(2).............................................................................................. 148 - Rule 6.................................................................................................... 387 - Rule 7.................................................................................. 163, 165, 166 Order 6 - Rule 1.............................................................................................. 138, 139 - Rule 2.................................................................................................... 140 - Rule 3.................................................................................................... 136 - Order 7 - Rules 5 & 8.......................................................................................... 205 - Order 9 - Rule 1.................................................................................................... 169 - Rule 2.................................................................................................... 170 - Rule 3.................................................................................................... 384 - Rule 4.................................................................................................... 171 - Rule 5.................................................................................................... 174 - Rule 5 (a).............................................................................................. 175 - Rule 5 (b)................................................................................................ 175 - Rule 5 (c)............................................................................................... 175 - Rule 5(d)................................................................................................ 176 - Rule 6..................................................................................................... 173
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- Rule 7................................................................................................... 171 - Rule 8.................................................................................................... 172 - Rule 9.................................................................................................... 172 - Rule 10.................................................................................................. 173 - Rule 11.......................................................................................... 172, 173 - Rule 12................................................................................................ 172 - Rule 13........................................................................ 176, 181, 182, 185 - Rule 14 ................................................................................................. 176 - Rule 15................................................................................................ 182 - Rule 16................................................................................................ 171 - Rule 17................................................................................................. 186 - Order 10 - Rule 1. ................................................................................................. 185 - Rule 2... ....................................................................................... 185, 186 - Rule 3................................................................................................... 186 - Rule 6.................................................................................................... 271 - Rule 9................................................................................................... 271 - Rule 10................................................................................................. 271 - Rule 12................................................................................................. 271 - Rules 24 ............................................................................................... 271 - Rules 26 ............................................................................................... 271 - Order 11 - Rule 1(a) .............................................................................................. 348 - Rule 1(6) .............................................................................................. 348 - Rule 2 ................................................................................................... 348 - Rule 3 .................................................................................................. 348 - Rule 6.................................................................................................... 179 - Order 14 - Rule 3 .................................................................................................... 90 - Rule 6 ..................................................................................................... 91 - Order 15 rule 1.......................................................................................... 384 - Order 16 - Rule 1 (1) .................................................................................... 113, 114 - Rule 4(3) (c).......................................................................................... 123 - Order 17 - Rule 1(a)............................................................................................... 126 - Rule 2(1).............................................................................................. 128 - Rule 2 (2) ............................................................................................... 128 - Rule (3) (a).............................................................................................. 124 - Rule 3(3).................................................................................................. 131 - Rule 3(4).......................................................................................... 114, 130 - Rule 4 (3) (b) ...................................................................................... 124
xlviii
- Rule 4(4).................................................................................................. 124 - Rule 8 ................................................................................................ 114 - Rule 9 (3) ................................................................................... 113, 114 - Rule 11................................................................................................ 124 - Order 19 Rule............................................................................................. 251 - Rule 3.................................................................................................. 252 - Rule 5................................................................................................... 252 - Rule 7.................................................................................................. 252 - Rules 2 to 4.......................................................................................... 252 - Order 20 - Rule 1(a).............................................................................................. 223 - Order 21............................................................................................... 212, 213 - Rule 2.................................................................................................. 382 - Order 23 - Rule 1.................................................................................................. 256 - Rule 2 (a) & (b).................................................................................... 256 - Proviso to rule 2.................................................................................... 256 - Rule 3 ................................................................................................. 257 - Order 26 - Rule 1 ................................................................................................... 355 - Rule 2 ................................................................................................... 355 - Rule 3.................................................................................................. 355 - Rule 4.................................................................................................. 355 - Order 28, - Rule 1.................................................................................................. 243 - Rule 6.......................................................................................... 243, 244 - Rule 7.................................................................................................. 243 - Rule 10 ............................................................................................... 244 - Order 29 ............................................................................................ 373, 375 - Rules 1– 4 .......................................................................................... 373 - Rule 5............................................................................................ 241, 366 - Order 32 - Rule 5............................................................................................. 301, 302 - Rule 6................................................................................................... 301 - Rule 7................................................................................................... 316 - Rule 8................................................................................................... 316 - Rule 9................................................................................................... 328 - Rule 19.................................................................................................. 337 - Order 34 ..................................................................................................... 263 - Rule 1....................................................................................................... 263 - Rule 2.................................................................................................... 267 - Rule 3.................................................................................................... 270
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- Rule 5.................................................................................................... 268 - Rule 8................................................................................................... 264 - Rule 17................................................................................................. 264 - Rule 18................................................................................................. 264 - Rule 19................................................................................................. 264 - Rule 23.................................................................................................. 270 - Order 35 ..................................................................... 193, 195 196, 197, 200 - Rule 1. (2) .............................................................................................. 196 - Rule 4 .................................................................................................... 198 - Rule 5 ..................................................................................................... 197 - Rule 6 .................................................................................................... 197 - Rule 7............................................................................ 198, 199, 200, 204 - Rule 8.................................................................................... 200, 201, 204 - Order 36 ................................................................................................... 383 - Rule 1................................................................................................... 383 - Rule 2 ................................................................................... 263, 380, 384 - Rule 3 .................................................................................................. 380 - Rule 11 ................................................................................................. 272 - Rule 13 ....................................................................................... 185, 272 - Rule 14................................................................................................. 272 - Rule 15 ................................................................................................ 272 - Rules 16 ............................................................................................... 272 - Order 37 - Rule 1.............................................................................................. 381, 382 - Rule 2..................................................................................................... 382 - Order 38 - Rule 1 ........................................................................................... 379, 380 - Rule 2 .................................................................................................... 381 - Rule 4 ................................................................................................... 381 - Rule 5 ................................................................................................... 381 - Order 39 ................................................................................................... 379 - Order 40 ........................................................................................... 383, 384 - Rule 5...................................................................................................... 386 - Order 46 - Rule 1...................................................................................................... 401 - Rule 2...................................................................................................... 402 - Rule 3...................................................................................................... 402 - Rule 4...................................................................................................... 402 - Order 49 - Rules 3 to 5(1)...................................................................................... 252
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T The ex-German Lands Ordinance, 1948 .............................................................. 42 The Interpleader Act, 1831................................................................................. 126 - Sections 12-18 .......................................................................................... 126 The Protectorate Courts Ordinance; N째 45 of 1933, Section 3.............................. 11 The Supreme Court Practice, 1979, p.195........................................................... 198 The Code et Lois du Cameroun, Tome, Sections 54, 66, 68, and sections 203-206............................................................................................................... 403 The Uniformity of Process Act, 1832................................................................. 293
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Introduction. The reasons behind my decision to write a book on the procedure for the conduct of civil and commercial litigation applicable in the High Courts of the North-West and South-West Provinces are many and varied. Firstly, during the relatively short time I spent teaching tutorials in the Faculty of Laws and Economic Sciences of the University of Yaounde, I discovered that the average student invariably finds the study of civil procedure tedious and confusing. This is the more critical when the student qualifies and happens to go into private practice or becomes a magistrate. He soon discovers that the issues, which take up most of his time, are procedural rather than substantive in nature. I have also come to realise as a legal practitioner, that these difficulties stem from the fact that the main and so-called “appropriate textbooks”1 are of Nigerian and/or British origin, containing material on the several Supreme Court Rules that apply today in the High Courts of the various states of Nigeria or Britain. Thus, it becomes difficult; indeed tedious and confusing to extract from them doctrinal concepts that bear a relationship to the Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules that apply in the High Courts of the North-West and South-West Provinces of Cameroon. As a legal practitioner, I have found that very many things are uncertain about the rules that apply in this part of Cameroon so much so that in practice both the practitioner and judge alike exhibit the tendency to adopt the 1
That is, Aguda, T.A. Principles of Practice and Procedure, The author himself makes it clear that this book “ has been specially written and designed for legal Practitioners in Nigeria”.
1
interpretation of any of the Nigerian Rules or the Rules themselves which seem to coincide with some social justification. Moreover, the books on the subject be they British or Nigerian, do not, in my humble opinion, satisfy the desire for real practical considerations that occur in the ordinary life of practice and judicial decision-making within the Republic of Cameroon. It is for these and other reasons that I assumed this task. 1. Nature and Scope of the Subject. The subject matter consists essentially of a practical approach in the examination and analysis of the rules applied in the adjudication of civil and commercial litigation by the High Courts of the North-West and South-West Provinces. However, because of the absence of textbooks that provide comprehensive treatment, I have decided to tackle the commencement of Labour and Matrimonial Proceedings in the early chapters for the sake of providing the beginner with some elementary knowledge on these methods that are often taken for granted by legal practitioners and even by the courts. The principal rules treated in this textbook are therefore the Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules of Nigeria, which were enacted as chapter 211 of the laws of Nigeria, Revised Edition 1948, volume X, in pursuance of section 56 of the Nigerian Supreme Court Ordinance of 1948. This latter ordinance is to be found on page 197 of volume IV of the 1948 Revised Laws of Nigeria. 2. Origin and Scope of the Rules. The origin of these rules is traceable to the Judicature Acts of England 1873-75; on which is founded the modern legal system of England and other Commonwealth countries. These Acts established the Supreme Court of Judicature consisting of a High Court and a Court of Appeal, thus replacing the variety of superior and appellate courts that had come into existence in England during a period of over 600 years. This is basically the type of court system the North-West and South-West Provinces inherited from England and Nigeria. In these Acts was inserted a provision empowering a Rules Committee to make Rules applicable in the newly created High Court. A Rules committee set up for that purpose published its report in 1833 and this became the English Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules and was made a schedule to the Judicature Acts.
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3. The Nigerian 1948 Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules. Now, by the year 1948, the Federal Territory of Nigeria which was a colony of Britain, drew inspiration form the English Supreme Court Rules, and made its own Rules for the High Court that came into existence during a 1945 judicial organisation. In 1954, the Southern Cameroons ceased to be part of the Eastern Region of Nigeria, acquired a quasi-Federal status and its High Court became an adjunct of the Lagos High Court. On November 26, 1955, Sir, James Wilson Robertson, Governor-General and commander-inchief of Nigeria caused to be enacted the Southern Cameroons High Court Law, which provided, inter alia, that, “the common law, the doctrines of Equity and the statutes of general application which were enforceable in England on the 1st day of January 1900 shall, in so far as they relate to any matter with respect to which the legislature of the Southern Cameroons is for the time being competent to make laws, be in force within the jurisdiction of its High Court” The legislature of the Southern Cameroons never made its own Rules of the Supreme Court. This is not surprising because the judges who sat in this court were the judges of the High Court of Lagos, and they continued to apply the Nigerian Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules of 1948 so much so that the necessity for an independent set of Rules applicable to this jurisdiction was not felt. So those Rules, even though they have been substantially repealed in Nigeria, have continued in application to date. 4. The Nature and Content of The Rules. These Rules are set out in a number of chapters referred to as orders, and each order contains a number of Rules relating to each aspect of practice and procedure. The Rules are made up of 520 orders covering virtually every aspect of practice and procedure including proceedings under the Legitimacy Ordinance, Probate and Administration, Arbitration and even appeals from customary courts sitting on civil matters. This book, however, will not deal with these specialised subjects of procedure, but will concern itself with the main Rules, which serve as a pointer in all the fields. A Rule is cited along with its order, for example, the fourth Rule contained in “Order Four” is cited, Order 2. Rule 4 and this may be abbreviated O.2 r.4.
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Index A
C
absolute discretion 349 acquiescence 314 action 23 adjudication 2 admissibility 375 affidavit 26, 71 after Christmas 355 aggrieved party 386 Allied Powers 9 answer the point of substance 327 appellate jurisdiction 13 application for writ of summons 294 Articles of Association 25 assessors 81, 82 attachment 405
certiorari 20 Chancery Procedure Act 64 cheque 21, 99 Chief Justice 12, 13 Christmas Day 355 civil and commercial debts 21 civil cause book 48 collective litigation 75 collective revendication 76 Commissioner 12 Commissioner of the Southern Cameroons 12 committee 136 common law 3 common Law Procedure Acts of 1852,1854 and 1860 294 Companies Ordinance 24 conclusions of mixed law and fact 303 confrontational Approach 399 constitutional history 9 contempt of court 372, 376 counterclaim 296 court of Chancery 125 cross-action 358
B Bill of Exchange 99 bill of exchange 21 Bill of Inter-pleader 126 British 2, 9 burden of proof 392
413
cross-examination 396 cross-petition 29 Customary Court 20 customary courts 3
functus afficio 405 foreign 313 foreign law 316
G
D
general damage 318 general traverse 320 generally endorsed writ 51 Germans 9 Good Friday 355 guardian ad litem 138
declaration 294 default of appearance 394 discovery of documents 365 discretion 387 dispute of fact 66 doctrines of Equity 3 Documentary evidence 391 domicile 95
H Habeas corpus 20 High Court 9 High Court of Lagos 11 hostile witness 390
E enlargement of time 351 Equity 13 essential ingredient of 331 estoppel 314 evasive traverse 328 evidence-in-chief 396 ex turpi causa non oritur actio 314 examination in-chief 395 executory clause 107, 109 extension of time 349
I
F facta probantia 306 factum probandum 305 Federal Government 14 Federal Territory of Nigeria 3 filed and served statement of claim 295 First World War 9 fishing 375
414
identity of other wrongdoers 375 individual litigation 75 inference of law 303 Injonction de faire 85 injonction de payer 84 injunction or declaration 357 Insinuation 399 inspection of documents 365 inter-pleader summons 129, 130, 131 interrogatories 365
J joinder of issue 329 joins issue 329 Judicature Act 1873 357 Judicature Acts 2
Judicature Acts 1873-75 294, 304 judiciary 10 jurisdiction 18 jurisdiction 3, 53 justification or privilege 305
N
K
next friend 136 Nigerian 2 no case submission 394 notice 362 notice of appointment 72
KAMERUN 9
O
L
OHADA Uniform Act 94, 411 opposition 109 Ordinance n째 72/4 of 26 287
latches 314 Law 10 law and equity 13 law N째 89/017 of 28 July 1989 287 leading question 396 Legislature of the Southern Cameroons 12 litigation 11 Littleton Constitution 11 locus in quo 392
P
M Magistrates Courts 13 maintenance claims 409 mandamus 20 mandated territories 9 mandatory agreement 9 Matrimonial Causes Rules of 1977 29 Memorandum of Association 25 misjoinder of parties 151 Monday and Tuesday in Easter Week 355
415
Partners in a partnership 141 petition 24 petition or Bill 125 plea 294 pleadings 79 Power 18 prerogative writs 20 Probing 399 prohibition 20 Promissory note 99 promissory note 21 Protectorate 10 provisional enforcement 404 Provisional Execution 406 public holiday 355 purchaser for value without notice 315
Q Quasi-Federal State 11 quis affirmat debet probare 389
summons 44 Sunday 348 Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules 2 Supreme Court Civil Procedure Rules of Nigeria (19 294 Supreme Court of Judicature 2, 10 surprise at the trial 319 surrebutters 296 surrejoinders 296
R ratione personae jurisdiction 20 re-examination 396 rebutters 296 reconciliation 110 reduction in share capital 25 rejoinder 296 relevancy 375 replication 294 res ipsa loquitur 314 Resident 11 Royal command 45
T territorial jurisdiction 19, 52 The Statute of Limitations 315 The Uniform Act 103 traverses 322 trusts 70
S set-off and counterclaim 315 Sheriff’s Inter-pleader 126 single judge 13 Southern Cameroons 3 Southern Cameroons High Court Law 3, 4 Southern Provinces of Nigeria 11 special court 73 specially endorsed 301 specially endorsed writ 51 stakeholder’s Inter-pleader 126 statutes of general 3 statutes of general application 3 stay of execution 402 stay of the proceedings 110 subpoena duces 372 Subpoena Duces Tecum 368 subpoena duces tecum 372, 391 suggestive question 396 suit 23 Summary Payment Injunction Procedure 92
U Undefended List 86 undue influence 314 unfettered discretion 342 Uniformity of Process Act 1832 293 unliquidated damages 357
W want of prosecution 349 wilful disobedience 376 writ of summons 23 written pleadings 294
416
Achevé d'imprimer en Janvier 2003 Dépôt légal Janvier 2003
417
ISBN 2-912086-62-0 9 782912 086624