APPENDIX

LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS INTERVIEWED

> Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Philippines > Bank of Ghana > Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation > CNBV Mexico > European Banking Authority > Monetary Authority of Singapore > Nepal Rastra Bank

SUMMARY OF SELECTED CASE STUDIES

COUNTRY IMPLEMENTING ACTOR DESCRIPTION

GHANA Bank of Ghana Implemented an integrated financial surveillance system to track loans taken by women and men.

INDIA Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) Provides a unique identity number to residents of India, and resident’s Aadhaar number is linked to their demographic and biometric information, which is stored in a centralized system. KYC utility Data collection, usage and management.

MEXICO The National Banking and Securities Commission in Mexico Partnered with R2A and tech vendor Gestell to develop new data infrastructure and a data storage platform that can house transactional data submitted by supervised entities through APIs. API, data warehouse

NEPAL Nepal Rastra Bank Helps track financial progress in the country through a financial inclusion portal.

NIGERIA79,80 Central Bank of Nigeria

PHILIPPINES BSP Assigned users Bank Verification Numbers (BVN), a unique identification number that can be used to track bank transactions and identify theft and fraud. Created a centralized database of fraud data for banks to verify watch-listed individuals. API, data warehouse, biometrics

Chatbot commissioned NLP and AI/ML to help enable consumer protection in the Philippines.

RWANDA National Bank of Rwanda (BNR) BNR developed an electronic data warehouse (EDW system) for automating and streamlining reporting processes.

UNITED KINGDOM 81 Bank of England82 Published a paper that showed how machine learning tools could be used to extract timely economic signals from newspaper text. The report found that “these improvements are most pronounced during periods of economic stress when, arguably, forecasts matter most”.83 NLP, ML

TECHNOLOGIES INVOLVED

AI, ML, big data

CORRESPONDING THEME(S)

Women’s financial inclusion.

Detection and prevention of financial crime.

GIS

API, NLP, AI, ML

Data warehouse Data collection, usage and management. Data collection, usage and management. Prevention of financial crimes. Consumer protection and market conduct.

Data collection and management. Remote supervision and reporting. Emergencies and crises.

79 Central Bank of Nigeria. 2017. The regulatory framework for bank verification number (BVN) operations and watch-list for the nigerian financial system.

Available at: https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2017/BPSD/Circular%20on%20the%20Regulatory%20Framework%20for%20BVN%20%20Watchlist%20for%20

Nigerian%20Financial%20System.pdf. 80 Central Bank of Nigeria. Bank verification number (BVN) enrollment for customers. Available at: https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2017/OFISD/CIRCULAR%20

ON%20BVN%20OF%20OFIs0001%20(3).pdf. 81 Bank of England. 2020. Eleni Kalamara, Arthur Turrell, Chris Redl, George Kapetanios and Sujit Kapadia. Staff working paper No. 865. Making text count: economic forecasting using newspaper text. Available at: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/working-paper/2020/making-text-counteconomic-forecasting-using-newspaper-text.pdf?la=en&hash=E81EC91956CEA4FC6F63C4DC5942F0E9D4580558. 82 Central banking. 2020. The winners of the 2020 FinTech and RegTech global awards. Available at: https://www.centralbanking.com/awards/7703456/thewinners-of-the-2020-fintech-and-regtech-global-awards. 83 Bank of England. 2020. Eleni Kalamara, Arthur Turrell, Chris Redl, George Kapetanios and Sujit Kapadia. Staff working paper No. 865. Making text count: economic forecasting using newspaper text. Available at: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/working-paper/2020/making-text-counteconomic-forecasting-using-newspaper-text.pdf?la=en&hash=E81EC91956CEA4FC6F63C4DC5942F0E9D4580558.

Alliance for Financial Inclusion

AFI, Sasana Kijang, 2, Jalan Dato’ Onn, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia t +60 3 2776 9000 e info@afi-global.org www.afi-global.org