The Refuge
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Le tre eta della donna, Gustav Klimt
Dawn will bring a new light, my darling
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Mother and Child, Eduard Lobanovskiy
Nur Afifah Intanjudin Architectural Design 5, November 2012 School of Architecture and the Built Environment University of Newcastle, NSW
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Carthusian Monestary of Clermont, France
CONTENTS
Project Initiation Site analysis Concept Schematic design Developed design Detailed design Final design
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a
Summary This report documents the design and research undertaken during Master of Architecture final year project. The nature of the course allows students to direct their endavours around a project of their choice and allwos them to have full control from the project initiation, site, programs to architectural interpretation based on their research and exploration. This allows opportunities to investigate social and architectural issues relating to a personalised and engaging field of study.
Project Intent The Refuge is an investigation into the social dilemmas surrounding domestic violence, particularly support for victims after domestic violence, specifically women and children. The main theme is to provide a development that is conducive to victim’s psychological healing through architecture and holistic programs. The Refuge will act as a transition home for victims who have left their abusive relationship and looking for a new start in life. Left: View of site from Carrington, 1960 (source: University of Newcastle Culltural Collenctions
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Project Initiation
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Domestic violence Domestic violence refers to acts of violence that occur between people who have, or have had, an intimate relationship in domestic settings. These acts include physical, sexual, emotional and psychological abuse. It ‘...corrodes the fabric of women’s emotional and social worlds’ (Abrahams, 2007). It is a process of extinguishing a women’s sense of herself, her relationships, her understanding of her past and her present. Statistics Map below maps out crime hotspot related to domestic violence incidence occurred in Newcastle Local Government Area. Crime hotspots are areas of high crime density relative to crime concentrations across NSW. These hotspots are based on criminal incidents reported to the NSW Police.
Domestic violence in Hunter Region, 2007 Central Hunter 2720 Hunter Valley 1004 Lake Macquarie 3157 Manning
1976
Newcastle City 3532 Port Stephens 1676 Total
14,065
(source: www.dvnewcastle.com.au/research.htm) (source: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/pages/bocsar_lga_crimemaps)
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Power and Control Wheel of domestic violence Project Initiation 13
Accommodation Assistance Domestic violence is the single most prevailing cause for ‘women and children access homeless assistance services (graph) in Australia’ and based on Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Female SAAP Clients Escaping Domestic and Family Violence 2003-04, September 2005, ‘1 out of 2 women who approached a refuge was turned away’. Therefore, the need for accommodation both short and medium term for these women and children are imminent. Demographic of refuge services Currently there are four women’s refuge listed services located in the Hunter Region: • Carrie’s Women & Children’s Services Inc. – Maitland • Faith Cottage Salvation Army Women’s Refuge – Newcastle • Jenny’s Place – Newcastle • Warlga Ngurra Women’s Refuge, Aboriginal focus
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Hunter Women’s Centre Mayfield Project Initiation 15
Women’s refuge
CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND
LIVING
KITCHEN
ROOM 1
LAUNDRY
Refuges are short to medium term emergency accommodation for women who have just made an escape from their violent relationship by leaving their house. These usually cater to local women and the duration of their stay will be between 1 week to 3 months. The women will usually be given starter kit with everyday essentials such as toothbrush and soap, considering that they left their houses in such haste. They also usually are provided with basic food such as noodles and bread since they don’t cook for themselves. The refuge are run by social workers, where the victims are able to have maximum supervision by them.
ROOM 5
ROOM 4
INTERVIEW BATHROOM ROOM 2 ROOM 3 From an interview with Christine Oberg, a counsellor from Hunter ROOM Women’s Centre, she had outlined the typical configuration of existing women’s refuges (photo right). These refuges are purpose built and OFFICE SERVICE ROAD typically blends in with the surrounding context. The function of these refuges is to provide a safe and hidden accommodation for women and children who has just fled their violent relationship. According to Mrs. Oberg, the maximum duration of their stay is 3 months and the victims will either move on to transition homes or to family members.
Exit houses Exit houses are self-contained accommodation scattered around a city, such as an apartment or a house. These houses are still run by refuges and social workers will be scheduled to visit the houses. The purpose of exit houses is to build a renting history for the victims, making it easier for them to rent houses once they are ready to move on to a new life without their former partner. Women who have stayed in a refuge, will then be moved to a transition home, usually away from their locality depending on the severity of their past relationship.
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The adverse effect of these accommodations is the high probability of the women to succumb to depression due to the isolation. Since one of the major part of domestic abuse is isolation, it is best to reduce the possibility of these recovering women to be isolated in their houses. Living in the refuge Based on the book ‘Supporting Women after Domestic Violence’, interview of women living in refuges regarding possible improvements in a refuge provide some key insights on life within a refuge. Some key issues are: • Quality accommodation • Well maintained • Adequate security measures - security cameras and alarm systems • Separate bedrooms to give mothers privacy from children • Some privacy for teenagers away from both parents and younger children • Own toilet and personal washing facilities • Shared kitchen, but with sufficient individual cooking facilities. The main body of opinion was emphatically in favour of shared cooking and eating facilities, to provide opportunities for conversation and lessen isolation. • Shared communal areas to encourage interaction, friendship and mutual support and provide a space for group activities. • Quiet rooms for interviews/counselling or specific area for prayers/meditation/quiet thought • Easy access to workers for practical and emotional support • Small family-sized refuges, nine or more family rooms in a house was regarded as too much. They also pointed out that this would limit the numbers of children at any one time and reduce the inevitable noise levels, particularly at weekends and as holidays.
Project Initiation 17
The Project
Isolation of domestic abuse
Women’s Refuge 1 week to 3 months
Developing a transitional accommodation between refuge and exit houses for women and children recovering from domestic violence The aim is to eliminate isolation during the victim’s critical emotional healing phase. The project encourage self-sufficiency while still being within an environment that is conducive to emotional and psychological recovery.
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Exit houses 3 to 12 months Scheduled visits from social worker
NSW Women’s Refuge Movement campaign ‘For many women there’s no escape from domestic violence’ Project Initiation 19
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Site Analysis
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Site Analysis 23
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1. North facing site and higher elevation gives opportunities for maximum sun exposure into spaces 2. Possibility of optimizing the height to allow maximum view of Newcastle throughout the development 3. The elevation also became a psychological attribute of ‘safety’ or ‘safe place’ 4. Wind direction from Northwest in the morning, and Southeast in the evening 24
5. Sun diagram for Newcaslte, Australia
The Church as a Place of Refuge A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine. By the use of such places as a safe haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety. Church sanctuary A sacred place, such as a church, in which fugitives formerly were immune to arrest (recognized by English law from the fourth to the seventeenth century) (Source: A plate in ‘’More Pictures of British History’’ by E.L.Hosyn, B.A., London, 1914, p.20)
Site Analysis 25
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Concept
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Pilgrimage is a journey often seen in many religions as a spiritual quest. The act involves three distinct phase, separation, initiation and arrival. The journey occurs on a sequence of paths that creates series of sacred thresholds. Separation ‘This intermediary zone acts as a bridge between the pilgrim’s old life and the hoped-for healing cure or spiritual transformation; both physical path and emotional state’ . Initiation ‘...is the ‘physical and spiritual trials and specific rituals in part define the act of pilgrimage’. Arrival
‘...is the ‘...goal of all pilgrimage, both physically and symbolically’ as well as spiritually.
Left: Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Egypt
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Above: Temple of Hathor, Egypt
The act of domestic violence goes beyond the physical realm. It is the displacement of the victim’s essence of Self from the world. Hence the recovery involves the process of reaffirmation of one’s place within the society, the world; a pilgrimage to make oneself whole again. Relating the sequence of the ‘pilgrimage path’ to the project, Sacred is the body and Self.
Solitude Moments of seclusion as appreciation of Self
Ritual Chores and activities giving purpose to keep the family unit together
Community A sense of belonging, a stark contrast to the isolation long endured
Concept 29
Architecture The architecture acts as a concretization of the victim’s existence within the world, and the path is to aid the transformation and realisation of the bigger world out there. Strategy Continuing from the study on sacred architecture, the spaces are arranged according to the sequence of public to private and the increasing elevation of the site becomes the incline towards sacredness, which is the Self. The journey begins with a women’s centre, as the first contact point. Along the path, are the accommodations and along this path there is a garden in which the women will work on as a daily ‘ritual’. The path ends at the bath house that submerged into the ground to signify that recovery of Self, begins from within.
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Concept 31
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Schematic
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The design process delved further into the exploration of the ‘path’. The path becomes the guideline in shaping the women’s life within the refuge. Continuing from concept stage, the path moves from community to the more sacred, which is the Self. The spaces are arranged along the path where it begins with the community up to the more private spaces. The lowest level consists of community facilities where society can interact with the women; moving further up the site, the crisis accommodation and shared facilities. Continuing further up along the path, to the medium term share house, the single family house. Then the path will lead to the gardens where the women work and from the gardens they create their own path leading to the bath house.
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Path explorations
The Therme Vals, Peter Zumthor Schematic 35
Garden and bath house
Medium -term accommodation; shared house, self-contained units
Crisis accommodation and common facilities
Community and support
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Schematic 37
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Schematic 39
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Developed
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Developed design requires a thorough revisit on the development’s programs and to further resolve it on a more detailed level. Further research and interviews resulted in the reduction of the development size. Within developed stage, the focus of the design process is the minute details such as materiality thresholds in between different spaces and the functionality of each space. For this particular section, the focus will be on the residential units. The units are arranged facing north to maximize sun exposure. Spaces such as living areas will open up towards the north and towards the communal garden. The units are also submerged into the ground, allowing the units behind them to have a view of Newcastle skyline. Brick walls, polished concrete floor and timber are the main material palette for the residential units. The choice is predominantly to withstand wear and tear as well as to create an ambience of warmth and homeliness.
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Developed 43
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Developed 45
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Residential units are designed to optimize adaptability. The living area can be turned into a bedroom during night time and the space can be spilled out into the large timber deck as a casual dining area where the women and children can mingle. These can be extended out into the garden where they can build a fire and chat. Mother’s have their own separate bedroom but the wall can be porous. The rotating wall can be a signal to the children whether the mother needs some privacy Developed 47
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Detail design
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0 2
4
A
B
R1-A
R1-B
R1-D
R1-C
R1-F
R1-E
R1-G
R1-I
R1-H
R1-J
C R1-L
R1-K
R1-M
R1-N
R1-O
R1-P
40850 11075
16500
8200 2900
12630
8200 5300
2900
8200 5300
8200
2900
5300
2900
6
5300
1
1150
1500
1500
R1-1 W1
-2
W1
MASTER BEDROOM
3100
1100
built-in wardrobe to be installed to manuf's detail
6325
R1-2
UNIT 1 HT FFL: +3.95m 4.8 sqm
dp
BATHROOM UNIT 2 HT FFL: +4.95m 4.8 sqm
W2
900
3225
R1-2
FD1
D2
LIVING/BEDROOM
LIVING/BEDROOM
1050
W2
PW 1
800
LIVING/BEDROOM
W3
UNIT 3 PCONC FFL: +6.0m 21.5 sqm
W2
dp
D2
800
FD1
W2
UNIT 4 PCONC FFL: +6.0m 21.5 sqm
PW 1
T: 300 R: 175 4
2
3
W2
6
2
5
1
4
D1
LIVING CORRIDOR TDECK FFL: +5.0M
3
T: 300 R: 175
2 3
8
LIVING/BEDROOM
dp
PW 1
1
4
2
1700
UNIT 4 HT FFL: +5.95m 4.8 sqm
900
LIVING CORRIDOR TDECK FFL: +5.0M
6
5
3
T: 300 R: 175 T: 300 R: 175
UNIT 4 TDECK FFL: +6.0 m
D1
5510
1
1
DECK
SD2
BATHROOM
W2
dp
PW 1
LIVING CORRIDOR TDECK FFL: +4.0M
1700
3100
FD1
D2
D1
400
W2
W3
UNIT 2 PCONC FFL: +5.0m 21.5 sqm
dp
D1
R1-1
dp
900
800
W3
UNIT 1 PCONC FFL: +4.0m 21.5 sqm
dp
4
5
5
6
R2-1
UNIT 3 HT FFL: +5.95m 4.8 sqm
1100
built-in wardrobe to be installed to manuf's detail
SD2
BATHROOM
W2
900
800
W3
dp
UNIT 4 PCONC FFL: +6.0m 8.9 sqm
UNIT 3 TDECK FFL: +6.0 m
1100
built-in wardrobe to be installed to manuf's detail
SD2
FD1
D2
MASTER BEDROOM
DECK
UNIT 3 PCONC FFL: +6.0m 8.9 sqm
UNIT 2 TDECK FFL: +5.0 m
1100
built-in wardrobe to be installed to manuf's detail
SD2
BATHROOM
1150
W1
MASTER BEDROOM
DECK
UNIT 2 PCONC FFL: +5.0m 8.9 sqm
UNIT 1 TDECK FFL: +4.0 m
1500
W1
MASTER BEDROOM
DECK
UNIT 1 PCONC FFL: +4.0m 8.9 sqm
6
W1 01 502
MASTER BEDROOM UNIT 5 PCONC FFL: +5.0m 8.9 sqm
1100
6325
built-in wardrobe to be installed to manuf's detail
R2-2
BATHROOM UNIT 5 HT FFL: +4.95m 4.8 sqm
dp
D2
01 502
DECK
UNIT 5 TDECK FFL: +5.0 m
400
1800
1900
400
400
2800
6000
3100
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OUTDOOR COMMUNE PCONC FFL: +6.0M
PW 2
3225
900
W3
800
KITCHEN/COMMUNE PCONC FFL: +6.0M
FD2
10
2400 4075
LIVING/BEDROOM UNIT 5 PCONC FFL: +5.0m 21.5 sqm
dp
T: 300 R: 175
D1
4
6
5
3
2
1
R2-3
LIVING CORRIDOR TDECK FFL: +5.0M
2000
W2
R2-4
1
T: 300 R: 175 VEGETABLE GARDEN
2
W1
3 4
MASTER BEDROOM
3100
UNIT 6 PCONC FFL: +7.0m 8.9 sqm
1100
built-in wardrobe to be installed to manuf's detail
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DECK
UNIT 6 TDECK FFL: +7.0 m
6 7 8 9 10
6325
R2-5
UNIT 6 HT FFL: +6.95m 4.8 sqm
54500
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING REFER TO DRAWING A102
11 BATHROOM dp
D2
FD2 PW 2
900
3225
R2-6
W3
800
LIVING/BEDROOM UNIT 6 POLISHED CONCRETE FFL: +7.0m 21.5 sqm
dp
D1
R2-7
CODE
LIVING CORRIDOR TDECK FFL: +7.0M
2000
W2
R2-8
1
3100
900 x 2400 timber frame single leaf solid timber door with waterproofing treatment to manuf's detail
UNIT 7 PCONC FFL: +8.0m 8.9 sqm
1100
built-in wardrobe to be installed to manuf's detail
3600 x 2400 timber frame folding sliding solid timber door with fixed glass panel to manuf's detail
SD1
1200 x 2400 timber frame sliding solid timber door to manuf's detail
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DECK
6
UNIT 7 TDECK FFL: +8.0 m
6325
12 BATHROOM UNIT 1 HT FFL: +7.95m 4.8 sqm
dp
D2
FD2 PW 2
CODE
3225
900
W3
800
UNIT 7 PCONC FFL: +8.0m 21.5 sqm
D1
R2-10
W2
LIVING CORRIDOR TDECK FFL: +8.0M
W1
1210 x 1200 timber frame casement window to manuf's detail
W2
850 x 1200 timber frame casement window to manuf's detail
W3
01
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PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL GF PLAN 1:100
WINDOW SCHEDULE DESCRIPTION
LIVING/BEDROOM
dp
A102
4800 x 2400 timber frame folding sliding solid timber door with fixed glass panel to manuf's detail
FD2
3
MASTER BEDROOM
2
D2
2
W1
4
R2-9
1000 x 2400 timber frame single leaf solid timber door to manuf's detail
FD1 T: 300 R: 175
DOOR SCHEDULE DESCRIPTION
D1
600x 850 timber frame top hung window to manuf's detail
PW1
3600 x 1800 timber frame pivoting h.w slats window to manuf's detail
PW2
1200 x 1800 timber frame pivoting h.w slats window to manuf's detail
Notes:
The information
used or reprodu
Verify all dimen
the commence
Drawings are to
Use figured dim
Afifah Intanjudi
copies of drawi
The completion
conformation o
construction un
Legend: PCONC TDECK HT TC H.W F.F.L
0.53 BHP galvanised corrugated roofing with coated screw fixings to engnr's detail
ROOM TAG FO
900
900
50 x 50 HW battens at max 900 cts to engnr's details screw fix to rafters
900
ROOM NA UNIT NUMB FLOOR FIN F.F.L
2300
700
800 04
800
A902
800 01
Silicone joint laminated glass cut to size
+7.5
MOTHER'S BEDROOM
DOCUMENTAT
ZERO, NOT AB
REFER TO DR
150 X 150 local HW timber column Treated local timber decking with tongue and groove connection
400
SEMI PRIVATE GARDEN
Reinforced concrete retaining wall to engnr's detail
LIVING OUTDOOR DECK
Project: TRANSITI 06 A902
Polished concrete floor finish
480
+5.48
2. ALL DRAWIN
A902
Soil composition to detail for medium vegetation
Garden retaining wall with polished finish to be used as seating
OUTDOOR PRIVATE DECK
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3. THE CONTO
Treated local timber decking with tongue and groove connection 02
1. CHECK ALL
• • ••••
Insulated timber stud wall with timber siding on exterior wall and plasterboard on the interior
A902
General floor p
700
A902
+5.0 +4.95
07 A902
Location: 43 WOLFE NSW 2300
Client: WOMEN'S
03 A902
Drawing ti PROPOSE GROUND
+4.5
DRAWN :
A
SCALE :
1
DATE
1
:
n
DRAWING NO:
01 A502
TYPICAL SECTION OF A RESIDENTIAL UNIT 1:20
A
ARCHITECTUR
Detail design 51
700
0.53 BHP galvanised corrugated roofing with coated screw fixings to engnr's detail
Roof interior lined with 13mm plasterboard
50 x 50 HW battens at max 900 cts to engnr's details screw fix to rafters
Gutter brackets steel to engr's detail
Over battens lay chicken mesh double sided sisalation and 75 insulwood blanket over whole roof area
Silicone joint laminated glass cut to size
150 dia. half round galvanised gutter
• • ••••
200 x 50 local HW F11 min rafters at 1m cts to engnr's detail
Perimeter wall sill to engnr's detail Interior roof surfaced lined with 13mm plasterboard
150 x 50 HW top plate to engr's detail
150 X 150 local HW timber column
8mm x 5mm deep saw cut all round end of timber rafters. Apply protective bitumen paint to end as indicated
Exposed roof deck
Drip 01 A902
SECTION 1:5
04
05
A902
A902
SECTION 1:5
15mm treated local timber siding with tongue and groove connection 20mm lathing 150 X 150 local HW timber column botled to concrete foundation by steel plate
20mm semi-rigid insulation with rain screen 13mm particleboard sheathing 100mm mineral wool between support posts and studs damp proof membrane
02 A902
Interior wall lined with 13mm plasterboard
SECTION
Galv. steel right angle piece with bolted to concrete foundation to engnr's detail
1:5
H.W perimeter sill bolted to concrete Aluminium angle seal Flashing
FFL: +5.0 FFL: +4.95
Treated local timber decking with tongue and groove connection
06 A902
SECTION 1:5
P.T header joist bolted to foundation wall Deck joist Joist hanger
FFL: +4.95
Expansion and filler at perimeter
115 x 25 tongue and groove timber decking
250mm SL92 reinforced concrete polished with surface sealing to engnr's detail
100 x 50 timber joists
Waterproofing membrane 150mm compacted gravel
100 x 50 timber bearers
GL: +4.5 Retaining wall to engnr's detail
Foundation wall to engnr's detail 03 A902
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SECTION 1:5
07 A902
SECTION 1:5
Notes:
The inform
used or rep
Verify all d
the comme
Drawings a
Use figured
0.53 BHP galvanised corrugated roofing with coated screw fixings to engnr's detai
Afifah Intan
copies of d
The comple
conformatio
constructio
Legend: PCONC TDECK HT
75mm roof insulationi
TC H.W F.F.L
ROOM TAG
ROOM UNIT N FLOOR F.
General flo
100mm mineral wool between support posts and studs
Chicken mesh
1. CHECK
2. ALL DRA
DOCUMEN
3. THE CO
ZERO, NO
13mm particleboard sheathing
50 x 50 HW battens at max 900 cts to engnr's details screw fix to rafter
REFER TO
20mm semi-rigid insulation with rain screen
13mm plasterboard
200 x 50 local HW F11 min rafters at 1m cts to engnr's detai
15mm treated local timber siding with tongue and groove connection
Project: TRANS
Exaggerated window coping and sill
Locatio 43 WO NSW 2
Timber framed casement window
Drawing PROPO GROUN
Client: WOME 30 x 300 local timber pivoting window slats
50 x 150 H.W timber window frame
50 x 150 H.W timber window frame
Garden planterbox to detail
DRAWN : SCALE : DATE
:
n
DRAWING NO:
01 A903
Typical isometric of residential unit 1:50
ARCHITEC
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Final design
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58
Final design 59
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Final design 61
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Final design 63
Sacred is Self