Njomboro
Uche Maxwel
Volvo Trucks delivers its first all-electric heavy-duty truck to the African continent. The refuse collection vehicle has been delivered to a Moroccan company, Arma, in the city of Rabat and is the first BEV truck from a global manufacturer to be in commercial operation in Africa.
The automaker suggests that by replacing the existing Volvo FE diesel truck with a Volvo FE electric on a typical route, approximately 30 tons of CO2 could be saved every year. There is a growing push to produce greener energy in Africa, especially solar. Morocco is a leader in solar power and home to the world’s biggest concentrated solar power facility, Noor Quarzazate, located 124 miles (200 km) southeast of Marrakech. The Volvo FE Electric is one of six all-electric Volvo truck models already in production.
Martin Nilsson, Managing Director of Volvo Trucks Morocco, says: “This clearly shows that zero-emissions trucks have a role to play in many parts of the world. Volvo is the first global brand with heavy electric trucks in commercial operation in Africa. We have the broadest electrictruck lineup in the industry, which makes it possible to electrify a large
part of heavy transports today.”
Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are in urgent need of alternative energy sources for transport to stave off the growing burden of fuel dependency and subsidies, as well as an electricity storage solution to leverage their abundant renewable energy resources, according to Mordor Intelligence.
Bustami and Saheb Group, through Mobility Solution Auto Trading Co. the official dealer launched the BYD brand in Jordan, at a prestige ceremony held at the Ritz Carlton Hotel Amman on Thursday the 9th of March, among the presence of both the Jordanian and Chinese government officials.
This launch is in line with the vision of Bustami & Saheb Group to deliver electric vehicles, in particular BYD’s advanced technologies and innovative products to the Jordanian market. With BYD’s new energy vehicle range, the group seeks to offer an unparalleled environmentally friendly vehicle line-up and customer experience to their clients in Jordan, while being delighted to be associated with a brand that shares its values and vision for a better and more sustainable future.
A showcase of all models of BYD vehicles was featured during the live event, including the BYD Dolphin compact electric vehicle, Luxury Smart Sedan Han EV’s and BYD TANG electric seven-seater, along with the Intelligent Electric Vehicle ATTO3 as the audiences were given the opportunity to view these cars, impressed by the high-tech and elegant design of BYD vehicles.
BYD is a leading global brand in electric vehicles and is committed to making the world a better place through its sustainable and innovative products. The launch in Jordan is an important step towards BYD’s expansion in the Middle East market, and a more significant move towards Bustami & Saheb Group’s vision to lead Jordan’s vehicle automotive sector.
GAC Motors has unveiled its ultra-modern G-Style showroom in Abuja, the nation’s capital. This is in line with its commitment to the development of the automobile industry in Nigeria, Leading SUV automobile company.
The showroom which has several sections such as a motor exhibition stand, express maintenance, general repair and four-wheel alignment is the second GAC G-Style showroom in Nigeria after the Lagos debut in 2022.
Among the cars on display is the brand-new GS8, a premium SUV created with the intent of meeting the high luxury requirements of business leaders on a budget. With its luxurious cabin space covered in Alcantara and leather of the highest quality, geometric face design, roaring Euro 6 engine power and diversified luxury interior
and exterior upgrade, the GS8 is a masterpiece in design with a flair of Chinese elements to meet European standards.
Chief Diana Chen, Chairman of GAC Motor in her remarks said the company believes in long-term
investments, especially in Nigeria, which is an important market for “our Africa expansion plans, especially in West Africa where we have identified opportunities of developing a collaborative automotive industry hub amongst the countries in the region.”
partnerships,” said Ms Mohamed. The lender will charge customers 14.25% interest on the loans on a reducing balance basis for up to 48 months. The turnaround time is expected not to exceed 72 hours. Customers will, however, enjoy a repayment holiday on a case-bycase basis. The deal is expected to boost the auto dealer’s sales amid an overall slump in the new vehicle industry.
Islamic lender Gulf African Bank (GAB) has inked a deal with TransAfrica Motors to finance customers buying Chinese First Automotive Works (FAW) trucks from the motor dealer. Gulf African Bank head of business, Saada Mohamed said the agreement
would see customers – Muslim and non-Muslims – access up to 80% financing for up to four years.
“At GAB, one of our aims is to ease the financial load of our existing and potential customers in the current business environment through such
Total unit sales in the formal vehicle sector shrunk 6.3 percent to 13,352 from 14,250 in the year to December 2022. The shortage of semiconductors —used in electronic devices— has hurt the production of global automakers. Semiconductors are used to control electrical current, making them essential in battery management and in-car entertainment, among other systems.
Stellantis plans to establish a large manufacturing facility in South Africa as part of a plan to sell 1 million vehicles annually in the region by 2030. The automotive conglomerate recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Industrial Development Corporation and the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition for the factory. While Stellantis has not said how much the plant will cost nor exactly where it will be located, it did reveal that it will be in a South African Special Economic Zone that will include access to free ports, free trade zones, and various other incentives.
“This is an important step in our Dare Forward 2030 strategic plan towards strengthening our leadership in the Middle East and Africa region and becoming a major player in South Africa,” Stellantis Middle East and Africa Chief
Operating Officer, Samir Cherfan said. “The manufacturing site in South Africa will be a new building block in our industrialization strategy that includes the plan to sell one million vehicles in the region by 2030 with 70% regional production autonomy and will bring us closer to our customers’ needs in the region.”
Last year, Stellantis sold 426,000 vehicles in the Middle East and Africa and while speaking on the company’s most recent earnings call, chief executive Carlos Tavares said Ram and Jeep experienced particularly strong results in the region.
and development for the Grenadier station wagon and pick-up models. It is well placed to take on INEOS Automotive’s third model line and has signed an agreement to start production of the new 4X4 at Magna’s Graz, Austria facility in 2026. Part of the development process for this new 4X4 will include a rigorous testing programme on Austria’s Schöckl mountain, which is close to Magna’s complete vehicle assembly facility.
Following the confirmation in May 2022 of a zero-emission model line, INEOS Automotive has today announced it is developing its brand new electric 4X4 vehicle in conjunction with industry-leading automotive supplier, Magna.
INEOS Automotive’s new 4X4 will
represent a unique proposition for customers. Smaller than the Grenadier, this all-new battery electric model will be zero emission and will deliver world-class off-road capability, without compromising onroad comfort or performance.
INEOS has worked with Magna previously on series engineering
“Having worked together on the engineering of the Grenadier, we’ve seen first-hand the value of applying Magna’s agility, knowledge, and experience to a complete vehicle development programme. Deepening our collaboration is a natural next step as we use the Grenadier as a springboard for our continued growth as a global automotive brand with this third model line,” adds Lynn Calder, CEO of INEOS Automotive.
Volkswagen has taken over the new vehicle assembly operations in Ghana from the brand’s licensed retailer, Universal Motors Limited (UML). UML was awarded the assembly contract when Volkswagen officially established Volkswagen Ghana, a 100 per cent subsidiary, in August, 2020. UML assembled models such as the Tiguan, Teramont, Passat, Polo, Amarok and T-Cross on behalf of Volkswagen, using semi-knocked down assembly kits imported from South Africa.
Volkswagen Ghana has subsequently opened a new 5000m² vehicle assembly facility, which is located near the Port of Tema, in Accra. It has
beginning,
facility will create about 80 jobs, including local third-party service suppliers.
Isuzu East Africa has partnered with the Kenya Coast National Polytechnic to launch a partnership program that will upskill students to global automotive industry standards.
In a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), the program will see the institution’s best automotive students being onboarded for a oneyear course in theory and practical skills in automotive repairs and maintenance tasks before being deployed within the Isuzu network.
Ministry of Education State Department for Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions (TVET) Principal Secretary Esther Muoria urged TVET to forge gainful partnerships with industry players.
“It is such partnerships that will help identify market gaps that TVET institutions should fill through competent training to meet the market demand,” Muoria said.
“This is mainly because priorities have since shifted from just
educating and training to giving skills to the youth,” she added.
The collaboration will empower KCNP students to carry out in-depth, hands-on research and garner insights into the intricacies of technologically advanced vehicles. Students will study a wide range of parts, technology, and systems, including fuel systems, engines,
ignition systems, vehicle chassis, and body engineering, and much more.
“Through this partnership, tomorrow’s innovators will be empowered with first-hand knowledge in automotive systems. This will also enhance the future of their employability to make them industry-ready for Isuzu or the market,” Isuzu EA Managing Director Rita Kavashe said.
Castrol Kanya and RUBiS Energy Kenya have partnered to launch Castrol oil lubricants products in Kenya. The oils are currently available at the over 260 RUBiS Energy Kenya stations countrywide.
Speaking during the launch of the partnership, Ed Savage, Castrol Kenya – Country Manager said, “The partnership with RUBiS Energy Kenya is timely as customers seek oil products that are designed to suit their everyday mechanical needs. Castrol will leverage RUBiS Energy Kenya’s countrywide footprint to ensure that customers are able to get the oil lubricants at all service stations countrywide.”
“Castrol also provides a ‘Car Engine Oil Finder tool’ to ensure customers are getting the right oil. The app makes it quick and easy for customers to have all options and make the right choice when it comes
to oil. This supplements the owner’s manual and dictates the industry specification, type, and grade of oil the manufacturer specifies for the engine,” he added.
“In our journey to provide our customers with the best quality products and experience, we are
strategically partnering with leading brands that are customer centric and offer quality products to our customers. Through our partnership with Castrol, customers will be able to access a wide range of premium quality lubricants,” said RUBiS Energy East Africa Group CEO and Managing Director for Rubis Energy Kenya, Mr. Jean-Christian Bergeron.
MediaTek has introduced Dimensity Auto, its next generation automotive platform designed to provide automakers with a wide variety of cutting-edge technologies needed for the future of intelligent, always-connected vehicles. As part of this platform, MediaTek Dimensity Auto offers a comprehensive portfolio that includes Dimensity Auto Cockpit, Dimensity Auto Connect, Dimensity Auto Drive, and Dimensity Auto Components.
Building off of MediaTek’s worldleading premier mobile chipset brand, Dimensity Auto represents the company’s industry-leading expertise in performance, power efficiency and SoC integration. The automotive platform benefits from MediaTek’s extensive cross-platform, industryleading technologies to provide
AI, extensive feature integration, innate energy efficiency, all while
Autochek, the automotive technology company making car ownership more accessible and affordable across Africa, has announced the acquisition of a majority stake in AutoTager, an Egyptian automotive technology company that makes
it easier to find and buy cars, to deepen its presence in North Africa and support the company’s ongoing growth.
AutoTager is a venture backed startup that is removing the friction from the car buying and selling process in Egypt, enabling
easier access to vetted vehicles and financing for consumers, and connecting dealers with serious buyers and technology solutions to improve their operations. The company was founded in 2021 by Amr Rezk, a serial entrepreneur that has founded and co-founded multiple successful companies, including Fundseer, a leading private equity GP/LP coordination platform. Amr has deep experience operating in and investing in various geographies across Africa and the Middle East, with a track record of building and sustaining high growth enterprises. Prior to becoming an entrepreneur, Amr worked with several large institutions including Goldman Sachs, EFG-Hermes and the Qatar Investment Authority where he led the Private Equity and Venture Capital Funds Investments Team. He has an academic background as an economist and holds an MBA from Harvard Business School.
WesBank, one of South Africa’s biggest banks, says the transition to New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) will go beyond replacing internal combustion engines (ICE) with new technologies but will also be crucial to reaching the global goal of carbon neutrality by 2050.
WesBank, RMB and FNB, all divisions of FirstRand, hosted a thought leadership roundtable with industry experts and key government policymakers to address the key challenges facing the transition to NEVs. Although he did not attend the conference, Minister of Trade, Industry, and Competition Ebrahim Patel announced that his department will finalise its EV strategy for the country by the end of the current financial year, which ends in March 2024.
“RMB encourages public-private
collaboration to enable the transition to NEVs and, in so doing, to positively impact on the future of South Africa’s automotive industry,” said Nana Phiri, Head of Corporate Client Segment RMB.
“We are encouraged by the government’s willingness to promulgate regulation and create a framework within which our domestic, export-led automotive sector can secure investment and ensure the continued viability of the
automotive sector in South Africa.”
WesBank CEO Ghana Msibi said that the company acknowledged that the shift towards decarbonisation was not solely linked to vehicle finance or finance in general.
“RMB is committed to funding sustainable projects that will fuel the NEV supply chain and enable reliable and efficient national infrastructure to support South Africa’s NEV footprint.”Image courtesy for illustration purpose Autochek acquires a majority stake in Egypt’s AutoTager |image: courtesy
Martin Hendriksen, VP Sales & Business Development – Africa, Middle East, India, Australia at Nexus Automotive International and head of the IAMaga regional structure
Nexus Automotive International is offering new approaches and new ideas for a connected, global and consolidated world of tomorrow to secure the success of car and heavy duty spare parts distributors and manufacturers by connecting and accelerating growth for both. Africa Automotive conducted an interview with Martin Hendriksen, Vice President Sales & Business Development – Africa, Middle East, India, Australia at Nexus Automotive International and head of the IAMaga regional structure, and here is what DR!VEs their automotive aftermarket progressive approach.
AA: Give us a brief introduction about Nexus Automotive International
MH: Nexus Automotive International is the largest global automotive aftermarket trade group. We act as an intermediary between the makers and buyers of vehicle parts. Operating in 140 countries around the world, the Nexus community consists of more than 160 member distributors and 90 global suppliers. Our supplier partners include all the major actors in the aftermarket. The consolidated turnover of our members globally is almost €40 billion and we count on more regional leaders to join our community. The intermediation role involves the provision of many supporting services, from training to garage network services and connecting events.
Since its creation, Nexus has a strong presence in Africa and the company’s growth across the African continent is largely driven by IAMaga, a dedicated entity inside Nexus. More extra tailor-made services are being developed and deployed in support of the automotive aftermarket business in Africa. This year we aim to bring new opportunities to connect our community in Africa
and also continue deploying Nexus initiatives across the region.
AA: What are your main areas of automotive aftermarket expertise, and how long have you been serving Africa?
MH: Nexus is active in the aftermarket business in one way or another, from the factory that makes the aftermarket parts, all the way to the owner/driver/ repairer of a road unworthy vehicle due to damaged or worn out part. Mostly our work is connecting, supporting and developing the business between Nexus members and the manufacturers of automotive replacement parts. Usually the activity of a global manufacturing group is not visible to the end customer – a car driver, but ultimately a credible and wellcoordinated supply chain (manufacturer-distributorgarage) ensures providing high quality products at the best available price to the market and undoubtedly keeping the vehicle in good shape, extending its life span and guarantees safe driving.
Another Nexus key role is to anticipate the future trends within the automotive aftermarket industry and promoting innovation in order to help our members to adapt to the new dynamics and diversify their activities accordingly.
Africa has been part of our activity from the start –Nexus will celebrate its 10th anniversary next year!
AA: How is Nexus shaping the future of Africa’s automotive aftermarket?
MH: Under the umbrella of IAMaga, a dedicated entity representing African members of Nexus Automotive
International. IAMaga deploys the full spectrum of Nexus services in Africa to take our members to the next level. Our vision includes offering tailor-made solutions, blended with a broad range of services that are beneficial to our community, assuring a fast track to the future. We will be an inspiration and industry leader aiming to accelerate business within the IAMaga community. IAMaga is committed to accelerate growth in the African Automotive Aftermarket by promoting, developing, accelerating and adapting central services of Nexus in the African context by:
• Expanding the garage network and support services deployment (N! Auto / N! Truck / WOP).
• Coordinating training deployment.
• Support transactional activities.
• Market data support.
• Supporting, promoting and developing African innovation and sustainability projects.
• Extending communication initiatives.
IAMaga is also responsible in driving local business growth by means of events and networking.
AA: What values do you uphold in your solution and service delivery?
MH: IAMaga is a solution driven entity with a can do attitude and also committed in the spirit of teamwork, working closely with its community members in aligning Africa’s automotive aftermarket upholding their core values of consistency, trustworthiness, accountability and transparency throughout their solution and service delivery.
AA: What aftermarket challenges do you encounter and what’s Nexus approach?
MH: The automotive aftermarket industry in Africa is currently facing major challenges that are driven by trends in digitization, electrification, consolidation, mobility, sustainability and skill shortage. However, IAMaga envision these aftermarket challenges as future opportunities! The group has strategies in place to take advantage of these opportunities in building the future of African automotive aftermarket. From
digital tools to connecting the various communities to assessment services related to sustainability improvement to bringing forth world class services to its community.
AA: How is Nexus contributing in accelerating growth for the aftermarket distributor’s progression?
MH: Everything we do is focused on driving growth in our community; it is the core of our activity and what we do best!
AA: How do you work with the automotive aftermarket players in Africa?
MH: We have around 100 contracted member companies who are active in the aftermarket and are also connected to a select group of contracted suppliers. IAMaga deploys the services that builds the business between these two groups.
AA: What training programs does IAMaga offer and do you provide certification for these trainings?
MH: IAMaga has access to a huge amount of training material via the Nexus Academy. This material is deployed online and in person by our global team of “train the trainers”. In Africa, IAMaga will adapt the Nexus offer and tailor make packages for the region. In addition, IAMaga will run a “Training Truck” program in Major cities. This will place trainers with demo material, expertise and AV support in front of mechanics in their place of work.
AA: What do you believe to have been Nexus biggest success over the years?
MH: I would say the building of a community representing nearly €40 billion of consolidated aftermarket turnover. Our challenge is to build that success with IAMaga in Africa to expand to the N! leading role on the market.
AA: What direction do you see Nexus taking in the next ten years, if you had to guess?
MH: We will continue to lead the automotive aftermarket by following our tried and tested recipe!
“
Everything we do is focused on driving growth in our community; it is the core of our activity and what we do best!
~ Martin HendriksenIAMaga presentation at Nexus Business Forum 2023 | image: IAMaga
Your engine has the heaviest workload in your vehicle, so you need to keep it lubricated and protected. That's why a lot of effort goes into making motor oils with all the right additives to protect your engine, keep it running smoothly and help extend its life. These additives are designed to meet a range of specific applications, such as gasoline and diesel engines, and they can help improve fuel economy, extend the life of your engine and more.
The additive package typically accounts for 15% to 25% of the total volume of the oil. The remaining percentage is base oil. Typical oil additives include detergents, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, anti-wear agents and antioxidants that slow the rate of oxidation in the engine to prevent rust and corrosion. They are used in various amounts depending on the vehicle and engine requirements. They can be applied to the cylinder walls, piston rings and lifters to reduce wear.
Oil additives work by enhancing the lubrication, viscosity and performance of the oil. They are added to the motor oil at the manufacturer's request. They can make the oil flow better and more effectively by increasing its thickness. The thickness of the oil is important because it allows it to coat all the moving parts in the engine and prevents friction between them. If the oil has poor lubrication, the engine may run rough or idle. This is often a sign of sludge build-up, and adding an oil additive can remove this problem. Additives are also added to increase the oil's ability to flow, which helps protect engine components and keeps them clean. This can be helpful especially for older vehicles and those with high mileage.
The best engine oil for older vehicles contains anti-wear additives and corrosion inhibitors that slow the rate of oxidation in the engine to prevent rust and corrosion. This also helps keep your engine clean to reduce wear from deposits in your oil, allowing your engine to run more efficiently and reliably.
Anti-wear additives: They are used to provide a layer of protection to metal engine parts, such as cam lobes, lifter bodies and lifter bores. They include zinc diakyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), phosphorus compounds, and molybdenum, which help to decrease friction between parts.
ZDDP: Zinc diakyl-dithiophosphate is an important component of many anti-wear additives because it provides lubrication to the parts that need it. However, it can shorten the life of your catalytic converter when it is present in exhaust gas.
Viscosity modifiers: Your engine oil needs a certain viscosity to flow properly and transfer heat effectively between key components. If the viscosity of your oil is too thick for normal operation, it can fail to fill the gap between crank journals and main bearings, causing bearing wear, and impair circulation in your engine. This can lead to poor fuel economy, as the oil can't transfer heat to critical components, and it may even increase internal friction.
Viscosity modifiers: Also called viscosity index improvers (VIIs), are an essential engine oil additive because they stabilize the viscosity of your oil to ensure it flows
properly at all temperatures, from cold to hot. Almost all modern engine oils contain VIIs, so it's important to choose a quality motor oil that includes this additive.
Detergents: Most high-quality motor oils today come with a detergent to remove water, dirt and other particles from your oil. Those detergents are also effective at removing sludge, helping to maintain a clean engine and prolong its service life.
Anti-oxidants: Most high-quality motor oils are loaded with antioxidants to help prevent rust and corrosion by neutralizing acids in your oil and preventing the chemical breakdown that leads to corrosive effects on your engine. Antioxidants also help to increase the performance of your engine by protecting it from damaging acidic emissions and reducing harmful particulates that cause engine damage.
Corrosion Inhibitors: Typically made with barium sulfonate and calcium, corrosion and rust inhibitors are designed to protect metal engine parts from the damaging effects of moisture. They also help to prevent a buildup of contaminants and sludge in your motor oil, so they can make sure your engine has the maximum protection it needs.
You can find engine oil additives in most aftermarket stores or service centers. They are usually in the form of brightly colored bottles, and they come with different claims about how they will benefit your vehicle. Some claim to extend the oil's life and reduce engine smoking. Others claim to help improve fuel economy.
Seeking professional explanation on how oil additive can add protection, lower your fuel spend and reduce your vehicles’ emissions, James Mutisya, Lubricants & Technical Training Manager at Rubis Energy Kenya has this to say, “Friction is the enemy of engine performance and fuel economy. Engine friction occurs on camshaft bearings, friction on piston liner interfaces, viscous oil drag in oil pump, especially during startup and crankshaft main bearing and connecting rod bearings friction. Collectively, these friction hotspots waste
up to 10% of engine performance and increase fuel consumption. With the right additives added to a lubricant, these performance limitations are reduced significantly, thus improving fuel economy. Advanced low viscosity synthetic oils are formulated with extra strong additives that ensure the oils maintain an effective lubrication film even as the engine temperatures and pressures increase. These oils move quickly around the engine, minimizing engine friction. Castrol EDGE with Fluid TITANIUM additive technology physically transforms the oil structure – becoming stiffer at points of extreme pressure, to keep metals apart and performance robbing friction by 20%, allowing drivers to unlock true engine performance.”
James further elaborates affirmatively that, “With the extra strong, ultra-thin oils circulating very fast within the engine, the engine remains quite clean and performs efficiently, ensuring effective combustion of fuel-air mixture in the engine. In that way, cases of incomplete combustion, which leads to fuel loss are minimized and in the same way, reducing emissions to the environment. Embracing the low saps (low Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus and Sulphur) additive technology, that qualifies oils to attain ACEA ‘C’ rating. Oils with this rating do not affect emission control gadgets i.e., the Three-Way Catalysts and Diesel Particulate Filters fitted on vehicles. Low saps oils are also long drain interval oils. This means less used oil is generated hence reducing possibilities of environmental pollution.”
Probably, as a vehicle owner, either for private or commercial use, you are using an oil additive for your valuable assets’ engine. However, is the additive compatible with your vehicle’s engine oil? Is your vehicle receiving the best engine protection it deserves? Are you saving on your fuel spending even in the current high fuel prices? Is your vehicle low on emissions? It is clear that, when choosing an oil additive, choose one that will not interfere with your existing motor oil. This is because the two oils have different properties and can affect each other, and potentially damaging your engine. It is a good idea to have your engine oil analyzed before using an oil additive. This will allow you to know if your engine is suffering from a lubrication issue, or if it is just in need of that additional maintenance.
Friction is the enemy of engine performance and fuel economy. With the right additives added to a lubricant, these performance limitations are reduced significantly.
The African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank), in collaboration with the African Union and the AfCFTA Secretariat, brings you the 3rd Intra-African Trade Fair (IATF2023), to be hosted by the Government of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire in Abidjan .
The fair will provide a unique and valuable platform for businesses to access an integrated African market of over 1.3 billion people with a GDP of over US$3.5 trillion created under the African Continental Free Trade Area.
The LATIN TYRE & AUTO PARTS EXPO are the most important tire and auto part shows in Latin America and the place to be if you want to grow your business in Latin America and the Caribbean!
The upcoming edition will be in the all-new Panama Convention Center in Panama which features 59,000 m2 of
space. 450+ international exhibitors will be present, from tire manufacturers, tire service and repair companies, retreading, wheels, auto part manufacturers, auto service, tools and equipment, etc. Educational and training sessions with top industry leaders, networking events, and much more are included with your registration.
TheHUV model will be supplied with hydrogen by a central tank that will be completed by six removable capsules, guaranteeing a significant autonomy and facilitating the hydrogen recharge in a few minutes
Morocco has unveiled its first local made car, a protype of Hydrogen powered vehicle developed by a Moroccan in its initiative projects aimed at promoting its local manufacturing sectors through the “Made in Morocco” label .
The new car model was unveiled by King Mohammed VI in his royal palace in Rabat when he presided over the presentation ceremony.
The presentation to the King of the car of “Neo Motors”, a company owned by Moroccan capital, and of the prototype of a hydrogen vehicle of the company NamX, named HUV (Hydrogen Utility Vehicle) is in line with the country ideology
of encouraging and promoting the pioneering national entrepreneurial initiatives and the creative capacities, particularly of the Moroccan youths.
Besides, the iniative is in line with King Mohammed VI policy in relation to sustainable development and the promotion of renewable energy in green hydrogen sector.
Neo Motors company has set up an industrial unit in Ain Aouda (Rabat-Salé-Kenitra Region), to manufacture motor vehicles for the local market and for export, with a projected annual capacity of 27,000 units and a local integration rate of 65%.
The total projected investment for this project amounts to 156 million Dirhams equivalent to Ksh 2.12 Billion and earmarked to create 580 jobs .
The final approval of the first vehicle was issued by the National Agency for Road Safety in February 2023.
As for the prototype of the hydrogen vehicle of NamX, it was designed in collaboration with the Italian design office and coachbuilder of reference Pininfarina.
The interior design of the vehicle has been realized by Moroccan talents.
The HUV model will be supplied with hydrogen by a central tank that will be completed by six removable capsules, guaranteeing a significant autonomy and facilitating the hydrogen recharge in a few minutes.
Morocco is currently the largest car manufacturer in Africa. Over the first three months of 2023, exports from Morocco’s automotive industry reached X (MAD 33.9 billion) equivalent to Ksh 440.7 Billion, marking an impressive 44% annual increase.
Automotive Electronics are the electronic systems that are used in vehicles to perform various functions like telematics, infotainment and driving assistance system. This includes electronic control units, sensors & small electric motors, radar, LIDAR and camera modules, displays as well as wire harness systems.
Automotive electronic systems are becoming increasingly vital in the global auto industry, as they help improve safety and convenience. The market is a fast growing sector that offers advanced electronic components that are used in the design and manufacturing of automobiles. They are also used in making the vehicle eco-friendly and energy-efficient. The automotive electronics market is expected to grow
significantly. This is attributed to increased demand for advanced driver-assistance systems and connectivity in the global automobile sector.
The key drivers for this growth include the increasing number of vehicle production, technological advancements, increased consumer preferences and strict government regulations. In addition, the automotive electronics industry is experiencing a resurgence of interest from consumers who are seeking new and innovative technology to enhance their vehicle experience. This has resulted in the development of high-tech automotive systems that enable automakers to develop more efficient and safe vehicles.
A typical automobile has dozens of computer controlled electronic systems. These systems range from air
conditioning to engine management to powertrain & braking control. These systems use microprocessors, sensors & controllers for various operations. They are highly integrated to work together to control all the systems in a vehicle.
ADAS Sensors, these sensors are an important part of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and offer a variety of functionalities to enhance safety in a vehicle. They are able to detect dangerous objects in the road and provide warnings to drivers about the situation. Besides, they are capable of performing complicated tasks that can help in automating driving operations and providing improved comfort and convenience to users. Microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS, are increasingly being employed in automotive safety applications to replace conventional sensors and increase their performance and efficiency. These devices are often small in size and cost, enabling designers to implement more complex control solutions. The growth of this segment is due to the increasing adoption of ADAS and other safety features in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. It is also driven by government regulations related to fuel economy and safety.
In addition, the global automotive electronics market is expected to see growth owing to an increase in the demand for connected car technologies. These technologies enable car owners to connect with other motorists and receive real-time information on their vehicle’s status.
Also, the growing adoption of battery-powered and hybrid vehicles are a key factor in the growth of this market. These technologies are enabling car manufacturers to design safer and more energy-efficient vehicles that can travel further on a single charge. Farther, the global automotive electronics industry is facing various challenges such as rising costs and limited resources. These issues are causing car makers to look for cost-effective and reliable electronics solutions. This is a concern due to the fact that these products are often exposed to harsh driving conditions such as extreme weather and vibrations.
There are many different types of electronic sensors that are used in a vehicle to monitor the various parameters such as pressure, temperature, oxygen levels and more. These are then sent to a central electronic control unit (ECU) to be processed and controlled.
The ECU has its own logic circuits that are responsible for controlling the actuators such as throttle valves, fuel injectors and other components in the engine. These are controlled through a variety of signals from the sensor network. This makes the car more responsive and gives it a higher performance level. Moreover, it helps in saving on the cost of mechanical parts and reduces maintenance as well as repair costs.
Another important function of the ECU is to provide a communication link between the chassis system and the transmission system for the efficient functioning of the vehicle. This is done through an interface called CAN bus. There are many other communication interfaces that are used to connect the various systems in a vehicle. These include V2V & V2I communications, which notify the driver or autonomous vehicle about potential collisions with other vehicles or infrastructure. This also helps in enhancing traffic flow.
Electrical circuits in automobiles are prone to over voltages and over currents that can damage the electronics. This is why circuit protection technology is an integral part of any automotive design. In the last few years, circuit protection technology has improved significantly to protect automotive designs from the increasing electrical threats that are caused by the use of microprocessors in the motor control, lighting, battery management and other systems. This is why circuit protection products such as fuses and switches are now being installed in more applications to prevent failures that could lead to personal injury, or worse. The market is also fueled by the rising demand for advanced safety features in vehicles such as lane departure warnings and blind-spot monitoring. This trend is expected to continue in the future, as drivers are increasingly focusing on vehicle safety and comfort while on the road.
By Dorcas Kang'ereha
Automotive Suspensions are the parts that connect your wheels to your vehicle’s chassis, and they work together to protect your car from shocks. Suspension systems are critical to the safety and performance of your vehicle. They provide your wheels with the stability and support they need to drive smoothly over rough roads. A suspension is also an important part of your car’s braking, handling and traction control systems.
The system is made up of the tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers, and linkages that connect the vehicle to its wheels. It is designed to smooth out your ride and keep you on the road safely, but it can also lead to serious accidents if it isn't working properly.
It is important for a car technician or a car owner to understand the basics of automotive suspension. For example, knowing the types of suspension setups and their maintenance requirements can help you decide when it's time to update your current system.
There are a number of different types of car suspensions, each with its own unique functions and strengths. Understanding the different types of car suspensions can help you identify issues with your vehicle’s suspension, and make the necessary repairs.
Independent
The independent suspension system is a step up from the dependant system. Unlike the dependant type, this kind of suspension provides each wheel with its own springs and shock absorbers without the need for an axle connecting it to the other wheel. This means that a road dent only affects one wheel, and not the other.
A multi-link type rear independent suspension on an AWD car. The anti-roll bar has some yellow paint on it. Image: Wikipedia
Car hoist driveshaft
Strut suspension
The rigid axle suspension is the most basic type of suspension. It is fitted with a rear wheel that is connected to a single axle and usually features leaf springs.
Shock absorbers (also known as dampers) convert the kinetic energy stored in the springs into heat energy that is dissipated. The absorbed kinetic energy helps to improve the ride quality of the vehicle. Most shock absorbers have two sections: the outer tube, which is connected to the vehicle's frame; and the reserve tube, which is bolted to the axle, or structure that carries the suspension system. The outer tube contains a piston that looks like a plunger. The piston moves downward into a reservoir filled with hydraulic fluid as the spring compresses. The damper then releases the spring's energy in a controlled way, dissipating the spring's pressure and preventing the car from bouncing. The force the damper produces depends on how fast the spring is compressed or elongated, and the compression limit is the distance that the suspension can be compressed without producing an uncontrolled bounce.
These are a key part of the suspension, as they help to keep your vehicle safe and smooth, as well as to reduce wear on tires and other parts. It is important that your shock absorbers are not damaged, or you may risk a serious crash.
The trailing arm suspension is a common design for rear-wheel drive cars and can be found on some motorcycles. This type of suspension consists of a steel arm that is pivoted to the car’s chassis and is joined to a damper.
A coil-spring suspension uses a coil spring to support the body of the vehicle and the tires. They come in either linear or progressive rate designs, depending on the coil spacing and the spring wire diameter. Linear rate springs typically have evenly spaced coils and are more commonly used in cars. A progressive rate spring is one that has more coils closer together than the ones on a linear-rate design.
The MacPherson strut was designed by Earle S. McPherson, and it is the most common type of independent suspension used in modern cars. This design is a step up from the double-wishbone suspension, but it is more complicated to manufacture and requires higher strut mounts.
The torsion bar is another popular type of suspension
design. Its twisting properties provide coil-spring-like performance. These bars are attached to the frame of a vehicle and attach to a wishbone, which acts as a lever that transfers vertical motion from the wheels to the torsion bar.
The anti-roll bar, also known as an anti-sway bar, is a metal bar that connects the left and right side of your vehicle’s suspension. A sway bar is another key element of your vehicle’s suspension. They highly contribute in giving your vehicle extra stability when it is moving at high speeds and at the same time preventing the car from rolling off while taking a turn, hence they are very important for the safety of you and other passengers.
A good example of a popular suspension system is the Ford Model T, which was built to handle rough roads. The front suspension on the Model T incorporated a wishbone-shaped radius rod with a ball attached to it. This was replaced with a split wishbone design after World War II. It lowered the front axle about an inch and improved handling.
Failure of one or more vital suspension components will alter your vehicles handling and may accelerate wear on other suspension parts. Regular checks and maintenance will save you costly repairs. Taking proper care of your suspension system will guaranty safety and the best possible handling performance for your vehicle; this is according to Brian Gow, Workshop Manager at Romageco Kenya Ltd.
“Worn suspension components will have an adverse effect on vehicle stability which compromises safety and driver control. Replacing worn parts will help maintain correct vehicle ride height and wheel alignment. It will also reduce the effect of shock forces when driving on or off road, support vehicle weight (whether laden or unladen), keep the wheels in contact with the road and ultimately control the vehicle's direction of travel." adds Brian.
“It is a well-known fact that, automotive vehicle tires only last for a certain period and/or kilometers of the vehicle’s life and they are very expensive to replace,” says Jan van Niekerk - Operational Director at PSB – Problem Solving Bushings. “One of the highest determining factors to the unnecessary deterioration of tires is that of warn or damaged suspension parts and rubbers,” utters Jan.
“Over the past few years as everything in the automotive industry evolved and it is needless to say, so did all vehicles’ suspensions. Suspensions are becoming more sophisticated for several reasons
such as safety, the ride comfort, as well as specific applications in the off-road terrain markets. Most vehicles are designed and manufactured to operate in perfect smooth tar road conditions. Unfortunately, these perfect road conditions are few and far between in our lives. We live with badly maintained roads in many places with damage to the road surfaces and even potholes, then there is also traveling long distances on gravel roads,” he adds.
Jan van Niekerk further points out the factors that contribute to warn or damaged automotive suspension and or rubbers is (not exclusive to)
a. Time (General wear and tear).
b. Potholes.
c. Gravel Roads.
d. Overloading.
e. Traffic calming devices on roads (speed humps).
f. Hazards on the roads such as lost loads and parts falling from vehicles onto the road surfaces.
“All this causing an uncomfortable ride experience, tire wear and the unwanted unsafe driving conditions of the vehicle. As there is no prescribed maintenance specification in general for automotive suspensions, it is normally a “fix when broken” mentality,” Jan perceived.
“We would strongly advise that you ask for a suspension check whenever you do you vehicles scheduled maintenance and/or wheel alignment checks. Most manufacturers require regular wheel alignment and balancing check for the warrantee purposes, this is normally in the region of every 10 000 – 20 000 kilometers driven or annually. Here they will check and replace warn suspension parts and rubber suspension parts. Polyurethane replacement parts are recommended as it has a much longer life span as opposed to that of the rubber replacement. There is also no disadvantage replacing with polyurethane suspension bushings,” concludes Jan.
Martin Hendriksen, VP Sales & Business Development –
Africa, Middle East, India, Australia at Nexus Automotive International and head of the IAMaga regional structure is assertive to the following suggestions being fundamental in the provision of the correct maintenance for automotive suspension:
1. Immediate access by the driver / owner / technician to the correct (OE quality, non-counterfeit) part at the right price
2. A properly skilled and trained technician to perform the diagnosis and repair
3. Adequate facilities at which to undertake the task
“It is necessary to mention that some procedures connected with suspension repair are highly dependent on special tools and manuals that are commonly available only for certified garages. If such repairs are done not properly it may lead to the risk of road accident and possible risk for life. So, it definitely makes sense to delegate suspension issues to the real professionals with proper skills and tools,” Martin emphasizes.
In answer to the above requirements, IAMaga, a dedicated entity inside Nexus Automotive International, offers the following to aftermarket actors in Africa:
a) Access to the Nexus training academy
b) Supply from nearly 100 of the most credible global aftermarket manufacturers
c) The biggest regional support network
d) Connection to major garage networks
e) Improved commercial conditions when buying from Nexus contracted suppliers.
Łukasz Skowronek Brand Manager Quaro-Parts.com also affirms that automotive suspension systems are responsible for ensuring a comfortable and safe ride for drivers and passengers. Regular maintenance of the suspension system can help prevent wear and tear and prolong the life of your vehicle. Łukasz supplementary goes on and elaborates on some of maintenance requirements for automotive suspension:
1. Regular inspections: A visual inspection of the suspension system should be performed regularly. Look for any signs of wear, damage, leaks and cracks. Check the shocks, and springs for signs of damage or wear. Very important is good conditions with rubber in suspension elements. Rubber absorbs every shakes from the road.
Justin Stone, a Product Specialist at Grandmark is in agreement with the regular suspension inspection “Inspect the suspension system periodically to ensure that all components are in good condition. Look for signs of wear, damage, or corrosion on the shocks, struts, springs, control arms, ball joints, and other parts.”
2. Wheel alignment: “Check the wheel alignment regularly to ensure that the wheels are properly aligned. Misaligned wheels can cause uneven tire wear, handling problems, and other issues,” says Justin.
On the same note Łukasz insists on regular wheel alignment as it can help prevent uneven tire wear and ensure that the suspension system is functioning correctly. “If you notice that your vehicle is pulling to one side or the other, it may be time for a wheel alignment,” he adds.
3. Tire balance: Tire balance is critical to maintaining a smooth ride and preventing uneven tire wear. If you notice vibration or shaking while driving, it may be time to have your tires balanced.
4. Shock absorbers: According to Łukasz, shock absorbers are critical components of the suspension system. They help absorb shocks and vibrations, providing a smoother ride. If you notice excessive bouncing or bouncing after hitting bumps, it may be time to replace your shock absorbers or struts. Very important, ensure there are no leaks.
“Replace worn or damaged shock absorbers and struts. These components play a vital role in the suspension system, and worn or damaged units can cause handling problems and reduce stability,” adds Justin.
5. Springs: “Check the springs for damage or wear. Broken or worn springs can cause the vehicle to sag, which can affect handling and stability,” advises Justin.
“Springs help support the weight of the vehicle and absorb shocks. If you notice that your vehicle is sagging or bottoming out, it may be time to replace your springs. Springs are exposed for cracks,” enhances Łukasz.
6. Control arms, Bushings and ball joints: Łukasz is keen on bushings and ball joints as they help connect the suspension components and allow swift movement. If these components are worn or damaged, they can cause handling issues and reduce ride comfort.
As Justin Counsels, “Check the control arms and ball joints for wear or damage. Worn or damaged components can affect steering, handling, and stability. Check the bushings for wear or damage. Worn or damaged bushings can cause handling problems and reduce stability.”
Additionally, Justin endorses the following suspension maintenance recommendations;
• Tire pressure: Keep the tires properly inflated to the recommended pressure. Underinflated tires can affect the handling and stability of the vehicle.
• Lubrication: Lubricate the suspension system components periodically to prevent rust and corrosion.
• Driving habits: Drive carefully and avoid rough roads or harsh driving conditions. Aggressive driving can cause excessive wear and tear on the suspension system.
• Service manual: Refer to the service manual for specific maintenance requirements for your vehicle's suspension system. The manual will provide information on when to inspect and replace various components.
There are many different types of suspension systems, and each is designed for a specific purpose. Some popular options include; computer active technology (CATS), which co-ordinates the best possible balance between ride quality and handling; and air suspension, which replaces traditional steel, coil springs with air. In addition to the mentioned suspensions types and their maintenance recommendations, they are also made up of a variety of other parts, such as rods/linkages and bearings. These parts work in union to provide additional support to the suspension systems and prevent them from breaking or wearing down.
However, if you notice any signs of wear or damage to your suspension, it is best to have them repaired as soon as possible to prevent further complications or fatal accidents. Contact a professional mechanic near you for repair or upgrade of your suspension system or parts.
Automotive suspension plays a key role in any vehicle’s efficient and smooth functioning. Different types of suspension architecture include MacPherson strut, torsion beam, double wishbone, multilink, leaf spring, and air suspension. The selection of each architecture varies in a vehicle depending upon factors such as ride control requirement, space availability, the vehicle segment, and the suspension system’s cost. Though most passenger cars use a torsion beam in the rear to increase the boot space, the MacPherson strut dominates the front wheels. In contrast, SUVs and Luxury vehicles use multilink suspension systems to provide more comfort to the passengers. Commercial vehicles in developing countries such as China, India, Mexico, and Brazil primarily use leaf spring suspensions. Commercial vehicles in more developed western countries such as the US, Germany, and the UK use air suspension systems in their suspension modules.
Automotive OEMs are investing in R&D to introduce innovative suspension systems to enhance ride comfort. For example, in August 2020, ZF Friedrichshafen designed an air suspension with ECAS technology to address issues such as higher fuel consumption, decreased rider comfort, and compromised passenger safety and vehicular instability. The market for suspension systems is mainly driven by the increasing demand for luxury vehicles, especially passenger cars, and the increasing preference of buyers for a comfortable ride and smooth operation of the vehicle. Asia Pacific is expected to be the leading market for suspension systems, owing to the increasing vehicle production in countries such as China, Japan, and India.
Increased demand for SUVs & luxury passenger cars would drive the demand for advanced suspension systems.
The adoption of independent suspensions has increased over the years owing to their various advantages. According to MarketsandMarkets analysis, the market for independent suspensions such as MacPherson strut, double wishbone, and multilink is expected to grow at 1.3%, 1.4%, and 2.5%, respectively, in terms of value, during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to independent suspensions offering more stability to vehicles. An independent suspension type’s weight is less, making it a preferred choice for heavy vehicles. Passenger cars generally employ an independent suspension at the front and a dependent suspension at the rear wheel. Hence, both independent and dependent suspensions are required. MacPherson strut is one of compact passenger cars’ most preferred front independent suspensions. Low manufacturing costs and better stability are attributed to the growth of the MacPherson suspension system.
A double-wishbone is another independent suspension type, providing superior comfort, dynamics, and road holding. However, as the production cost of the double wishbone is higher, it is generally used in premium models, such as Alfa Romeo, Toyota Tundra, MG Rover TF, Honda Accord, and Aston Martin DB7. The double wishbone suspension is also employed in highperformance racing cars owing to its design complexity and increased number of parts, such as joints and bearings. However, with technological advancements, mid-high segment vehicles such as Toyota Camry, Fortuner, and Honda Accord have opted for the double wishbone. According to MarketsandMarkets analysis, the growth rate of the air suspension market is expected to be 4.2% during the forecast period.
The demand for SUVs has also increased in the past few years globally. The SUV & sub-compact SUV market has witnessed considerable growth in countries such as the US, China, India, and Mexico, owing to the vehicles’
low cost, compact size, advanced designs, better ride comfort, and better maneuverability. This has increased the adoption of multilink suspensions in these vehicles. The decreasing cost of multilink suspension and ease of adjustment has increased the adoption of multilink suspension in the rear axle in mid to high-segment cars, as these segment customers demand higher ride comfort. Mahindra Scorpio, Volkswagen Tiguan, and Kia Sportage are some of the common SUVs equipped with multilink suspensions. Globally, the multilink suspension volume market is expected to grow at 2.7% over the forecast period.
Air suspension replaces a conventional steel spring suspension in heavier vehicle applications, like trucks, tractor-trailers, and passenger buses, thus reducing overall vehicle weight and subsequent CO2 emission.
Earlier, the leaf spring suspension was used in heavy commercial vehicles. The low manufacturing cost and the ability to distribute the load over a wider area made leaf springs a preferred choice for heavy trucks and buses. However, semi-active and active suspensions have been developed due to technological advancements allowing the air suspension system to enter the market. Adopting the air suspension system is higher in buses as comfort and ride control are primary requirements in buses. Hence, the demand for air suspension in luxury buses has risen significantly.
Currently, air suspension is no longer a premium feature. Still, it has become a standard feature, especially in developed regions such as Europe and North America, as customers prefer comfort and can pay higher prices for the products. Companies that provide air suspension systems in their truck and bus models include Volvo (9400 B8R, FM series), Daimler AG (Actros L, Tourismo, and Citaro series), Scania (City Bus 4×2, S-series), and ISUZU (LT 134PR BUS series). This feature is still in its introductory phase in Asia Pacific due to the region’s cost sensitivity toward products.
Bus air suspension systems have evolved in terms of technology, components, and other parameters. In the case of heavy-duty trucks, the demand for air suspension is growing, owing to the demand for efficient transportation of goods, increasing special applications of trucks, such as refrigerated trucks and containers carrying fragile and expensive goods. The increasing demand for HCVs also aids this growth due to the globally booming e-commerce sector. The global HCV production is expected to grow from ~0.8 million units in 2022 to 8.6 million units by 2027, according to MarketsandMarkets analysis.
As the air suspension system increases its penetration in HCVs, it will likely follow the growth of global HCV
vehicle production, as evidenced by the projections below.
The automotive suspension market supply chain includes suspension component manufacturers, system manufacturers, and OEMs. Component suppliers provide suspension components such as shock absorbers, springs, links, and control arms to tier-1 system manufacturers. The system integrator integrates a complete suspension system and offers it to various OEMs per specifications.
The growth of the automotive suspension market is directly proportional to the production of passenger vehicles. In line with growing luxury vehicles, the market for premium SUVs has risen significantly. According to MarketsandMarkets Analysis, of total premium cars produced globally, the share of premium SUVs stood at ~53% in 2016, which grew to ~68% in 2022. US, Canada, China, Japan, and South Korea lead the premium SUVs market, constituting more than 90% of total production globally. The factors attributing to the growth of premium SUVs over premium sedans are better and more powerful engine performance, and hence the demand for safety and comfort ha increased which has led to the installation of independent suspension systems in SUVs and luxury passenger cars.
On the other hand, the rising concerns about global warming and the federal and state governments’ support to reduce air pollution are driving the EV market. Electric vehicles will witness high penetration of MacPherson strut, double wishbone, and multilink suspension systems. High-end EV models such as Porsche Taycan and BMW i4 use air suspension in both front and rear axles. Mid-segment vehicles such as the Kia EV6 and Tata Nexon use MacPherson strut in front and torsion beam or multilink suspension in the rear. Thus, the semi-active and active systems are expected to register high growth rates of 2.9% and 5.4% during the forecast period. With the increased demand of semiactive and active systems, the adjacent markets such as sensors, ECUs and other electronic devices market are also growing. Hence, suspension manufacturers & Tier II suppliers have adopted various growth such as new product launches, mergers & acquisitions, supply contracts, partnerships, and others to diversify their global presence and increase their market share. The automotive suspension market is consolidated. ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Tenneco Inc., Continental AG, ThyssenKrupp AG, and KYB Corporation are the top players in the market, with a 60-70% share. These players are based in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.
An Automotive Battery is a part of your car that can help you start the engine. It’s a crucial component of any vehicle, and they come in many different designs and sizes. It is also a source of power for many electrical devices in your vehicle such as the radio, air conditioning, USB and auxiliary-connected devices and lights.
Batteries come in a variety of shapes and sizes to match the needs of different cars, though they all share similar inner workings. They all use a chemical solution called an electrolyte to convert chemicals into electric energy.
A battery has a series of lead and lead dioxide plates that are immersed in an electrolyte solution, which typically includes sulfuric acid to prevent sulfation (accumulation of sulfate on the plates). The electrolyte solution is kept at a low temperature so that it doesn't become too hot.
The battery's surface should be clean and free from dirt and grime, and a thin coating of high-temperature grease should be applied on the connections and posts to protect them from corrosion. Cables and terminals should be inspected on a regular basis for loose or breakage.
Whether your car has an electric motor or a gas engine, the battery will need to be tested and replaced regularly. This is due to the fact that a battery's life span and performance depends on its quality, which can vary among manufacturers.
Some batteries can last up to two decades, while others are much shorter-lived. You should always choose a quality battery with quality separators between the lead plates. The better a battery's separators are, the longer its lifespan will be.
These separators are made from durable materials that can withstand the rigors of your vehicle's engine. They are also designed to prevent the plates from bridging and shorting.
The most common car batteries are flooded lead acid, which are used in most standard cars and some small trucks and vans. They use a sulfuric acid electrolyte that requires periodic maintenance to keep it free of sulfate buildup.
They should be load-tested by a mechanic to determine their ability to hold voltage for long periods of time. The technician should also test the batteries for vibration and pressure differential.
Aside from these, you should also take note of the weight of the battery. This is important because it can affect the engine's capacity. If the weight is too heavy, it can cause the engine to overheat and slow down or even stop operating completely.
Vital essentials to consider
When choosing a car battery, the first thing you should consider is how long it will last. This is usually a function of how much the battery is being used in your vehicle. It's best to get a battery with a high amperehour (Ah) rating, as this is the amount of energy the battery can deliver over a period of time.
Michael Maina, Chief Operating Officer at Tyrex Kenya Enterprise Ltd, is certain on the following vital essentials to consider when buying a car battery. He recommends a buyer to be keen on the:-
• Amperes per hour on the battery AH. Eg.60ah
• Cold cracking Amps on the battery CCA Eg.700CCA
• Position of the positive terminal when terminals are away from your body looking at the battery, Defines left and Right battery L/R.
• For the New model cars start stop cars require special batteries called enhanced flooded battery (EFB)/ Absorbed Glass mat (AGM) For fuel economy.
Another factor is whether the battery has a load tester, which lets you know how much power it can handle at any given moment. You should have your battery loadtested by a mechanic once it's two years old, or four if you live in a cold climate.
Getting the wrong battery can shorten its lifespan and make your car less likely to run properly. So, make sure you get the right size and terminal location for your particular car and make a point of getting it from a trustworthy dealer or retailer.
It's also essential to understand how the battery works. Most auto batteries use lead-acid technology, which
means they contain alternating layers of lead plates that are immersed in a solution of sulfuric acid. The chemical reaction in the acid triggers a process that converts the lead and other materials into energy. This energy is then used to charge and discharge the car's battery.
This is done by the electrolyte, which is a mixture of about one-third sulfuric acid and two-thirds water. This electrolyte solution triggers a series of reactions that sends electric current through the car's starter system and cranks the engine. Once the engine is running, it sends some of this energy back to the battery through an alternator. The alternator turns mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is then used to power the other systems of the car.
There are three main types of batteries available today, and the type you choose depends on your individual needs. These include standard flooded or conventional, wet cell, and absorbed glass mat (AGM) batteries. Absorbent glass mat (AGM) batteries are becoming more common in most cars, and they're known for their durability and longer life. They're a bit more expensive than flooded and conventional batteries, but they offer increased battery capacity and are less susceptible to spillage and corrosion than other models.
These batteries also have a fiberglass mat separator to absorb the electrolyte, which eliminates acid stratification and helps prevent leaks. They're typically sealed and non-spillable, and they come with a warranty.
Gel cells are another popular choice for automotive batteries. They are a variation on flooded batteries, but calcium replaces antimony and silica is added to the electrolyte solution. This makes them more durable and resistant to vibrations and shock.
If you're shopping for a new battery, it's best to purchase from a high-volume seller with fresh stock. Look for a warranty that offers three or more years of full replacement coverage. This means that if your battery fails to meet the specifications of the manufacturer during that period, it will be replaced for free without having to pay a fraction of the original price. However, a good rule of thumb is to replace your battery every two or four years, depending on the car type, its use and the climate you live in.
Electric-powered cars are not on the road to a renewable and clean future. They are powered by lithium-ion batteries that will pose a real threat to the environment if continued to be manufactured at the rate of current gasoline-powered cars.
According to a Forbes report, various car brands such as Honda will phase out all gas cars by 2040, replacing them with electric ones. While the daily use of electric vehicles is proven to be greener than gasoline and fossil fuel combustion, it does not excuse the dangers of mass producing them.
Electric car batteries use lithium cobalt oxide to extract lithium ions which creates a charge. Creating these batteries involve mining for lithium, and according to UL Research Institutes, the open-pit mining technique releases dust which can contaminate the air and water, posing a health risk for humans and animals.
Mining itself causes soil erosion and disruption to the surrounding habitats. This, in addition to the toxic chemicals used to process lithium, becomes an extreme danger to many ecosystems. On a small scale, these issues seem relatively insignificant compared to the effects of fossil fuels; but considering the number of cars required to satisfy the human population, it wouldn’t take long before the risks begin to outnumber the benefits. According to the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, around 79.1 million motorbased vehicles were made in 2021 alone.
According to the National Academies Press (NAP), electric-powered vehicles will pose an economic threat as well. Manufacturing lithium-ion batteries are very costly, at around $125 per kilowatt hour, and
the average electric vehicle costs about $60,000. Not only is manufacturing electric cars expensive, but as car manufacturers progress towards electric-only production, it becomes inconvenient for buyers as well who cannot afford them. Living sustainably should not come at such a heavy cost for consumers.
Beyond the production of electric car batteries being dangerous, the disposal of them is as well. These batteries are extremely flammable, and when substances like these end up in regular landfill areas and are not stored properly, they can combust.
When lithium batteries are properly disposed of, they are considered E-Waste. E-Waste has become a global issue over the years, and the build-up poses major health risks for humans. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), E-Waste exposure has been proven to cause harmful birth defects as well as lung and DNA damage.
But if electric cars are actually unsustainable, and gas vehicles are out of the picture, what’s the solution? Although it wouldn’t be an immediate fix, funding and research need to go towards the development of nuclear-powered vehicles.
With the recent breakthrough discovery of nuclear fusion, new doors of opportunity are opening for a zero-carbon-emission power source. Fusion works by bonding two hydrogen atoms together to create a collision that generates energy. That energy has the potential to power vehicles, which would revolutionize the environmental technology industry.
According to a source from the Washington Post, nuclear fusion is very sustainable since it relies on
hydrogen atoms, which are the most abundant atom in the universe. In terms of the waste and disposal of a potential nuclear-powered battery, the fusion process does not create radioactive toxins, marking it a safe option.
The reality of creating an environmentally friendly vehicle is that there will never be one perfect solution. Nuclear fusion will take years to be ready for everyday human usage, but with the proper testing and research, it poses a significantly better alternative to gas and electricity-powered cars.
While electric vehicles are a huge step forward to reducing carbon footprints, it is just as important to acknowledge that they are not a permanent solution. Despite what the media advertises, electric cars are not the world’s next “big thing,” and will not lead to a completely green future.
Rather than contaminating the Earth with lithium mining and disposal, vehicle manufacturers and scientists should be focused on the further future, where cars are made to be truly sustainable.
By Mike Brennan
Car accidents can have a profound impact on an individual’s physical and mental wellbeing. Even seemingly minor accidents can result in significant emotional distress and trauma. In fact, research conducted by the National Institutes of Health has shown that more than 30% of individuals who survive car accidents develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As experienced car accident attorneys can attest, emotional distress is a common outcome of these types of incidents.
Given the potential for devastating consequences, it is crucial to take proactive measures to prevent car accidents from occurring in the first place. By implementing safe driving practices and adhering to traffic laws, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of being involved in a car accident. Additionally, maintaining one’s vehicle and ensuring that it is in good working condition can also help prevent accidents from happening.
It is important to remember that even minor car accidents can have long-lasting effects on an individual’s physical and mental health. Therefore, taking steps to avoid such incidents is essential for promoting overall well-being and preventing unnecessary suffering. By prioritizing safety and being mindful of one’s actions on the road, we can all work towards creating a safer and healthier community for ourselves and those around us. Additionally, seeking legal support from experienced car accident lawyers can help those who have been involved in accidents navigate the legal process, negotiate with insurance companies, and receive the compensation they deserve for their injuries and emotional distress.
Regular vehicle maintenance can help prevent accidents caused by mechanical failure. Many accidents occur due to worn-out brakes or faulty tires. Therefore, it is crucial to have your car inspected by a mechanic regularly. A mechanic can identify and repair any issues with your vehicle before they become a problem. Neglecting vehicle maintenance can put you and your passengers in danger.
One critical aspect of regular vehicle maintenance is checking and changing the oil regularly. Engine oil lubricates the moving parts of the engine, preventing overheating and reducing wear and tear. Neglecting oil changes can cause engine damage and, in some cases, engine failure, which can lead to accidents.
Tires are an essential aspect of ensuring the safety of your vehicle. It is crucial to maintain them properly to prevent accidents that may arise due to blowouts, skidding, and hydroplaning. To ensure that your tires remain in good condition, it is necessary to perform regular maintenance checks. One of the most important things to keep in mind is to check the air pressure regularly and ensure that they are inflated correctly.
It is also recommended to rotate your tires every 5,000 to 7,500 miles to ensure even wear. This will help extend the life of your tires and improve their overall performance. Additionally, it is essential to replace your tires when the tread wears down to 2/32 of an inch. This is because worn-out tires can be dangerous and may cause accidents on the road. By following these simple steps, you can ensure that your tires are wellmaintained and safe for driving. Remember, proper tire maintenance is critical to keeping yourself and others safe while on the road. So, make sure to take care of your tires and stay safe!
Brakes are essential for safe driving. Regular brake maintenance can prevent accidents caused by brake failure. To maintain your brakes, check the brake pads regularly and replace them if they are worn down. Have your brakes inspected by a mechanic if you notice any unusual noises or vibrations when you apply the brakes. Proper brake maintenance can save lives on the road. It is important to also check the brake fluid level and replace it if necessary. Brake fluid plays a crucial role in the braking system by transferring force from the brake pedal to the brakes themselves. Without enough brake fluid, the brakes may not function properly and could lead to dangerous situations on the road. Additionally, make sure to have your brakes inspected at least once a year to ensure they are in good working condition. By following these simple maintenance tips, you can help prevent accidents and keep yourself and others safe while driving.
Distracted driving is a leading cause of car accidents. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, distracted driving claimed 2,841 lives in 2018 alone. To avoid distracted driving, avoid using your phone while driving, keep your eyes on the road, and avoid eating or drinking while driving. If you need to use your phone, pull over to a safe location. By
avoiding distracted driving, you can prevent accidents and keep yourself and others safe on the road. It is important to remember that distracted driving is not limited to just phone use or eating while driving.
Other common distractions include adjusting the radio, applying makeup, and talking to passengers. It is crucial to stay focused on the road at all times and eliminate any potential distractions. Remember, safety should always be your top priority when behind the wheel. Car accidents can have a significant impact on both physical and emotional well-being. Preventive measures such as regular vehicle maintenance, safe driving practices, and seeking support from mental health professionals and car accident attorneys can help reduce the likelihood of accidents and mitigate their effects.
Future research on car accidents could include examining the efficacy of preventative measures such as technology that prevents distracted driving, the impact of social support on recovery after car accidents, and the long-term effects of car accidents on mental health. Additionally, further research could explore the intersection of car accidents with other societal issues such as race, class, and gender, and how these factors may influence the likelihood of accidents and recovery. By prioritizing research, education, and prevention efforts, we can work towards a future with fewer car accidents and a more supportive community for those who have been affected by them.
An ominous brown stain on the fender. A bubble in the paint at the bottom of a door. Soaked floors after hitting a puddle. These are signs the iron worm has been hard at work: rust.
Otherwise fine cars are routinely sent to early graves because they become rusty cars, even though it’s a largely avoidable problem. With iron-based metals, battling oxidation can feel like a Sisyphean task. In spite of the advanced coatings and alloys developed by chemists and engineers, iron’s unstable chemical makeup means it will always succumb to rust in a natural environment. In fact, iron and steel (an alloy consisting of iron and carbon) will completely reduce to iron oxide and other constituent elements over a long enough period of time.
So, how to stop rust on a car? First you need to understand how cars become rusty, and what your car’s
problem areas are—only then can you save your ride from its brown, flaky blemishes, keeping your pride and joy on the road for a long, long time.
Rust forms as a result of the electrochemical breakdown of iron-based metals. This breakdown is the result of oxidation, which is the process where iron surface molecules react with oxygen in the environment and produce a new molecule, Fe2O3, otherwise known as iron oxide. That iron oxide is rust.
Pure iron doesn’t oxidize as aggressively. Examine an old iron engine block and you’ll see a thin surface layer of rust but little penetration into the metal. Unfortunately, iron alone isn’t a particularly good material for building cars, so today’s cars typically use steel alloys. Adding a dollop of carbon to iron creates steel, which offers dramatic improvements in flexibility, tensile strength,
and formability. However, this added strength comes at a cost, as it adds impurities that accelerate the formation of rust.
Exposed steel rusts at different rates depending on several factors: alloy components, thickness, the environment the steel lives in, and the type of heat treating the steel undergoes. Very poorly made cars in the 1970s began showing surface rust as soon as they hit the docks. Completely untreated raw sheet steel can rust through in as little as a few years.
Then there’s the effect of salt. Road salts and other contaminants dissolved in water act as electrolytes. When electrolytes are introduced to a chemical reaction, they speed up the exchange of molecular components. For drivers, this means that dirty or salty water trapped somewhere in the car’s body makes that spot rust faster. It also explains why cars in northern climates where salt is used in winter as well as cars that spend a lot of time near the ocean are prone to rot.
This is why automakers do so much to try and prevent corrosion. A huge amount of testing and material science is dedicated to keeping your car from dissolving away beneath you. Aluminum and magnesium components are becoming popular not only because of their light weight, but also because they corrode at rates that are unnoticeable within a human lifetime. However, those metals are expensive and automakers use them sparingly as a result.
Alloying elements added into cars’ steel such as nickel and chromium can help stave off rust, but nothing is foolproof—everything eventually corrodes. Modern sheet steel also comes off the roll with highly durable coatings. Those are further augmented in the final assembly plants when freshly made vehicle bodies are dipped in baths of anti-corrosion agents before the painting process.
However, the road-facing side of the car turns into one big sandblasting cabinet at highway speeds, and those dips and coatings wear off over time. This is why every car owner needs to periodically inspect their car for rust regardless of where it lives or what kind of additional underbody coating it may have come with.
Rust forms in stages, and knowing where a problem spot is in that decomposition process can help point you to the right solution. Here are the three main stages of rust and how to fix them.
The first signs of a problem pop up in paint nicks, cracks, and scratches. An easy fix.
Surface rust is just that: on the surface. Leave a car with
steel disc brake rotors parked for a little while, and you can see surface rust form on the rotors. That’s never a threat, however, as that rust is typically wiped off the rotor after just a few stops.
Most surface rust on your car forms when paint breaks down through mechanical or UV damage, which is why even cars in warm, dry climates get it. Structurally, surface rust is not a problem, and depending on the metal’s thickness and alloy composition, a level of “passivation” may even be reached where the surface rust actually guards the metal from further oxidation. Regardless, it’s best to correct surface rust as soon as you see it—just in case. That patina-coated truck from Arizona may become a hole-filled nightmare in the wrong weather. The fix is much like general paint repair. Start by using an abrasive wheel or sandpaper (we used 50-grit) to cut through the paint and corrosion until clean, bright metal is visible. Rough up the surrounding areas, too, so that your body treatments can adhere well to the car.
Next, use a rust inhibitor or converter to impede the tin worm’s progress. Your steel may look shiny after knocking the visible rust off, but there’s still some iron oxide there. Rust inhibitors convert iron oxide into a chemically stable, moisture-resistant compound that protects the rest of the metal underneath. For example, the Permatex Rust Treatment we tried contains tannic acid, which reacts with the rust and converts it to iron tannate (which is stable) and 2-Butoxyethanol, an organic polymer that acts as a primer atop the metal. (You can paint over this Permatex version, but we recommend this
one for places like the car’s underbody where you don’t care how it looks as long as it’s not rusting.)
Then put on some rubber gloves and apply the rust converter with a brush or sponge. You’ll want to pour as much rust converter as you think you’ll use into a disposable container because you can’t double-dip into the bottle. If you get some rust in your container of rust converter, the compounds will start working there instead of on your car’s metal, thus ruining the contents of the bottle. Wipe a thin layer of rust converter onto the metal and wait 15 to 30 minutes for it to dry.
Then add a second layer and wait at least a half hour for it to dry. If you can keep the surface moisture-free for 24 hours, then you could prime it—this Permatex Rust Treatment isn’t a primer for paint. Follow up that primer with paint and clearcoat, then buff to blend the finishes. Alternately, if it’s in a spot where people can’t see, you can just leave it alone after letting the Permatex Rust Treatment (or similar sealing rust converter) dry, secure in the knowledge that your winter beater might last a few more seasons without the bumpers falling off.
The chemical process corrupts the surface and reduces metal strength.
If you don’t correct surface rust and you allow that decomposition to penetrate further into the metal, you may see bubbles start to form in your car’s paint. This is because iron oxide molecules are physically bigger than those of iron or steel. That worsening rust issue self-propagates by expanding and flaking away the outer layers of paint and metal, exposing fresh base metal, which then corrodes.
When rust penetrates into the surface like this, it causes a rough, pitted type of damage called scale. Correcting scale means getting through the rust with a wire brush, knocking down roughness with a grinding wheel and smoothing out the surface with sandpaper. Make sure you’re down to bare metal and that there are no big flakes of rust left before sealing it back up, otherwise your sealer or filler could pop right back off. Rough up the area around the bare metal so your next sealants and treatments can stick to it. If it’s in a nondescript area such as underneath the car, you can just seal this cleaned-up spot back up with a rust converter and call it a day.
The metal surface may still be rough once you’re done sanding the larger flakes off. If it’s in a more visible spot, you may want to consider smoothing it out with a body filler such as Bondo before finishing it out with primer and paint. Follow the instructions from the manufacturer of the body filler as it can vary, but generally speaking, you mix it up to a specified ratio depending on your room temperature. NAPA recommends only mixing as much body filler as you’ll use within ten minutes as it starts to harden relatively quickly. Spread it on using a
metal or plastic spreader, but leave a little extra on top to sand smooth.
It takes about 30 minutes for Bondo to fully cure and harden. After that, smooth out the extra filler you left on top so the repair matches the contours of the rest of the car. If you have a rust inhibitor that is safe to use with body filler, add this now, but otherwise, you can seal your work with a regular, high-quality primer. As with fixing surface rust, paint and clear-coat your repaired spot, then buff to blend it in with the rest of the car.
After prolonged exposure, steel is converted to brittle iron oxide and holes form. Rust will eventually eat through your car’s metal if left unchecked. This is penetrating rust, and it’s the cause of everything from Swiss cheese-style holes in the fenders to more dangerous problems with weakened frames and suspension components.
If you live somewhere with rust-prone conditions, don’t wait for bubbles to appear on your car’s body. Take a look underneath the car periodically to inspect for any rough or compromised parts that could be a safety risk on the road if left unfixed.
As scale rust gets worse, the base metal flakes away and leaves holes. Now you’ve got a bigger problem, and you’ve got two options to fix it. You can completely replace the affected part or panel (tough), or if it’s merely a bodywork issue, you can cut the rotten parts out and weld metal “patch panels” into place (tougher). A reputable body shop should be able to take care of either issue. Welds that hold on patch panels can be smoothed out to look like they were always part of the car by the right set of talented hands.
As tempting as it may be, you shouldn’t repair these larger holes with body filler as you would with pits left by scale rust.
That being said, don’t attempt to patch your car’s frame back together. A rusted-through frame means the structural integrity of the car is questionable, and it should be inspected and repaired by a qualified repair facility. You really don’t want to be in a crash in a structurally sketchy car, so we can’t reiterate this enough: check for rust underneath your vehicle every now and then—before it’s too late.
Make sure to wash behind the tires, where road gunk accumulates and can abrade rust-resistant coatings. Lower door corners are notoriously vulnerable to rust. The good news is that this kind of vehicular decay is largely preventable. The best advice is the most obvious: Wash your car regularly to keep the body and underside clean of the road grime, salts, and dirt that
lead to corrosion. Many modern car washes can blast the underside of your car with water to get much of this grime off.
The not-so-obvious advice is to check the drain holes along the bottoms of doors and rocker panels, which allow rainwater to flow out. Use a pipe cleaner to clear these holes out, and keep the car’s nooks and crannies dry. WD-40 can be a useful tool here as well. This lubricant protects parts from corrosion, and its thin nozzle can be used to reach tight underbody spots and blast away water or corrosive grime.
As noted earlier, many vehicles have a thick coating on the underside that chemically seals the steel against oxidizing agents. Regular inspection and repair of the spots that have worn bare will keep rust from advancing and causing additional damage. If this coating is not there, consider adding one yourself. POR-15 is one of the more popular examples of such a rust-protective sealant, and they even have a rubberized coating to go over it in case you want even more protection underneath your car. As with other rust repairs, sand off any rust that might be sticking through and rough up the area you intend to paint with some sandpaper, then brush or spray the new coating on.
As long as your metal is properly sealed from the elements and kept clean of corrosive salt and grime, you should be able to get years of safe driving out of even the most abused winter beater.
