AGATA KORZENIEWSKA 2ND YEAR ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO ID: 13163415
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2.1.1 TRANSLATE 2.1.2 CREATIVE CONSTRUCTS STUDY TRIP: LYON 2.2 FRAMING LEVENSHULME 3D CONNECTION LEVENSHULME LIFE HUMANITIES: GRAPHIC ANTHROPOLOGY POSTER SKILLS 2.3 REFINEMENT AND RESOLUTION CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
SPACE AND LIGHT AND ORDER. THOSE ARE THE THINGS THAT MEN NEED JUST AS MUCH AS THEY NEED BREAD OR A PLACE TO SLEEP.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT INTRODUCTION
The path of an architect is long, complicated and full of unpredictable turns. It is the art that is learnt and perfected throughout the whole life. Constant challenges and ambitions that we expose ourselves to make us improve and only by pushing ourselves to the limits of our potential we can be the best version of ourselves. Those are my goals both as an architect and as a person in general and I feel that the design process is enabling me to be one step closer to achieving them. Throughout the year I have acknowledged that to create good designs I have to combine not only technological knowledge and art but also understanding of the society and needs of the client and site. The awareness of structures, building materials and environmental strategies made me realise how many things need to be examined in order to design both efficient and environmentally friendly building. This, alongside with presentation skills, both verbal and written, are the factors that enable the architect to communicate his idea and those I have been improving over the year. This year I have gradually improved my digital skills both thanks to skills sessions but also because of all the hours I spent on practicing individually. All of those are proved throughout the portfolio, starting with hand drawn 2.1 and then gradually progressing into digital drawings. An architect is someone who knows something about everything. Therefore I aspire to combine the knowledge from all fields in my design so it addresses all climatic, social, economical, historical, artistic and technical needs. In order to mark which pages I have revised from previous stage, I implement this sign
Le Corbusier
2.1
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
2.1.1 Translate as the first project of the year was in a way a link between 1st and 2nd year. It asked us to reexamine and modify our understanding of architectural plan drawings. It also made us reconsider the notion of scale and articulate external space. Through both researched knowledge and intuition we were expected to investigate the diagramming and translation of given drawn information.
TRANSLATE
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
At the beginning of the year each of us was assigned 3 plans which we had to redraw and then analyse in diagrams. We needed to examine the plans in terms of scale, degrees of enclosure, line hierarchy, circulation, organisational strategy and geometry although we were encouraged to investigate it in our own categories as well. This task made me realise how important is a critical analysis and understand the amount of information that can be communicated through the plan drawing. I also acknowledged the role of a diagram in a design process. This task allowed me to gradually improve my diagramming skills and also understand the importance of the proper use of lineweights on a plan. The 3 assigned plans taught me to notice the importance of grid in creation of a plan and notice the basic geometry. I also learnt how to properly adjust lineweights accordingly to the line hierarchy. However not knowing what is the function of the building, the plans allow to assume it. This showed me how important it is to make sure that the shape of the building responds to its purpose, that form follows function.
Form follows function - that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one joined in a spiritual union. Frank Lloyd Wright
FINAL DIAGRAMS INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT We were asked to choose one of the plans and analyse it further, redraw and rethink it. Thanks to this task I realised that we should always look at our design twice and never forget to look back at the beginning of the process.
Design process
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
First design idea resembled the given plan a lot. This idea involved mostly varying the levels of construction and changing the funcion of certain elements.
Second design idea based on following the shapes of original plan. However, it still resembled the original buildigng too much therefore I decided to focus more on adapting shapes used in original plan to the grid created naturally by the site.
I turned up with that shape using major geometrical shapes from the original plan. I significantly diminished the number of details which are unnecessary for outdoor room design. I also tried to play with given geometry to construct something which will have its own character but will resemble the precedent in the same time.
At the beginning of the design process I slightly misunderstood the task and thought that we need to create our own building as a spatial interpretation of the given plan. Only further in the process I realised that we should use only parts of the given plan and reinterpret it completely, even by rearranging and deleting certain elements. This way we designed an entirely new composition deriving from the given building.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
EXISTING SITE PLAN
Our next task was to choose one of 6 sites after having done appropriate research and acknowledged features of all of them. This was also the beginning of group reasearch project - Framing Levenshulme which was progressing alongside 2.1 and presented in the 2nd semester. It is extremely important for an architect to understand the space and society for which he is designing as any new contribution affects the qualities and features of the site. It is also important to take into consideration the role of the site in community’s life. Arcadia Site is currently under development - the sport’s centre is being demolished and replaced with new swimming pool/library. However there is a lot of green space on the site and it’s location allows certain excursion from the typical life of Levenshulme community. It is placed next to the main road (Stockport Road) however surrounded by semi - detached houses it seems to be a possible place to which one could escape from the busy street.
E U N E V A E E YEW TR
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In order to get to know the sites properly we visited Levenshulme on one of our studio days.
SCALE 1:200
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
My idea was to change Arcadia site into proper leisure centre. With a little semi open construction in the middle, I used other geometrical elements extracted from the given plan to design outdoor space which would allow all individuals, couples and families to enjoy the space. In order to make my design correspond with the site, I used its grid to adjust the derived shapes into the surroundings.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
2.1.2 Creative Constructs is the project which is supposed to improve our idea from 2.1.1 while enriching our knowledge about structures and technology. We were asked to produce a cantilever frame along with post and beam and heavyweight structure. This process was enhanced by our architectural study trip to Lyon.
CREATIVE CONSTRUCTS
SKETCH MODELS
CANTILEVER, LIGHTWEIGHT AND HEAVY CONSTRUCTIONS
First design idea was inspired by a theme body as a natural phenomena. I was particularly interested by the skeleton of a T-rex which seems to be a cantilever itself. I looked at major geometry of the structure and that led me into my design idea.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT The last and final theme which inspired me was modernism. I looked particularly at Dutch artistic movement from that period called De Stijl. The followers of this movement advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour. They also simplified visual compositions to the vertical and horizontal directions, and used only primary colors along with black and white.
Phase 1 of 2.1.2 Creative Constructs asked us to design a repetitive cantilever structure in isolation based on 3 topics: modernism, the body as a natural phenomenon and the body as product of cultural influences based on Northern Britain. We were advised by the tutors to consider the body in a further, more abstract way, not necessarily human body therefore I chose the body of a dinosaur which reminds a cantilever itself.
Geometrical figures, as most simplified forms played a very important role in De Stijl what was noticed and used by an architect and furniture designer Gerrit Rietveld. His Red and Blue Chair is an iconic example of De Stijl.
Northern British culture has strong musical influences as many popular bands come from this region. Inspired by this, I decided to derive a cantilever from the combination of jumping Beatles. Connecting their bodies and deriving particular geometric shapes from it led me to my design proposition.
My modern cantilever design idea was mainly inspired by Gerrit Rietveld’s chair which is for me not only an icon of De Stijl but also a symbol of those times.
I believe that modernism can be symbolised by Bauhaus and this immediately makes me recall Gerit Rietveld’s chair. This structure is purely geometrical and simple, but it’s beauty lies in the simplicity.
Second design idea was based on the theme body as a cultural influence. As I wanted it to be connected with something British and preferably Northern I came up with an idea of creating a model of combined bodies of members of a famous band from Liverpool - The Beatles. I combined two most interesting shapes from their famous jumping picture and after analyzing primar geometry of that structure I came up with my cantilever design idea.
By abstracting main geometric shapes from the structure I got into my design idea.
I tried balancing the structure in order to get the most stable construction possible. Therefore I analized the loads of each of possible combinations until I finally got into the balanced one which became my design idea inspired by Northern British Culture.
2 CANTILEVER FRAMES
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Having agreed with my tutors on choosing the design proposition inspired by modernism I moved on to building a proper model out of real materials. This stage of the process taught me how to cast concrete, how to cast steel into concrete and hoe to weld. The choice of materials was deliberate as they make the structure elegant and subtle while being strong and durable.
5 CANTILEVER FRAMES
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT In the following stage we were asked to produce 5 repetitive cantilever frames. I decided to use wood as a representation of concrete due to financial and time reasons. Thanks to this exercise I improved my precision and model making skills.
CONNECTIONS
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
First analized type of connections was connection as an extension of frame while being viually disappearing. The main idea was for it to resemble bracings between cantilevers so it seems to be a part of the structure while it does not attract attention what makes this connection very discreet.
Second type of analized connections is obvious, even brutal prolongness of the structure with metal rods placed in the base. They correspond fluently with metal frame and are solid connection between frames while not interrupting the hierarchy of the strutctural elements.
For the repetitive frames to constitute one whole, they need a smooth connection. Observing the already existing joints within the frames I came up with a few possible ideas of connecting the structure. One was simply connecting them with very thin and delicate bracing in order to break the geometrical brutality. The other one used the bases being rather thick and was more consistent with the rest of the structure. Therefore eventually I decided to have my frames connected brutally in the base and just underneath the steel plates.
RESEARCH HEAVY CONSTRUCTION
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
Stone walls are one of the oldest and most traditional examples of heavy structures. They are usually made of local materials varying from limestone and flint to granite and sandstone. However, the quality of building stone varies greatly, both in its endurance to weathering, resistance to water penetration and in its ability to be worked into regular shapes before construction.
Reinforced concrete is the main material used by Le Corbusier. It is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength and/or ductility. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with steel reinforcing bars or not.
In Lyon, stone walls are mostly part of old churches such as L’Eglise Saint Nizier or Notre-dame de Fourvière Basilica which are a very important part of Lyon.
Reinforced concrete can be used to build many types of structures and components of structures such as slabs, walls, beams, columns, foundations, frames and more. It can be either precast or cast-in-place. Even though without reinforcement, constructing modern structures with the concrete material would not be possible.
The other structure that we were assigned to examine was heavyweight load bearing wall. I based my research on the structures I found in Lyon which were stone wall and concrete wall.
Reinforced concrete walls are probably the strongest and most stable heavy construction elements.
Le Corbusier: L’unite d’habitation, Firminy
L’Eglise Saint Nizier, Lyon
Notre-dame de Fourvière Basilica, Lyon
Le Corbusier: L’Eglise Sainte Pierre, Firminy
Le Corbusier: Maison de la culture, Firminy
RESEARCH POST AND BEAM CONSTRUTION
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Post and beam construction as simple and transparent while being an elegant expression of craft, has a lot to offer. It is the simplest and most direct construction that we can find in a building. It's a directness that can result in visual elegance, as the resulting structure molds space to form rhythms and patterns, while defining rooms. The simplicity of the basic structure gives also the rise to opportunities to explore how connections are made. These connections, whether mortise and tenon or bolted plates of steel, are inherently mechanical.
The other investigated structure was post and beam which I also based on the examples found in Lyon.
Post and beam construction is just a system of horizontal beams that transfer structural loads to a system of vertical posts. More traditional post and beam construction also employs a series of diagonal braces that reinforce the beams and help to make the structure rigid. This type of construction is visually quite distinct. Unlike with a typical wall built of dimensional lumber, post and beam allows for more openness and transparency. This is because the spaces or rooms aren't defined by planar walls but by points. A post and beam system still relies on a system of walls to help separate inside from outside and room from room. The difference is that none of these walls is structural, so they can be built in any configuration and of any material. There are two basic ways of making the connections between the posts and the beams: concealed or exposed. Concealed connection systems rely on embedding the connectors, whether wood tenons or metal plates, within the thickness of the posts or beams. While mortise and tenon joints were originally fashioned onsite in traditional post and beam construction, stock connectors are now available. Exposed connectors are surface mounted to the posts and beams and are visually apparent. Traditionally individually forged by ironworkers and smiths, many such connectors are now mass produced and readily available.
Post and beam structure - wood: Maison du Rodolphe, Lyon
Post and beam - concrete: Maison de la culture, Firminy
Post and beam structure - steel: Gare de Lyon Saint - Exupery, Lyon
FINAL MODELS
POST AND BEAM, LOADBEARING WALL
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT The research led me to eventual structures that I modelled. The pictures on this page show a typical post and beam connection and a typical stone wall.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT The initial idea was supposed to address every single environmental condition in order to make sure that the structure is enlightened in all circumstances. In order to catch the biggest amount of sun and make the biggest use of the solar panels applied I suggested a structure that would allow to move the whole construction around following the sun like a sunflower. I also suggested the use of lithium - ion battery to store energy alongside with little windmills and water turbine that would use all rainwater and wind that affects the site. As the programme of the whole outdoor room is a leisure centre I arranged hammocks on my cantilever structure for people to rest there, talk or read books. The cantilever provides shade from the sun however if a person using it needs more sunlight there is a bike connected to the structure. This way I encourage people to exercise in order to rest afterwards. Unfortunately, the tutors would not agree with me and requested me to modify my cantilever design and apply it to the remaining elements of my outdoor design and follow the idea from 2.1. Therefore I used the cantilever as a roof of the semi - enclosed gallery which is place in the middle and therefore modified the energy distribution.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Very important concern of this design is the environmental strategy which would allow the structure to lighten up in the night. The main idea is to use polivinylidene fluoride (PVDF) which produces energy while being mechanically deformed by the rain drops. Rain creates vibrations and that charges the energy what highly impacts the energy usage. Cantilever roof leads rainwater to the water tank with water turbine which also generates energy. All the energy produced in a day is stored in a lithium - ion battery which is placed underneath the structure. The battery charges throughout a day and then allows the use of the stored energy to lighten up the structure.
SITE MODEL
PERSPECTIVES
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT The project ended with presentation what made me improve my skills of speaking in public and presenting my work appropriately. Most of the drawings in this part are hand drawn as I was just getting acquainted with computer however I am rather proud of my sketchup model and perspectives as it was the first time I used it for such scale.
DAY VIEW
To conclude, 2.1 taught me how to investigate structures both in isolation and in context, how to explore the spatial possibilities of inhabited structure and made me realise how important is the structure in the design process. I also learnt that detailed site analysis needs to be performed before starting the design process in order to understand both the socio - cultural and physical aspects of a site including the relationship between people, buildings and their needs. I developed and refined my model making skills, improved my hand drawing technique as well as learnt a lot in terms of digital skills.
NIGHT VIEW
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
Lyon, the oldest city in France greeted us with weather just as beautiful as the city. French air and beautiful architecture, both old and new, designed by unknown and famous architects made me absolutely fall in love with the city. We were given a list of buildings to see and analyse and I made sure I saw them all, however tired I was.
Lyon experience was incredibly fresh and embellishing also in terms of language - I managed to improve my French speaking skills.
The city enchanted me so much that I am organising an International Forum of European Youth Parliament there in October 2015.
BOULEVARD DES ETATS - UNIS
MUSEE URBAIN DE TONY GARNIER
BANKS OF RHONE
LE VIEUX LYON
BASILICA DE NOTRE - DAME DE FOURVIERE
LA CONFLUENCE
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
Major part of Lyon trip were 2 small trips to Le Corbusier sites. First of them was Fiminy vert where we analysed 4 buildings designed by Le Corbusier: L’eglise Saint - Pierre, La maison de la culture, la piscine and l’unite d’habitation. Le Corbusier highly valued functionality in his projects what is extremely neatly underlined in both exteriors and interiors of his design. All those buildings prove his belief that architecture is a game of light and space what is especially visible in L’eglise Saint - Pierre.
L’unite d’habitation is an impressive example of housing which combined all functions necessary to live in one place - not only does it have flats for all kind of families but also school, theatre and other facilities. All furnitures and measurements in this building are based on the modulor man who is engraved on one of the facades.
L’EGLISE SAINT PIERRE
COUVENT SAINT - MARIE DE LA TOURETTE
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Convent Sainte - Marie de la Tourette is a Dominican Order priory designed by Le Corbusier on a hillside near Lyon. The building provides complete isolation for the monks supplying them in all facilities they need - the building is divided into parts according to their function. Vertical circulation is dominant, each floor provides room for adequate sides of everyday life. Light plays very important role as it symbolises the connection with God. Therefore light is distributed according to the function and role of the place. Le Corbusier is very accurate with the light as in his opinion it is the light that generates the quality of the space.
The analysis of Couvent Sainte - Marie de la Tourette made me realised how much thought has to be put into the design process in order to address all needs of the client. Only by controlling not only the structure but also the symbols and habits of future inhabitants can we create a valuable functional and beautiful piece of architecture.
2.2
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Framing Levenshulme is a group project that was being developed throughout the first term. It asked us to investigate, analyse and understand various contextual issues about both Levenshulme as a whole territory and individual sites. It also demanded from us to show appropriate group interaction and ability to work in a group like a one single organism. I cooperated with Irwin Chan, Shivani Gunawardana, Symmon Sandher, Dimitar Stoynev, Alex Tam and Archanaa Thavendrarajah. Within the group we divided ourselves into smaller sub - groups according to the subject to investigate. I was responsible for cultural analysis therefore I researched further the most important elements constituting the cultural life of the inhabitants of Levenshulme. Detailed analysis of popular pubs in the area along with the information about cultural events and communities within Levenshulme made me realise that cultural life in there is actually rather rich and deserves to be noticed on at least Manchester scale. Framing Levenshulme helped me realise what are the needs of the community. By acknowledging what facilities are already available for them I also noticed what is that they don’t have but need. Social analysis showed what kind of group of people our design is going to affect and consequently what and whom should we focus at. High criminal rate, dominating number of young people alongside with the knowledge that there is no accessible sports facility led me to my design idea - The Levenshulme Ice Arena. Even though each of us was looking into different aspects creating the community, we arranged following meetings in order to make sure that our presentation is consistent and that everybody acquires the information the others found. We worked very efficiently as a group, discussing all issues, meeting regularly and putting into the project same amount of effort. Thanks to that we produced a full presentation, combined of all required elements. We also practiced our presentation skills, rehearsing our performance a few times before the actual presentation. I am really satisfied with the work produced by my group and even more, by the efficient organisation and responsible approach to the project from everyone.
Culture: pubs
Union Inn
Levenshulme has many public houses ,"Pubs", mostly located on Stockport Road. Most date from the late 19th or early 20th century. Some are rebuilt examples of earlier inns, or coach houses. There may have been other local inns in the distant past.
Union Inn in 1959.
The Union Inn is a traditional bar set in the heart of Levenshulme. The bar is one of the villages most popular having served local people for generations. Landlady – Mary Mcgee and the team will give you a warm welcome offering regular entertainment including live music from local artists. From acoustic artists to full bands there’s always something going on. The pub caters for all tastes from folk, blues, jazz to traditional Irish Sessions. The pub plays a huge part in both the Levenshulme and Manchester Irish Festivals – hosting regular photo exhibitions from local, Levenshulme photographers.
Union Inn nowadays.
Hennigan’s Sports Bar Hennigan’s Sport’s Bar provides comprehensive coverage of all sporting action. From unrivalled coverage of all live football to horse racing – if it’s not on in Hennigans – it’s not on anywhere.
M19 One of the livelier venues on the Levenshulme bar scene, the m19 bar and venue regularly hosts live music and other events on the first floor. A good selection of cocktails and drinks, a late licence and party nights make this a popular bar in Levenshulme.
Hennigan’s Sports Bar nowadays.
Farmer’s Arms
Fiddler’s Green Fiddler’s Green is a traditional little piece of Ireland, in Manchester. A real pub, with a warm friendly atmosphere, people of all ages, clean, comfortable, clean toilets, friendly staff and the landlady and landlord are always there and always on the ball, never any trouble, if ever it trys to begin, it is nipped in the bud. Farmer’s Arms in 1970.
Old photo from Hennigan’s Bar.
The Farmer’s Arms, located on Burnage Lane is a hive of activity – a popular community pub it’s serves a selection of affordable drinks and has plenty of promotional offers. The Farmers serves food every Saturday and Sunday afternoons as well as during every City Match. The Farmer’s signature dish is the famous ‘Burnage Burger’! Farmer’s Arms in 1958. All live football is shown on state of the art – LED big screens. Live entertainment is central to the Farmer’s with live bands, duos and karaoke regularly rocking this popular local. Fancy yourself as the ‘Brain of Burnage?’ – look out for our popular quiz zes. Farmer’s Arms nowadays.
Cultural Events Manchester Irish Festival
Levenshulme Festival
A warm Irish festival situated all around Manchester and first established in 1996 is organised to present and spread Irish arts, culture, film music and dance from Irish community of Manchester. There are over 200 events at over 100 venues throughout Greater Manchester during the ten days of the festival. This year it will be held from 6th to 19th March with the St. Patrick’s Parade on Sunday 15th March.
Levenshulme Festival features lots of events categorized into arts, community, kids, live music and dance. Christmas Light Switch - On, Mayo Manchester Photography Ehibition, Race Night, Fireworks Party in the Park and multiple live concerts and shows are only a few amongst many unique events hosted within Levenshulme Festival.
“This is Levy” Photography Exhibition
Adults Beginners Ballroom & Latin American St Mary’s Parish Centre
The Irish community member Greg Mullholland wrote a song about Levenshulme Pub Company called “The Levenshulme Dream”. It was performed with his newly formed band Summercross at the Levenshulme Festival to coincide with the Levenshulme Pub Company’s 25th anniversary. The Levenshulme Dream is a song penned by Greg Mulholland about the Levenshulme Pub company’s first flagship venue – the 860 capacity Palace Nightclub which first opened its doors just over 25 years ago. The club which was a regular haunt for bands like Oasis and played a pivotal role in establishing the world famous Celtic Rock scene which saw the likes of ‘Toss the Feathers’ and ‘Rattle n Reel’ first taking off. “The Levenshulme Dream” song launch by Summercross
Levfest Bike Doctor Stall Fallowfield Loop
Levenshulme Festival Fireworks Party Cringle Fields Park
Levenshulme Food & Drink Festival Levenshulme Food and Drink Festival is hosted by LevyMarket in Car Park Site. Loads of food traders and a tonne of street food, a lovely seating area to eat it up in the sun, a fantastic bar to provide visitors with ales and cocktails while they munch, bands-a-playing and loads of free entertainment for the kids.
LevyBevy Cider Project is a part of the Festival; it is a community cider making initiative. Apples which might often go to waste are collected from all over the community and made into cider.
Street food at Levy Market during LEvenshulme Food & Drink Festival
Levenshulme and District Allotments Society is a friendly and thriving society with plot holders of all ages and from all walks of life. Having an allotment is hugely rewarding, but can also be very demanding, especially at the beginning. This group is intended to provide a space for plot holders to share their experiences, keep up to date with what's happening on site, and develop friendships. It also allows prospective members and other interested people to keep in touch with us. http://levenshulmeallotments.co.uk
Levenshulme Community Association is a group representing the residents of Levenshulme in south Manchester. It is ruled by the LCA Core Group which is made up of three Officers and four ordinary members. The Core Group is an expansion of the three Officer roles under the new constitution adopted in 2014. Thanks to strong sense of community Levenshulme has Manchester’s only roller hockey and roller derby rink with an award winning national team along with other facilities such as swimming pools, gyms and libraries. Sunday Times listed Levenshulme in the top ten up and coming vibrant places in the UK in June. http://levenshulmecommunity.org.uk
Societies and Communities Levenshulme Inspire, a dynamic partnership involving people committed to transforming our area through community activity, creativity, enterprise and fun. Their work together radiates from the Inspire Centre, a new community hub at the heart of Levenshulme which is open to everyone. Inspire is a beautiful, thriving and well-loved Centre owned by the people of Levenshulme, and a place where people can meet, learn, work and have fun. They would like to work with people to develop ideas into programmes of activities which can be delivered from the Inspire Centre. The Inspire Partnership seeks to raise the aspirations of the individual and unlock the potential of the community, from the very youngest to the very oldest, through providing holistic services and opportunities to create a better future for the people of Levenshulme and South Manchester. http://www.lev-inspire.org.uk http://ww
The Children’s Society fights child poverty and tackles neglect head on while helping children to have better future. They run quality services that draw on clear evidence and good practice that are being replicated across the country. They work locally where we can make the greatest possible change for disadvantaged children. The Children’s Society defends, safeguards and protects the childhood of all children and young people throughout the UK through their network of programmes and services. Last year they reached more than 23,000 children through their children's centres and programmes. http://www.childrenssociety.org.uk
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT This project required us to determine the connection detail from our previous projects, model it using computer software and 3D print it. This task allowed me to understand the complexities of the connection detail and the possibilities of new production methods such as 3D printing. Thanks to this exercise I became acquainted with the modern industrial techniques and improved my digital model making skills. I also realised that connection detail can also be beautiful and complicated, not only functional.
3D CONNECTION
3D CONNECTION
3D CONNECTION
3D PRINTED MODEL OF STEEL ROD CONNECTION BETWEEN CONCRETE AND STEEL PLATE 3D printed joint is a steel rod net connecting concrete with metal plane. It is a natural continous joint as the rods are casted in concrete and welded to metal plane what makes the structure endless, stable and easily constructed at the same time.
INSPIRATION The idea of connecting concrete slab with metal plane by steel rods came from bamboo facades which represent very intricate and atmospheric architecture.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT The detail I designed was later on modified and used by me in the building as a roof detail and stair balustrade. Due to it’s delicacy and elegance I was able to convert it into other functions and therefore achieve a fluent connection between the projects.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
2.2 Levenshulme Life is an urban synthesis project which demands us to design a building which responds to the needs of the community of Levenshulme. It required understanding of an urban site, local context and complexities of building design. We needed to explore 7 subtopics which were: structure, public space, skin/ structure/environment, interior/exterior lighting studies, spatial organisations/programme development, vertical movement study/detail (stair) and Levenshulme analysis, both in terms of cultural/social/political/economic/physical and structural - spatial relationships.
LEVENSHULME LIFE
SITE
FALLOWFIELD LOOP
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT In order to understand the requirements posed by the space, appropriate site analysis needed to be performed. Partly as an element of Framing Levenshulme but also as an individual analysis, I looked into environmental performance of site 6, Fallowfield Loop. It is placed lower than main street’s level therefore it is in a way hidden from the view of a random passer - by. It is the biggest site of all given ones. There are 4 entrances to the site, 2 of them are through the tunnel which is a part of Fallowfield Loop cycle path which is spread out through the whole England.
The site is surrounded by semi - detached houses. At the moment it is a very green space, atmospheric and approaching nature.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Fallowfield Loop site is located next to the A6 road leading to London, Stockport Road. Therefore it can be easily accessed. It is also a good connection point between Manchester and Levenshulme as once you leave the cycle path it is very easy to access any location within the district. Thanks to it’s lower level, it provides shelter from the busy roads while still being close to them. It is also nearby Levenshulme train station what makes it easy to reach by any mean of transport.
LEVENSHULME SOCIAL ANALYSIS
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Levenshulme is a popular choice of many people who work in Manchester as it is relatively close to the city centre, it has efficient public transport and is also noticeably cheeper than any other part of the city. This causes significantly big population density within the area, especially if compared to England as the whole. However, the population of Levenshulme is generally young, the biggest number of people is placed between 20-24 years old with growing younger generation. Crime rate is also worth mentioning as it is remarkably high compared to England or even other parts of Manchester. This might be caused by lack of activity for young people who are being brought up in pathological families and communities. Looking for activity, they fall into bad company and therefore impact the rise of the crime rate within Levenshulme. What does Levenshulme need the most then? I believe that first of all this area needs an activity centre which would provide occupation for all, young and elderly. Levenshulme is also slightly diminished in terms of impact on the Manchester life therefore it seems advisable to try to change it. As Manchester is the second largest city in England and is famous for its big sports scene, I think it is worth enriching the sports facility options with winter sports, specifically ice skating.
PROPOSAL
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT England has already hosted summer olympic games but at the moment it is not adapted to host winter games. My design is a step towards that, possibly starting the growth of winter sports in England and its position in worldwide rankings. Manchester has facilities which enable it to host any football games, swimming competitions, even speedway racing and still, its winter sports scene is surprisingly limited. By designing an olympic ice rink, I would like to encourage people from Levenshulme, Manchester and England in general to appreciate winter sports both as olympic tournament and as everyday active leisure for everyone regardless of gender or age. Ice skating can be present in many different sport disciplines such as figure skating, hockey, short track, curling etc. It is also an activity that aggregates communities and can be considered light Sunday family leisure. In order to allow the access to ice skating facility for everyone at all times, there are 2 sheets of ice what enables both training and public session to happen at the same time.
PROGRAMME
MODULOR AND WIDESPAN SPACES
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Programme of the building demands different types of rooms which can be divided into modular and wide span. The latter are most visible and constitute main part of the building. Wide span rooms in The Levenshulme Ice Arena are both sheets of ice, entrance and training room. The remaining spaces are modular and can be considered as second unit. Those are changing rooms, toilets, offices etc. The specific type of room is a technician room which is placed at the very end of the building. This element is crucial for proper functioning of the whole construction as it is the location of refrigeration unit.
BIKES
ALTERNATIVE BIKE PATHS IN FALLOWFIELD LOOP
GENERAL DESIGN IDEA
HEIGHT DIFFERENCES AND CIRCULATION ON THE SITE
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT The design however interferes with original purpose of the site and requests alternation of the cycle path. Apparently, the path is a part of a project called Sustrans which incorporates whole England. Therefore, Fallowfield Loop part of the path plays a vital role for English cyclists if considered in macro scale. However, it is not particularly popular within the local community what I have discovered through interviews with people on the street and consequently can be adjusted to new needs presented by the site.
Having thought about reorganising the path, I suggest taking the cycle path to the street level and encircling the new ice skating facility and finally bringing the path back into the tunnel and allowing it to continue. This solution also encourages cyclists to explore Levenshulme as it opens the visible alternative options of their further journey. Bringing the path to the street level simplifies the access to the city centre as well. Therefore I believe that this solution is appropriate for both cyclists and local inhabitants even though it acquires remodelling the profile of the site.
The site is located below the street level what allows to create the impression of the building emerging from the ground while approaching it. The geometry of it corresponds with the shape of the site and programmatic requirements as shown on the diagrams presented.
ROOF PROPOSAL GREEN ROOF
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT As a figure skater I can tell from own experience that most of ice rinks lack space in which one could rest and warm up after skating session. Consequently in my design I introduce the cafe which extends to the roof. This enables efficient use of green roof proposal for this part alongside to providing a semi - opened romantic hidden space which is a great place to spend the evening with the significant other as well as friends and family. It provides an outstanding viewpoint for the whole Levenshulme while being subtly isolated from its dangers and disadvantages.
MATERIALITY
S. CALATRAVA, GARE DE LYON SAINT EXUPERY STEEL, CONCRETE AND GLASS AS MAIN COMPONENTS
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT The materiality of my design needs to be crude and cold in order to correspond with its function - cold inside requires icy look from the outside. The trip to Lyon however inspired me with one of the most beautiful examples of the usage of steel, concrete and glass while maintaining the lightness and delicacy of the structure - Gare de Lyon Saint - Exupery by Santiago Calatrava. Because of highly polished surface and reflected light his platforms somehow call the mind an ice rink and that convinced me that those are the best materials I can choose for this design. Another building which highly influenced my choice of materiality was an ice rink in St Polten in Austria which also bases on concrete structures.
LIGHTING PRECEDENT
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
Most of already existing ice rinks are either very basically or very badly lit. One of my goals is to demolish this stereotype and manage to enlighten the ice pads in a creative and efficient way. Accordingly, I decided to use the same design as my 3D connection to cover the roof surface. The lighting placed over delicate and thin net provides a very unique, subtle and dynamic illumination over the ice pad what is mostly appreciated during shows and competitions.
Some basic thermodynamical calculations allowed me to state that I can add as many lights as it’s necessary without affecting the efficiency and cost of refrigeration unit. Their impact on the structure is negligible.
ACOUSTICS
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Ice rink is a very particular space in terms of acoustics. As a large wide span space built from materials which practically don’t absorb sound it is in essence an echo chamber. In order to solve this problem, I therefore applied 1400 1m x 2m fiberglass sound panels onto the roof over the ice pads. The sound panels are however covered by a net which has been inspired by my 3D printed connection.
STRUCTURE
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
An ice rink is a very complicated building in terms of technical, mechanical and electrical solutions. It is also very particular in terms of environmental performance. However, I found it absolutely fascinating and exceptionally enjoyed researching, acquiring new knowledge and figuring out how to make this building work. I utterly improved my understanding of technical problems all in terms of structure, materiality and mechanics. I analysed the building using Sefaira to find out what needs to be improved in terms of it’s environmental performance and introduced the energy redistribution programme based on the mechanism of refrigeration plant. In order to make the most of renewable resources, water used to operate the refrigeration unit comes mostly from rainwater collection. Additionally, I placed solar panels on the roof and applied inter seasonal heat store. Buffer cables filled with hot water are placed underneath the whole structure, including landscaping what ensures relatively stable temperature and abates the amount of energy needed for floor heating and operation of refrigeration plant.
ICE OCCUPATION SCHEME
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
In order to make sure that the building is used to the maximum of its potential I also produced an ice occupation scheme. The charts and diagrams show that the building is filled with people doing different things throughout the whole day. Thanks to installing 2 ice pads, 2 different disciplines can practice in the same time. Large slots of public sessions skating have been encouraged in order to increase the interest in actively spending free time both with friends and family. The occupational scheme proves that this design is worth investing into as it significantly contributes into everyday life of an inhabitant of Levenshulme.
OCCUPATIONAL DIAGRAM - PLAN
OCCUPATIONAL DIAGRAM - SECTION
GROUND FLOOR PLAN WITH LANDSCAPING
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT An architect should always keep in mind that his building doesn’t stand in isolation but constitutes part of its surroundings. Therefore it is important to make sure it’s not only the building which is well - thought and beautiful but also the landscaping around it. In the design process not only did I take care of the cycle path but also made sure that the landscaping in front of my building corresponds with both design and site. Accordingly, it is also minimalistic but I believe that its beauty lies in simplicity. The landscaping design was inspired by the boulevard de Rhone in Lyon.
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN
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ROOF PLAN IN CONTEXT
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ROOF CAFE PLAN
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SECTIONS IN CONTEXT
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
Due to size requirements of a standard olympic ice pad the building is about 200 m long so it covers almost the whole Fallowfield Loop site. Because of that scale of the sections had to be adjusted in order to fit them on a reasonably sized page. Sections and elevations presented in 2.2 were my initial idea which got modified in the process of 2.3.
ELEVATIONS IN CONTEXT
FRONT ELEVATION
ELEVATION FROM STOCKPORT ROAD
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BACK ELEVATION 1:200
EXTERNAL PERSPECTIVE NIGHT VIEW
INTERNAL PERSPECTIVE
FIGURE SKATING TRAINING ON THE MAIN SHEET OF ICE
CAFE
INTERNAL PERSPECTIVE
ROOF CAFE NIGHT VIEW
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT To summarize, 2.2 showed me what it is like to attempt to fully design a building. It made me realise how difficult is that process and how much work is needed in order to first understand and then construct a building. I learnt how to synthesise the information acknowledged prior to design process and apply it into the design. I also understood how important it is to make sure that the building is coherent with the site, its needs all social, physical and environmental. Even though I believe that the field in which I improved the most is research and technical knowledge as I chose a building which has particular features that need to be understood in order to complete the task, 2.2 definitely improved my understanding of the role of an architect in the society.
HUMANITIES
GRAPHIC ANTROPHOLOGY
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Graphic Antrophology is a Humanities course which consisted of 10 lectures, each of them followed by a task assigned to it. We were asked to choose a site which falls into one of the following categories: marketplace, transit space, public square and museum. By visiting the site every week and completing each task I developed a spatial understanding based on the knowledge gained both in the lecture and through the reading of additional complimentary literature. I decided to analyse Manchester Arndale Shopping Centre, therefore concentrating on marketplace type of space. Each task taught me something different. Sketching, made me realise repetitive behaviours that people represent in a public place such as a shopping centre. Sketching their poses, gestures, places of assembly allowed me to develop an understanding of both motives of human conduct and the impact of space on people. I realised that people are controlled by the space in which they suspend. This can be referenced to the medieval conception of God as an architect of the world - this belief compares the role of an architect to the role of God and his power of in a way controlling people’s behaviour through space. Sensory urbanism task sensitised me towards the role of our senses in perceiving the space. I observed that very often the notion received by one sense affects the other ones as well as the behaviour of other people and general socially accepted rules of how one should behave in certain space generate behaviours which are repetitive in case of every single human being. Applying Auguoyard’s schema allowed me to analyse the space in terms of spatial practice so how people understand space directly through their engagement with it. I realised that we can find qualities mentioned by Auguoyard in every site as those elements constitute space. Wherever we go, there will be place of exclusion, polysemy, ambivalence, staggered polysemy, bifurcation, redundancy and all other elements used to analyse the space. Going further, having read the book Image of the city by Kevin Lynch demonstrated me that not only cities can be divided into paths, edges, districts, nodes and landmarks but every single site as those elements are present within every element of space surrounding us. Those factors are present in all kind of spaces because of us - it is us who define them and as one person follows another, those boundaries are being generated gradually but eventually they are definite and unchangeable. Site can be defined also by the movement of people within it. I realised that we can efficiently describe the character of the site using Laban’s notation over people’s movement. Another element constituting the space is sound - I observed certain sound patterns present in the shopping mall over the day, week, month, year and their diversity among certain shops. I also noticed that music is an extremely efficient tool to control people’s behaviour within the space. Analysing Manchester Arndale Shopping Centre through those tasks completely changed the way I perceive the site and people’s behaviour within it. It also affected my thinking in design process and guided me into paying more attention to certain elements of the design as they define people’s reaction to the building proposed.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT I found Digital Skills sessions very useful. Even though due to other responsibilities, I wasn’t able to attend group sessions, I came every week for the drop in either afterwards or beforehand. I learnt a lot in those sessions, especially taking advantage of the individual sets during drop ins. My entire portfolio is a documentation of the improvement of my digital skills, starting with everything hand drawn and finishing with CAD drawings finalised in Photoshop, edited in both Illustrator and Indesign, modelled in Revit and SketchUp. It is very difficult for me to specify exactly which elements of my portfolio confirm certain skills acquired during the sessions however I believe that the improvement is clearly visible for everyone going through my portfolio.
SKILLS
PHOTOSHOP
INDESIGN
ILLUSTRATOR
RHINO
3Ds MAX
REVIT
AUTOCAD
2.3
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT 2.3 Refinement and resolution is the final project of the year allowing us to refine and finalise our design analysed, researched and thought - through in 2.2 Levenshulme Life. It required self - reflection as well as perfected drawing and design skills. This part of Studio unit made me significantly improve my digital drawing skills - having quite large difficulties with using the software at the beginning, by the end of the project not only was I comfortable using all required programmes but also I noticeably improved my speed and precision. What is more, 2.3 encouraged me into exploring more thoroughly the structure and mechanics what resulted in detailed technical section and comprehensive analysis of the operation system.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
After having finished and presented my 2.2 project I realised that my proposal however very thoroughly researched and investigated in all fields, conveys way too much through words compared to the drawings. Therefore my goal of 2.3 was to transform all my drawings into beautiful illustrations in order to transmit all the information I have already included in verbal and written explanations through infographics, technical drawings, visuals and diagrams. This pushed me into developing my artistic side slightly more and adding the consistent feeling to my work, both new and already existing. However, producing technical section allowed space for more precise and calculated information what I absolutely enjoyed.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT I reevaluated my plan in order to make it transmit more information. Having added all materials, context and a bit of artistic touch behind it I transformed purely technical line drawing into an interesting depiction of materiality, programme and spatial representation. In order to make my portfolio consistent I followed the same pattern with second floor and roof plan. This task taught me how important it is to convey as much information as possible through presented drawings. I also acknowledged the importance of the ability to use appropriate software and fine arts in order to present my design idea. Therefore I believe that project 2.3 is the essential beginning of establishing my architectural drawing style and an important element in understanding the role of an architect.
ROOF PLAN IN CONTEXT
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
Analysis of the rooftops made me realise how many things can be stored on the roof and that rooftops are a very valuable element of the building. In my case, rooftop is an element of environmental structure - vents located along the border of the roof are a part of inter seasonal heat store mechanism - they are responsible for ejection of the excess of hot air, unnecessary for the operation of internal heating mechanisms. Solar panels placed on the roof are also a part of environmental strategy and help minimise the amount of energy that needs to be delivered to maintain building’s electrical needs.
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ELEVATION IN CONTEXT
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INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
South and north elevations are the most appreciated ones as they are meant to introduce the client to the building and encourage him to enter. Timber frame placed on the outside is the support for the lighting which guides the visitor to the building after darkness. Even during the day, timber frame enhances minimalistic concrete and glass structure, making it slightly warmer in its cold brutality. However, as the purpose of the building is cold and the whole design is minimalistic, west and east elevations are minimalistic as well - they represent the beauty of concrete and gently fade into the site and suggested landscaping.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Long section through the building enables us to see the whole journey through different types of spaces constituting the entire whole. The building can be divided into following sections:
Each of those provides different feeling to it. Ice pad parts of the construction are colder, darker and more brutal what corresponds to the programme of the space. However the minimalistic coldness is broken by delicate lights which follow the pattern of my 3D connection. This design idea opens the possibility of hiding the acoustic panels while providing extraordinary lighting solution. The glazed passive part of the building on contrary is light and however same minimalistic it is enriched by the natural light which goes through the fully glazed walls and softly enters the minimalistic interiors assuring them with warm feeling of relief. This is also visible on the small sections which are taken through those 2 different types of structures. Combining them on one page makes this difference striking and evident what was my initial aim.
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
Exploded axonometric allows for better understanding of the space which can be seen in all its magnificence This page is the proof of the amount of progress I made in autoCAD as this has been drawn line by line using this software.
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STAIRCASE ANALYSIS
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
Analysing the staircase drew my attention towards staircases in general. Structure, however simple, can be formed in infinite number of ways providing an element of surprise in every space. The phenomenon of the stairs in my design is the combination of minimalistic brutal concrete with elegant balustrade which follows the pattern of 3D connection just like the roof structure over the ice pad. This repetition is essential to reassure the fluidity and consistency of the interior as it links 2 parts of the building.
100 mm METAL RAILING
5mm SCREEDING 250mm LAYER REINFORCED CONCRETE
STAIR STRUCTURAL DETAIL
3mm CONCRETE GREY
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100mm METAL RAILING 4mm FILLET WELD 10mm STEEL PLATE 5mm SCREEDING LAYER 8mm SS BOLT 250mm REINFORCED CONCRETE
CONNECTION DETAIL
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AXONOMETRIC
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INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Daylighting strategies applied to the design can be divided into parts - we can clearly distinguish the daylighting zone which is a fully glazed part of the building including cafe and big, grand entrance. However, artificial lighting underlines the slender character of the design. Appropriate air conditioning and ventilation have been applied.
All additional water is being stored in water tanks underneath the structure and reused to cooling down the ice pad and heating up the rest of the construction. Inter seasonal heat store connected to solar panel placed on the ground along with outdoor cooling cell make the most of both sun converting it into energy and rainwater using it as a carrier of this energy.
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT
ENERGY RETRIVAL THROUGH THE USAGE OF REFRIGERATION UNIT
The programme of an ice rink in a way determines the environmental strategies that can be performed within it as it strongly restricts the use of typical renewable resources. Instead it operates due to large temperature differences, having the temperature controlled by refrigeration plant which is responsible both for cooling the ice pad and heating up the rest of the structure. The energy used to heat up the water which later on cools down the ice pad is produced by the inter seasonal heat store which derives it from the solar panel placed above the ground. The energy retrieved from cooling the ice pad is later on reused to heat up the other part of the structure. This solution enables to decrease the energetic needs by about 30%. It is also further decreased thanks to solar panels placed on the roof. All environmental strategies performed allow to decrease the use of appliances by about 35-40% which is very efficient, especially for a building as specific as an ice rink.
OUTDOOR COOLING CELL
INTER SEASONAL HEAT STORE
OUTDOOR COOLING CELL
THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE REFRIGERATION PLANT IS NEARLY IDENTICAL TO THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE FLOOR HEATING SYSTEM
PROCESS OF COOLING THE ICE PAD
REFRIGERATION PLANT WITH HEAT RECOVERY: PREHEATING OF HOT WATER, FLOOR HEATING AND AIR HEATING
SITE MODEL PHYSICAL MASSING MODEL SHOWING TWO TYPES OF STRUCTURES
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DIGITAL MODEL - SKETCHUP
DIGITAL MODEL - REVIT
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT Project 2.3 allowed me to develop first of all my digital modelling skills. As I have done a lot of physical modelmaking both last year and in first semester of this year as well as during tech week I decided that a massing diagramatic model in context will be more valuable contribution to the design process than a detailed model of the whole structure. However, if I managed to find slightly more time, I would definitely make a detailed model of the whole structure including the inside and hopefully a structural detail of most challenging connection.
PERSPECTIVE BUS VIEW
PERSPECTIVE STREET VIEW
PERSPECTIVE
PERSPECTIVE
NIGHT STREET VIEW NIGHT STREET VIEW
PERSPECTIVE MAIN SHEET OF ICE
INTEGRATED DESIGN REPORT CONCLUSION
IF YOU WEREN’T AN OPTIMIST, IT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO BE AN ARCHITECT. NORMAN FOSTER
Looking back at the beginning of this year I can’t believe how much I have done, how much I have learnt and how much has happened. It was certainly an extraordinary and unique year for me. I remember that in the first lecture we heard that this year we will find out who we are and whom we want to be. I think I actually realised that, at least in terms of architecture - now I know what interests me more, I know what gives me biggest satisfaction. I learnt a lot of stuff not only about architecture but also and primarily about myself - I realised that Im even stronger than I thought and that by determination and hard work you can reach your limits. Throughout the year I went through many phases - being tired and then excited, of believing in myself and not seeing my future as an architect at all.. There were times when I thought that I am just not good enough for this course, that I am not good enough to be a worthy architect who can actually influence something. However now, looking back at this year, I see a wonderful, rich year which passed in a blink of an eye. This year I also learnt what is it like to work in a group who actually cooperates and helps each other what was a really satisfying experience. I will never forget any of those sleepless nights spent working on another drawing just to be told that it is not good enough and throw it away the next day… But this is the most efficient way of learning we will never forget a sleepless night being thorn apart and thrown away. However the feeling of being appreciated in the end was the most fulfilling feeling I have ever experienced. Somewhere among all the mixed feelings about myself, my future, my dreams and goals I realised that I actually learned a lot this year. Firstly, I realised how big an impact has an outdoor space on the overall design. I overthought the role of an architect and realised that even by designing the smallest bits of architecture we strongly affect our surroundings. Secondly, I realised that to design a building which will be efficient and beautiful in all means it takes a lot of research, intuition, knowledge, trials, attempts and first of all, time. As we can always learn more and do more, the only thing that restricts us is time and that is the biggest challenge of an architect - to manage to design an outstanding building within the given timeframe. Hopefully without sleepless nights. No matter how many times we call it “architorture”, we cannot deny that architecture has become a vital part of our lives and the only thing we can do with it is design buildings which we can be proud of ourselves. I am proud of the Levenshulme Ice Arena. After long months of researching, developing, designing, drawing, finalising I can eventually say: I love my building. And I love architecture.
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