CONTENTS REFERENCES - PAGE 1 PRECEDENTS - PAGE 2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN - PAGE 3 CONCEPTUAL MODEL SHORT-LIST - PAGE 4 EXPLORATIONS - PAGE 4 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT - PAGE 5 MATERIAL SYSTEM - PAGE 6 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS - PAGE 7 FINAL DESIGN CONCEPT - PAGE 8
GROUP 13 // REFERENCES INSPIRATION // FRIE OTTO // RULED MODELS // Ruled surfaces are defined by straight lines so we found it easy to apply them to our intial wire and masking tape models and incorporate them into design. A hyperbolic paraboloid is a 3D surface with hyperbolic and parabolic cross- sections. We were inspired by Felix Candela’s thin concrete structures and used his paraboloids as a framework to come up with a more flexible dynamic structure. Soap films (closed boundary + uniform stress). Soap films are structures with minimal surface area. They inspired us to amend the idea of the hyperbolic paraboloid in order to have a more linear structure. We applied tension and pulled the vertexes, thus the paraboloids converted into straight lines, creating rigid edges. The tension allows us to apply lightweight materials. The result was a cable structure, which relies on tension and cannot support compression. The boundaries of the structure are defined by nonclosed triangles, no three segments lay on the same plane. The lines connect to each other defining a polygon, which serves as the boundaries of a tensile structure.
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Frei Otto // Soap Film Experiment //1
Frei Otto // Soap Film Experiment //2
Ruled models // by research bodies
Ruled models // by research bodies
Hyperbolic Paraboloids //
Hyperbolic Paraboloids //
GROUP 13 // PRECEDENTS INSPIRATION // FREI OTTO // FELIX CANDELA // SHAJAY BHOOSHAN The Music Pavilion by Frei Otto is an example of a textile lightweight roof. It is one of the first tents having two-up and two-down fxed points. This idea was taken and further developed in our design by adding a third point-up and a third-point down allowing the body of the object to stand on its own and bear a weight pushing the structure downward. Felix Candela’s works are known for being innovative in their uniquely thin cross sections, truth to form and elegance. Candela’s Manantiales’ structure is a hyperbolic paraboloid, which has V-shaped beams, strengthening the base and free thin edges. We kept the V-shaped beams and converted the paraboloids into straight lines by increasing the tension.
Frei Otto // Music Pavilion at the Federal Garden Exhibition, 1955, Kassel, Germany. Photo © Atelier Frei Otto Warmbronn
Frei Otto with Ove Arup & partners & Ted Happold /Roof for the Multihalle in Mannheim, 1970–1975 Mannheim, Germany.
Felix Candela // Cassinello. In memoriam (1910-1997)
Felix Candela // Restaurant of the Hotel Casino de la Selva, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Design_John Klein & Shajay Bhooshan // Bangalore Railway. Research Framework_Autodesk Idea Studio Resident
Shajay Bhooshan // Pleated Shell Structures 1
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GROUP 13 // CONCEPTUAL DESIGN EXPLORATION // RULED SURFACE MODELING To understand the make-up of ruled surfaces more, we decided to create a set of three structures based on its principles. Using the work of our precedent explorations as a basis we created three wire structures that would allow for a continuous ruled surface. The biology of these models consists of a 2mm wire frame joined with masking are made of 8mm strips of masking tape. These masking tape strips rely on tween two wire edges. To decide which models would pass on the next step of one and three were able to hold 4kg and 6kg. Model two did not perform well equidistant legs, the offset equilateral base on model one seemed to cope with
tape to keep the frame continuous. The ruled braces the tension created from spanning the distance becomputer modeling we tested their strength, models; during the strength test we think mainly due to its the load better.
ONE // RULED SURFACE MODELING
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ONE // ONE
ONE // TWO
ONE // THREE
ONE // FOUR
ONE // FIVE
ONE // SIX
TWO & THREE // RULED SURFACE MODELING
TWO // ONE
TWO // TWO
TWO // THREE
TWO // FOUR
TWO // FIVE
THREE // ONE
THREE // TWO
THREE // THREE
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GROUP 13 // MODEL SHORT-LIST FURTHER EXPLORATION // RULED SURFACE MODELING The aim of this project is to use digital processes and design techniques to propose novel solutions to the problems fabrication. We aim to explore in detail and develop a small and simple feature of their design project. The objective is to initiate students into a compressed version of design to production pipelines in contemporary architectural offices. We will do so through the creation of computer models, exploration of interoperability paths between different software platforms, diagrams, drawings, laser cut paths, CNC prototypes, and robotic paths that explain, test, and analyse the system. All prototype digital and physical models are to be catalogued and documented and submitted as a bound folio accompanied by a digital copy.
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GROUP 13 // EXPLORATIONS CATALOGUE // BASE PLAIN ONE
MODELLED ACCURATELY TO PLAN
UNLEVEL UPPER PLANE
REMOVE CONSTRAINT// VERTEX
REMOVE PARALLEL CONSTRAINTS//VERTEX(S)
DO NOT PERFORM ONE ORIGINAL FUNCTION
ROTATE UPPER EDGES IN (Z) PLANE
OFFSET SHIFT BASE IN (Z) PLANE
CENTRALIZE BASE VERTEX’S
GROUP 13 // EXPLORATIONS CATALOGUE // BASE PLAIN TWO
MODELLED ACCURATELY TO PLAN
UNLEVEL UPPER PLANE
REMOVE CONSTRAINT// VERTEX
REMOVE PARALLEL CONSTRAINTS//VERTEX(S)
DO NOT PERFORM ONE ORIGINAL FUNCTION
ROTATE UPPER EDGES IN (Z) PLANE
OFFSET SHIFT BASE IN (Z) PLANE
CENTRALIZE BASE VERTEX’S
GROUP 13 // EXPLORATIONS LIVE SIMULATION // BOX When deciding which of the Maya model simulations to further explore we had to first turn them into n clothes and set constraints at the base and upper vertices. This allowed us to envisage how the forms would perform in reality to later be created in the live simulation box. From our catalogue we selected a set of four models that we thought worked best in various parameter conditions but also had an aesthetic quality and buildability was also a factor when dividing which forms to shortlist into the live simulation stage. The live simulation stage consisted of 3 main elements, a 1200mm x 600mm x 650mm box. The box consists of many holes on its upper and base plane to allow for the models to be replicated via their vertex’s being strung through the holes.
LIVE SIMULATION // SHORTLISTED DIGITAL MODELS ONE
THREE
TWO
FOUR
The models above are the four that have been shortlisted to this stage, they all share a similar reaction to the parameter conditions applied in the previous catalogue. We hoped when choosing them they would perform as they have in Maya when applied to the live box. We have used a lycra material to model them as it performed the best as a virtual material when we tested the n cloth on the models.
ONE //
TWO //
THREE //
FOUR //
GROUP 13 // EXPLORATIONS MATERIALITY SIMULATION // MAYA & BOX OPERATION
SHAPE 1
SHAPE 2
(Starting parameters in Maya) -Stretch Resistance 20.0 -Rigidity 0.00
Relaxes a small amount,
No obvious changes
-Stretch Resistance 0.00 -Rigidity 0.00
Shape falls in completely in itself as no constraints act on it
Shape falls in completely in itself as no constraints act on it
DPM 1. R0.SR0.107
DPM 2. RT.00.160 // REF 4
-Stretch Resistance 0.1 -Rigidity 0.00
Middle drops down
Middle drops, hole remains same size
-Stretch Resistance 2.00 -Rigidity 0.50
Relaxes a small amount
Drops again but still curved
DPM 1. R0.2.SR0.50 // REF 2
DPM 2. R0.SR2.239 // REF 5
-Stretch Resistance 0.8 -Rigidity 0.00 -Shear resistance 0.1
Soft selects, increase fallout radius and pull up middle section more. Compression resistance =0, relaxes to look like real world shape
Shape bends in. Compression resistance=0
Stretch Resistance 0.8 -Rigidity 0.00 -Shear resistance 10.0
Shape twists along lines of connecting vertices
Arches still formed
-Stretch Resistance 0.00 -Rigidity 0.02
Some relaxation. If rigidity is more than 0.2 then the shape does not change at all
DPM 2. CT.00.160 // REF 6
DPM 1. R0.SR50.1 // REF 3 Some relaxation
REF 1
REF 2
REF 3
REF 4
REF 5
REF 6
GROUP 13 // EXPLORATIONS MATERIALITY SIMULATION // MAYA & BOX SHAPE 3
SHAPE 4
BOX NOTES
No obvious changes
Not much change – middle dropped a small amount
Shape falls in completely in itself as no constraints act on it
Real world, shape hangs down and disperses on floor
Curves collapse inwards more
N/A
Relaxes a small amount
N/A
Relaxes a small amount
Shape edges soften but curves still quite pronounced
N/A
Shape bends in a small amount
Softens curves but still not straight lines
Box shape has straight lines with small curves compared to greater curves in Maya model
Some relaxation
Some relaxation
No obvious changes
Shape falls in completely in itself as no constraints act on it DPM 3 SR0.160 // REF 7 Shape collapses sideways DPM 3 SR0.1.152 // 8
Relaxes a small amount DPM 3 R0.1.152 // 9
REF 7
REF 8
N/A
REF 9
CONCLUSION // When the shape is relaxed in Maya, the rigidity must be <0.2 in order to see real world similarities. Stretch resistance must all be kept <2.0. If both rigidity and stretch resistance are acting on the shape there is little relaxation. The curves are more prominent in Maya whereas in the box, connecting points tended to be straighter. It was hard to calibrate the real world and Maya fabrics to act in an identical manner, however similar shapes could be made.
GROUP 13 // PAVILION DESIGN APPLICATION // CONCEPT DESIGN After manipulating the shapes in the catalogue, 2 shapes were chosen based on buildablity and aesthetic. We wanted to integrate the pavilion onto the Cardiff museum whilst still maintaining easy access into the building and along the road. We initially thought about having a elastic mesh which could be climbed across having been inspired by the Brazilian pavilion at the Milan Expo. It was important that the shapes weren’t altered too much and could easily be remodelled in Maya. Starting with X we thought about having a mid level viewing area, which could be accessed by the legs of the shape. We then decided that the viewing area and structure would be made using a grid system having looked at Frei Otto’s Munich Olympic stadium and the British pavilion at the Milan Expo. We then decided to use the Y as the viewing area, suspended between X. However, we wanted to maintain a single piece of material so we realised that the cut out piece of material in X, could be used to create Y, whilst remaining the contact points. This allowed us to create a pavilion form a single plane in Maya and then also a single piece of fabric in the box. Because we used X and Y, this shape could be remodelled in as little as 10 steps (X in 4 steps and Y in 6) with only 1 additional step for each one in comparison to the starting shape. Y is modelled upside down for the pavilion, X also has two extra cuts in it. The viewing pavilions would be made of a clear material similar to that of Frei Otto’s Stadium so that the users would be suspended in mid air. The secondary structure would be made of the same construction method but with a opaque material to provide cover for the people entering the museum. Users would enter the suspended shape through the legs of X, with holes cut into the fabric to enter viewing gallery. From here they will be able to see the city and look below through the transparent surface.
GROUP 13 // PAVILION DESIGN APPLICATION // SITE & DESIGN