Pig Pocketbook – 2018
Produced for you by: AHDB Stoneleigh Park Kenilworth Warwickshire CV8 2TL T 024 7669 2051 E comms@ahdb.org.uk W ahdb.pork.org.uk @TheAHDB This publication and its content is produced by the AHDB Market Intelligence team whose systems are certificated to ISO 9001:2015 If you no longer wish to receive this information, please email us on comms@ahdb.org.uk While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. Š Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2018. All rights reserved. Further publication of the trade data is prohibited, unless expressly permitted by IHS Maritime & Trade. ISBN 978-1-911181-01-9
Chain Contents – PigMarketing Pocketbook Chapter 1 – Marketing chain
4
Chapter 2 – Pig numbers
6
Chapter 3 – Feed prices
9
Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Figure 1.1 Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Figure 2.1 Table 2.3 Figure 2.2
UK pig meat supply balance EU pig meat supply balance UK product flows in the pig meat marketing chain in 2017 UK pig numbers, June survey UK female breeding pig herd and holding numbers, June survey Breeding sow numbers Breeding pig numbers by region, June survey Breeding pig numbers in the EU
4 4 5 6 6 7 7 8
Figure 3.1
Average pig compound feed prices, GB
9
Figure 3.2
Feed wheat and soya meal prices
9
Chapter 4 – Abattoirs Figure 4.1 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3
English pig abattoir numbers Abattoirs slaughtering pigs in England Size profile of all abattoirs slaughtering pigs in England, 2017 Size profile of specialist pig abattoirs in England, 2017
Chapter 5 – Slaughterings and production Table 5.1 Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Table 5.2 Figure 5.6 Figure 5.7 Figure 5.8 Figure 5.9
Pig slaughterings, UK Trends in UK clean pig slaughterings Weekly clean pig slaughter, UK Weekly sow culling, UK Average clean pig carcase weights, UK Pig meat production trends, UK Industry trends (productivity and production) Clean pig slaughterings: three-week rolling average, Germany Weekly sow slaughterings, Germany EU pig meat production, 2017 Average pig carcase weights in the EU, 2017
10 10 10 11 11
12 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 16 17 17
1
Contents Chapter 6 – Cost of production Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.3 Table 6.4 Table 6.5 Table 6.6 Figure 6.1 Figure 6.2 Figure 6.3 Figure 6.4 Figure 6.5
18
18 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 22 23 23
Chapter 7 – Technical performance data
24
Chapter 8 – Pig carcase classification
36
Table 7.1 Table 7.2 Table 7.3 Table 7.4 Table 7.5 Table 7.6 Table 7.7 Table 7.8 Table 7.9 Table 7.10 Table 7.11 Table 7.12 Table 7.13 Table 7.14 Table 7.15 Table 7.16 Figure 8.1 Figure 8.2 Figure 8.3 Figure 8.4 Figure 8.5 Figure 8.6
2
GB change in cost of production for change in feed price GB change in cost of production for different levels of pigs weaned per sow per year GB change in cost of production for different levels of feed conversion ratio GB change in cost of production for different levels of daily liveweight gain Average international costs of production in selected countries, 2011–2016 Summary of financial performance, 2016 Cost of production in selected countries, 2016 (cold weight) Changes in feed costs in selected countries Pigs finished per sow per year in selected countries Finishing daily liveweight gain (g/day) GB carcase meat per sow
Distribution of herd size in Agrosoft recorded breeding herds, 2010–2017 Trends in weaning age, 2010–2017 Results for all breeding herds, 2017 Trends in performance and feed costs in the breeding herd, 2010–2017 Breeding herd results by herd size, 2017 Breeding herd results by age at weaning, 2017 Comparison of results for outdoor and indoor breeding herds, 2017 Comparative results for indoor breeding herds, 2010–2017 Comparative results for outdoor breeding herds, 2010–2017 Overall rearing herd results, 2017 Trends in performance and feed costs in the rearing herd 2010–2017 Overall herd results ranked on daily liveweight gain, 2017 Overall finishing herd results, 2017 Trends in performance and feed costs in the finishing herd, 2010–2017 Analysis of pigs born, weaned and re-service rate by parity, 2017 Analysis of total services and returns by parity, 2017 Locations of probing on a pig carcase Distribution of the GB classified sample by carcase weight Average carcase weights of the GB collected sample Distribution of the classified sample in EC grade by weight band, 2017 Distribution of the GB classified sample by EC grade, 2017 Trends in P2 fat depth
24 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 33 34 34 35 35
37 38 39 39 40 40
Marketing Chain Contents Chapter 9 – Livestock and meat prices
41
Chapter 10 – Imports and exports
46
Chapter 11 – Consumption
55
Table 9.1 Table 9.2 Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2 Figure 9.3 Figure 9.4 Figure 9.5
Table 10.1 Table 10.2 Table 10.3 Table 10.4 Table 10.5 Table 10.6 Table 10.7 Table 10.8 Figure 10.1 Table 10.9 Table 10.10 Table 10.11 Table 10.12 Table 10.13
Table 11.1 Table 11.2 Figure 11.1 Figure 11.2 Figure 11.3 Figure 11.4 Figure 11.5 Figure 11.6 Figure 11.7 Figure 11.8 Figure 11.9
GB deadweight pig prices GB weaner prices GB average producer pig prices GB average weaner prices Producer retail price spreads UK and EU pig meat reference prices Global export prices for fresh/frozen pork Volume of total UK pig meat imports Value of total UK pig meat imports UK fresh/frozen pork imports by source UK bacon imports by source Volume of total UK pig meat exports Value of total UK pig meat exports Volume of UK fresh/frozen pork exports by destination Value of UK fresh/frozen pork exports by destination Map of UK fresh/frozen pork exports by destination Volume of UK pig offal exports by destination Value of UK pig offal exports by destination EU fresh/frozen pig meat exports to non-EU countries EU fresh/frozen pork exports by destination EU pig offal exports by destination UK per capita consumption of major meats GB retail value sales by type of outlet GB retailer shares of pork market by value, 2017 Trends in GB household pork purchases by volume Change in GB retail volume and value sales of pig meat products, 2017 GB volume sales of pig meat by product, 2017 Average GB retail price of pig meat products, 2017 Share of pig meat products sold on promotion in GB retail outlets Per capita consumption of pig meat in selected EU Member States, 2017 Percentage of product facings with British logo sold in the total GB market Percentage of product facings with Red Tractor quality standard mark sold in the total GB market
41 42 43 43 44 44 45
46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 51 51 52 53 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 60 60
3
Chapter 1 – Marketing chain Table 1.1 UK pig meat supply balance
‘000 tonnes
2014
Production
2015
2016
2017
2018(f)
863
900
919
901
931
1,065
1,092
1,066
1,075
1,060
Fresh/frozen**
513
534
508
524
510
Bacon
300
294
284
257
240
Processed
252
264
274
293
310
233
237
251
264
278
Total consumption
1,578
1,755
1,734
1,712
1,713
Self-sufficiency (%)
54.7
51.3
53.0
52.6
54.3
Domestically used production as a % of consumption
39.9
37.8
38.5
37.2
38.1
Imports
Exports
*2016 figures converted to a 52 week year. Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016 f = Forecast **Fresh/frozen pork imports estimated based on export data for the UK’s seven largest suppliers Total consumption is a balance calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports - exports Self-sufficiency (%) = production/consumption (where consumption is production + imports – exports) All data is carcase weight equivalent Source: Defra, IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC, Statistics Germany, Agentia Tributaria, CSO Ireland, AHDB
Table 1.2 EU pig meat supply balance
‘000 tonnes Net production Imports
2014
2015
2016(e)
2017(f)
2018(f)
22,568
23,276
23,319
23,242
23,289
14
11
12
12
13
Exports
1,947
2,217
2,795
2,543
2,492
Consumption
20,600
21,050
20,526
20,703
20,801
Self-sufficiency (%)
109.6
110.6
113.6
112.3
112.0
All data is carcase weight equivalent e = Estimate f = Forecast Source: EU Commission 4
Pig slaughterings 10.65 million head £1,643 million
Total available for consumption 1,71 million tonnes
Total - £2,531million Pork - £937 million(a) Bacon - £561 million Processed - £1,034 million
a = Includes pork imports that are subsequently cured in the United Kingdom Fresh/frozen pork imports estimated based on export data for the UK’s seven largest suppliers Volumes are carcase weight equivalent Source: Defra, IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC, Statistics Germany, Agentia Tributaria, CSO Ireland, AHDB
Total - £391 million Pork - £294 million Bacon - £54 million Processed - £43 million
Wholesalers/depots/ traders
Live pig imports 507,817 £61.1 million
Meat Imports Total - 1,075,000 tonnes Pork - 524,000 tonnes(a) Bacon - 257,000 tonnes Processed - 293,000 tonnes
Deadweight sales 10.6 million head £1,638 million
Slaughtered production 900,800 tonnes
Liveweight sales 0.4% 0.04 million head £5 million
Meat exports Total - 263,600 tonnes Pork - 227,900 tonnes Bacon - 22,600 tonnes Processed - 13,100 tonnes
Live pig exports 2,277 head £0.1 million
Figure 1.1 UK product flows in the pig meat marketing chain in 2017
Marketingchain Chain Marketing
5
Chapter 2 – Pig numbers Table 2.1 UK pig numbers, June survey
'000 head
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Sows in pig
284
282
285
295
297
Gilts in pig
66
57
56
55
55
Other sows
70
67
66
65
64
Total breeding sows
421
406
408
415
417
Gilts for breeding
86
80
85
79
81
Boars for service
15
14
15
15
14
Feeding pigs
4,363
4,315
4,232
4,356
4,457
Total pigs
4,885
4,815
4,739
4,866
4,969
Source: Defra
Table 2.2 UK female breeding pig herd and holding numbers, June survey
Breeding pigs (‘000 head)
Number of holdings (‘000)
Average breeding herd size (head)
2005
470
6.8
69
2006
468
6.2
76
2007
455
6.1
74
2008
421
6.1
75
2009
426
5.8
78
2010
427
6.0
71
2011
432
6.0
72
2012
425
6.1
70
2013
421
6.0
70
2014
406
6.0
68
2015
408
6.6
62
2016
415
6.0
69
2017
417
n/a
n/a
2000
6
610
7.2
85
Census methodology changed in June 2010 and, as a result, smaller units were omitted from the survey. n/a = not available Source: Defra
Marketing Chain Pig numbers Figure 2.1 Breeding sow numbers Number ('000 head) 440 430
432
427
425
423
420
421
415
409
410
400
400
406
417 409
407
Jun Dec 16 16
Jun Dec 17 17
408 401
398 390
390 380 370 360
Jun Dec 10 10
Jun Dec 11 11
Jun Dec 12 12
Jun Dec 13 13
Jun Dec 14 14
Jun Dec 15 15
Source: Defra
Table 2.3 Breeding pig numbers by region, June survey
%
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
England
83.1
82.0
81.5
81.8
81.4
Wales
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
Scotland
6.7
7.2
7.5
7.1
7.1
Northern Ireland
9.2
9.8
10.3
10.3
10.7
Please note that totals may not add up to 100% because of rounding Source: Defra
7
Pig numbers Figure 2.2 Breeding pig numbers in the EU Number ('000 head) 2,750 2,500 2,250 2,000 1,750 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 500
Dec-16
Source: Eurostat
8
Dec-17
Romania
Belgium
United Kingdom
Italy
Poland
France
Netherlands
Denmark
Germany
0
Spain
250
Chain Chapter 3 –Marketing Feed prices Figure 3.1 Average pig compound feed prices, GB Price (£/tonne) 300 280
278
260
249
240
232
220
232
231
2017
Qtr 1
232
233
232
213
200 180
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source: Defra
Qtr 2 Qtr 3 2017
Qtr 4
Figure 3.2 Feed wheat and soya meal prices Price (£/tonne) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Jan 16
Jul 16
Feed wheat (Nearby Futures)
Jan 17
Jul 17
Jan 18
Soya meal Brazilian (48%) ex-store Liverpool
Source: AHDB
9
Chapter 4 – Abattoirs Figure 4.1 English pig abattoir numbers Number 200
185
180 160
147
140
124
120
116
118
2015
2016
112
100 80 60 40 20 0
2000
2005
2010
2017
Source: AHDB data based on abattoirs operating in the calendar year
Table 4.1 Abattoirs slaughtering pigs in England
Abattoir numbers
Of which specialist pig abattoir numbers
Average annual throughput (head)
2000
185
24
53,003
2005
147
15
48,620
2010
124
15
59,237
2015
116
14
77,299
2016
118
14
76,339
2017
112
15
77,723
Source: AHDB data based on abattoirs operating in the calendar year 10
Marketing Chain Abattoirs Table 4.2 Size profile of all abattoirs slaughtering pigs in England, 2017
Number of abattoirs
Total throughput (head)
Average throughput (head)
Share of throughput (%)
1–10,000
77
214,203
2,782
2.5
10,001–30,000
16
263,581
16,474
3.0
30,001–100,000
8
391,764
48,971
4.5
100,001–500,000
3
697,783
232,594
8.0
> 500,001
8
7,137,687
892,211
82.0
112
8,705,018
77,723
100.0
Size group (head)
Total
Source: AHDB data based on abattoirs operating in the calendar year
Table 4.3 Size profile of specialist pig abattoirs in England, 2017
Size group (head)
Number of abattoirs
Total throughput (head)
Average throughput (head)
Share of throughput (%)
1–100,000
6
60,673
10,112
0.9
100,001+
9
6,393,808
710,423
99.1
Total
15
6,454,481
430,299
100.0
Note: Specialist pig abattoirs are defined as plants where 95 per cent of slaughterings are pigs Source: AHDB data based on abattoirs operating in the calendar year
The eFoodChainMap from AHDB is an interactive UK map which plots a range of information, including the location of abattoirs, auction markets, meat processors and meat traders using colour coded pins. The map can be accessed at the website: www.emap.org.uk/map.aspx 11
Chapter 5 – Slaughterings and production Table 5.1 Pig slaughterings, UK
'000 head
Sows and boars
Clean pigs
Total pigs
2000
321
12,370
12,692
2005
202
8,971
9,173
2010*
225
9,411
9,635
2015
245
10,627
10,872
2016**
257
10,733
10,990
2017
228
10,420
10,648
Note: *53-week statistical year **Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016 Source: Defra
Figure 5.1 Trends in UK clean pig slaughterings Number ('000 head) 14,000 12,000
12,370
10,000
8,791
9,411
10,627
10,733
10,420
8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0
2000
2005
2010*
*53-week statistical year **Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016 Source: Defra
12
2015
2016**
2017
Marketing Chain Slaughterings and production Figure 5.2 Weekly clean pig slaughter, UK Number ('000 head) 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100
Jan
Feb
2016
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2017
Source: AHDB, Defra
Figure 5.3 Weekly sow culling, UK Number ('000 head) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Jan
Feb
Mar
2016 2017 Source: AHDB, Defra
Apr
May
Oct
Nov
Dec
13
Slaughterings and production Figure 5.4 Average clean pig carcase weights, UK Weight (kg) 84
81.3
82 80
82.1
83.2
2016
2017
78.4
78 75.2
76 74 72
70.8
70 68 66
2000
2005
2010
2015
Source: Defra
Figure 5.5 Pig meat production trends, UK Weight ('000 tonnes) 1,000 923.1
900.3
900
800
14
900.8
772.3 705.6
700
600
919.2
2000
2005
2010*
*53-week statistical year **Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016 Source: Defra
2015
2016**
2017
Marketing Chain Slaughterings and production Table 5.2 Industry trends (productivity and production)
2000
2005
2010**
2015
2016***
2017
UK average sow productivity(a) Pigs per sow
19.0
17.7
20.2
25.4
25.9
25.6
Pig meat per sow (kg)
1,345
1,331
1,587
2,066
2,126
2,129
12,370
8,971
9,411
10,627
10,733
10,420
ACW* (kg)
70.8
75.2
78.4
81.3
82.1
83.2
= clean pig production ('000 tonnes)
875
674
738
864
881
868
Sow/boar slaughter ('000 head)
321
202
225
245
257
228
148.4
155.5
154.5
146.5
146.0
145.4
= sow/boar meat production ('000 tonnes)
48
31
35
36
38
33
Total pig meat production ('000 tonnes)
923
706
772
900
919
901
Slaughterings and production Clean pig slaughter ('000 head)
ACW* (kg)
*ACW = average carcase weight **53-week statistical year ***Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016 Production volumes are carcase weight equivalent (a) NOT survey results. Based on relationship between clean pig slaughter and lagged breeding herd Source: AHDB, Defra
15
Slaughterings and production Figure 5.6 Clean pig slaughterings: three-week rolling average, Germany Number ('000 head) 1,100 1.050 1,000 950 900 850 800 750
Jan
Feb
2016
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2017
Source: AMI
Figure 5.7 Weekly sow slaughterings, Germany Number ('000 head) 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6
Jan 2016
Source: AMI 16
Feb
Mar 2017
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Marketing Chain Slaughterings and production Figure 5.8 EU pig meat production, 2017 Weight ('000 tonnes) 6,000
5,455
5,000 4,249
3,000 1,467
1,453
Source: Eurostat
Netherlands
Italy
Denmark
Poland
France
Spain
0
Germany
1,000
1,045
901
505 Austria
1,544
United Kingdom
2,000
2,535 1,990
Belgium
2177
Others
4,000
Figure 5.9 Average pig carcase weights in the EU, 2017 Weight (kg) 140 130
128.9
94.3
93.0
90
91.4
90.2
88.4
85.6
84.6
France
95.4
United Kingdom
96.0
Spain
98.1
100
Denmark
110
Poland
120
80
Hungary
Germany
Belgium
Netherlands
Source: Eurostat
Austria
60
Italy
70
17
Chapter 6 – Cost of production Table 6.1 GB change in cost of production for change in feed price
Feed type
Base CoP Feed (p/dw kg) price + £5
Feed price + £10
Feed price + £15
Feed price + £20
Sow feed
143.6
143.9
144.2
144.6
144.9
Rearing feed
143.6
143.9
144.2
144.6
144.9
Finishing feed
143.6
144.8
146.0
147.3
148.5
CoP = cost of production Source: AHDB
Table 6.2 GB change in cost of production for different levels of pigs weaned per sow per year
Bottom third
Average
Pigs weaned per sow per year
22.3
25.5
29.0
CoP (p/dw kg)
149.9
144.0
139.0
CoP = cost of production Source: AHDB
18
Top third
Chain CostMarketing of production Table 6.3 GB change in cost of production for different levels of feed conversion ratio
Bottom third
Average
Top third
Rearing FCR
1.97
1.77
1.55
CoP (p/dw kg)
145.6
143.6
141.2
Finishing FCR
3.40
2.86
2.47
CoP (p/dw kg)
154.0
143.6
136.3
Combined FCR
2.72
2.36
2.16
CoP (p/dw kg)
150.8
140.3
134.4
CoP = cost of production FCR = feed conversion ratio Source: AHDB
Table 6.4 GB change in cost of production for different levels of daily liveweight gain
Rearing DLWG (g/day) CoP (p/dw kg) Finishing DLWG (g/day) CoP (p/dw kg) Combined DLWG (g/day) CoP (p/dw kg)
Bottom third
Average
Top third
397
516
583
144.5
143.5
143.2
704
833
955
144.6
143.6
142.8
583
703
821
145.6
143.7
142.4
CoP = cost of production DLWG = daily liveweight gain Source: AHDB 19
Cost of production Table 6.5 Average international costs of production in selected countries, 2011–2016
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
(% change)
Austria
1.47
1.46
1.54
1.35
1.16
1.31
13
Belgium
1.41
1.42
1.48
1.26
1.08
1.17
8
Brazil (MT)
1.03
0.95
0.96
0.84
0.70
0.91
30
Brazil (SC)
1.18
1.19
1.13
1.04
0.87
1.16
34
Canada
1.13
1.18
1.20
0.98
0.92
1.01
10
Denmark
1.39
1.37
1.44
1.24
1.09
1.16
6
Finland
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.35
1.17
1.30
11
France
1.44
1.39
1.49
1.29
1.10
1.20
9
Germany
1.55
1.49
1.56
1.33
1.15
1.25
9
Great Britain
1.51
1.55
1.61
1.41
1.33
1.26
-5
Ireland
1.50
1.47
1.63
1.40
1.25
1.32
5
Italy
1.70
1.61
1.71
1.58
1.34
1.50
12
Netherlands
1.40
1.36
1.50
1.32
1.18
1.29
9
Spain
1.40
1.34
1.39
1.20
1.06
1.13
6
Sweden
1.71
1.70
1.77
1.47
1.27
1.39
9
USA
1.01
1.08
1.04
0.83
0.80
0.86
7
EU
1.50
1.47
1.56
1.35
1.18
1.27
8
MT = Mato Grosso SC = Santa Catarina n/a = not applicable Source: InterPIG
20
2016/15
ÂŁ/kg dw
Chain CostMarketing of production Table 6.6 Summary of financial performance, 2016
GB
EU average
Feed
0.75
0.75
Other variable costs
0.22
0.21
Total variable costs
0.98
0.96
Labour
0.13
0.12
Depreciation and finance
0.16
0.19
Total fixed costs
0.29
0.31
Total
1.26
1.27
ÂŁ/kg dw
Source: InterPIG
Figure 6.1 Cost of production in selected countries, 2016 (cold weight) Price (ÂŁ/kg) 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40
Feed Depreciation and finance MT = Mato Grosso SC = Santa Catarina Source: InterPIG
EU Average
USA
Sweden
Spain
Italy
Other variable costs UK average price
Netherlands
Republic of Ireland
Great Britain
France
Germany
Finland
Denmark
Canada
Brazil (SC)
Brazil (MT)
Austria
0.00
Belgium
0.20
Labour EU average price
21
Cost of production Figure 6.2 Changes in feed costs in selected countries Price (ÂŁ/kg) 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40
Denmark
Finland
Brazil (MT)
USA
Belgium
Netherlands
Denmark
Canada
Germany
Germany
Netherlands
France
Austria
Sweden
Belgium
Spain
2015
MT = Mato Grosso Source: InterPIG
Great Britain
2016
Ireland
Brazil (SC)
0.00
Italy
0.20
SC = Santa Catarina
Figure 6.3 Pigs finished per sow per year in selected countries No. of pigs finished per sow 35 30 25 20 15 10
2016
22
2015
MT = Mato Grosso Source: InterPIG
SC = Santa Catarina
Ireland
France
Brazil (SC)
Finland
Brazil (MT)
Spain
Sweden
Austria
USA
Great Britain
Italy
0
Canada
5
Chain CostMarketing of production Figure 6.4 Finishing daily liveweight gain (g/day) Liveweight gain (g/day) 1,000 800 600 400 200
Finland
Denmark
Sweden
Canada
Ireland
Great Britain
Brazil (MT)
USA
Germany
Brazil (SC)
France
Netherlands
2015
Austria
Italy
2016
Spain
Belgium
0
MT = Mato Grosso SC = Santa Catarina Source: InterPIG Source: InterPIG
Figure 6.5 GB carcase meat per sow Weight per year (kg/year) 1,950 1,900 1,850 1,800 1,750 1,700 1,650 1,600 1,550
2011
MT = Mato Grosso Source: InterPIG
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
SC = Santa Catarina 23
Chapter 7 – Technical performance data Table 7.1 Distribution of herd size in Agrosoft recorded breeding herds, 2010–2017 Sow size group (head)
% of herds 2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
100–249
16
14
11
10
13
250–499
26
26
25
26
23
500–749
29
28
29
25
750–999
15
17
18
20
1,000–1,499
12
11
13
1,500–3,000
2
4
4
>3,000 Total
2016
2017
11
9
13
26
25
24
29
27
25
25
10
13
17
15
17
20
19
19
8
2
5
4
4
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Totals may not add up to 100 because data have been rounded up Source: AgroSoft Ltd
Table 7.2 Trends in weaning age, 2010–2017 Age at weaning (days)
% of herds 2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
<19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20-25
29
27
29
49
37
34
28
10
26-32
68
69
68
48
60
63
68
85
33-39
1
1
1
1
3
3
4
4
>39
2
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Totals may not add up to 100 because data have been rounded up Source: AgroSoft Ltd
24
Marketing Chain Technical performance data Table 7.3 Results for all breeding herds, 2017
Average*
Top third*
Top 10%*
Average number sows and gilts
757
686
946
Average number unserved gilts
73
67
170
Replacement rate (%)
51.6
58.2
66.1
Sow sales and deaths (%)
53.2
57.8
64.0
Sow mortality (%)
5.4
6.0
7.4
Successful services (%)
84.2
88.0
90.8
Litters per sow per year**
2.3
2.4
2.4
17.6
12.4
11.1
Alive
12.8
13.8
14.3
Dead
0.6
0.7
0.7
Mummified
0.2
0.2
0.2
Total
13.5
14.7
15.2
Pigs born alive per sow per year
30.6
34.6
36.3
Pre-weaning mortality (%)
12.5
11.0
10.7
Pigs weaned per litter
11.2
12.3
12.7
Pigs weaned per sow per year**
25.5
29.0
30.4
Average weight of weaned pig (kg)
7.2
7.2
7.0
Average weaning age (days)
26.6
26.7
26.1
Sow feed per sow per year (tonnes)
1.39
1.31
1.19
Feed per pig weaned (kg)
50.9
45.9
36.9
Herd structure
Sow performance
Non-productive days per litter
#
Pigs born per litter
Feed usage##
*Selected on the basis of pigs weaned per sow per year **Per sow data excludes unserved gilts. # Non-productive days excludes gestation, lactation and a six-day weaning to service interval ## Per sow data includes unserved gilts Source: AgroSoft Ltd 25
Technical performance data Table 7.4 Trends in performance and feed costs in the breeding herd, 2010â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2017 2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Average number sows and gilts
605
682
580
591
714
697
740
757
Sow sales and deaths (%)
49.2
47.6
51.5
53.3
51.6
58.7
52.5
53.2
Sow mortality (%)
3.6
3.3
3.6
4.6
4.5
5.2
4.9
5.4
Litters per sow per year*
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
Pigs born alive per litter
11.2
11.4
11.5
11.8
12.1
12.2
12.4
12.8
Pre-weaning mortality (%)
12.7
12.6
12.7
13.1
12.7
12.4
12.7
12.5
Pigs weaned per litter
9.8
10.0
10.1
10.3
10.5
10.7
10.8
11.2
Pigs weaned per sow per year*
22.1
22.5
22.9
23.5
23.9
24.1
24.6
25.5
Average weaning age (days)
26.7
26.4
26.7
26.4
26.3
26.4
26.6
26.6
1.23
1.17
1.28
1.53
1.40
1.47
1.42
1.39
Herd structure
Sow performance
Sow feed Sow feed per sow per year (tonnes)#
Sow feed cost per 162.87 207.63 207.72 238.02 199.60 184.77 182.02 206.72 tonne (ÂŁ)## *Per sow data excludes unserved gilts # Per sow data includes unserved gilts from 2013 ## Per tonne compound feed cost from AHDB since 2014 (weighted indoor, outdoor, dry and lactating) Source: AgroSoft Ltd
26
Marketing Chain Technical performance data Table 7.5 Breeding herd results by herd size, 2017 100– 249
250– 499
500– 749
750– 999
Average number sows and gilts
198
416
680
974
1387
2515
Average number in-pig gilts
29
75
110
161
201
350
Average number unserved gilts
17
25
53
70
144
222
Replacement rate (%)
50.0
48.4
52.9
49.4
51.9
54.5
Sow sales and deaths (%)
52.3
50.2
52.6
50.8
54.3
56.8
Sow mortality (%)
4.2
5.0
5.6
4.5
5.4
6.7
Successful services (%)
82.6
84.3
84.9
81.3
84.4
86.7
Non-productive days per litter#
20.0
18.7
15.4
20.2
17.3
17.1
Litters per sow per year*
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
Alive
12.5
13.1
13.0
12.3
12.6
13.2
Dead
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.6
Mummified
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Total
13.4
14.0
13.8
12.8
13.2
13.9
Pigs born alive per sow per year
29.9
31.8
31.4
28.3
30.4
32.1
Pre-weaning mortality (%)
12.8
11.6
11.0
12.4
13.6
13.1
Pigs weaned per litter
10.9
11.6
11.6
10.7
10.9
11.5
Pigs weaned per sow per year* Average weight of weaned pig (kg) Average weaning age (days)
24.3
26.3
26.8
23.8
24.9
26.4
Number of sows
1,000– >1,500 1,500
Herd structure
Sow performance
Pigs born per litter:
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.0
30.3
27.4
26.7
26.8
26.0
26.0
1.25
1.31
1.39
1.42
1.50
1.21
66.9
48.9
56.5
53.4
50.0
42.9
Feed usage## Sow feed per sow per year (tonnes) Feed per pig weaned (kg)
*Per sow data excludes unserved gilts # Non-productive days excludes gestation, lactation and a six-day weaning to service interval ## Per sow data includes unserved gilts Data includes both indoor and outdoor herds Source: AgroSoft Ltd
27
Technical performance data Table 7.6 Breeding herd results by age at weaning, 2017 Age at weaning
Less than 26 days Top third
Top 10%
Avg.
Top third
Top 10%
Herd structure Average number sows and gilts
26 days+
Avg. 1,050
1,043
1,938
768
689
848
Average number in-pig gilts
177
213
445
114
103
118
Average number unserved gilts
135
155
261
55
55
62
Replacement rate (%)
57.6
66.4
72.2
49.4
55.0
61.6
Sow sales and deaths (%)
58.8
64.5
69.5
51.2
55.1
59.8
Sow mortality (%)
5.6
6.5
7.4
5.3
5.7
7.5
Successful services (%)
85.2
87.5
72.2
83.9
88.1
91.2
Non-productive days per litter#
17.2
12.7
11.4
17.8
12.4
10.9
Litters per sow per year*
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
Alive
12.9
13.9
14.3
12.7
13.8
14.2
Dead
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.8
Mummified
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
Total
13.7
14.7
15.1
13.4
14.7
15.2
Pigs born per sow per year
31.8
35.1
36.7
30.2
34.4
36.0
Pre-weaning mortality (%)
13.2
11.7
12.2
12.2
10.6
9.6
Pigs weaned per litter
11.2
12.2
12.5
11.1
12.3
12.9
Pigs weaned per sow per year* Average weight of weaned pig (kg) Average weaning age (days)
26.1
29.3
30.4
25.3
28.9
30.4
6.9
6.7
6.4
7.3
7.3
7.4
24.4
24.3
23.7
27.4
27.6
28.0
1.37
1.21
1.13
1.40
1.41
1.34
53.7
41.7
37.9
49.9
48.2
35.9
Sow performance
Pigs born per litter:
Feed usage## Sow feed per sow per year (tonnes) Feed per pig weaned (kg)
*Per sow data excludes unserved gilts # Non-productive days excludes gestation, lactation and a six-day weaning to service interval ## Per sow data includes unserved gilts Data includes both indoor and outdoor herds 28 Source: AgroSoft Ltd
Marketing Chain Technical performance data Table 7.7 Comparison of results for outdoor and indoor breeding herds, 2017 Herd structure Average number sows and gilts
Outdoor herds
Indoor herds
1,011
721
Average number in-pig gilts
145
118
Average number unserved gilts
99
60
Replacement rate (%)
47.7
54.8
Sow sales and deaths (%)
50.3
55.6
Sow mortality (%)
4.3
6.3
Sow performance Successful services (%)
83.6
84.8
Non-productive days per litter#
18.45
16.91
Litters per sow per year*
2.28
2.3
Alive
12.11
13.3
Dead
0.43
0.79
Mummified
0.22
0.23
Total
12.54
14.26
Pigs born per sow per year
28.56
32.41
Pre-weaning mortality (%)
13.1
12.0
Pigs weaned per litter
10.52
11.7
Pigs weaned per sow per year*
23.97
26.8
Average weight of weaned pig (kg)
7.27
7.22
Average weaning age (days)
26.34
26.71
Sow feed per sow per year (t)
1.463
1.299
Feed per pig weaned (kg)
58.69
42.31
Sow feed cost per tonne (ÂŁ)
205.12
207.78
Pigs born per litter:
Feed usage##
Feed costs##
*Per sow data excludes unserved gilts # Non-productive days excludes gestation, lactation and a six-day weaning to service interval ## Per sow data includes unserved gilts Source: AgroSoft Ltd 29
95 47.6 41.5 1.4
Sow replacements (%)
Sow sales and deaths (%)
Sow mortality (%)
2.3
Litters per sow per year**
23.0 7.4 27.0 1.17 51.2 164.32
Pigs weaned per sow per year**
Average weight of weaned pig (kg)
Average weaning age (days)
Sow feed per sow per year (tonnes)
Feed per pig weaned (kg)
Sow feed cost per tonne (ÂŁ)
Feed costs###
Feed usage##
10.2
Pigs weaned per litter
12.6
Total 12.2
1.0
Dead***
Pre-weaning mortality (%)
11.6
Alive
Pigs born per litter:
19.9
Non-productive days per litter#
Sow performance
492
Average number unserved gilts
2010
215.23
46.1
1.06
27.0
7.5
23.4
10.4
12.8
12.9
1.1
11.9
2.3
20.8
2.9
47.9
49.2
37
586
2011
210.28
49.8
1.22
26.9
7.4
24.1
10.6
12.4
13.1
1.1
12.1
2.3
18.9
3.2
52.9
51.8
37
481
2012
212.31
50.2
1.48
26.9
7.3
24.9
10.8
12.3
13.2
0.9
12.4
2.3
16.2
5.2
55.4
53.0
85
549
2013
201.94
47.3
1.35
26.6
7.1
25.7
11.2
11.5
13.5
0.7
12.6
2.3
16.9
5.2
54.0
52.9
36
598
2014
186.15
51.2
1.35
26.4
7.2
26.0
11.3
11.5
13.7
0.7
12.8
2.3
17.4
6.2
62.3
52.4
28
592
2015
183.38
48.3
1.27
26.7
7.3
26.2
11.5
11.8
13.9
0.8
13.0
2.3
17.3
6.0
57.2
53.6
62
703
2016
n/a
50.0
1.44
27.0
7.4
28.6
12.1
10.1
14.4
0.7
13.5
2.4
12.6
5.9
58.9
55.3
59
Top third* 673
207.78
42.3
1.30
26.7
7.2
26.8
11.7
12.0
14.3
0.8
13.3
2.3
16.9
6.3
55.6
54.8
60
661
2017
n/a
41.8
1.29
26.5
7.1
29.6
12.5
11.1
5.0
0.8
14.1
2.4
12.0
6.6
59.1
61.0
89
Top third* 770
*Selected on basis of pigs weaned per sow per year **Excludes unserved gilts *** Includes mummified pigs born # Non-productive days excludes gestation, lactation and a six-day weaning to service interval ## Per sow data includes unserved gilts ### Per tonne compound feed cost from AHDB since 2014 (weighted dry and lactating) n/a = not applicable Source: AgroSoft Ltd
30
Average number sows and gilts
Herd structure
Technical performance data
Table 7.8 Comparative results for indoor breeding herds, 2010â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2017
45 39.2 38.6 1.1
Sow replacements (%)
Sow sales and deaths (%)
Sow mortality (%)
2.2
Litters per sow per year**
9.3 21.0 7.0 26.0
Pigs weaned per sow per year**
Average weight of weaned pig (kg)
Average weaning age (days)
160.34
Feed per pig weaned (kg)
Sow feed cost per tonne (ÂŁ)
194.44
63.0
1.3
27.0
7.9
21.3
9.5
12.4
11.4
0.5
10.8
2.2
21.0
3.5
47.0
52.4
84
771
2011
204.31
64.3
1.4
26.5
7.7
21.7
9.6
13.0
11.6
0.5
11.0
2.3
19.9
4.0
49.1
51.3
70
676
2012
226.82
76.1
1.6
25.8
7.0
21.7
9.6
14.0
11.6
0.4
11.1
2.3
19.4
3.4
46.7
52.9
66
932
2013
196.10
72.5
1.5
26.1
7.0
21.8
9.8
14.2
11.9
0.5
11.4
2.2
21.5
3.8
48.5
51.0
55
928
2014
182.72
75.5
1.7
26.4
6.9
22.1
9.9
13.4
11.9
0.4
11.5
2.2
23.0
4.2
54.7
48.9
30
867
2015
179.98
67.9
1.6
26.5
7.3
22.8
10.1
13.8
12.1
0.5
11.7
2.3
19.7
3.8
48.6
50.0
91
959
2016
n/a
65.9
1.6
25.8
7.3
24.6
10.6
13.0
12.8
0.6
12.2
2.3
16.0
4.0
47.3
53.2
111
Top third * 870
205.12
58.7
1.5
26.3
7.3
24.0
10.5
13.1
12.5
0.4
12.1
2.3
18.5
4.3
50.3
47.7
99
912
2017
n/a
57.7
1.6
25.7
7.6
26.3
11.2
12.2
13.3
0.6
12.7
2.4
13.5
5.1
52.4
51.8
87
Top third * 860
*Selected on basis of pigs weaned per sow per year **Excludes unserved gilts ***Includes mummified pigs born # Non-productive days excludes gestation, lactation and a six-day weaning to service interval ## Per sow data includes unserved gilts ### Per tonne compound feed cost from AHDB since 2014 (weighted dry and lactating) n/a = not applicable Source: AgroSoft Ltd
Feed costs###
1.3 64.5
Sow feed per sow per year (tonnes)
Feed usage##
13.1
11.3
Total
Pigs weaned per litter
0.5
Dead***
Pre-weaning mortality (%)
10.7
Alive
Pigs born per litter:
19.2
Non-productive days per litter#
Sow performance
735
Average number unserved gilts
2010
Average number sows and gilts
Herd structure
Marketing Chain Technical performance data
Table 7.9 Comparative results for outdoor breeding herds, 2010â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2017
31
Technical performance data Table 7.10 Overall rearing herd results, 2017
Average
Top third*
Top 10%*
2,406
2,132
1,356
7.4
7.5
7.2
37.5
34.3
31.9
3.8
2.9
2.6
Herd structure Average number of pigs Pig performance Average weight of pigs at start (kg) Average weight of pigs produced (kg) Rearing mortality (%) Feed conversion ratio
1.8
1.6
1.4
Daily gain (g)
516
568
558
Days in herd
60
50
44
*Selected on feed conversion ratio Source: AgroSoft Ltd
Table 7.11 Trends in performance and feed costs in the rearing herd, 2010â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2017
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Herd structure Average number of pigs
Pig performance Average weight of pigs at start (kg) Average weight of pigs produced (kg) Rearing mortality (%)
3,345
1,984
2,237
2,607
2,523
2,983
2,195
2,406
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.4
34.6
36.8
35.9
31.5
37.1
36.9
36.8
37.5 3.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
4.0
2.8
2.8
3.6
Feed conversion ratio
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.8
Daily gain (g)
486
489
489
479
502
463
484
516
Feed usage and costs* Feed cost per tonne (ÂŁ) 297.11 261.95 346.89 352.17 282.15 252.56 249.25 273.01
32
*Per tonne compound feed cost from AHDB since 2014 Source: AgroSoft Ltd
516
58
Daily gain (g)
Days in herd
58
583
1.76
3.3
41.6
7.6
2,486
58
631
1.84
4.1
44.2
7.6
2,692
87
833
2.86
2.8
110.9
38.1
1,769
Average
75
944
2.59
2.2
110.0
38.9
1,757
Top Third
* Rearing; Feeding; and Combined rearing/feeding do not necessarily directly correspond Source: AgroSoft Ltd
3.8
1.77
Feed conversion ratio
37.5
Average weight of pigs produced (kg)
Mortality (%)
7.4
2,406
Average weight of pigs at start (kg)
Pig performance
Average number of pigs
Herd structure
Average
Feeding
Top Third
Top 10%
Rearing
77
991
2.64
2.0
110.6
34.7
1,278
Top 10%
146
703
2.36
4.2
109.9
7.6
3,857
Average
130
819
2.31
3.3
114.1
7.8
3,041
Top Third
125
852
2.33
3.0
114.6
7.8
3,457
Top 10%
Combined rearing/feeding*
Marketing Chain Technical performance data
Table 7.12 Overall herd results ranked on daily liveweight gain, 2017
33
Technical performance data Table 7.13 Overall finishing herd results, 2017
Average
Top third*
Top 10%*
3,857
5,053
3,852
7.6
7.6
7.3
109.9
111.6
109.0
4.2
4.1
5.6
Herd structure Average number of pigs Pig performance Average weight of pigs at start (kg) Average weight of pigs produced (kg) Rearing mortality (%) Feed conversion ratio
2.4
2.2
2.0
Daily gain (g)
703
728
649
Days in herd
149
145
159
*Selected on feed conversion ratio Source: AgroSoft Ltd
Table 7.14 Trends in performance and feed costs in the finishing herd, 2010â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2017
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Herd structure Average number of pigs
1,788
Pig performance Average weight of pigs 38.0 at start (kg) Average weight of pigs 103.9 produced (kg) Rearing mortality (%) 3.0
2,066
1,764
1,660
1,733
1,828
1,554
1,769
39.8
38.4
38.9
35.0
37.2
36.3
38.1
103.0
102.7
99.4
106.1
107.9
109.8
110.9 2.8
2.9
2.5
3.1
3.2
2.7
3.0
Feed conversion ratio
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.9
Daily gain (g)
766
784
822
786
801
817
850
833
Feed usage and costs* Feed cost per tonne (ÂŁ) 177.46 261.83 241.52 248.06 231.70 205.56 198.78 220.04
34
*Per tonne compound feed cost from AHDB since 2014 Source: AgroSoft Ltd
Marketing Chain Technical performance data Table 7.15 Analysis of pigs born, weaned and re-service rate by parity, 2017
Born alive Born dead per litter per litter
Total born Weaned inc. per litter mummified
Weaned per sow per year
Parity
% of total
Gilt
24.2
12.2
0.5
12.8
11.4
2
19.8
12.7
0.5
13.2
11.5
26.5
3
16.6
13.3
0.6
14.0
11.4
26.4
4
14.0
13.3
0.7
14.1
11.1
25.7
5
11.4
13.1
0.8
14.0
10.9
25.2
6
8.1
12.8
0.8
13.7
10.6
24.3
7
2.7
12.3
0.9
13.3
10.4
23.5
8
2.0
11.8
0.8
12.8
10.1
22.7
9
0.7
11.4
0.9
12.4
10.0
22.2
10
0.3
10.9
0.8
11.9
9.7
21.6
11< 13
0.3
10.7
0.9
11.7
9.7
21.5
26.0
Source: AgroSoft Ltd
Table 7.16 Analysis of total services and returns by parity, 2017
Percentage share of dead and culled
Parity
% of total
Farrowing rate %
Re-service rate %
Farrowing index
Gilt
24.2
86.0
6.7
170.4
2
19.8
82.6
8.0
160.6
10.8
3
16.6
85.0
6.8
157.9
9.1
4
14.0
85.3
6.3
158.4
9.9
5
11.4
85.3
5.6
159.5
11.6
6
8.1
84.0
5.6
160.6
12.9
7
2.7
82.6
6.5
162.7
11.5
8
2.0
81.0
8.4
165.5
8.6
9
0.7
79.7
8.7
166.8
4.9
10
0.3
76.6
11.0
169.0
3.1
11< 13
0.3
77.7
12.0
166.3
2.4
Source: AgroSoft Ltd
12.8
35
Chapter 8 – Pig carcase classification The Meat and Livestock Commercial Services Ltd (MLSCL) Independent Authentication Service Christine Walsh, Managing Director
The information provided by MLCSL’s Pig Carcase Authentication Service is used widely as the basis for transactions between producers and slaughterers. The current service, which incorporates all of the mandatory requirements of the EU Pig Carcase Grading Scheme, was introduced in Great Britain in 2010. The service provides pig slaughterers with technically trained MLCSL staff who independently establish all of the important criteria for trade between pig suppliers and abattoirs.
Methods and Probes MLCSL offers all methods of pig carcase classification for the prediction of lean meat percentage in accordance with EU legislation. Each method involves taking carcase measurements with EU approved equipment at specified positions on each carcase.
The Service Includes
• Hennessey Grading Probe (HGP)
Identification – Carcases are individually serial numbered and the slap marks are read and recorded to identify each consignment of pigs. The Pigs (Records, Identification and Movement) Order 2003 requires all pigs going to slaughter to be identified by a Defra-allocated herdmark on both shoulders. This must be legible before and after slaughter to allow correct tracing of the pigs for both payment and biosecurity. Weighing – Carcases are individually weighed. Hot weights are recorded, with hot weight rebates and dressing coefficients deducted to establish the payment weight. Regular scale and tare checks form an integral part of the service. Mature boars and sows are not covered by the mandatory scheme, but a weighing service is available as part of the Authentication Service. Backfat measurement and lean meat percentage – MLCSL classifiers are trained to operate all of the approved classification equipment. 36
The following equipment is approved for use in the UK: • Optical Probe • Fat-O-Meater (FOM) • AutoFOM • CSB Ultra-Meater The HGP, FOM, AutoFOM and CSB UltraMeater are all automatic recording probes. Method 1 Optical Probe is used to measure backfat and rind thickness at the P1 and P3 positions, level with the head of the last rib. The probe is inserted 4.5cm and 8cm from the dorsal midline respectively. The sum of the P1 and P3 measurements is recorded. Method 2 Optical Probe is used to measure backfat and rind thickness at the P2 position, level with the head of the last rib. The probe is inserted 6.5cm from the dorsal midline.
Chain Pig carcaseMarketing classification Method 3 HGP or FOM are used to measure: ●● Backfat and rind thickness at the P2 position, as for Method 2. The HGP or FOM probes are inserted 6cm from the dorsal midline. ●●
●●
Backfat and rind thickness at a point 6cm from the dorsal midline between the third and fourth last rib. This measurement is referred to as rib fat. Longissimus dorsi (eye muscle) depth at a point 6cm from the dorsal midline between the third and fourth last rib. This measurement is referred to as rib muscle.
Figure 8.1 Locations of probing on a pig carcase
Lean Meat Percentage and EU Grade Lean meat percentage is calculated as follows: Optical probe Cold carcase weight and P2 (or P1 + P3) fat depths are used to estimate lean meat percentage. An EU grade can be allocated to a carcase by using the lean meat percentage figure.
Lean meat percentage EU grade 60% and above
S
55–59%
E
50–54%
U
45–49%
R
40–44%
O
39% or less
P
Visual Appraisal This is the identification of pigs with carcase faults. These are described as ‘Z’ carcases. Carcases that are scraggy, deformed, blemished, pigmented and coarse-skinned, those with soft fat or pale muscle and those devalued by being partially condemned are recorded as ‘Z’ on the carcase record (PCC1 or computer equivalent). Young boars are identified and recorded. Carcases with poor conformation are recorded as ‘C’ carcases at the request of the abattoir. Dressing Specification Carcase dressing specifications are closely monitored by MLCSL staff and provide a vital element of the carcase record.
37
Pig carcase classification Classification Consistency To ensure consistency of pig carcase classification standards by MLCSL staff, various procedures are strictly applied to the operation of the scheme. Extensive training programmes, both in-plant and centrally, ensure that classifiers maintain the required standards of proficiency. Classifiers are checked regularly by Divisional Managers and nominated checkers on a local basis, with the Quality Manager providing a link in Great Britain.
Each check requires the manager/checker to separately classify and record 20 carcases. The classification measurements assessed by the classifier are then checked against the manager’s measurements and an analysis of accuracy levels for the 20 carcases is made. This analysis measures both bias (the tendency of a classifier to measure higher or lower classifications than the checker) and consistency (the overall level of agreement between classifier and checker). All checks are analysed at MLCSL HQ to ensure classifiers are meeting accuracy levels.
Figure 8.2 Distribution of the GB classified sample by carcase weight % of sample 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
<60 2016
60–65 2017
Source: AHDB, MLCSL
38
65–70
70–75
75–80
80–85
Weight range (kg)
85–90
90–95
95+
Chain Pig carcaseMarketing classification Figure 8.3 Average carcase weights of the GB collected sample Weight (kg) 85 80
83.0
81.9
81.1
79.2 75.1
75 70.8
70 65 60
2000
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
Source: AHDB, MLCSL
Figure 8.4 Distribution of the classified sample in EC grade by weight band, 2017 % of sample 100 90 80 70
All pigs other grades
60
All pigs grade U
50 40
All pigs grade E
30 20
All pigs grade S
>95
90–95
85–90
80–85
75–80
70–75
65–70
60–65
0
<60
10
Weight range (kg) Source: AHDB, MLCSL 39
Pig carcase classification Figure 8.5 Distribution of the GB-classified sample by EC grade, 2017 %
76.9
80 70 60 50 40 30
22.0
20 10 0 S
E
1.1
0.0
U
Other grades
EC grade Source: AHDB, MLCSL
Figure 8.6 Trends in P2 fat depth Fat depth (mm) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6
1990 80kg
40
1995
2000
60-80kg
Source: AHDB, MLCSL
2005
2010
<60kg
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Chain Chapter 9 – Livestock andMarketing meat prices Table 9.1 GB deadweight pig prices
GB SPP (EU Specification) 2015
2016
2017
2016–17
GB APP (EU Specification) 2015
2016
2017 2016–17
p/kg dw
% change
p/kg dw
% change
January
140.70 117.37 150.66
28.4
144.06 121.59 153.85
26.5
February
135.02 112.70 149.75
32.9
138.72 116.66 153.19
31.3
March
132.65 112.33 151.53
34.9
136.54 115.98 154.61
33.3
April
132.07 113.19 156.11
37.9
136.02 116.83 159.03
36.1
May
131.28 116.01 159.64
37.6
136.02 119.46 163.23
36.6
June
132.15 120.88 162.08
34.1
136.88 124.35 165.60
33.2
July
133.02 128.05 164.36
28.4
137.18 130.67 167.90
28.5
August
132.45 135.57 164.28
21.2
136.78 137.85 167.82
21.7
September 130.75 139.91 161.65
15.5
134.88 141.93 165.23
16.4
October
127.81 144.84 156.95
8.4
131.83 147.26 160.00
8.7
November
126.25 149.92 153.25
2.2
129.91 152.08 156.30
2.8
December
124.75 151.70 150.76
–0.6
128.98 154.54 154.17
–0.2
Annual price
131.67
21.4
135.64 132.07 160.13
21.2
129.12 156.72
Source: AHDB 41
Livestock and meat prices Table 9.2 GB weaner prices
30kg weaners 2015
2016
2017
7kg weaners 2016–17 2015
£ per head
% change
2017 2016–17
£ per head
% change
January
45.78
37.60
55.15
46.7
34.15
30.38
38.66
27.3
February
45.20
36.62
55.73
52.2
33.51
29.13
38.49
32.1
March
44.87
36.73
56.65
54.2
32.98
28.50
39.02
36.9
April
44.60
37.44
58.21
55.5
33.16
28.85
40.50
40.4
May
44.27
38.56
59.90
55.3
33.09
29.18
42.90
47.0
June
44.23
40.14
60.06
49.6
32.92
30.06
44.04
46.5
July
44.29
42.71
60.52
41.7
32.85
31.20
44.26
41.9
August
43.87
45.96
60.08
30.7
32.80
33.11
44.55
34.6
September
44.37
47.40
59.07
24.6
32.69
34.89
43.77
25.5
October
43.40
49.65
56.94
14.7
32.25
36.62
42.54
16.2
November
41.47
53.93
55.52
2.9
31.46
37.37
41.13
10.1
December
40.75
54.60
52.69
–3.5
30.91
38.53
40.40
4.9
Source: AHDB 42
2016
Marketing Chain Livestock and meat prices Figure 9.1 GB average producer pig prices Price (p/kg dw) 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 Jan 12 Jul 12 Jan 13 Jul 13 Jan 14 Jul 14 Jan 15 Jul 15 Jan 16 Jul 16 Jan 17 Jul 17 Jan 18 Deadweight Average Pig Price (DAPP)
Standard Pig Price (SPP)
All Pig Price (APP)
Source: AHDB
Figure 9.2 GB average weaner prices Price (ÂŁ/head) 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 Jan 12 Jul 12 Jan 13 Jul 13 Jan 14 Jul 14 Jan 15 Jul 15 Jan 16 Jul 16 Jan 17 Jul 17 Jan 18 30kg
7kg
The methodology for collecting 30kg weaner prices changed from November 2013 Figures after that date are not directly comparable with earlier months Source: AHDB
43
Livestock and meat prices Figure 9.3 Producer retail price spreads % of retail price 50 38.6
40
42.0
38.2
36.6
35.0
34.7
2015
2016
30 20 10 0
2000
2005
2010
2017
Graph shows the average percentage of the retail price received by producers Source: AHDB
Figure 9.4 UK and EU pig meat reference prices Price (p/kg dw) 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70
Jan 10
44
Jul 10
Jan 11
Jul 11
Jan 12
Source: UKEU Commission EU average
Jul 12
Jan 13
Jul 13
Jan 14
Jul 14
Jan 15
Jul 15
Jan 16
Jul 16
Jan 17
Jul 17
Jan 18
Marketing Chain Livestock and meat prices Figure 9.5 Global export prices for fresh/frozen pork Price (US$/kg dw) 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 Jan 13
Jul 13
Jan 14
Jul 14
Jan 15
Jul 15
Jan 16
Jul 16
Jan 17
Jul 17
Jan 18
Global export prices for fresh/frozen pork Global export price is the average price of fresh/frozen pork exported from the four major global exporters - EU, US, Canada and Brazil Source: IHS Maritime and Trade â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Global Trade AtlasÂŽ
45
Chapter 10 – Imports and exports Table 10.1 Volume of total UK pig meat imports
Tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Fresh/frozen meat
351,723
358,138
371,746
439,918
460,282
Bacon/ham
249,847
256,155
251,050
242,713
220,040
Sausages
105,836
109,287
122,682
123,129
134,679
Processed hams, shoulders and pieces*
134,513
138,979
140,125
149,210
157,015
Total
841,919
862,559
885,603
954,970
972,016
Live pigs (head)
339,558
212,961
820,917
577,930
507,817
*Including canned Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 10.2 Value of total UK pig meat imports
£‘000
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Fresh/frozen meat
739,834
699,406
613,125
778,199
932,753
Bacon/ham
644,871
601,343
536,356
552,258
560,899
Sausages
344,987
352,876
360,467
395,920
465,534
Processed hams, shoulders and pieces*
464,513
489,614
446,230
495,771
568,443
2,194,205
2,143,239
1,956,178
2,222,148
2,527,629
36,726
18,426
77,460
56,466
61,104
Total
Live pigs (head)
46
*Including canned Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Marketing Chain Imports and exports Table 10.3 UK fresh/frozen pork imports by source
Tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
351,723
358,138
371,746
439,918
460,282
Denmark
88,835
89,680
97,858
169,668
169,996
Germany
77,651
74,579
67,706
68,488
80,180
Netherlands
56,347
55,774
55,953
49,505
53,655
Spain
24,413
27,089
33,532
37,726
40,198
Ireland
31,864
31,963
32,528
32,478
38,920
Belgium
32,098
35,502
36,673
33,775
31,831
France
30,079
31,879
27,280
25,158
21,526
Poland
2,193
4,493
11,292
14,297
13,391
Italy
3,627
2,567
3,390
2,606
4,220
Portugal
1,548
2,771
2,688
2,673
2,475
3
4
65
535
1,558
946
856
909
954
935
Total
Austria United States
Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 10.4 UK bacon imports by source
Tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
249,847
256,155
251,050
242,713
220,040
Denmark
92,790
88,093
88,613
92,429
103,161
Netherlands
103,680
115,150
95,327
92,472
58,198
Germany
34,126
35,640
47,238
37,665
37,765
Total
Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
47
Imports and exports Table 10.5 Volume of total UK pig meat exports
Tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Fresh/frozen meat
180,749
181,713
187,080
206,098
215,999
Bacon/ham
13,549
13,909
15,921
16,419
19,299
Sausages
10,866
10,612
9,371
6,265
6,338
Processed hams, shoulders and pieces*
12,024
13,802
13,141
12,708
11,498
Pig offal
41,648
45,084
58,929
77,031
81,476
Total
258,836
265,120
284,442
318,521
334,610
2,079
1,295
126
589
2,277
Live pigs (head)
*Including canned Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 10.6 Value of total UK pig meat exports
£‘000
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Fresh/frozen meat
218,136
209,178
197,405
252,278
293,484
Bacon/ham
39,139
38,256
38,132
41,332
53,599
Sausages
17,204
18,269
16,158
15,350
18,241
Processed hams, shoulders and pieces*
29,002
34,241
31,117
25,328
25,399
Pig offal
26,091
35,048
38,464
64,365
79,717
Total
329,572
334,992
321,276
398,653
470,440
1,631
1,481
82
352
67
Live pigs (head)
48
*Including canned Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Marketing Chain Imports and exports Table 10.7 Volume of UK fresh/frozen pork exports by destination
Tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
180,749
181,713
187,080
206,098
215,999
127,624
127,490
130,122
131,180
139,001
Germany
30,940
30,977
31,820
32,632
32,695
Ireland
29,110
27,950
31,032
33,587
31,037
Denmark
20,397
23,702
23,604
22,130
30,004
Netherlands
21,467
19,648
18,083
17,486
16,357
Sweden
7,660
7,342
10,025
9,605
9,114
Belgium
5,931
7,213
5,747
5,672
7,481
China
25,006
24,669
27,250
40,016
40,354
Hong Kong
15,842
14,634
11,123
10,837
11,862
United States
3,112
3,267
5,998
8,177
7,711
Total EU-28
2017
Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 10.8 Value of UK fresh/frozen pork exports by destination
£‘000
2013
2014
2015
2016
218,136
209,178
197,405
252,278
293,484
166,454
157,366
138,118
160,174
196,034
Ireland
61,606
65,509
60,875
71,856
83,635
Germany
41,394
35,872
27,112
32,197
38,260
Denmark
22,274
24,864
22,378
25,000
33,898
Netherlands
19,180
16,319
9,512
10,386
11,405
Belgium
4,455
4,219
2,846
3,443
6,893
Sweden
3,551
2,529
4,259
4,815
6,648
China
20,441
19,619
25,027
43,344
43,115
United States
10,932
10,289
17,699
23,047
23,668
Hong Kong
13,457
11,980
7,632
10,248
12,706
Total EU-28
Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
2017
49
50
The above map shows the countriesto which the UK exported fresh/frozen pork in 2017, according to IHS Maritime and Trade Global Trade AtlasÂŽ/HM Revenue and Customs The website below provides guidance on exporting, including a list of available Export Health Certificates (EHC) www.ukecp.com Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade - Global Trade AtlasÂŽ/HMRC
Imports and exports
Figure 10.1 Map of UK fresh/frozen pork exports by destination
Marketing Chain Imports and exports Table 10.9 Volume of UK pig offal exports by destination
Tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
41,648
45,084
58,929
77,031
81,476
22,375
11,130
13,294
15,951
18,507
Netherlands
7,103
5,097
6,233
8,335
7,698
Denmark
1,824
2,360
3,398
3,331
5,196
Ireland
3,951
2,644
1,891
2,216
2,365
Germany
3,610
399
312
519
1,041
China
7,263
17,202
27,287
36,071
32,330
Hong Kong
8,335
11,980
10,957
15,198
17,089
Philippines
652
1,288
2,005
4,239
6,525
Cote d'Ivoire
317
401
1,093
883
1,998
Japan
700
825
709
702
1,226
Total EU-28
2017
Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 10.10 Value of UK pig offal exports by destination
£‘000 Total EU-28
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
26,091
35,048
38,464
64,365
79,717
10,111
5,502
5,213
6,958
12,177
Netherlands
2,825
1,598
1,350
3,046
4,935
Denmark
1,309
1,066
1,245
1,306
2,948
Ireland
2,607
2,186
1,737
1,477
1,841
Germany
1,617
121
100
30
1,025
Hong Kong
8,104
14,612
11,157
18,497
28,290
China
5,555
11,654
17,937
31,385
25,948
462
981
1,073
3,121
5,985
9
-
10
-
1,097
254
360
204
301
1,096
Philippines United States Japan
Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
51
Imports and exports Table 10.11 EU fresh/frozen pig meat exports to non-EU countries
â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;000 tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
30.1
43.5
24.9
10.5
14.8
1,448.1
1,360.0
1,523.4
2,139.0
1,947.4
31.6
32.1
33
34.4
38.6
1,005.5
1,081.8
1,177.7
1,393.6
1,308.6
Sausages
131.3
121.4
110.5
95.2
100.8
Prepared and preserved
80.4
71.7
65.6
66.3
65.9
Pig fat
10.2
14.5
13.1
13.8
14.6
Lard
359.4
211.5
214
249.7
201.7
Total
3,096.6
2,936.5
3,162.2
4,002.5
3,692.4
Live animals Fresh and frozen pork Salted, dried, smoked pig meat Pig offal
Source: European Commission
52
Marketing Chain Imports and exports Table 10.12 EU fresh/frozen pork exports by destination
Tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1,603,400
1,562,951
1,741,393
2,307,651
2,093,774
China
304,431
290,953
531,362
986,265
711,515
Japan
233,689
317,373
292,736
318,340
331,425
South Korea
99,166
194,935
188,924
219,787
221,015
Hong Kong
116,613
140,995
97,811
138,379
147,979
United States
41,671
66,347
71,663
82,357
107,291
Philippines
40,310
79,884
74,753
89,817
106,110
Australia
44,222
73,256
83,704
81,556
68,687
Taiwan
2,887
26,111
40,668
40,239
50,049
Serbia
10,510
19,472
20,383
22,126
26,906
Cote d'Ivoire
17,391
15,917
20,557
20,381
26,542
New Zealand
12,502
19,520
25,574
30,153
26,110
Singapore
17,738
27,319
27,672
25,725
25,726
South Africa
17,056
17,129
24,314
21,919
23,105
Canada
7,243
11,858
13,470
18,609
22,651
Total
Totals are higher than those of the EU Commission reported in Table 10.11 as the latter exclude meat from non-domestic swine Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Global Trade AtlasÂŽ/HMRC
53
Imports and exports Table 10.13 EU pig offal exports by destination
Tonnes, product weight
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1,003,841
1,083,962
1,176,103
1,391,267
1,307,223
China
399,667
470,984
614,501
823,277
693,770
Hong Kong
288,165
281,451
203,517
237,814
239,134
Philippines
42,589
81,953
78,084
85,613
91,648
South Korea
13,600
31,857
37,049
29,806
42,060
Japan
8,880
12,234
17,790
25,698
36,055
Total
Vietnam
2,315
9,859
25,181
34,782
29,060
Thailand
16,770
26,961
27,594
27,829
26,217
Cote d'Ivoire
20,772
26,514
32,009
20,676
23,266
Ukraine
19,708
22,424
28,313
22,556
22,524
Totals are slightly different from those of the EU Commission possibly because of a different approach to amendments Data as at February 2018 Source: IHS Maritime and Trade â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Global Trade AtlasÂŽ/HMRC
What does this mean for the industry? Helping our levy payers make sense of the issues as they evolve. Helping key stakeholders and Government to seek the best possible deal for our industries outside the EU.
54
www.ahdb.org.uk/brexit
Marketing Chain Chapter 11 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Consumption Table 11.1 UK per capita consumption of major meats
kg/person/year
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Beef & veal
Total meat
2000
23.6
30.5
18.5
79.2
2006
24.9
31.2
20.9
83.2
2005
24.7
2007
25.7
2008
24.5
2009
24.3
2010
24.1
2011
24.6
2012
24.6
2013
23.9
2014
24.4
2015
25.1
2016
26.1
2017
25.9
31.8 30.0 29.5 29.9 31.8 32.7 32.8 32.8 33.0 36.1 37.7 36.3
20.7 20.9 20.0 18.2 18.6 18.1 18.0 17.3 17.8 18.2 18.2 18.2
83.4 82.8 80.0 77.9 79.4 80.0 79.7 78.6 79.8 84.3 86.8 84.9
Per capita consumption is a calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports â&#x20AC;&#x201C; exports divided by the mid-year population estimate All data is carcase weight equivalent Source: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, HMRC, Office for National Statistics
Table 11.2 GB retail value sales by type of outlet
Multiples
Freezer centres
Butchers
Other
2015
86.8
2.7
8.0
2.5
2016
85.7
3.1
8.3
2.9
8.4
3.4
89.9
5.5
3.5
1.1
90.1
5.1
3.3
1.5
90.7
4.8
3.0
1.5
% Pork
2017
85.1
3.1
Bacon
2015 2016 2017
Data covers 52 weeks ending in late December the same year/ early January the next year Source: Kantar Worldpanel
55
Consumption Figure 11.1 GB retailer shares of pork market by value, 2017 30 24.2
20
8.5
7.3
Lidl
Aldi
Morrisons
Sainsbury's
Asda
0
Tesco
5
5.3
3.3
2.5
2.2
1.9
05 Nov
03 Dec
Other
8.1
Total butchers
10.7
Marks & Spencer
10
The Co-Operative
12.9
Iceland
13.1
15
Waitrose
% share of value
25
Data cover 52 weeks ending 31 December 2017 Source: Kantar Worldpanel
Figure 11.2 Trends in GB household pork purchases by volume Volume ('000 tonnes) 180 175 170 165 160 155 150
29 Jan
2015
56
26 Feb 2016
28 Mar
24 Apr 2017
21 May
18 Jun
16 Jul
13 Aug
10 Sep
08 Oct
52 weeks ending
Source: Kantar Worldpanel
31 Dec
Marketing Chain Consumption Figure 11.3 Change in GB retail volume and value sales of pig meat products, 2017 Year on year % change 10 5 0
4.0
0.0
3.0
5.0
-5
5.0
2.0 2.0
2.0 3.0
3.0 2.0
2.0
Bacon
Gammon
Sliced Cooked Ham
Sliced Cooked Pork
-3.0
-10 -15
-11.0 -13.0
-15.0
-20 -25 -30
7.0
-25.0 Fresh Pork
Volume
Frozen Pork
Fresh Frozen Loose Pork Pork Pork Sausages Sausages Sausages
Value
Data covers 52 weeks ending in late December the same year/early January the next year Source: Kantar Worldpanel
Figure 11.4 GB volume sales of pig meat by product, 2017 Volume ('000 tonnes) 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
214.7
159.3 128.0
119.9
57.6 32.3 10.7
5.0 Fresh Pork
Frozen Pork
Fresh Frozen Loose Pork Pork Pork Sausages Sausages Sausages
3.8 Bacon Gammon Sliced Sliced Cooked Cooked Ham Pork
Data covers 52 weeks ending 31 December 2017 Source: Kantar Worldpanel 57
Consumption Figure 11.5 Average GB retail price of pig meat products, 2017 Price per kg (ÂŁ) 14 11.5
12 10
8.5
8 6 4
6.1
4.7
Fresh Pork
Frozen Pork
5.0
2.6
2 0
5.6
4.3
3.9
Fresh Frozen Loose Pork Pork Pork Sausages Sausages Sausages
Bacon
Gammon
Sliced Cooked Ham
Sliced Cooked Pork
Data cover 52 weeks ending 31 December 2017 Source: Kantar Worldpanel
Figure 11.6 Share of pig meat products sold on promotion in GB retail outlets % of total volume 70 60 50 40 30
47.3
40.4
37.1
38.8
38.4 31.6
30.9
27.6
43.2
35.7 34.9
40.0 39.3 26.6 29.7
25.3
20 10 0
2.5 2.9 Fresh Pork
Frozen Pork
52 w/e 03 Jan 17
Fresh Frozen Loose Pork Pork Pork Sausages Sausages Sausages 52 w/e 31 Dec 17
Source: Kantar Worldpanel
58
Bacon
Gammon
Sliced Cooked Ham
Sliced Cooked Pork
Consumption Figure 11.7 Per capita consumption of pig meat in selected EU Member States, 2017 Consumption (kg/head) 70.0 60.0
59.0
53.3
52.2
52.1
50.0
42.0
40.0
41.2
38.9
36.6
32.5
30.0
24.6
20.0 10.0
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Belgium
EU
Netherlands
Poland
Austria
Germany
Spain
0.0
Source: AHDB calculations using data from Eurostat and IHS Maritime & Trade â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Global Trade AtlasÂŽ
59
Consumption Figure 11.8 Percentage of product facings with British logo sold in the total GB market % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
85 81 84 83 84
81 82 78 79 79 66 65 63 63 65 49 46 48 49 43
Pork
Bacon Jan 16
July 16
Ham Jan 17
July 17
Sausage Jan 18
Source: AHDB, ESA
Figure 11.9 Percentage of product facings with Red Tractor quality standard mark sold in the total GB market % 70 60 50
56 56
53 54 52
47
50 51 52
40 30
23 23 23 23 23
20
12 14 14 11 10
10 0
Pork
Bacon Jan 16
Source: AHDB, ESA
60
July 16
Ham Jan 17
July 17
Sausage Jan 18
47
Marketing Chain
61