QUESTION-1 Q] Can a harmoy be made between these two verses, when Pharaohs were Polytheist , and only Aten Akhen was a monotheist. They believed Pharaoh as a god but not as an only god. 1]Pharaoh said: "O Chiefs! no god do I know for you but myself... [Qur'an 28:38] 2]And the chiefs of Pharaoh's people said: "Do you leave Musa and his people to make mischief in the land and to forsake you and your gods?" He said: "We will slay their sons and spare their women, and surely we are masters over them." [Qur'an 7:127]
ANSWER:= There are a number of answer to this question.A simple one is given below:=
There is a contradiction if someone believes in Only One Deity and more than One Deities simultaneously. But Pharaoh and his Courtiers, Nobilities, Chiefs etc were neither Polytheists nor Monotheists bu PolyMonotheists , a type of Henotheists. Egyptian were Poly-Monotheists and believed in Only One God which manifests himself In a number gods and goddesses. This may be described as a belief that there is Only One God Who Manifests and Incarnates in multitude of forms ,personified menifestations,human or animal bodies etc. As Pharaoh was a Poly-Monotheist and believed about himself that he was an Incartate(d) god and a God incarnate , he was speaking in regard to the God which incarnated , and not as an incarnation of God. As according to te Dogma of Manifestation and Incarnation none of the gods [Neterus] was distinct from God . When Pharaoh claimed that he was the only God he included all the [Personified] Manifestations and Incarnations in the Only God ,of whom these were Manifestations and Incarnations. This means that Pharaoh in regard to the Divinity Of God ,was the Only God as according to his believes.He viewed YAHVAH as some thing distint from the Egyptian God and denied Him. But when the courtiers and chiefs etc. were talking to Pharaoh they were := i)Either referring to the God who had incarnated as Pharaoh in their believes [since each incarnation and each Manifestation of God was a god (Neter) and of God i.e gods of God (in the sense manifestations of God).]
ii) Or because one manifestation of God might be referred to another manifestation of God as his god since they both were the manifestations or incarnations of one and same God as according to their belief. Every Manifestation was related to God and these relations were also related in the sense they had a common frame of reference i.e God and they were not different in the sense other things in the world were different. Different Manifestations and Incarnations appeared at different times with different attributes according to the need in the world below or heaven. God appeared as Ra , Oriosis etc. Differentnt Manifestations may have Different Qualities , which was the need of those times. But all were believed to be manifestations of One and Same God.
As Pharaoh Ramesses the second exalted his position from a normal or an ordinary incarnation of God to the position of God Incarnate and Incarnate God [i.e the dogma that the God assumed human form in the human person of Pharaoh or superhuman persons like Ra etc.]. Thus other manifestations and incarnations were referred to Incarnated God i.e Pharaoh as his gods; i.e gods(Manifestations) of Pharaoh in regard to One who Manifested as / in Pharaoh {i.e God QWho is the Divine Self Of Pharaoh} and not in regard to his human self of Pharaoh.
[Incarnation= A bodily manifestation of a God Or a supernatural being.]
QUESTION-2 : No Pharaoh claimed to be Greatest God. So why Qur’a:n reports := Has the story of Moses reached thee? Behold, thy Lord did call to him in the sacred valley of Tuwa, "Go thou to Pharaoh for he has indeed transgressed all bounds: And say to him, ‘Wouldst thou that thou shouldst be purified (from sin)? - And that I guide thee to thy Lord, so thou shouldst fear Him?'" Then did (Moses) show him the Great Sign. But (Pharaoh) rejected it and disobeyed (guidance); Further, he turned his back, striving hard (against God). Then he collected (his men) and made a proclamation, Saying, " I am your Lord, Most High". [Qur'an 79:15-24]
ANSWER: There are a number of answer to this question. But one of the simple ones is that Pharaoh is talking in regard to his Divine Self as according to his believes. Pharaoh was not a monothelete and this dogma is a latter invention. This makes it a
perfect choice that he some time spoke in regard to his Divine Self. In regard to the Divine Self this self was the God , the greatest of all gods[Neteres] And the greatest god [God or neteres] . Note:= God [ G –CAPITAL] MEANS SUPEREME BEING. god [ g-small] either means a Neteru or God or both. [Egyptian theology] One God manifests in sevsral gods.No god is distinct from God.