rmwdum pOf
taMumif;t&m
1/
rdwfqufpum;
2/
pmrsufESm ---
---
---
---
---
---
---
1
&wemoHk;yg;udk ylaZmfNcif;ukodkvf
---
---
---
---
---
2
3/
udk;uG,frI t"dyÜm,f (usrf;udk;-1)
---
---
---
---
---
2
4/
rudk;uG,f&mESifh udk;uG,f&m (usrf;udk;-1)
---
---
---
---
3
5/
udk;uG,frSm;tNypf? udk;uG,frSeftusdK; (usrf;udk;-1)
---
---
---
4
6/
Ak'¨bmom0if NzpfcGifh (usrf;udk;-5)
---
---
---
---
---
5
7/
udk;uG,f&m &wemoHk;yg; (usrf;udk;-1)
---
---
---
---
---
7
8/
&wemoHk;yg; *kPfawmfzGifh (usrf;udk;-2) ---
---
---
---
---
8
9/
Ak'¨bmomtNzpf cH,lNcif; (usrf;udk;-1)
---
---
---
---
---
9
10/
o&P*kH ygXfç teuf (usrf;udk;-6)
---
---
---
---
---
9
11/
o&P*Hk tzGifh (usrf;udk;-5)
---
---
---
---
---
---
10
12/
o&P*Hk oHk;yg; (usrf;udk;-1)
---
---
---
---
---
---
12
13/
o&P*Hk½Sif;vif;csuf (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
---
---
14
14/
o&P*Hk (usrf;udk;-4) ---
---
---
---
---
---
14
15/
o&P*HkESifh o&P*Hkwnfol (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
---
15
16/
o&P*HktppftrSef (usrf;udk;-3)
---
---
---
---
---
16
17/
o&P*HkygVd\ teuf (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
---
---
19
18/
o&P*Hk cH,lyHk 4-rsdK; (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
---
---
19
19/
o&P*Hkaqmufwnfenf; 4-rsdK; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
---
20
20/
&wemoHk;yg;ESifhpyfí rSwfzG,f (usrf;udk;-5)
---
---
---
---
21
21/
&wemNrwf oHk;yg; (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
---
24
22/
tzdk;rNzwfEdkifaomo&P*Hk (usrf;udk;-3)
---
---
---
---
25
23/
o&P*Hkü txl;tjym; (usrf;udk;-7)
---
---
---
---
---
27
24/
o&P*Hk ESpfrsdK; (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
---
---
---
30
25/
o&P*Hk ESpfrsdK; (usrf;udk;-3)
---
---
---
---
---
---
31
26/
o&P*Hkt*Fg&yfrsm; (usrf;udk;-3)
---
---
---
---
---
32
27/
o&P*kHcH,lrI &rIukdjyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6) ---
---
---
---
---
32
28/
o&P*Hkysufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh rysufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
35
29/
½Sdcdk;wdkif; o&P*HkrNzpf (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
36
---
---
---
---
---
30/
o&P*HkaNrmufrI tav;NyKzG,f (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
37
31/
ykxkZOfoHCm o&P*kHxkdufç rxkdufukd jyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6)
---
---
38
32/
½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh o&P*Hk (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
---
42
33/
o&P*kHxkdufaom oHCmukdjyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6) ---
---
---
---
42
34/
o&P*Hkudk txyfxyf aqmufwnfNcif; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
43
35/
ukd;uG,frI 2-yg; jcm;em;ykHukdjyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6)
---
---
---
44
36/
o&P*Hk npfEGrf;Ncif; 4-rsdK; (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
46
37/
o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif; w&m;rsm; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
46
38/
o&P*HknpfnL;aMumif;w&m;rsm; (usrf;udk;-3)
---
---
---
47
39/
ar;jref;bG,f (usrf;udk;-6)
---
---
---
47
40/
ysufwwfaom o&P*HkESifh rysufwwfaom o&P*Hk (usrf;udk;-2) ---
---
54
41/
o&P*kHysufrysufukd jyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6)
---
---
---
---
54
42/
o&P*Hk ysufyHk 2-rsdK; (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
---
57
43/
o&P*kHysufjcif;ESifh rysufjcif;tusOf;csKyf (usrf;udk;-6)
---
---
---
57
44/
o&P*HkysufrIESifh tavmif;udk o&P*HkwifNcif; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
58
45/
o&P*HkysufNcif; (usrf;udk;-3)
---
---
---
---
---
59
46/
o&P*Hk ysufpD;Ncif; (usrf;udk;-1)
---
---
---
---
---
59
47/
o&P*Hk rwnfEdkifol (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
---
---
61
48/
o&P*Hk trSm;rsm; (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
---
---
61
49/
o&P*HkykwD;pdyfNcif; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
---
---
62
50/
o&P*HkwnfNcif;\ tusdK; (usrf;udk;-1)
---
---
---
---
63
51/
o&P*Hk wnfNcif; tusdK;rsm; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
---
64
52/
o&P*Hk\tusdK; (usrf;udk;-4)
---
---
---
---
---
65
53/
om"u0w¬Krsm; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
---
---
---
66
54/
o&P*Hkwnfaom trsdK;om;wpfa,muftaMumif; (usrf;udk;-2)
---
---
67
55/
o&P*HkESifh oDv½Sdol tyg,frus (usrf;udk;-5) ---
---
---
---
71
56/
wBudrfaqmufwnf wpfoufwnf (usrf;udk;-5) ---
---
---
---
73
57/
&wemokH;yg;udk;uG,f&mü tusdK;BuD;ykHjyqdkcef; (usrf;udk;-8)
---
---
73
58/
o&P*kHtusKd;ukd jyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6)
59/
Oygoum Oygodum (usrf;udk;-4)
60/
usrf;udk;pm&if;
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
74
---
---
---
---
---
85
---
---
---
---
---
86
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) rdwfqufpum; bmoma&;todÓPfrsm;
wdk;yGg;aMumif;
vdkvm;wJh
usL;ypfnDtudktrrsm;eJU
tGefvdkif;rSae
bmoma&;udkavhvmaeMuwJh "r®rdwfaqGrsm;twGuf o&P*HkoHk;yg;eJU ywfoufwJh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk wpkwpnf;xJ
avhvmvdkU&atmif
q&mawmfBuD;rsm;&JU
a[mMum;csufrsm;?
qHk;Nzwfcsufrsm;eJU
aumif;Edk;&m&m vufvSrf;rSDorQ pmtkyfawGxJuae xkwfEIwfNyD; wifNyay;xm;ygw,f/ o&P*HkoHk;yg;[m
Ak'¨bmom0iftNzpf
pwifaNccsawmhr,fh
yk*¾dKvfwa,muftwGuf
ta&;BuD;vSovdk? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;taeeJUvnf; o&P*Hk npfEGrf;Ncif;rsm;? o&P*Hk ysufys,fNcif;rsm;[m b,fvdktaMumif;t&mawGaMumifhqdkwm odzdkUvdkygw,f/ odkUrSom o&P*Hkcdkifcdkifrmrmwnf? oDvvHkum? orm"dxlaxmifNyD;? ynmeJU xdk;xGif;um r*fw&m; zdkvfw&m; edAÁmefcsrf;omudk &EdkifrSm NzpfwJhtwGuf o&P*Hkaqmufwnfxm;Ncif;[m
tvGefta&;ygvSygw,f/
usrf;*efrsm;tqdkt&
o&P*HkaqmufwnfNcif;[m 'geNyKNcif;xuf omvGefaMumif; azmfNyxm;wm awGUMu&rSm Nzpfygw,f/ bmoma&;udk avhvmyGg;rsm;aeMuwJh nDtudktrrsm;taeeJUvnf; ,ck taMumif;t&mrsm;[m odNyD;om;awG Nzpfygvdrfhrnf/ odkUaomfvnf; ydkrdkNyD; ausausnufnuf od&atmiftwGuf&,f Ak'¨bmomudk pwifavhvmr,fh olawG? uRefawmfwdkUtaeeJU rdbae&mawG a&mufvmr,fhtcsdefMu&if usrf;*efrsm;eJUtnD ]]o&P*HkoHk;yg;}} taMumif;udk aocsmpGm aNymNyay;Edkifatmif &nf½G,fNyD; ]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkuae "r®'geNyKvdkufNcif;yg/ ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
1
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) &wemoHk;yg;udk ylaZmfNcif;ukodkvf ylaZmfNcif;udk
cH,lxdkufukefaom
w&m;awmfudkvnf;aumif;?
Nrwfbk&m;½Sif\
Nrwfbk&m;½Sifudkvnf;aumif;? wynhfom;
Nrwfbk&m;½Sif\
oHCmawmfwdkUudkvnf;aumif;
ylaZmfaom
ol\aumif;rIudk þaumif;rIonf þa½GU þrQ½Sd\[k wpfpHk wpfa,mufaomolonf a&wGufNcif;iSg rwwfaumif;ay/ ("r®y') ------------------------------
udk;uG,frI t"dyÜm,f vlUordkif;q&mwdkU\ tqdkt& vlonf aNcovHk;tdrfwdkifb0rS wNznf;Nznf;csif; ,Ofaus;vmNyD; tpktoif;ESifh aewwfvmolrsm; Nzpfonf[k od&\/ rnfodkUyifNzpfap vlonf aMumufwwfrIESifh &vdkrI oabmw&m;rsm;Nzifh zGJUpnf;xm;aom o@mefwpfckomNzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;\/ vlUavmuBuD;wGifvnf; aMumufp&m taNrmuftNrm; ½Sdonfhenf;wl &,lcsifp&mrsm;ESifhvnf; NynfhESufvsuf
½Sdaeygonf/
'Da&wufNcif;?
rD;BuD;avmifNcif;?
avrkefwdkif;usNcif;
paom
Moumoavmu\ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? a>rab;? opf? usm;? qif½dkif;ab;? rcspfrESpfoufolab; paom owåavmu\ vlom;onf
&efNyKrIrsm;ESifh tvl;tvJ
emzsm;rusef;rrm? cHae&onfom
tdkemao&
Nzpf\/
ab;'ku©rsm;\
þodkUaom
b0'ku©
ESdyfpufuvlNyKrIudk tEÅ&m,frsm;\
vHIUaqmfzefwD;rIaMumifh vlom;onf aMumufwwfvm\/ xdkab;qdk;ç 'ku©qdk;wdkUrS uif;Nidrf;rIudk vdkvm;vmMuonf/ udk;uG,f&mudk ½SmazGvmMuonf/ þtcsufESifh ywfoufí A[Hk a0 o&PH ,EÅd? yAÁwmed 0emed p/ tm&mr½ku©apwsmed? rEkó b,wZÆdwm/ ("r®y'? *gxm-188) ]]ab;&ef
tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;udk
pdk;½GHUaMumufvefUaeMuukefaom
vlwdkUonf
awmifwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? awmwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? tm&mrfwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? t"du&opfyif paom udk;uG,f&mwdkUudkvnf;aumif; udk;uG,fMuukef\}} [k NrwfAk'¨ a[mMum;cJh\/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
2
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) yifv,f
ork'´&mwdkUü
toufarG;rI
NyKMuolwdkUonf
ork'´&mapmifh
ewfrsm;udk
udk;pm;Muonfhenf;wl awm&yfa'oü vkyfudkifpm;aomufMuolwdkUuvnf; awmawmifO,smOf ponfwdkUudk ylaZmfMuonf/ xdkUNyif aumufyifpdkufysdK; atmifNrifvdkrItwGuf rdk;ewf ponfwdkUudk yoMu\/ om;qkyef&ef awmpdk; opfyifBuD;rsm;ü ½Sdrnfxifaom ewfwdkUudk wifaNr§mufMuonf/ þonfwdkUrSm xdkpOfu urÇmUvlom; tm;vHk;vdkvdkESifh oufqdkifaom udk;uG,frIrsm; Nzpfonf/ udk;uG,frItp? udk;uG,frI\ t"dyÜm,f[k azmfNytyfygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf) ------------------------------
rudk;uG,f&mESifh udk;uG,f&m Ak'¨NrwfpGmbk&m;
yGifhxGef;awmfrlvmNyD;aemuf
rudk;uG,f&mESifh
udk;uG,f&mudk
cGJNcm;í
a[mMum;ñTefNycJhygonf/ NrwfAk'¨a[mMum;rdefUrSmcJhonfrSm aewH acg o&PH acrH? aewH o&P rkwårH/ aewH o&P rm*r®? oAÁ'ku©m yrkpöwd/ ("r®y'/ *gxm-189) ]]þawm awmif tm&mrf t"du&opfyif paom udk;uG,f&m[lorQudk udk;uG,fNcif;onf ab;uif;aom
udk;uG,fNcif;
r[kwf/
Nrwfaom
udk;uG,fNcif;
r[kwf?
þudk;uG,f&m[lorQudk
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;aMumifh 'ku©cyfodrf;rS rvGwfaNrmufEdkif}} [lí Nzpfygonf/ þuJhodkU ½Sif;vif;xif½Sm;pGm a[mMum;cJhonf w&m;awmft& rudk;uG,f&mudk twdtus od½SdMu&ygonf/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
3
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) udk;uG,f&mESifh ywfoufívnf; NrwfpGmbk&m;onf a,m p Ak'¨Oö "r®Oö? oHCOö o&PH *awm/ pwåm&d t&d,opömed? or®yÜnm, yówd/ 'ku©H 'ku©orkyÜg'H? 'ku©ó p twduúrH/ t&d,H p|*ÐwH r*¾H? 'ku©Lyor*grdeH/ ("r®y'/ *gxm-190? 191) tMuifolonf
NrwfpGmbk&m;udk
vnf;aumif;?
w&m;awmfudkvnf;aumif;?
oHCmawmfudkvnf;aumif; udk;uG,fqnf;uyf\/ xdkolonf qif;&JtrSef ]]'ku©opöm}}? qif;&JNcif;\ taMumif;&if;trSef ]]ork',opöm}}? qif;&JvGwfaNrmuf&mtrSef ]]eda&m"opöm}}? qif;&JNidrf;&m ]]edAÁmef}}odkU a&mufaMumif;trSef? ]]t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom Nrwfaom r*¾opöm}} [laom t&d,opömav;yg;wdkUudk r*fynmNzifh aumif;pGm NrifEdkif\ }} [lí tus,fw0ifh a[mMum;ñTefNyawmfrlcJhonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf) ------------------------------
udk;uG,frSm;tNypf? udk;uG,frSeftusdK; NrwfpGmbk&m;onf Nrwfaomudk;uG,fNcif; r[kwfvQif rnfodkUrnfyHk tNypf usa&mufEdkifaMumif; azmfNyvwåHUyg *gxmNzifh a[mMum;rdefUrSmcJhygonf aewH acg o&PH acrH? aewH o&P rkwårH/ aewH o&P rm*r®? oAÁ'ku©m yrkpöwd/ ("r®y'/ *gxm-189) ]]þawm awmif tm&mrf t"du&opfyif paom udk;uG,f&m[lorQudk udk;uG,fNcif;onf ab;uif;aom
udk;uG,fNcif;
r[kwf/
Nrwfaom
udk;uG,fNcif;
r[kwf?
þudk;uG,f&m[lorQudk
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;aMumifh 'ku©cyfodrf;rS rvGwfaNrmufEdkif}} [lí Nzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh vlwdkUonf udk;uG,frIrSm;vQif 'ku©cyfodrf; ruif;Nidrf;EdkifbJ oHo&m0JMoCtwGif; w0Jvnfvnf usifvnf usufpm; ae&rnfom Nzpfayonf/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
4
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) udk;uG,frI rSefvQif tusdK;aus;Zl; rsm;pGm &½SdEdkifaMumif;udkvnf; Ak'¨NrwfpGmonf{wH acg o&PH acrH? {wH o&P rkwårH/ {wH o&P rm*r®? oAÁ'ku©m yrkpöwd/ ("r®y'/ *gxm-192) ]]þ&wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNzif;onf ab;r½Sdaom udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif; rnf\/ Nrwfaom
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;
rnf\/
þ&wemoHk;yg;udk
udk;uG,fNcif;aMumifh
'ku©cyfodrf;rS
vGwfaNrmuf\}} [k a[mMum; ñTefNyawmfrlcJhygonf/ xdkUaMumifh vlwdkUonf udk;uG,frIrSefvQif 'ku©cyfodrf; uif;Nidrf;NyD; vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om? NA[®mcsrf;omrsm;udk
&½SdEdkif½HkrQru
r*fzdkvfedAÁmefodkUwdkif
rsufarSmufNyKEdkifygaMumif;
a&;om;azmfNytyfygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf) ------------------------------
Ak'¨bmom0if NzpfcGifh oAÁnKbk&m;½Sifudk ]]Ak'¨}} [k ac:\/ xdkAk'¨½SifawmfNrwf\
w&m;awmfudk
]]Ak'¨bmom}}
[k
ac:\/
xdkAk'¨½SifawmfNrwf\
w&m;awmftwdkif; vdkufem aexdkifoludk ]]Ak'¨bmom0if}} [k ac:\/ xdk Ak'¨bmom0if Nzpfvdkol? odkUr[kwf Nzpfaeolonf Ak'¨ç "r®ç oHCç (bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm) &wemNrwf 3-yg;\ taMumif;udk aumif;pGmem;vnf&rnf/ r,HkMunfbl;vm;[k
xdkodkU
em;vnfNyD;aemuf
pOf;pm;xdkuf\/
r,HkMunfvQif
xdk&wem
3-yg;udk
]]Ak'¨bmom0ifyg}}
rdrd
[k
,HkMunfovm;?
aNymqdkaeaomfvnf;
]]Ak'¨bmom0if}} rNzpfEdkifao;yg? ,HkMunfvQifum; ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom o&P*Hk 3-yg;udk aqmufwnf&\/ xdktcg Ak'¨bmom0if tppfNzpf\/ ynm Ak'¨bmom0if/ bk&m;½Sifudk
/ xdk Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonf ÓPfESifh,SOfí epfepfumum ,HkMunfolum;
udk;uG,f&mü
oufawmfxif½Sm;
NrwfpGmbk&m;udk
pdwfxJü
xifvm
Nrifvmatmif
udk;uG,fonfhtNyif ½kyfyHk? apwDawmfrsm;udkvnf; (a½T½SdonfNzpfap? r½SdonfNzpfap) ausauseyfeyf
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
5
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) av;Nrwfavh ½Sd\/ w&m;udk udk;uG,f&müvnf; w&m;tppftrSef usrf;*ef yd#uESifh r*fzdkvf edAÁmefw&m;udk rSef;qí
tm;&yg;&
tawmftwefNynfhpHkaom
ylaZmf\/
oHCmudk
udk;uG,f&müvnf;
ykxkZOfrsm;udkvnf;aumif;?
okyÜ#dyEéwm
trSef;twm;tm;Nzifh
paom
*kPfwdkUESifh
t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;udk
vnf;aumif; udk;uG,f\/ xdk &wem 3-yg; twGufqdkvQif toufudkyif pGefU0Hh\/ þolum; ÓPfESifh,SOfaom Ak'¨bmom0if Nzpfolaywnf;/ o'¨g Ak'¨bmom0if/
/ olrsm;taNymaumif;í ,HkMunfaom o'¨gNzifh? odkUr[kwf rd½dk;zvmNzifh
Ak'¨bmom0ifNzpfaeolwdkUum; bk&m;ppf w&m;ppf oHCmppfwdkUü xdxda&mufa&muf o'¨gpdwfaygufol enf;yg;\/ (vHk;vHk; r½Sdbl;[k rqdkvdkyg) bk&m;udk MunfndK&mü oufawmfxif½Sm; NrwfpGmbk&m;xdatmif pdwfra&mufbJ ½kyfyHk? apwDawmfavmufom pdwfa&muf\/ ½kyfyHk? apwDawmfrsm;wGifvnf; aqGbk&m; rsdK;bk&m;
rdrdylaZmfxm;aom
½kyfyGg;apwDawmfrsm;udk
ydkrdkí
MunfndKwwfMu\/
a½TaNymifaNymif
apwD½kyfyGg;udkvnf; omí MunfndKMuao;\/ xdkUaMumifhyif rdrdwdkU\ &yf½Gmü a½Tr½Sdaom ½kyfyGg;apwDawmfrsm;udk ypfxm;cJhí NrdKUBuD; NyBuD;odkU bk&m;zl;oGm;Mu\/ tcgwpfyg;ü awmurdef;rwpfpk rEÅav;odkU oGm;cgeD;0,f ]]bk&m;zl; oGm;rvdkU? bk&m;zl; oGm;rvdkU}} [k us,favmif us,favmifESifh aNymqdkaeMuonfudk tawmfem;vnfaom ausmif;'umBuD;u ]]wdk;wdk;aNymMuyg[½dkU? wdkU½Gmu udk,fawmfNrwfawG Mum;vQif tm;emp&m Nzpfaeyghr,f}} [k Nyuf&,fNyKvdkufowJh? xdk o'¨g Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonf bk&m;MunfndKyHkom pnf;urf;rusonf r[kwfao;? w&m; oHCm MunfndKMu&mwGifvnf; pnf;urf;rJhvSacs\/ (usrf;udk;/
/ awmifNrdKU*E¨m½Hkq&mawmfBuD;\ &wemh*kPf&nf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
6
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) udk;uG,f&m &wemoHk;yg; Ak'¨&wem Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;onf Ak'¨&wem? "r®&wemESifh oHC&wemwnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,f&rnf Nzpfygonf/ owå0gwdkU\ ab;'ku©udk y,fazsmufzsufqD;wwfaomaMumifh Ak'¨? "r®? oHCmwnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg;udk o&P[lívnf; ac:a0:ygonf/ NrwfAk'¨udk udk;uG,fylaZmf&Ncif;rSm Ak'¨½Sifawmfbk&m;onf owå0gwdkUudk BuD;yGg;csrf;omaMumif; enf;vrf;ü NzpfapNcif;? rBuD;yGg; rcsrf;omaMumif; raumif;aom enf;vrf;rS qkwfepfapNcif;ESifh tNypfa'go tvHk;pHk uif;pifí *kPfaus;Zl;tvHk;pHkESifh NynfhpHkapNcif;wdkUaMumifhyif Nzpfonf/
"r®&wem "r®&wemwnf;[laom
bk&m;\
w&m;awmfudk
udk;uG,f&Ncif;rSm
w&m;awmfudk
usifhMuHvdkufemolwdkUudk b0oHo&mc&D;cJrS xkwfqGJu,fwifNcif;? w&m;usifhwkef;tcdkufESifh usifhNyD; aemufumvwdkUüvnf;
oufomrIudk
ay;apNcif;Nzifh
owå0gwdkU\
ab;'ku©udk
y,fazsmufzsufqD;apEdkifNcif;aMumifh Nzpfygonf/
oHCm&wem oHCmawmfudk tusdK;rsm;ap&ef
udk;uG,f&Ncif;rSm NyKNcif;Nzifh
tenf;i,frQaom oHCmawmfrsm;onf
aumif;rIukodkvfwdkUudk
BuD;us,fzGHUNzdK;
owå0gwdkU\
ab;'ku©udk
y,fazsmufzsufqD;apEdkifNcif;aMumifh Nzpfygonf/ xdk&wemoHk;yg;tm;
MunfndKav;pm;
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaomoludk
o&P*Hk
wnfol[k
ac:ygonf/ xdkolonf aumif;Nrwfaom b0odkU a&muf&rnf NzpfonfhNyif touf½SnfNcif;? tqif;vSNcif;? ta>ct&Haygrsm;Ncif; paom tusdK;rsm; &½Sdrnf Nzpfayonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
7
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) &wemoHk;yg; *kPfawmfzGifh qif;&Judk
y,fazsmufí
,HkMunftm;udk;wdkif;
csrf;omodkU
o&P*HkaNrmuf
qif;&Judk
a&mufapEdkif&eftwGuf y,fazsmufí
bk&m;[k
csrf;omodkU
xifrSwfí
a&mufapEdkifMuonf[k
rrSwf,loifhyg/ avmuü pdefausmuf&wemwdkif; &wemppf &wemrSef rSwfwifcH r[kwfbJ twkta,mif &wemrsm;
½SdEdkifouJhodkU
,HkMunfudk;uG,frIESifhpyfaom
bk&m;twkta,mifç t&mwGif
w&m;twkta,mifrsm;
]]pOf;pm;rI
a½SUwnfç
vGefpGmaygrsm;vSygonf/
,HkMunfrI
aemufxm;}}
[laom
a½S;ynm½SdBuD;rsm;\ owday;pum;udk tav;tpm; NyKoifhygonf/ ,HkMunfrI (o'¨g) tm;BuD;í pOf;pm;qifNcif;rI (ynm) tm;enf;onfhtwGuf tppf trSef r[kwfaom bk&m;ç rrSefaom w&m;wdkUudk rpOf;rpm; ,HkMunfNyD; tm;udk;rSm;vQif ]]ukef½IH;vQif wpfacguf}} qdkwmrsdK; r[kwfbJ ]]o&P*Hk½HI;vQif woHo&mvHk;arSmuf}} qdkwmrsdK; Nzpfum 'ku©oHo&mvnfrqHk; NzpfEdkifygonf/ ]]bk&m;rSwfvdkU udk;uG,fcJhwm zGwfxGufrS awmifydkUrSef; od&onf}} ? ]]usm;aMumufvdkU ½SifBuD;udk; ½SifBuD; usm;xufqdk; Nzpf&onf}} [laom owday;pum;rsm;onf ,HkMunfudk;uG,frItrSm;\ 'ku©udk o½kyfNy ay:vGifapygonf/ a'0'wfudk ,HkMunftm;xm;í zcif&if;udk owfrdonftxd trdkufZmwfcif;um
i&Jvm;cJh&aom
tZmwowfrif;\
Nzpf&yfrSm
udk;uG,frItrSm;twGuf
om"uxifapaom tcsufyif Nzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh udk,fydkiftodÓPf ynmNzifh wu,fhrSwfwifcH tppftrSefNzpfaom bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemrsm;udk pdppfa½G;cs,f udk;uG,fwwf&ef vdktyfygonf/ ]]ynm½Sd}}
[lí
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfzdkUta&;ü
qdk&mü
avmuDt&mrSm
ynmrsm;pGm
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrIynmum;
½SdcsifrS
½Sdaomfvnf; ½Sdrnf?
&wemoHk;yg; tvdktavsmuf
xdk;xGif;wwfodEdkifonfh ynmrsdK; r[kwfaomaMumifh ]][kwfpGr½Sdu iuef;vrf;rod}} qdkwmrsdK;om NzpfEdkifygonf/ xdkUaMumifh udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrIynmü uRrf;usifvdr®mrI½Sdap&ef ]]&wemoHk;yg; *kPfawmfzGifh}} rsm;udk qufvufavhvmoifhygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
8
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) Ak'¨bmomtNzpf cH,lNcif; pdwfxm;rSefuefNcif; vlUavmuwGif pdwfxm;NzLpif aNzmifhrwfrSefuef&ef ta&;BuD;vS\/ pdwfxm;NzLpif aNzmifhrwfrSefuefrSom ,HkMunfrI tm;aumif;onf/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;onf wpHkwa,mufaomoludk aMumuf½GHUaomaMumifh
qnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;rsdK;
rNzpfap&yg/
wpHkwa,mufaomolu
cdkif;apaomaMumifhvnf; rNzpfap&yg/ ypönf;vmbfvmbç tmPmç yg0g ponfwdkUudk &,lvdkaomaMumifh &wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;rsdK; rNzpfap&yg/ rdrdudk,fwdkifu ]]bk&m;tppf bk&m;trSefç w&m;tppf w&m;trSefç oHCmtppf oHCmtrSef wu,fNzpfonf}}
[k
,HkMunfouf0ifaomaMumifh
&wemoHk;yg;udk
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;rsdK;om
Nzpfap&ygrnf/ þodkU ppfrSefaom bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNyD; w&m;tppf trSeftusifhrsm;udk
vdkufemusifhoHk;
BudK;pm;t;xkwfygu
vufiif;tm;Nzifh
pdwfcsrf;omrI
&½SdNyD;
0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS {uefrkcs uif;vGwfEdkifonf[k rdrdudk,fwdkif rrSdwfrokef ,HkMunfouf0ifaomaMumifh &wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;rsdK; Nzpfap&ygrnf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf) ------------------------------
o&P*kH ygXfç teuf 1/ Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/ 2/ "r®H o&PH *pämrd/ 3/ oHCH o&PH *pämrd/ «'kwd,rÜd? wwd,rÜd okH;acgufqkdav» 1/ Ak'¨H=jrwfpGmbk&m;udk? o&PH-o&PH£wd? 'ku©uif;aysmuf csrf;oma&mufzdkY axmuf&mç wnf&mç udk;uG,f&m[lí? *pämrd=qnf;uyfyg\/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
9
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) 2/ "r®H=r*fav;wefç zdkvfav;wefç edAÁmefç y&d,wf- tjrwfq,fazmf w&m;awmfudk? o&PHo&PH£wd='ku©uif;aysmuf
csrf;oma&mufzdkY
axmuf&mç
wnf&mç
udk;uG,f&m[lí?
*pämrd=qnf;uyfyg\/ 3/ oHCH=oDv0efç *kP0efç yn0efç uvsmPykxkZÆef t½SifrGef t½SifjrwfwdkESifhwuG y&rw¬oHCm t&d,myk*¾Kdvftaygif;udk/
o&PH-o&PH£wd='ku©uif;aysmuf
csrf;oma&mufzdkY
axmuf&mçwnf&mç
udk;uG,f&m-[lí? *pämrd=qnf;uyfyg\/ «aMuaMu rGrG&ap/» o&P*kH ygXfç teufNyD;\/ (usrf;udk;/
/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk tzGifh 1- Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrdç "r®H o&PH *pämrdç oHCH o&PH *pämrd/ 2- 'kwd,rÜd Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrdç 'kwd,rÜd . . . *pämrd/ 3- wwd,rÜd Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrdç wwd,rÜd . . . *pämrd/ 1/ Ak'¨H- NrwfpGmbk&m;udk? o&PH- udk;uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí? *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyfç odrSwfyg\/ "r®H- w&m;awmfNrwfudk? o&PH- udk;uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí? *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyfç odrSwfyg\/ oHCH? t&d,moHCmawmfNrwfudk? o&PH- udk;uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí? *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyfç odrSwfyg\/ 2/ 'kwd,rÜd- ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf; . . . a½SUtwdkif;qdk/ 3/ wwd,rÜd- oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf; . . . a½SUtwdkif;qdk/ o&P*Hk/
/
]]o&P+*er}}
[laom
ygVdrS
]]o&P*Hk}}
[k
Nrefrmpum;
Nzpfvmonf/
(o&P=udk;uG,f&m[lí+*re=todtrSwfNyKvsuf qnf;uyfNcif;) ]]bk&m; w&m; t&d,moHCmonf udk;uG,f&m tppfNzpf\}} [k todtrSwfNyKvsuf ½dkaoav;Nrwf qnf;uyfvdkaom ukodkvfapwemudk
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
10
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) ]]o&P*Hk}} [k ac:\/ 1-bk&m; udk;uG,frI? 2- w&m;udk;uG,frI? 3- t&d,moHCm udk;uG,frI tm;Nzifh 3yg;½Sdonf/ ]]o&P*Hk 3yg;}} [k ,ckumv ac:MuonfrSmvnf; þ 3yg;yifwnf;/ rdrdoEÅmefü xdk&wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,f vdkaom pdwfapwemNzpfaeaMumif; xif½Sm;NyzdkU&m ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom ygVdpum;udkNzpfap? ]]bk&m;udk;uG,fyg\}} paom Nrefrmpum;udkNzpfap? ½GwfqdkNcif;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNcif; rnf\/ xdkodkU aqmufwnf&m0,f . . . Ak'¨H/
/ Ak'¨H-t& bk&m;[k qdk&mü ½kyfyHk ½kyfyGg; qif;wkapwDawmfrsm;avmufwGif pdwfrxm;bJ bk&m;
*kPfawmfzGifhüNycJhaom ]]bk&m;½Sif}} udk &nfrSef;í xm;&m\/ "r®H/
/ "r®H-t& w&m;[k qdk&mü "r®uxduawG? oH½SnfoHwdkqGJí ,yfvSJ ,yfaxmif w&m;rsm;ESifh
pmtkyfaypmawGavmufwGif pdwfrxm;bJ "r®pMum? tewåvu©Pokwf? r[mowdy|mef paom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfç t|uxm usrf;pmtpOfESifh r*f zdkvf edAÁmef w&m;udk &nfrSef;xm;&m\/ oHCH/ / oHCH-t& oHCm[k qdk&mü ,ckumv &[ef;oHCmavmufwGif pdwfrxm;bJ oHCmh*kPfü NycJhaom t&d,moHCmudk &nfrSef;xm;&m\/ þodkU &nfrSef;EdkifrSom ]]o&P*Hk}} tppftrSef &rnf/ udk; uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m/ / &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf tyg,fqif;&J? oHo&mqif;&JwdkUrS rusra&mufatmif a[mawmfrlaomtm;Nzifh apmifha½Smufawmfrlay&um; . . . udk; = &wem oHk;yg;udk udk;pm;&m (tm;udk;p&m) [lí vnf;aumif;? uG,f = ab;&efay:vmvQif umuG,fzdkU&m [lí vnf;aumif;? vJavsmif; = (rdbtay:rSm ,HkMunfí om;orD;rsm; vJavsmif; tdyfaeovdk) &wemoHk;yg;udk aumif;pGm ,HkMunfí vJavsmif;zdkU&m [lí vnf;aumif;? ykef;atmif; = tyg,fab; ra&mufatmif ykef;atmif;aezdkU [lí vnf;aumif;? rSDcdk = rdbu om;orD;udk rSDcdkouJhodkU rSDcdkzdkU&m [lí vnf;aumif; todtrSwfNyKvsuf ]]ESpfESpfoufouf rSD0J qnf;uyfyg\}} [k qdkvdkonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ awmifNrdKU*E¨m½Hkq&mawmfBuD;\ &wemh*kPf&nf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
11
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*Hk oHk;yg; 1/
Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/ "r®H o&PH *pämrd/ oHCH o&PH *pämrd/
2/
'kwd,rÜd Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/ 'kwd,rÜd "r®H o&PH *pämrd/ 'kwd,rÜd oHCH o&PH *pämrd/
3/
wwd,rÜd Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/ wwd,rÜd "r®H o&PH *pämrd/ wwd,rÜd oHCH o&PH *pämrd/
o&P*Hk oHk;yg; teuf 1/ Ak'¨H? NrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/ -"r®H? r*fzdkvfedAÁmef "r®u©ef[k q,fwefydkif;Nzwf q,fyg;aom w&m;awmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/ -oHCH? oHCmawmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/ 2/ 'kwd,rÜd? ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf;/ Ak'¨H? NrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/ - 'kwd,rÜd? ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf;/ "r®H? r*fzdkvfedAÁmef "r®u©ef[k q,fwefydkif;Nzwf q,fyg;aom w&m;awmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/ - 'kwd,rÜd? ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf;/ oHCH? oHCmawmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/ 3/ wwd,rÜd? oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf;/ Ak'¨H? NrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
12
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) -wwd,rÜd? oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf;/ "r®H? r*fzdkvfedAÁmef "r®u©ef[k q,fwefydkif;Nzwf q,fyg;aom w&m;awmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/ -wwd,rÜd? oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf;/ oHCH? oHCmawmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/
o&P*HkoHk;yg; cH,laqmufwnfyHk ]]o&P*re}} [laom ygVdyk'frS *reudk *HkodkU aNymif;í o&P*Hk [k NrefrmrI NyKxm;Ncif; Nzpf\/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfNcif;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNcif; Nzpf\/ ]]bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;omvQif udk;uG,f&m tppftrSef}} [k ,HkMunfodrSwfvsuf ½dkaoav;Nrwf qnf;uyfvdkaom ukodkvfapwem (r[mukodkvfpdwf apwoduf emrf cE¨mtaygif;) udk ]]o&P*Hk}} [k ac:\/ udk;uG,frItm;Nzifh 1/ bk&m; ukd;uG,frI? 2/ w&m; ukd;uG,frI? 3/ oHCm ukd;uG,frI [lí oHk;yg;½Sdygonf/ þoHk;yg;udkyif ]]o&P*HkoHk;yg;}} [k ac:Ncif;Nzpf\/ rdrdoEÅmefü
&wemoHk;yg;udk
(r[mukodkvfpdwf
apwoduf
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qnf;uyfudk;uG,fvdkaom
cE¨mtaygif;)
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0efcHuwday;xm;aomtm;Nzifh ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom ygVdpum;udk oHk;BudrfNynfhatmif ½GwfqdkNcif;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNcif; Nzpf\/ EIwfNzifh ½Gwfqdk&rnf/ pdwful;½HkrQNzifh aqmufwnf&m ra&muf/ vl0wfaMumifrsm;taeNzifh ygVdbmom r[kwfaomfvnf; rdrdwdkU uRrf;usifaom bmompum;Nzifh ]]bk&m;udk
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyg\/
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyg\}}
[laom
w&m;udk t"dyÜm,f
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyg\/
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oHCmawmfudk
av;euf,HkMunfpGm
o&P*Hk
aqmufwnfEdkifygonf/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
13
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) Ak'¨bmom0ifNzpfolonf &[ef;awmf wpfyg;yg;\ a½SUarSmufwGif ½dkaopGm xdkif½Sdcdk;í MoumoNzifh uefawmhNyD;rS ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} ponfNzifh yDopGm ½Gwfqdkvsuf o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnf&rnf/ &[ef;oHCmr½Sdaom ae&ma&mufaeygu ½kyfyGg;ç qif;wkç apwDawmfwdkU\ a½SUwGif ½dkaopGm xdkif½Sdcdk;í MoumoNzifh uefawmhNyD;rS o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnf&rnf/ ]]tZÆwa*¾ ygPkaywH Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} ponfNzifhvnf; aqmufwnfEdkifonf/ ]]tZÆwa*¾ ygPkaywH? ,aeUrSpí toufqHk;onfwdkifatmif}} [k teufay;yg/ (usrf;udk;/
/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk½Sif;vif;csuf Ak'¨bmom0if rNzpfao;olrsm; Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfa,mufNzpfvm&ef ]]o&P*Hk}} udk a½S;OD;pGm aqmufwnf&\/ Ak'¨bmom0if NzpfNyD;olrsm; ]]ig;yg;ç ½Spfyg;ç udk;yg;ç q,fyg;}} paom oDvrsm;udk cH,laqmufwnf&müvnf;aumif;? ½SifNyK&[ef;cH NyKvkyf&müvnf;aumif; ]]o&P*Hk}} udk a½S;OD;pGm cH,laqmufwnf&\/ ]]o&P*Hk}} onf omoemawmfodkU tpueOD; 0ifaygufNzpfí Ak'¨bmomtNzpf pwifcH,lNcif; Nzpfygonf/ ñdI;EGrf;aom o&P*Hkudk Nyefvnf ta&mifwif&ef aeUpOf o&P*Hk cH,laqmufwnf&onf/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk ygVdbmom o&P*re udk Nrefrmvdk o&P*Hk [kac:onf/ o&P = udk;uG,f&m? tm;udk;&m? tm;xm;&m/ *re = ,HkMunfqnf;uyfNcif;/ NrwfpGmbk&m;onf tm;udk;&m o&P/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonf tm;udk;&m o&P/ oHCmawmftaygif;onf tm;udk;&m o&P/ vlwdkUu tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfNcif;onf *re = *Hk/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
14
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) xdkUaMumifh bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfNcif;udk o&P *re = o&P*Hk oHk;yg;[k ac:onf/ 1/ NrwfpGmbk&m;udk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfvQif Ak'¨o&P*Hk wnfonf/ 2/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfvQif "r®o&P*Hk wnfonf/ 3/ oHCmawmftaygif;udk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfvQif oHCo&P*Hk wnfonf/ o&P*Hk wnfolonf Ak'¨bmom0if? Ak'¨omoem0if Nzpfonf/ aqmifyk'f &wemoHk;Nzm? tm;udk;&m[k? qnf;uyfNyK? ac:rI o&P*Hk/ o&P*HkoHk;yg;? wnfolrsm;? &Nim;csrf;ompHk/ (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
o&P*HkESifh o&P*Hkwnfol o&P*re=(o&P+*re/o&P=udk;uG,f&m[k+*re=,HkMunfodrSwfqnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;/) ]]o&P+*re}} [laomygVdrS ]]o&P*Hk}} [k Nrefrmpum; Nzpfvmonf/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ]]udk;uG,f&mtppfNzpf\}} [k ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,faom ukodkvfpdwfudk ]]o&P*Hk}} [k ac:onf/ þukodkvfpdwfNzifh &wemoHk;yg;tay: ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,faeoludk ]]o&P*Hkwnfol}} [k ac:onf/
o&P*HkaqmufwnfNcif; o&P*Hkaqmufwnfvdkolonf ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom ygVdbmomudkNzpfap? ]]bk&m;udk udk;uG,fyg\}}
paom
NrefrmbmomudkNzpfap
½Gwfqdk
aqmufwnf&rnf/
,if;odkU
½GwfqdkaqmufwnfNcif;onf rdrdwdkUoEÅmefü &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fvdkaom o'¨gynm Ny|mef;onfh ukodkvfpdwåKyÜg'frsm;NzpfaeaMumif; xif½Sm;ay:vGifatmif azmfNyNcif; Nzpf\/ ½Gwfqdkaqmufwnf&mü 0wfaus0wfuHk ½GwfqdkumrQ r[kwf? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: wu,f,HkMunf udk;uG,fvdkaom o&P*Hkpdwfvnf; ½Sd&rnf/ o&P*Hkudk rdrdudk,fwdkifu ,Hk,HkMunfMunf rcH,l
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
15
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) raqmufwnfvQif
rnfonfhyk*¾dKvfurQ
ay;í
r&Edkifyg/
udk,fwdkifudk,fus
,Hk,HkMunfMunf
bk&m;ç
ponfrSmNzpfap?
cH,laqmufwnfrSom &Edkifygonf/ o&P*Hkudk
aqmufwnf&mwGifvnf;
&[ef;awmfwyg;yg;xHrSmNzpfap?
apwDç
ykxdk;ç
rdrdtvdktavsmufNzpfap
qif;wk
,Hk,HkMunfMunf
cH,laqmufwnfvQif
o&P*Hkudk r&r½Sd? &Edkifonfcsnf; Nzpf\/ wBudrf wpfcgrQ cH,laqmufwnfxm;vQif o&P*Hkpdwfudk rpGefUorQç Ak'¨bmom0iftNzpfrS tNcm; bmom0iftNzpfodkU raNymif;orQ touf½SifaeorQ o&P*Hk wnfEdkifygonf/
vlUo&P*HkESifh ½Sifho&P*Hk þü o&P*HkaqmufwnfyHk ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom ygVdbmomonf omrnynm½Sd u0dyk*¾dKvfwdkU zGJUqdkxm;aom pum;r[kwfyg? bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwdkif ½Sif&[ef;NyK&ef cGifhNyKawmfrl&mrS pwifay:aygufvmaom
pum;Nzpfonf/
o&P*HkaqmufwnfMu&mü
vl0wfaMumifwdkUtzdkU
ygVdbmomNzifhNzpfap? tNcm; Nrefrmç t*Fvdyfç *syef paom ESpfouf&m bmom(pum;) wrsdK;rsdK;NzifhNzpfap vdktyfovdk
½Gwfqdkí
aqmufwnfEdkifMu\/
ed½kwådy#dorÇd'gÓPf
taNccH&a&;twGuf
taxmuftulNzpfapEdkifaomaMumifh ygVdbmomNzifh ½GwfqdkaqmufwnfEdkifvQifum; taumif;qHk;Nzpf\/ ½SifomraP(NyKvdkol)wdkU ½GwfqdkaqmufwnfEdkifcGifh½Sdí
tzdkUum; ,if;odkU
rm*"bmomac:
ygVdbmom
½Gwfqdkaqmufwnf&müvnf;
wpfrsdK;wnf;Nzifhom
Xmefu½dkPf;usus
yDyDoo
½Gwfqdk&aMumif; owdNyKoifhMuygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
o&P*HktppftrSef vl ewf NA[®mtaygif; wpfavmuvHk;\ udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&m tppftrSef Nzpfawmfrlaom bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmwnf;[laom &wem NrwfoHk;yg;wdkUtay:ü 'd|d(t,lrSm;rI)? 0dpdudpäm(,HkrSm; oHo,NzpfrI)? oar®m[(awGa0rI)? to'¨d,(r,HkMunfrI) wnf;[laom raumif;aom udavom tukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk y,fazsmufí xdk&wemNrwfoHk;yg;omvQif udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&m[k trSefwu,f ,HkMunf MunfndKNcif; o'¨gw&m;
trSefwu,f?
,HkMunfudk;pm;
tm;xm;&m[k
odNrifaom
ynm?
av;pm;Ncif;
*½ktNcif;t&mrsm;Nzifh rdrdwdkUo@mefü Nzpfay:aom ukodkvf pdwf? apwodufwdkUomvQif tzdk;rNzwfEdkifaom o&P*Hk tppftrSefrnf\/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
16
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*Hk\ t"dyÜg,f ygVdbmom o&P *reudk Nrefrmvdk o&P*Hk[k ac:onf/ o&P + *re = o&P*Hk
o&P o&PqdkonfrSm zsufqD;wwfaom 0w¬Krsm;Nzpfí udk;uG,f&m? vJavsmif;&m? ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m? tm;xm;&mNzpf\/ wpfenf;tm;Nzifh bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf zsufqD;wwfaom 0w¬Krsm;Nzpfí &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk qdkvdkonf/ bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfNrwfonf
owå0gwdkU\
tusdK;pD;yGg;udk
vrf;nTefNcif;Nzifhvnf;aumif;?
tpD;tyGg;rJh tusdK;rJhudk wm;NrpfNcif;Nzifhvnf;aumif;? owå0gwdkU\ab;udk zsufqD;wwf\/ rsufarSmuf? rsufuG,f[lorQwGif raumif;rIrNyKMubJ oDv? orm"d? ynmwdkUNzifh NynfhpHkatmif usifhMuHtm;xkwfMu&ef enf;vrf;toG,foG,fNzifh
a[mMum;awmfrlNcif;Nzifh
owå0gwdkUtm;
tusdK;rJhw&m;wdkUrS
wm;Nrpfí
tpD;tyGg;udk NzpfxGef;ap\/ ½SifawmfNrwfbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonf w&m;awmftwdkif;usifhygu owå0gwdkU\ umrb0? ½lyb0?
t½lyb0qdkonfh
b0oHo&mBuD;udk
vGefaNrmufapNcif;Nzifh
ab;udk
y,fazsmufwwf\/
r*fw&m;onf b0udk vGefaNrmufapaomw&m;? zdkvfw&m;onf csrf;omrItppftrSefudk ay;EdkifpGrf;½Sdaom w&m;rsm;Nzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh owå0gwdkU\ ab;udk y,fazsmufay;EdkifpGrf;½Sd\/ oHCmawmfNrwfonf
vSL'gef;ylaZmf
qnf;uyfMuaom
yk*¾dKvfwdkUtm;
tusdK;BuD;Nrwfatmif
aqmif½Gufay;EdkifNcif;Nzifh owå0gwdkU\ab;udk zsufqD;wwf\/ xdkUaMumifh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf 0#fab;udk zsufqD;wwf\/ 0#fab;qdkonfrSm ur®0#f (ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHrsm;)? udavom0#f (t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef qdkonfhw&m;rsm;ESifh)? 0dygu0#f (0dnmOf? emrf? ½kyf? y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;rsm;) wnf;[laom 0#foHk;yg;\ab;udk qdkvdk\/ þ0#foHk;yg;aMumifh owå0grsm;onf 'ku©trsdK;rsdK; awGUMuHK&í qif;&JMu&ukef\/ &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf owå0gwdkU\ pdwfxdwfvefUNcif;? udk,fqif;&JNcif; 'ku©rsm;? tyg,fodkU vm;a&muf&Ncif; 'ku©rsm; tp½Sdonfhab;&efrsm;? qif;&J'ku©rsm; tm;vHk;udk zsufqD;wwf\/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
17
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*HkoHk;yg;onf
ppfrSefaomudk;uG,f&m
tyPÖuy#dy'g
rcRwf,Gif;
rrSm;Edkifaom
tusifhNzpfaomaMumifh aumif;usdK;udkom Nzpfapaom qif;&JNcif;udk y,fazsmufwwfaom ukodkvfw&m; ukodkvfpdwfNzpf\/ xdkUaMumifhowå0gwdkU\ ab;[lorQudk y,fazsmufwwfaom owå0gwdkU\ udk;uG,f&m (avmuD? avmukwå&mESpfNzmwGif aumif;usdK;csrf;omNzpfapEdkifoNzifh tm;udk;Ncif;? ab;&ef[lorQ umuG,fNcif;)? vJavsmif;&m
(,HkMunfrItNynfh½Sdí
vJavsmif;zdkU&m)?
ykef;atmif;&m
(ab;'ku©ra&mufatmif
ykef;atmif;zdkU&m)? rSDcdk&m (trSDo[JNyKzdkU&m)? tm;xm;&mtrSefNzpfaom &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf o&Prnf\/
*re ,HkMunfpGm qnf;uyfNcif;? todtrSwfNyKNcif;udk *re[kac:onf/ wpfenf;tm;Nzifh oHo&m 0#f'ku© qif;&JNcif;taygif;rS vGwfaNrmufap&ef rdrdu udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m trSef[lí rSD0Jqnf;uyf todrSwfNyKNcif;yifNzpf\/
o&P*Hk Ak'¨omoemawmfudk pNyD; ouf0if,HkMunfum tpOD;qHk; cH,l&mNzpfonfh ukodkvfaumif;rI wpfrsdK;yif Nzpf\/ wpfenf;tm;Nzifh Ak'¨omoem0if tNzpf cH,l&m omoemh0ifaygufvnf; Nzpf\/ o&P*Hkonf o&P*rerS qif;oufvm\/ o&P*reqdkonfrSm bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;wdkUudk udk;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyfaMumif;Nzpfaom ukodkvfw&m;? ukodkvfpdwåKyÜg'fudk qdkvdkonf/ wpfenf;tm;Nzifh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,faom tNcif;t&mtm;Nzifh Nzpfaom rdrdoEÅmefrS ukodkvfpdwf? apwodufw&m;taygif;udk ac:\/ xdkukodkvfpdwfwGif o&P*HktxaNrmuf\/
apwodufrsm;vnf;ygoNzifh þwGif
o'¨gqdkonfrSm
,HkMunfrIo'¨gESifh
&wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk
ynmygrS
udk;uG,f&m
trSef[lí
em;vnf,HkMunfNcif;ESifh ynmqdkonfrSm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,f&m trSef[lí odaomtodÓPfudk qdkvdkonf/ xdkUNyif
udk;uG,fxdkufonfh
0w¬Kuvnf;
trSefwu,f
udk;uG,f&m
NzpfaMumif;rSefrS
o&P*HkaNrmuf\/ odkUNzpfí udk;uG,fwdkif; o&P*Hk rNzpfonfudk rSwf&m\/ oHo&m0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
18
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) vGwfaNrmufap&ef rdrdu udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m[lí qnf;uyfNcif;? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf qif;&Jy,fazsmuf? csrf;oma&mufatmif apmifha½SmifhwwfaMumif; odaompdwfwdkUonf o&P*Hkrnf\/ (usrf;udk;/
/ OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH) ------------------------------
o&P*HkygVd\ teuf -Ak'¨H? NrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ o&PH? udk;uG,f&m[lí/ *pämrd? ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyf udk;uG,fyg\ t½Sifbk&m;/ -"r®H? w&m;awmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? udk;uG,f&m[lí/ *pämrd? ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyf udk;uG,fyg\ t½Sifbk&m;/ -oHCH? oHCmawmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? udk;uG,f&m[lí/ *pämrd? ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyf udk;uG,fyg\ t½Sifbk&m;/ ('kwd,rÜd?
ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf;/
Ak'¨H-ponfwdkU\
teufudk
a½S;twdkif;
qdkyg/
wwd,rÜd?
oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf;/ Ak'¨H-ponfwdkU\ teufudk a½S;twdkif; qdkyg/) (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk cH,lyHk 4-rsdK; o&P*Hk cH,l&mü cH,lyHk tNcif;t&m 4 rsdK;½Sd\/ xdk 4 rsdK;udkyif o&P*Hk 4 rsdK;[k ac:a0:Mu\/ ¤if; 4 rsdK;wdkUrSm 1/ twåoEéd,smwe o&P*Hk 2/ wyÜ&m,Pwm o&P*Hk 3/ odóbm0ly*re o&P*Hk 4/ yPdygw o&P*Hk 1/ &wemoHk;yg;udk tm½HkNyKvsuf ]],aeUrS tpNyKí igonf ig\udk,fudk bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tm;
tyfESif;yg\}}
[k
rdrdudk,fudk
&wemoHk;yg;tm;
pGefUvTwftyfESif;Ncif;udk
twåoEéd,smwe o&P*Hk [kac:onf/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
19
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) 2/ ]],aeUrS pí igonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;omvQif tm;udk;yg\? tm;xm;yg\/ udk;uG,fyg\/
vnf;avsmif;yg\}}
[k
&wemoHk;yg;udkom
tm;udk;
tm;xm;Ncif;?
udk;uG,fvnf;avsmif;Ncif;udk wyÜ&m,Pwm o&P*Hk [kac:onf/ 3/ ]],aeUrS pí igonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ teD;aewynfh Nzpfonf}} [k &wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpf uyfa&mufNcif;? cH,lNcif;udk odóbm0ly*re o&P*Hk [kac:onf/ 4/ ]],aeUrS pí igonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udkomvQif ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c&D;OD;MudKNcif;? vuftkyfcsDNcif;? t½dktaoNyKNcif; trIwdkUudk NyKyg\}} [k &wemNrwfoHk;yg;ü txGwftNrwftNzpfNzifh vGefpGm ½dkaoyspf0yfNcif;udk yPdygw o&P*Hk [kac:onf/ þudk;uG,fqnf;uyfyHk av;rsdK;wGif wpfrsdK;rsdK;Nzifh tm;udk;tm;xm;&mtNzpf udk;uG,fqnf;uyfvWif o&P*Hk cH,lrIudpö NyD;aNrmufonf/ (oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxm? pm 206-7) (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
o&P*Hkaqmufwnfenf; 4-rsdK; ]]Ak'¨H
o&PH
*pämrd}}
ponfNzifh
½Gwfqdkí
o&P*Hk
aqmufwnfenf;rSwyg;
o&P*Hkaqmufwnfenf; 4-rsdK;udk usrf;*efwdkUü NyqdkMuao;\/ ,if;o&P*Hk aqmufwnfenf; 4rsdK;um; 1/
bk&m;ç
w&m;ç
oHCm
&wemNrwfoHk;yg;tm;
,HkMunfpdwfNzifh?
rdrdudk,fudk
tyfESif;Ncif;
(twåoEéd,smwe)/ w&m;tm;xkwfolwdkU rdrdcE¨mudk,ftay: wG,fwmrIr½Sdatmif ]]bkef;awmfBuD;aom NrwfpGmbk&m;- wynfhawmfonf þcE¨mudk,fudk NrwfpGmbk&m;tm; pGefUvSL tyfESif;ygonfbk&m;}} [lí ur®|mef; rpD;Nzef;rD rdrdudk,fudk pGefUvSLNcif;rsdK; Nzpfygonf/ 2/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;rS wyg; udk;uG,fvJavsmif;&m rSDcdktm;xm;&m r½Sd? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;omvQif aomwmyef
udk;uG,fvJavsmif;&m
tmV0ubDvl;BuD;onf
rSDcdktm;xm;&m
&wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay:
½Sd\[k
cH,lNcif;
(wyÜ&m,P)/
tvGeftm;xm;,HkMunfoNzifh
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
pdwfü
20
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) rsdKodyfxm;EdkifpGrf; r½Sd&um; ]]wynfhawmfonf a&mufav&m t&yfwdkif;ü bk&m;½Siftm; tNrJ ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfvsuf w&m;awmfNrwfudkvnf; tvGefaumif;Nrwfaom w&m;[k aNymqdkum vSnfhvnfoGm;vm aexdkifygrnf}} [k cH,laom o&P*HkrsdK; Nzpfygonf/ 3/bk&m;ç
w&m;ç
t½Sifr[muóy\
oHCm
&wemNrwfoHk;yg;\
&wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay:
wynfhtNzpfudk
wu,fh
bk&m;ç
cH,lNcif;
w&m;ç
(odóbm0ly*re)/
oHCm
tppftrSeftNzpf
,HkMunfouf0ifí bk&m;½Siftm; NrifvQifNrifcsif; wynhftNzpf rSwfawmfrl&ef wynfhcH avQmufxm;vsuf wynfhtNzpf cH,lNcif;rsdK; Nzpfygonf/ 4/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ½dkaoav;NrwfpGm ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (yPdygw)/ bk&m;½Sif\ aNcawmfudk acgif;Nzifh wdkufç yg;pyfNzifh pkyfç vufNzifh tm;&yg;&qkyfe,fum ]]t½Sifbk&m; . . . wynhfawmf NA[®m,k ykPÖm;ygbk&m;}} [k trnf azmfMum; avQmufxm;vsuf ½Sdcdk;Ncif;rsdK; Nzpfygonf/ tcsKyftm;Nzifh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tm; ,HkMunfpdwfNzifh rdrdudk,fudk tyfESif;Ncif;? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk rSDcdktm;xm;Ncif;? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpfudk cH,lNcif;ESifh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ½dkaopGm ½Sdcdk;Ncif; av;rsdK;teuf
wrsdK;rsdK;Nzifh
aqmufwnfvQif
]]Ak'¨H
o&PH
*pämrd}}
ponf
r½Gwfqdkapumrl
o&P*HkwnfEdkifygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
&wemoHk;yg;ESifhpyfí rSwfzG,f bk&m; w&m;/
/
,cktcg
pOf;pm;avh½SdolwdkUonf
]]Ak'¨H
o&PH
*pämrd}}
paom
o&P*Hkü
]]oufawmfxif½Sm; NrwfpGmbk&m;udk udk;uG,f&rnf/ apwDawmfrsm;um; bk&m;½Sif\ t½dk;"mwfawmfudk Xmyemxm;&m
Nzpfívnf;aumif;?
½kyfyHk
qif;wkawmfrsm;rSm
bk&m;½Sif\
yHkawmfudk
pGrf;EdkiforQ
twkNyKvkyfxm;aom yHkawmfrsm; Nzpfívnf;aumif; bk&m;½Sifudk &nfrSef;í udk;uG,fylaZmf&m Xmersm; NzpfMuonf}} [k em;vnfMuayNyD/ w&m;udk udk;uG,f&müvnf; ]]udavom tnpftaMu;wdkUudk y,f½Sm;Edkifaom r*fw&m;? zdkvfw&m;? edAÁmefw&m;awmfrsm;ESifh bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrltyfaom w&m;ppf w&m;rSefrsm;udkom udk;uG,f&rnf}} [k em;vnfMuayNyD/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
21
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) oHCm/ / ]]oHCmudk udk;uG,fyg\}} [k o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&müum; pdwfxJrSm &[ef;oHCmtrsdK;rsdK; ay:vmaomaMumifh ausauseyfeyf udk;uG,fvdkpdwf rNzpfEdkifMu/ xdkodkU Nzpf&ü bkef;BuD;wdkU uav;t½G,fu pdwfaepdwfxm;udk Nyefí owd&awmhonf/ bk&m;½Sdcdk;&mü uav;\ pdwfonf a½SUrSm½Sdaom apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfxuf ydkvGefí bk&m;½Sif tppfwdkifatmif rrSef;EdkifcJhyg/ txufwef;pmudk oif&aomtcgusrS apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfrsm;udk ½Sdcdk;wdkif; bk&m;½Siftppfa&mufatmif xGif;azmufí tm½HkNyKEdkifygonf/ xdkUtwl ykxkZOf &[ef; oHCmrsm;udk apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfrsm;uJhodkU oabmxm;í t&d,m NzpfNyD;aom &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk bk&m;tppfvdk oabmxm;vsuf pOf;pm;Munfhaomtcg tawmf pdwf½Sif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
apwDawmf?
qif;wkawmfrsm;udk
a½Twd*Hk?
r[mNrwfrkedwdkUuJhodkU
tvGef
tqifhtwef; Nrifhaeonfudkvnf; zl;awGUMu&\/ bk&m;'um bk&m;trESifh udk;uG,fol ½Gmom;wdkU tNyKtNyif
rwwfrIaMumifh
royÜm,faom
apwDawmf?
qif;wkawmfrsm;udkvnf;
(rvTJra½Smifom)
NrifawGU&\/ oyÜm,faom apwDawmf qif;wkawmfrsm;udk zl;aNrmf&aomtcg vGefpGm tm;&í oufawmfxif½Sm; bk&m;udkvnf; owd&ouJhodkU tqifhtwef; NrifhNrifhESifh w&m;usifhaeaom omoemhwm0efudk tm;oGef MudK;pm;aeaom
&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk
zl;aNrmf&aomtcg
]]aMomf
bk&m;vufxufawmfü
t½Sifr[muóy paom oHCmawmfrsm;onf þodkU usifhawmfrlMuayvdrfhrnf/ t½Sifom&dykwå&m? t½Sifarm*¾v’mef? t½SifOygvd? t½SiftEk½k'¨g? t½SiftmeE´m? t½Sif&m[kvm paom oHCmawmfrsm;onf þodkUyif omoemhwm0efudk tm;oGefMudK;pm;awmf rlMuayvdrfhrnf}} [k t&d,m oHCmawmfrsm;ü xifNrifvmatmif
ESpfoufNcif;udk
aqmifEdkifMuygvdrfhrnf/
xdkuJhodkU
xifvm
Nrifvmatmifvnf;
owdxm;rdMuygap/ royÜm,faom apwD qif;wkawmfrsm;udk awGU&aomtcg ]]'D&yfol i,fom;awG tod tvdr®m enf;ao;vdkU ,ckvdk apwD qif;wkawmfrsm; royÜm,f rwifhw,fbJ ½SdaeMu&onf/ &yfol e,fom;wdkU tod tvdr®m wdk;yGg;vmvQif þapwD qif;wkawmfrsm;udk om;em;oyÜm,fatmif Nc,fvS,fEdkifayvdrfhrnf}} [k &yfole,fom;wdkU\ todÓPfudk Nr§ifhwifvdkaom pdwfqE´om Nzpfay:vmí qif;wk apwDawmfrsm;\ royÜm,frIudk tNypfrNrifEdkifawmhouJhodkU xdkUtwl tqifhtwef; rNrifh r<u,f royÜm,faom &[ef; oHCmawmfrsm;udk awGU&NyefvQifvnf; omoemudk udk;uG,faom vlwpfpk\ todÓPfenf;rIudkom tNypfwifum rawmfravsmf oGm;vm aexdkifolwdkUtay:rSm tNypfrwifombJ ½Sdygvdrfhrnf/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
22
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) bk&m;ay;aom o&P*Hk/ wpfa,muftm;
/
bk&m;½Sifonf
Ak'¨-"r®-o&P*Hk
]]qwå}}
ay;awmfrlNyD;aemuf
rnfaom
oHCmho&P*Hk
wuúodkvfausmif;om; ay;awmfrl&mü
]]t&d,m
oHCmawmfudk udk;uG,f qnf;uyfavmh}} [k rdefUawmfrlygonf/ (qwårmP0 0drme0w¬K) xdkUaMumifh ,cktcg ]]oHCH o&PH *pämrd = oHCmawmfudk qnf;uyf udk;uG,fyg\}} [l o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&mü t&d,m oHCmawmfudkom &nfrSef;í aqmufwnfMuygav/ oHCmEkówd ur®|mef; pD;Nzef;aom tcgvnf;
]]okyÜ#dyEé}}
paom
*kPfawmfrsm;ESifh
NynfhpHkNyD;aom
t&d,m
oHCmawmfrsm;udkom
tm½HkNyK&ygonf/ oHCmh*kPfawmftzGifhü t&d,m oHCmawmfrsm;csnf; yg0ifyHkudk Nyefí owdNyKyg/ &wemhokwfy&dwfawmfvm oHCmh*kPfudk Ny&müvnf; t&d,m oHCmawmfrsm;om Nzpfygonf/ ykxkZOf oHCmvnf; rvGwf/
/
oufawmfxif½Sm;
bk&m;r½Sdaom
,cktcgü
bk&m;½Sifudk
vSL'gef;ylaZmfvdkvQif bk&m;udk &nfrSef;í apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfudkom vSL'gef;ylaZmf&awmhouJhodkU xdkUtwl t&d,m oHCmudk &nfrSef;í vSL'gef;ylaZmfvdkvQif awGU&m MuHK&m ykxkZOfoHCmudkvnf; vSL'gef;ylaZmfMu&awmhonf/
]]tEkwå&H
yknacwåH
=
t&d,m
oHCmawmfonf
twkr½Sd
aumif;aomv,faNryifwnf;}} [k rdefUawmfrlcsuft& yxrwef; v,f,maNrudk r&vQif 'kwd,wef; v,f,maNrrSmyif pdkufysdK;&ouJhodkU yxrwef; oHCmudk r&vQif oDvç orm"dç ynmtm;Nzifh 'kwd,wef; ykxkZOf oHCmawmfudk ½Smí udk;uG,fqnf;uyfzdkU wm0efrSm wdkif;olNynfom;wdkU todÓPfay:üom wnf\/ tcsKyfrSm yk*¾dKvfaumif;udk a½G;cs,fí udk;uG,fEdkifrSom tusdK;rsm;rsm; &rnf[k qdkvdkygonf/ 'kwd,wef; v,f,maNr r½SdvQif wwd,wef; v,f,maNrüvnf; pdkufysdK;Mu&ouJhodkU xdkUtwl ykxkZOfoHCmrsm;udkvnf; taMumif;udkvnf;
csJUxGif
(oHCmudk
&nfrSef;í
pOf;pm;Muygav/
vSL'gef;ylaZmfEdkifvQif)
omoemqkwf,kwfonfxuf
xdkuforQ
tusdK;&rnfh
qkwf,kwfvmaomtcg
]]vnfyif;ü ouFef;ywfxm;aom &[ef;twkudkyif oHCmrSef;í vSL'gef;EdkifvQif ra&rwGufEdkifatmif tusdK;&Edkif\}} [k 'u©dP0db*Fokwfü a[mawmfrlygonf/ þ o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnfNyD;onfh tqHk;ü oDvay;udk,fawmfu ]]o&P*reH y&dykPÖH}} [k qdk\/ o&P*reH - o&P*Hkonf? y&dykPÖH - oifwdkU oEÅmefrSm NynfhpHkNyD/ ]]o&P*Hk wnfNyD}} [k qdkvdkonf/ xdkUaemuf vlrsm;u ]]tmr baEÅ = rSefyghbk&m;}} [k vdkufMuNyefonf/ bk&m;a½SUrSm rdrdbmom o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnf&müum; ½kyfyGg;awmfu ]]o&P*reH y&dykPÖH}} [k rdefUawmfrrlaomaMumifh ]]wwd,rÜd oHCH o&PH *pämrd}} tqHk;ü ]]tmrbaEÅ}} [k qdkbG,f rvdkawmhay/ (usrf;udk;/
/ awmifNrdKU*E¨m½Hkq&mawmfBuD;\ &wemh*kPf&nf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
23
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) &wemNrwf oHk;yg; avmuü a½T? aiG? pdef? ausmufpaom vlwdkU\ tzdk;wef toHk;taqmifwdkUudk vlwdkU\ pdwfESvHk;udk ½TifNyHK;ESpfouf pGJruf½TifaysmfapwwfaomaMumifh &wem [k ac:Mu\/ xdkUtwlyif Ak'¨=NrwfpGmbk&m;? "r®=w&m;awmf? oHC=oHCmawmfwdkUudkvnf; owå0gwdkU\ pdwfudk ESpfoufarGUavsmf ½TifaysmfMunfEl;apwwfaomaMumifh &wem [laom trnfxl;Nzifh csD;usL;ylaZmfMu&\/ xdkUaMumifh avmuü bk&m;&wem? w&m;&wem? oHCm&wem[k &wemawmfNrwf oHk;yg;udk Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; ,HkMunfav;Nrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fMu&\/
Ak'¨&wem = bk&m;Nrwf&wem Ak'¨qdkonfrSm
w&m;tvHk;pHkudk
udk,fawmfwdkif
udk,fydkifÓPfNzifh
xdk;xGif;í
odNrifaom
tNrwfqHk;yk*¾dKvfudk ac:onf/ Nrefrmvdk NrwfpGmbk&m;[k ac:a0:odrSwfMuonf/ bk&m;Nrwf&wem[k txGwftNrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fMuonf/ Ak'¨=NrwfpGmbk&m; xdk;xGif;odaom trSefw&m;av;yg;rSm1/ qif;&JtrSefw&m; ('ku©opöm) 2/ qif;&JNzpfaMumif; trSefw&m; (ork',opöm) 3/ qif;&JcsKyfNidrf;Ncif; trSefw&m; (eda&m"opöm) 4/ qif;&JcsKyfNidrf;aMumif; tusifhvrf; trSefw&m; (r*¾opöm) Ak'¨NrwfpGmonf *kPfawmf udk;yg;ESifh NynfhpHkonf/
"r®&wem = w&m;Nrwf&wem ,HkMunfí vdkufemol vufawGU usifhMuHtm;xkwfolwdkUudk qif;&JrSvGwfatmif aqmifwwfaom 1-qHk;rMo0g'rsm; 2-usifhpOfrsm; 3-usifhí &NyD;aom r*fÓPf? zdkvfÓPf? edAÁmefwdkUudk "r®=w&m;[k ac:onf/ w&m;Nrwf&wem[k txGwftNrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fMuonf/ qHk;rMo0g'rsm; - raumif;wm tNypfruif;wmudk rvkyfESifh/ aumif;wm tNypfuif;wmudkom NyKvkyf/ wwfEdkiforQ pdwfaumif; pdwfNrwfxm;/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
24
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) usifhpOfrsm; - ody|mefav;yg;? r*¾if½Spfyg;/ usifhí&½Sdaom w&m;rsm; - r*fÓPfav;yg;? zdkvfÓPfav;yg;? edAÁmef/ w&m;awmfonf *kPfawmf aNcmufyg;ESifh NynfhpHkonf/
oHC&wem = oHCmawmfNrwf&wem Ak'¨NrwfpGm
a[mMum;awmfrlonfhtwdkif;
vufawGU
usifhMuH
tm;xkwfMuoNzifh
r*fÓPf?
zdkvfÓPfudk &NyD;aom t&d,m oHCmawmftaygif;ESifh xdk t&d,moHCmawmfwdkU\ tEG,f0if ykxkZOf &[ef;awmfrsm;udk oHCm[k ac:onf/ oHCmawmfNrwf&wem[k txGwftNrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fMuonf/ t&d,moHCmonf *kPfawmfudk;yg;ESifh NynfhpHkonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
tzdk;rNzwfEdkifaomo&P*Hk avmuoHk;yg;ü trSefwu,f udk;uG,f&mtppf NzpfawmfrlMuaom bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm wnf;[laom &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay:ü 'd|d(t,lrSm;rI)? 0dpdudpäm(,HkrSm; oHo,NzpfrI)? oar®m[(awGa0rI)? to'¨d,(r,HkMunfrI) wnf;[laom raumif;aom udavom tukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk y,fazsmufí xdk&wemNrwfoHk;yg;omvQif udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&m[k trSefwu,f ,HkMunf MunfndKNcif; o'¨gw&m; trSefwu,f? ,HkMunfudk;pm; tm;xm;&m[k odNrifaom ynm? av;pm;Ncif; *½ktNcif;t&mrsm;Nzifh rdrdwdkUo@mefü Nzpfay:aom ukodkvf pdwf? apwodufwdkUomvQif tzdk;rNzwfEdkifaom o&P*Hk tppftrSefrnf\/
Ak'¨o&P*Hk ½SifawmfNrwfbk&m;onf
udk;uG,f&mrJh
tppfwu,fwrf;Nzpfygay\/
aeMuukefaomowå0gwdkU\
oHo&mab;'ku©MuHKae&í
udk;uG,f
tm;xm;&m
aMumufvefUaeMuukefaom
owå0gtaygif;wdkUtm; ab;uif;a&;udk ay;awmfrl\/ olawmfaumif; NzpfMuukefaom ynm½Sdtaygif;wdkU\ 'ku©at;p&m tyef;aNzp&m Xmevnf; Nzpfygay\/ udk;uG,f&mudk ½SmrSD;Muukefaom vl ewf NA[®m owå0gtaygif;wdkU\ udk;uG,f&mtppf wu,fwrf;Nzpfygay\/ xdkUaMumifh opömav;yg;Nrwfbk&m;udk t<uif;rJh ydkif;Ncm; a0zefodNrifEdkifaom? udavom rSeforQudk t<uif;rJh
y,fypfawmfrlNyD;aom
NrwfpGmbk&m;tm;
oufawmfxif½Sm;
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
½SdMuonfhtvm;
25
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;udk Ak'¨o&P*Hk wnfonf[k ac:\/ bk&m;apwD ½kyfyGg;qif;wkawmfrsm;wGifom pdwfrxm;oifhaMumif;
azmfNycJhNyD;Nzpf\/
bk&m;udk
udk;uG,f&mtppftrSeftNzpf
qnf;uyfNcif;Nzifh
w&m;awmfESifh oHCmawmfwdkUudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;yg wpfNydKifwnf; NyD;pD;\/
"r®o&P*Hk ,HkMunfí vdkufemol? vufawGU usifhMuHtm;xkwfolwdkUudk qif;&JNcif;taygif;rS vGwfatmif aqmifwwfaom qHk;rMo0g'rsm;? usifhpOfrsm;? usifh&í &½Sdaom r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfedAÁmefwdkUonf NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifa[mMum;xm;onfh w&m;awmftppftrSefrsm; NzpfMu\/ NrwfAk'¨u
enf;vrf;toG,foG,fNzifh
a[mMum;xm;aom
opömw&m;rsm;
Nzpfay&m
rnfonfhenf;vrf;MudKufMudKuf vdkufemtm;xkwfygu wu,fhoEÅdokc at;Nidrf;Ncif;&oudk udk,fawGU 'd| awGUNrifcHpm;&rnfNzpf\/
xdkUaMumifh
NrwfAk'¨u
owå0grsm;udk
csrf;omatmif
w&m;Nzifh
aqmif½Gufay;&Ncif;Nzpfí w&m;awmfNrwfonfvnf; udk;uG,f&mtppftrSef wu,fwrf; Nzpfawmfrlyg\/ "r®pMum? tewåvu©Pmokwf? r[mowdy|mefpaom bk&m;a[m usrf;pmrsm;? yd#uwfawmfrsm;? r*fzdkvfedAÁmefa&mufw&m;awmfrsm;tm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;udk "r®o&P*Hkwnfonf[k ac:onf/
oHCo&P*Hk Nrwfbk&m;½Sif\w&m;awmfrsm;udk
a[mMum;Nyoay;awmfrlMuaom
twkr½SdvGefNrwfbdaom
owå0gtaygif;wdkU\ aumif;rIrsdK;aphrsm;udk pdkufysdK;MuJcs&m v,faNraumif;rsm;ozG,f NzpfawmfrlMuaom Nrwfaom tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfrsm;NzpfMuonfh t&d,moHCmawmfwdkUonfvnf; udk;uG,f&mtppf wu,fwrf; NzpfMuygay\/ tppftrSef
razmufNyefaom
y&rwåoHCmwnf;[laom
t&d,moHCmawmfNrwftm;
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;udk oHCo&P*Hkwnfonf[k ac:onf/ oHCmqdkonfrSm todtNrifcsif;? oDvcsif; wlnDMuaom zdkvftodtNrif?
yk*¾dKvftaygif;udk
ac:Ncif;Nzpf&m
ypöa0u©PmtodtNrif
t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;omvQif
(or®m'd|dr*¾if)
tm;Nzifhvnf;aumif;?
r*ftodtNrif? t&d,uEÅoDv
NynfhpHkpifMu,frItm;Nzifhvnf;aumif;? rsufarSmufrsufuG,f t&yfwdkUü tNrJwap wlnDaeMuonfom Nzpf\/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
26
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) odkUaomf ykxkZOfoHCmawmfrsm;onf t&d,mrNzpfao;onfhwdkifatmif t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;ESifh 0denf;?
odu©mcsif;wlMuoNzifh
or®KwdoHCmawmfrsm;taeNzifh
½dkaoav;pm;udk;uG,f
qnf;uyfxdkufonfom Nzpf\/ NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif\ wynfhom;awmf &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; udk,fpm; t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;udk tm½HkNyKNcif;Nzifh ydkítusdK;rsm;ygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH) ------------------------------
o&P*Hkü txl;tjym; - þ0w¬K þ"r®udk ½Sdcdk;onf½Sdaomf ig\ ½Sdcdk;rIonf tyg,fab;rS vGwfatmif aqmifEdkifaom ukokdvfyknrI
jzpf\[k
½Sdcdk;\?
xdk
½Sdcdk;rIvnf;
{uEÅ
tyg,fab;rSvGwfatmifaqmifEdkifaom
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27
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28
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29
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/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ Owåryk&do 'DyeDusrf;) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk ESpfrsdK; ykxkZOf yk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oEÅmefü ,HkMunf qnf;uyfrINzifh wnfaom avmuD o&P*Hk? t&d,mwdkU\ oEÅmefü r*fÓPfESifh twlwuG Nzpfwnfvmaom avmukwå&m o&P*Hk [k 2-rsdK; ½Sd\/ avmuD o&P*Hkonf npfvnf; npfEGrf;Edkif\/ ysufvnf; ysufpD;Edkif\/ avmukwå&m o&P*Hkonf npfvnf; rnpfEGrf;? ysufvnf; rysufpD;ay/ (ck'´uyg|-| 7) (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
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30
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*Hk 2-rsdK; 1-avmuDo&P*Hk ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oEÅmefü ,HkMunfqnf;uyfrINzifh wnfaomo&P*Hk Nzpf\/ o&P*Hk npfnL;aMumif;w&m;awGudk
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/ OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH) ------------------------------
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o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*Hkt*Fg&yfrsm; atmufygt*Fg&yfrsm;teuf t*Fg&yfwpfyg;yg;ESifh NynfhpHkvQif o&P*Hk wnf\ 1-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tm; o'¨g,HkMunfpdwfNzifh rdrdudk,fudk tyfESif;Ncif;/ 2-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fvJavsmif;&m[lí rSDcdktm;xm;Ncif;/ 3-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpf cH,lNcif;/ 4-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk trSefwu,f ½dkaowkyf0yfpGm ½Sdcdk;Ncif;/ (usrf;udk;/
/ OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH) ------------------------------
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32
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34
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) ,cko&P*kHoGefoifí ay;Muol q&mawmfBuD; *kdPf;oHCmBuD;wkdYonfrlum;rdrdwkdYay;Muaom o&P*kHtwGif;ü rdrdwkdYygxkdufrS ygMu&vdrfhrnf? rygxkdufvQif rygMu&? ygxkdufç rygxkdufukd aemufrSqkdvwåHU/ þokdYvQif o&P*kHay;onf? OykofoDvay;onf-[laompum;rsKd;ü oGefoifí ay;rIukdom qkdvkd&if;jzpfonf?
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/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf) ------------------------------
o&P*Hkysufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh rysufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif; &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ½dkaoav;NrwfpGm ½Sdcdk;Ncif; ]]o&P*Hk}}ESifh pyfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif; 4-rsdK;udk odtyf\/ xdk½Sdcdk;Ncif; 4-rsdK;um; 1/aqGrsdK;tNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (Ówd)? 2/aMumufí ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (b,)? 3/q&mNzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (tmp&d,)? 4/Nrwfaom tvSLcHyk*¾dKvftNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;Ncif; ('u©daP,s) [lí 4-rsdK;½Sd\/ xdkwGif aemufqHk; Nrwfaom tvSLcH ('u©daP,s) yk*¾dKvftNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;Ncif; wpfrsdK;om o&P*Hk aNrmufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif; Nzpf\/ usef½Sdcdk;Ncif; 3-rsdK;wdkUum; o&P*HkraNrmuf? ½Sdcdk;Ncif;aMumifh o&P*Hk ysuf&müvnf; tNcm; wdw¬dç ewfç bk&m; ponfwdkUudk wu,fNrwfaom tvSLcH ('u©daP,s) yk*¾dKvftNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;vQifom o&P*Hk ysuf\/ aqGrsdK;(oufBuD;0gBuD;)Nzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh aMumufí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ç q&mNzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;wdkUüum; o&P*Hk rysufay/ (]]o&P*HkraNrmuf}} [lonf o&P*Hk rwnf?
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
35
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) bk&m;ponfudk udk;uG,f&mra&muf[k qdkvdkonf/ ]]o&P*Hkrysuf}} [lonf wnfNyD;aom o&P*Hkrysuf? bk&m;ponfudk ypfy,f&m ra&muf[k qdkvdkonf/) ,ckacwf ewfrsm;udkom
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/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
½Sdcdk;wdkif; o&P*HkrNzpf rnfonfhyk*¾dKvfrqdk ½Sdcdk;wdkif; o&P*HkrNzpf/ ,HkMunf qnf;uyfrI r[kwf/ oDv orm"d ynm tusifhw&m;wdkUESifh
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]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
36
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) ½Sdcdk;aomfvnf; o&P*Hkrysuf &wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunf qnf;uyfpNzifh o&P*Hk wnfaeaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfa,mufonf wpfNcm;bmomrS bk&m;qdkolrsm;? bkef;BuD;qdkolrsm;udk aqGrsdK;NzpfNcif;? q&mNzpfNcif;aMumifh ½Sdcdk;aomfvnf; wnfNyD;om; o&P*Hk rysuf/ NrifhNrwfaomyk*¾dKvf[k ,lqí ½Sdcdk;rSom o&P*Hk ysufonf/ ('D-| 1? 207) (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
o&P*HkaNrmufrI tav;NyKzG,f o&P*Hk cH,laqmufwnfMu&mü cH,laqmufwnfwdkif; o&P*Hk aNrmufonf[k rrSwf,loifhyg/ o&P*HkaNrmufrItwGuf azmfNyvwåHUyg tcsufrsm;ESifh NynfhpHk&ef vdktyfygonf 1/udk;uG,fonfhbufwGif udk;uG,f&m 0w¬KrSm wu,fh &wemNrwfoHk;yg; ]]bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm}} tppftrSefrsm; Nzpf&rnf/ 2/udk;uG,fvdkonfh yk*¾dKvfbufwGif Munfñdkav;Nrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fvdkaom o'¨gç ynm Ny|mef;onfh r[mukodkvf pdwåKyÜg'f ½Sd&rnf/ txufazmfNyyg
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37
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) ,ckumv o&P*HkaqmufwnfMu&mü tcsdKUrSm ½Gwfqdkíaeaomfvnf;
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38
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/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
41
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh o&P*Hk 1-atmufyg taMumif;rsm;aMumifh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;udk ½Sdcdk;vQif o&P*Hk rNzpfay/ u-aqGrsdK;Nzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c-aMumufí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? *-q&mNzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? ,HkMunfudk;uG,fqnf;uyfrItaeNzifh ½Sdcdk;vQifom o&P*Hk Nzpfonf/ 2-o&P*HkwnfNyD;aom
yk*¾dKvfonf
tNcm;olwpfOD;udk
azmfNyygtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh
½Sdcdk;vQif
o&P*Hkrysufay/ &wemoHk;yg;rS tNcm;wpfOD;OD;udk ,HkMunfudk;uG,fqnf;uyfrItaeNzifh ½Sdcdk;vQif rdrd\o&P*Hk ysufonfudk owdNyKoifh\/ (usrf;udk;/
/ OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH) ------------------------------
o&P*kHxkdufaom oHCmukdjyjcif; ar;/ oHCo&P*kHü yg0ifxkdufaom uvsmPykxkZOf[lonf tb,fuJhokdYaom &[ef;ukd qkdygoenf;-[k tar;xkwf&m\/ ajz/ ykxkZOfonf uvsmPykxkZOfç tE¨ykxkZOf [lí 2-rsKd;½Sd\/ xkd 2-rsKd;wkdYwGif1/ cE¨m 5-yg;ç tm,we 12-yg;? "mwf 18-yg;ç y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;ç owdy|mefpaom aAm"dyu©d,w&m;wkdYü uRrf;usifvdrfrmaom ynmrsufpdr½SdMuol ½Sifvltaygif;onf tE¨ykxkZOfrnf\/ 2/
xkdw&m;wkdYü
uRrf;usifvdrfrmaom
ynmrsufpdESifh
jynfhpkHMuol
½Sifvltaygif;onf
uvsmPykxkZOf rnf\/ «þum;-tbd"r®mt|uxmç okwåeft|uxmwkdYü rsm;pGmvm½Sdonfjzpfí avmuü ajym½kd;qkdpOftm;jzifh xif½Sm;íaeaom ykxkZOf 2-rsKd; cGJenf;wnf;/»
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
42
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) ,ó [d cE¨"mwk tm,we ypö,um& owdy|mem'Dok O*¾[y&dykpäm0dedpä, &[dwåwm 'd|dyÜ#dao"aum ae0tm*arm tw¬dtp½Sdonfjzifh t|omvdeD t|uxmç rlvyPÖmo t|-uxmponfwkdYü xif½Sm;pGmvm½Sd\/ þoHCo&P*kHt&mü
&[ef;ukdomvQif
vkdtyf\?
xkdYaMumifh
þt|uxmBuD;wkdY\
tvkdtm;jzifh1/ cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpo ö rkyÜg'fwkdYüvnf;aumif;? aAm"dyu©d,w&m;wkdYüvnf;aumif; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmí odwwfaomÓPfrsufpdr½Sdaom &[ef;onf t0g 60-yif &aomfvnf; tE¨yk*¾dKvfjzpfí o&P*kH rxkduf? xkd&[ef;ukd ukd;uG,fío&P*kH r&/ 2/ xkdw&m;wkdYü cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmí odwwfaomÓPfrsufpdESifhjynfhpkHaom&[ef;onf ,aeYrSjzpfaom &[ef;i,fyifjzpfaomfvnf; uvsmPyk*¾dLvfjzpfí o&P*kHxkduf\? xkduJhokdYaom &[ef;ukdukd;uG,frS o&P*kH &\/ [laom t"dyÜg,fonf NyD;pD;\/ (usrf;udk;/
/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf) ------------------------------
o&P*Hkudk txyfxyf aqmufwnfNcif; ]]o&P*Hk}} onf ,HkMunfav;NrwfpGm wpfBudrfaqmufwnfxm;vQif ,HkMunfpdwf rysuforQç ,HkMunf&m0w¬K (bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm) raNymif;orQ toufraoao;orQ woufvHk; wnf\/ txyfxyf
tcgcg
aqmufwnfaezG,f
rvdkyg/
odkUygvsuf
,cktcg
bk&m;½Sdcdk;wdkif;ç
oDvaqmufwnfwdkif;vdkvdkrSm o&P*Hk rygvQif rNyD; txyfxyf tcgcg aqmufwnfvsuf½SdMuonf/ ,if;odkU aqmufwnfaeNcif;onf tydktvkyfom Nzpfíaeonf r[kwfavm¿? taNzum;- tydktvkyf NzpfíaeonfrSm rSefygonf/ ,if;odkU tydktvkyf Nzpfíaeaomfvnf; tusdK;rJh pGefUy,fypf&rnfh tydkrsdK; r[kwfyg/ tydk tusdK;&atmif ydkí vkyfNcif;omNzpfaMumif; oabmaygufoifhMuygonf/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
43
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) rSefygonf/ ]]raumif;rI tukodkvfw&m;udk rNzpfao;u topf rNzpfapbJ NzpfNyD;ygu y,fypf&rnf/
aumif;rI
wdk;yGg;onfxuf
ukodkvfw&m;udk wdk;yGg;atmif
rdefU>rufa[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
rNzpfao;u
topf
BudK;pm;&rnf}} o&P*Hkudk
txyfxyf
NzpfapNyD;aemuf [k
NzpfNyD;Nzpfygu
bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif
aqmufwnfNcif;onf
o&P*Hk
txHk&Edkifygonf/ txHk&pGJNrJaeaom o&P*Hkonf aocgeD;rSmyif tm½Hkedrdwfaumif; xifí 'k*¾wdb0rS vGwfatmif u,fwifEdkifaMumif; ax&ty'gef okblwd0*fvm ]]o&P*red,ax&f}} \ twdwfZmwfcrf;u xif½Sm;apygonf/ xdkUNyif o&P*Hkudk txyfxyf cH,laqmufwnfNcif;onf t0wfEGrf;udk avQmfzGyf pifMu,fapouJhodkU o&P*Hk\ npfEGrf;rIudk pifMu,fopfvGifrI ½SdapEdkifygonf/ xdkUaMumifh o&P*Hk udk,fvHk;xHkEdkifatmif o&P*Hk pifMu,fopfvGifrI½Sdatmif o&P*Hkudk txyfxyf aqmufwnfoifhygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
ukd;uG,frI 2-yg; jcm;em;ykHukdjyjcif; avmuü ukd;uG,f&mjyKrIrnfonf 2-rsKd;½Sd\/ 1/ o&P*kHudpöESifh ukd;uG,f&mjyKrI wpfrsKd;/ 2/ txl;ukokdvfjzpfyGm;&ef udpöESifhukd;uG,f&m jyKrIwpfrsKd;ç 1/
o&P*kHudpöESifh
ukd;uG,f&mjyKrIqkdonfum;-
oufawmfxif½Sm;½Sdawmfrlaom
oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;ukdvnf;aumif;ç r*f 4-wefç zkdvf 4-wefç edAÁmefç y&d,wfwnf;[laom 10-yg;aom w&m;awmfjrwfukdvnf;aumif;ç
oDv0efç
*kP0ef
uvsmPykxkZOf&[ef;ESifhwuG
8-a,mufaom
t&d,moHCmawmfjrwfwkdYukd vnf;aumif; toufxufqkH; tNrJedpötm;jzifh ,ckb0ü rdrd\ukd;uG,f&m[k cH,laqmufwnfí ukd;uG,frIonf o&P*kHudpöESifh ukd;uG,f&m jyKrIrnf\/ 2/ apwDç ykxkd;ç ½kyfyGm;ç qif;wkwnfaxmifí ukd;uG,frI? rdrdrdrdwkdY MunfndKav;jrwf&m *kdPf;oHCm yk*¾dKvfukd
rdrdwkdYqkdif&m
q&morm;jyKvkyfí
toD;toD;
ukd;uG,fMurIrsm;onf
txl;
ukokdvfjzpfyGm;&efudpöESifh ukd;uG,f&mjyKrI rnf\/ xkd 2-rsKd;wkdYwGif 1/ o&P*kHudpöESifh ukd;uG,f&mjyKrIonf Ak'¨bmomrSefMuol ewfç vlç jA[®m owå0gcyfodrf; wpfxyfwnf; wlrQMu\? b,fol\ ukd;uG,f&mu ,kwfnHhonf? b,fol\ukd;uG,f&mu jrifhjrwfonf[lí r½SdMuNyD/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
44
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) 2/ txl;ukokdvfjzpfyGm;&ef udpöESifh ukd;uG,f&mjyKMurIüum;- b,fol\ ukd;uG,f&mu ,kwfnHhonf? b,fol\ ukd;uG,f&mujrifhjrwfonf[lí txl;xl;taxGaxG½SdMu\? txl;ukokdvfjzpfyGm;&ef udpöESifh ukd;uG,f&m jyKMurIonfum;- o&P*kHudpörsKd;r[kwf? þuJhokdY udk;uG,frIESifh o&P*kHudpö NyD;pD;onfvnf; r[kwf? o&P*kHudpöukd npfEGrf;apwwfç ysufpD;apwwfonfvnf; r[kwf/ xkdYaMumifh ck'´uygXt|uxmü{wH ye o&PH *wó tno®ð bdu©KoHaC 0g? bdu©KeDoHaC 0g Ak'¨yÜrkac 0g oHaC or®KwdoHaC 0g pwk0*¾g'daba' {uo®ð yk*¾avyd b*0EÅH O'´dó yAÁZdaw 0E´m'dud&d,m, o&P*reH ae0bdZÆwd e oHudvdówd/ [lí rdefYqkday\/ ygXfavQmuft"dyÜg,fum;/
/
þo&P*kHokdY
uyfNyD;aomoltm;
wpfyg;aom
bdu©KoHCmüvnf;aumif;ç bdu©KeD oHCmüvnf;aumif;ç bk&m;trSL;½Sdaom oHCmüvnf;aumif;ç pwk0*¾ ponf tjym;½Sdaom or®KwdoHCmüvnf;aumif;ç oAÁnKbk&m;ukd&nfpl;í yAÁZdwtjzpfokdY a&mufaom odu©rmef-omraP-oDwif;onf-&aoh-y&dAkdZfwkdYüvnf;aumif;
½Sdckd;jcif;ponfukd
jyKjcif;aMumifh
cH,laqmufwnfí xm;tyfaom yuwdo&P*kHonf ysudpD;jcif;ç npfEGrf;jcif;r½Sd-[lvkdonf/ þt|uxmygXfjzifhyuwdo&P*kHudpöESifh txl;ukd;uG,frIudpö 2-yg;\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIonf tvGefxif½Sm;\? txl;ukd;uG,frI wpfrsKd;jzpfí
&[ef;oHCmü
½Sdckd;rIponfukdyif
o&P*kHysufaMumif;
r[kwf[k
uGufjcm;í
rdefYqkd&avownf;? ypöKyÜeftusKd;pD;yGm;twGufESifh rif;pkd;&mZmukd ½Sdckd;rIç rd½kd;zvmewfwkdYukd ½Sdckd;rIç ukd;uG,frI-ponfwkdYonfvnf; xkdYtwl o&P*kHysufaMumif; r[kwfukef/ «þum;-o&P*kHudpöESifhukd;uG,frIçtxl;ukd;uG,frI
2-yg;wkdY\
uGJjym;jcm;em;ykHukd
xif½Sm;atmif
jyqkdvkdufaom pum;&yfwnf;» (usrf;udk;/
/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
45
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*Hk npfEGrf;Ncif; 4-rsdK; 1/ &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfudk rodvQif Nzpfap? 2/ todrSm;vQif Nzpfap? 3/ ,HkrSm; oHo, ½SdvQif Nzpfap? 4/ &wemoHk;yg;udk r½dkaovQif Nzpfap o&P*Hk npfEGrf;\/ o&P*Hk npfEGrf;vQif MuD;us,f zGHUNzdK;aom aumif;usdK;udk r&Edkifay/ ('D-| 1? 209) aqmifyk'f &wemh*kPf&nf? rodNyD? npfonf o&P*Hk/ &wemh*kPf&nf? odrSm;NyD? npfonf o&P*Hk/ &wemh*kPf&nf? ,HkrSm;NyD? npfonf o&P*Hk/ &wemoHk;axG? r½dkao? npfav o&P*Hk/ (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif; w&m;rsm; ]]o&P*Hk}} udk cH,laqmufwnfMu&mwGif o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif;w&m;rsm; ½SdaevQif o&P*Hk aqmufwnfaomfvnf; raNrmufEdkifyg/ o&P*Hkudk cH,laqmufwnfxm;NyD; NzpfvQifvnf; npfEGrf;rI ½SdvmEdkifygonf/ xdkUaMumifh o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif; w&m;rsm;udk odxm;oifhygonf 1/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;(*kPfawmfrsm;)udk aumif;aumif;rodNcif;? vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; rodNcif;? udk;uG,f&rSef; rodNcif; (arm[)? 2/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: tppftrSef [kwfyghrvm;[k ,HkrSm;oHo,NzpfNcif; (0dpdudpäm)? 3/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: trSefrNrifbJ trSm;NrifNcif;? ]]t&[H}} paom *kPfawmfrsm;udk *kPfawmf r[kwf[k aNymif;NyefNrifNcif;? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrIonf tvum;yg ponfNzifh t,lrSm;Ncif; rdpäm'd|dt,l½SdNcif; ('d|d)? 4/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk r,HkMunfrav;pm; rNrwfEdk;Ncif;? rMunfñdkNcif;? bk&m;½Sdcdk;rIponf rNyKvkyfNcif; (o'¨g\ qefUusifbuf tukodkvfrsm;)/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
46
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) þw&m;rsm;½SdaevQif o&P*Hk npfEGrf;rI rpifMu,frIrsm; NzpfyGg;Ekdif\/ bk&m; ponfudk rpGefUy,fao;vQif o&P*HkysufpD;rIum; rNzpfEdkifay/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
o&P*HknpfnL;aMumif;w&m;rsm; r*fuomtNywf½Sif;Edkif? y,fowfEdkifaom raumif;w&m;rsm;Nzpf/ 1/'d|d -t,lrSm;Ncif; todrSm;Ncif;/ (&wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fNcif;onf tusdK;r½Sd? &wemoHk;yg;aMumifh owå0gawG npfnL;zdkU? pifMu,fzdkUtaMumif;r½Sd? tusdK;rJhNzpf\/ ukodkvf? tukodkvfNyKaomfvnf; tusdK;r½Sd? paomt,lrSm; todrSm;Ncif;rsm;) 2/0dpdudpäm
-,HkrSm;oHo,NzpfNcif;/
(bk&m;qdkonfrSm
tppftrSef½Sd&JUvm;?
w&m;qdkonfrSm
rSefuef&JUvm; ponfNzifh ,HkrSm; oHo,NzpfNcif;) 3/oar®m[
-awGa0Ncif;/
(&wemoHk;yg;tay:
qnf;uyfMunfndK&rSef;
rod?
&wemoHk;yg;
*kPfawmfrsm;udk rodem;rvnfNcif; ponfNzifh trSefudkrodNcif;) 4/tó'¨d,
-,HkMunfrIo'¨gr½SdNcif;/ (&wemoHk;yg;tay:ü ESpfouf-,HkMunfrIo'¨gw&m; r½SdNcif;)
(usrf;udk;/
/ OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH) ------------------------------
ar;jref;bG,f ar;/ ykxkZOf&[ef;ukd oHCo&P*kHt&müvnf;aumif;ç aou©t&müvnf;aumif; oGif;í jyqkdMuukefaom usrf;*eft&yf&yfwkdYü uvsmPykxkZOf&[ef;ukdom jyqkdMuukef\? tE¨ykxkZOf&[ef;ukd MuOfz,fMuukef\?
xkdokdYjzpfcJhaomf
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmíodwwfaom
tMuif&[ef;onf
ÓPfrsufpdrlum;-r½Sd?
oDvESifhjynfhpkH\?
jyqkdNyD;aomw&m;wkdYü
xkd&[ef;onf
oHCo&P*kHt&mü
vkH;vkH;r0ifxkduf[krSwf&rnfavm[lrlajz/
oDvonfvnf;
uvsmP"r®yifjzpf\?
xkdYaMumifh
oDvESifhaumif;pGmjynfhpkHayvQifyif
xkduJhokdYaom ÓPfrsufpd r½Sdjim;aomfvnf; uvsmPykxkZOfü yg0ifoifhonfomjzpf\/ ar;/
xkdokdYjzpfcJhaomf
uvsmPykxkZOf\vu©PmukdjyqkdMuukefaom
t|uxmBuD;wkdYü
tb,fhaMumifh ynmrsufpdukdom uvsmPt*FgjyKí jyqkdMuukefoenf;[lrl-
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
47
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) ajz/ þomoemawmfwGif;ü cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfwnf;[laom tewåw&m;wkdYukd jrifEkdifaom olonfomvQif bk&m;ukdawGYjrifaomol rnf\? w&m;ukdawGYjrifaomol rnf\? oHCmukdawGYjrifaom olrnf\?
omoemawmfukdawGYjrifaomol
rnf\?
jyqkdcJhNyD;aom
ynmrsufpdESifh
jynfhpkHaom
&[ef;onfomvQif rdrdonfvnf; bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmç omoemawmfukd awGYjrif&\? rdrdukd MunfndKav;jrwf omoemawmfukd
qnf;uyfukd;uG,fMuol awGYjrifEkdifaom
½Sifvltaygif;wkdYtm;vnf;
ÓPfrsufpdukd
ay;Ekdif\?
bk&m;ç
xkdYaMumifh
w&m;ç
oHCmç
uvsmPykxkZOf\t*Fgukd
jyqkdMuukefaom t|uxmBuD;wkdYü cE¨mponfukd jrifEkdifaom ynmrsufpdukdom uvsmPt*FgjyKí jyqkdMuayukefownf;?
oDvESifhjynfhpkHaom
tE¨ykxkZOf&[ef;onf
o&P*kH
rxkdufaomaMumifh
ynmrsufpdukdom uvsmPt*FgjyKí jyqkdMuukefonfr[kwf-[kajz/ wpfenf;um;/ /þowå0gwkdYü ouúm,'d|dw&m;onf xif½Sm;½Sdae\/ ouúm,'d|dw&m; qkdonfum;owå0gwkdY\ cE¨mukd,frnfonf txl;xl; taxGaxGaom ½kyf"mwftpkç emrf"mwftpkomjzpf\? yk*¾dKvfr[kwfç owå0gr[kwfç rdef;rr[kwfç a,mufsm;r[kwfç yk*¾dKvfç owå0gç rdef;rç a,mufsm;[lír½Sd? tjyKtrl tajymtqkd tBuHtpnf[lorQonf ½kyf"mwfç emrf"mwfwkdY\ trIomwnf;? yk*¾Kdvfç owå0g\ trIr[kwf? xkdokdYjzpfygvsuf ½kyf"mwfç emrf"mwfwkdYukd rodrjrifEkdifMuukefonfjzpfí1/ yk*¾dKvfawGukdom aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifí aeMuukef\/ 2/ owå0gawGukdom aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifí aeMuukef\/ 3/ rdef;rç a,mufsm;awGukdom aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifí aeMuukef\/ 4/ ig[lí aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifvsuf aeMuukef\/ 5/ rnfolç rnf0g[lí aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifvsuf aeMuukef\/ 6/ igjrifonf? igMum;onf? igeHonf? igvsufonf? ukd,ft*Fgü tawGYtxdukd igodonf? igBuHonf? igoGm;onf? igvmonf? xkdxkdtrIukd igjyKonf? igajymqkdonf? igBuHzefonf-[k aMumifaMumifBuD; xifjrifvsuf aeMuukef\/ þokdYaMumifaMumifBuD; xifjrifrIç pGJvrf;rIawGukd ouúm,'d|dqkdownf;/ xkdouúm,'d|donf-1/ o&P*kH\ tEÅ&m,fBuD;aywnf;/ 2/ £a`E´orm"d\ tEÅ&m,fBuD;aywnf;/ 3/ ur®óuwmÓPf[kqkdtyfaom avmuDor®m'd|d\ tEÅ&m,fBuD;aywnf;/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
48
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51
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/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf) ------------------------------
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54
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) 1/ oDvwnfrIç oDvysufrI? 2/ o&P*kHwnfrIç o&P*kHysufrI? wkdYukd xif½Sm;pGmjyí xkdtar;ukdajzqkd&m\/ 1/ oDvwnfrIrnfonf &[ef;oHCmç apwDç ykxkd;ücH,lcJhaomfvnf;aumif;ç rdrdtvkdtavsmufyif EIwf>rufí aqmufwnfcJhaomfvnf;aumif; xkdyk*¾Kdvftm; oDvonfwnf\? aeY&uf tykdif;tjcm;ESifh rSef;xm;í cH,laqmufwnfonf½Sdaomf xkdtykdif;tjcm;ukdvGefvQif xkdoDvonfysuf\/ ysuf\qkdaomfvnf; cH,lrIç aqmufwnfrI uG,fNidrf;í oGm;onfukdqkdvkdonf? usKd;aygufaom tysufrsKd;
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wpfckckukdusL;vGefrdvQif
usL;vGefrdaom
odu©myk'fomysuf\/ [k oar®m[0daem'eD odu©my'0dbif; t|uxmüvm\/ o&P*kHt&mürlum;xkduJhokdYr[kwf? waygif;wnf; cH,laqmufwnfonfjzpfap? toD;toD; cH,laqmufwnfonfjzpfap usL;vGefonf½Sdaomf waygif;wnf;omysuf\/ tb,faMumifhenf;qkdaomf1/ odu©myk'fwkdYrSm usL;vGefjcif;ajrmuf&ef t*FgtoD;toD; ½SdMuukef\/ 2/
o&P*kHürlum;-
usL;vGefrIrnfonf
Ak'¨bmomukd
pGefYí
bmomwpfyg;okdY
ajymif;a&TUjcif;
wpfyg;om½Sd\? wpfBudrfaqmufwnfíxm;aom o&P*kHrnfonf raorDtwGif;ü t½Sifa*gwrbk&m;ç t½Sifa*gwrw&m;ç t½Sifa*gwrwynfhom; oHCmç t½Sif a*gwromoemukd rukd;uG,fvkdNyD-[k Ak'¨bmomukd pGefYí c&pf,mefbmomtp½Sdaom bmomwpfyg;okdY ajymif;a&TUrSyif o&P*kHysufawmhonf/ xkdYaMumifh
o&P*kHrnfonf
rpGefYorQumvywfvkH;
tNrJwnf\?
wpfBudrfcH,laqmufwnfNyD;aemuf tcgcg
cH,laqmufwnfbG,fudpör½Sd?
Ak'¨bmomukd okdYaomfvnf;
tcgcgcH,laqmufwnfrIonf ukokdvfw&m; topftopf yGifhvif;rIjzpf\? xkdYaMumifh ,ckumvü vlwkdYonf o&P*kHukdvnf; oDvESifhtwl tcgcg cH,laqmufwnfMu&ukef\? 5-yg;oDvuJhokdY usL;vGefrdcJhaomfç
ysufpD;cJhaomf-[k
rdrdukd,fukd
rdrdpdwfrcsom½Sdí
tcgcgcH,laqmufwnf
Muukefonfvnf;r[kwf? OaygoxoDvuJhokdY ,cifucH,l aqmufwnfaom aeY&uftykdif;tjcm;ukdvGefí Nidrf;cJhNyD-[k tcgcg cH,laqmufwnfMuukefonfvnf; r[kwf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
56
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*Hk ysufyHk 2-rsdK; wpfpHkwpfa,muf\ oEÅmefü wnfaeaom o&P*Hkonf1/ wNcm;bmom t,l0g'udk ,HkMunf udk;uG,faomaMumifh Nzpfap? 2/ aoqHk;aomaMumifh Nzpfap ysufpD;\/ t,l0g'wpfyg; aNymif;oGm; ukd;uG,fí o&P*Hk ysufpD;vQif 'd|dwPSm paom udavom yGg;í tNypfrsm;\/ aoqHk;aomaMumifh o&P*Hk ysufpD;vQif rnfonfh tNypfrQ r½Sday/ (ck'´uyg|-|? 7) aqmifyk'f bmomwyg;? udk;uG,fNim;? ysufNym; o&P*Hk/ aoqHk;avNim;? xdkoltm;? ysufNym; o&P*Hk/ (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
o&P*kHysufjcif;ESifh rysufjcif;tusOf;csKyf 'k0da"m o&P*reaba'g-tp½Sdonfjzifh Ak'¨bmomukdpGefYí bmomwpfyg; ajymif;a&TUojzifh ysufjcif;ç aovGefojzifhysufjcif;-[lí avmuDo&P*kHysufjcif; 2-yg;um;-xif½Sm;NyD;jzpfí tus,frqkdvkdufNyD/ vdk&if;t"dyÜg,frSmrlum;1/ ½Sifa*gwrbk&m;ukd bk&m;r[kwf? ½Sifa*gwr\ w&m;ukd w&m;aumif;r[kwf? ½Sifa*gwr\ wynfh t&d,moHCmukd oHCmaumif;r[kwf-[k pdwfqkH;jzwfonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf xkdolrSm o&P*kHysuf\/ 2/
xkdokdYaom
pdwfrsKd;r½Sdrlí
y&d,wfw&m;ukdvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ukdvnf;aumif;ç 8-a,mufaom
r*f
4-wefç
zkdvf
4-wefç
t&d,moHCmawmfukdvnf;aumif;
edAÁmefç ,kHMunfNrJ
ukd;uG,fNrJwkdif;aom pdwfukd rpGefYrlí ukokdvfyGg;ç ynmyGg;ç ab;uif;ç &efuif;tm;jzifh wpfyg;aomyk*¾dKvfç wpfyg;aomq&mç rif;pkd;&mZmç rdpämpkef;ewf tp½Sdonfukd ½Sdckd;0yfwGm; cçpm;½kdao ukd;uG,favaomfvnf; o&P*kH rysuf[krSwf/ «þum;-o&P*kHysufjcif;ESifh rysufjcif;ukd tusOf;csKyfjyqkdcsufwnf;/» (usrf;udk;/
/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
57
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*HkysufrIESifh tavmif;udk o&P*HkwifNcif; avmuDo&P*Hkonf tNrJwnfNyD[k pdwfrcs&? tcsdefra½G; ysufwwf\/ ,if;odkU ysuf&mwGif ]]tNypf½Sdaom ysufNcif;ESifh tNypfr½Sdaom ysufNcif;}} [lí o&P*HkysufNcif; ESpfrsdK;½Sdonf 1/bk&m;rSwyg;
tNcm;
(wdw¬dpaom)
udk;uG,fvQifaomfvnf;aumif;ç
bk&m;½Sif\
q&mrsm;udk
tav;tNrwf
t,l0g'rSwyg;
taetm;Nzifh
tNcm;bmom
t,l0g'odkU
aNymif;vQifaomfvnf;aumif; o&P*Hk ysuf\/ þodkU ysufNcif;um; tNypf½Sdaom ysufNcif;rnf\ (om0ZÆ)/ 2/aovQif o&P*Hk (ukodkvfpdwf) r½SdaomaMumifh o&P*Hk ysuf\/ (aovQif bmrQ rod? ukodkvfpdwfomru tukodkvfpdwfvnf; r½Sd/) þodkU ysufNcif;um; tNypf½Sdaom o&P*Hk ysufNcif;uJhodkU raumif;usdK; ray;ç tusdK;ay;wwfaom w&m;rsdK;vnf; r[kwfaomaMumifh tNypfr½Sdaom ysufNcif;rnf\ (te0ZÆ)/ þodkU wpfOD; wpfa,muf aoqHk;Ncif;odkU a&mufí o&P*Hk ysufoGm;onfhtwGuf tavmif;udk o&P*Hk wifMu&mwGif bmudkrQ rodwwfaom tavmif;aumiftwGuf o&P*Hk wifay;aomfvnf; wifay;aom o&P*Hkudk &Ekdif ,lEdkifonfum; r[kwfyg/ ,if;odkU r&Edkif r,lEdkifaomfvnf; &Edkif,lEdkifaom (o&Jç wapäç aNrbkwfç rSifpmç tpdrf;ç ewfpdrf;ç ewfbDvl;ç ponfac:a0:aom NydwåmtBuD;pm; tol&um,f) b0odkU a&mufí owd&aevQif o&P*Hkudk &ygapç ,lygapawmh[k owday;aomtm;Nzifh &nfrSef;í tavmif;udk o&P*Hkwif½dk; NyKMuNcif; Nzpf\/ þodkU NyKMuNcif;Nzifh aoqHk;olrsm;tzdkU o&P*Hkudk &Edkifu &rnf? ,lEdkifu ,lrnf/ tu,fí aoqHk;oltzdkU (&,lEdkifaom b0r[kwfí) r&Edkif r,lEdkif½Sdapumrl touf½Sif usef&pfaeolrsm;tzdkUum; o&P*Hkudk rvGJraoG &EdkifMuonfom Nzpf\/ xdkUNyif
teD;tyg;½Sd
a½S;u
aovGefoGm;olrsm;taeNzifh
o&P*Hkudk
&vdk,lvdkvQifvnf;
&Edkif,lEdkifMuygonf/ xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; taeNzifh aoonfhtcg tavmif;udk o&P*Hk wifNcif;onf tusdK;rJh aqmif½GufMuNcif;r[kwf? twåy& (rdrd olwyg; ESpfOD;om;) tusdK;½SdapEdkifaom aumif;rIrsdK;tNzpf aqmif½GufaeMuNcif;NzpfaMumif; oabmaygufoifhMuygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
58
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*HkysufNcif; o&P*Hk wpfBudrfaqmufwnfxm;vQif &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: ,HkMunfudk;uG,f qnf;uyfpdwf raysmuforQ umvywfvHk; wnfae\/ o&P*Hk ysufpD;Ncif; ESpfrsdK;½Sdonf/ 1-&wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunfudk;uG,fqnf;uyfrI r½SdawmhNcif;/ 2-aoqHk;oGm;Ncif;/ yxrtcsufaMumifh
o&P*HkysufvQif
rdpäm'd|dNzpfoGm;í
oHo&mwGif
tNypfrsm;\/
aoqHk;oGm;Ncif;aMumifh o&P*HkysufvQif tNypfr½Sday/ ,cktcg aoqHk;oGm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk o&P*HkwifonfqdkNyD; NyKvkyfavh½Sd\/ trSefwu,frSm aoqHk;oGm;ol\
pdwfr½Sdawmhaom
OwkZ½kyftavmif;BuD;onf
tb,frSmvQif
o&P*Hk
wnfEdkifygrnfenf;/ raorD o&P*Hk rnpfnL;rysufpD;&atmif aqmufwnfxm;rSom tusdK;rsm;ygrnf/ odkUaomf aoqHk;oltwGuf NyKvkyfaqmif½GufMuolrsm;rSmrl &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;xH o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNyD; aumif;rItpkpk NyKvkyfMuNcif;twGuf tusdK;rsm;ygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk ysufpD;Ncif; bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;onf udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m NzpfaomaMumifh ]]o&P}} Nzpfí xdk ]]o&P}} tay:wGif ,HkrSm;awGa0rIr½SdbJ MunfndKav;Nrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,faom o'¨g? ynm ponfh ukodkvfpdwfrsm;onf ]]o&P*Hk}} NzpfaMumif; azmfNyNyD; Nzpfygonf/ ,if; ]]o&P*Hk}} onf ]]avmuDo&P*Hk}}? ]]avmukwå&mo&P*Hk}} [lí taNccH trsdK;tpm;tm;Nzifh 2-rsdK;½Sdonf/
avmukwå&mo&P*Hk
qdkonfrSm
t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkUtzdkU
aomwmywådr*fÓPf
Nzpfay:cdkufcPrSmyif &wemoHk;yg;tay:ü awGa0,HkrSm;rI? r,HkMunfrIrsm; uif;NywfNyD; NzpfoNzifh txl;aqmufwnf&ef rvdkawmhacs/ tvdkvdk o&P*Hk wnfNyD; Nzpf\/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
59
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) avmuDo&P*Hkrlum; azmfNyvwåhUygtwdkif; 4-rsdK;½Sd\/ 1/ rdrdudk,fudk &wemoHk;yg;tm; tyfESif;Ncif; (twåoEéd,smwe o&P*Hk)? 2/
rdrdudk,fudk
&wemoHk;yg;omvQif
udk;uG,fvJavsmif;&m
½Sdonf\tNzpfudk
NyKNcif;
(0g)
&wemoHk;yg;tay: vHk;0tm;udk;xm;Ncif; (wyÜ&m,Pwm o&P*Hk)? 3/ rdrdudk,fudk &wemoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpf cH,lNcif; (odóbm0ly*re o&P*Hk)? 4/ &wemoHk;yg;tm; 0yfwGm;c, rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfhcsí tvGef ½dkaoaom tNcif;t&mudk NyoNcif; (yPdygw o&P*Hk)/ trSwfpOf (4)Nzpfaom ]]yPdygw o&P*Hk}} wGif 1-omuD0ifrif;rsdK;wdkUu bk&m;½Siftm; aqGrsdK;tNzpfrSwf,lí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c&D;OD;MudKNcif;? vuftkyfcsDNcif;? t½dktaoNyKNcif;rsdK;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&m ra&muf/ 2-taMumufw&m;udk taNccHí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c&D;OD;MudKNcif;? vuftkyfcsDNcif;? t½dktaoNyKNcif;rsdK;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&m ra&muf/ 3-bk&m;½Siftm; avmuDvrf;ñTef tqHk;trpum;udk em,l&aomaMumifh q&mtNzpf rSwf,lí c&D;OD;MudKNcif; ponfudk NyKvkyfNcif;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&m ra&muf/ 4-oDv? orm"d? ynm*kPf ponfwdkUudk &nfrSwfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c&D;OD;MudKNcif;? vuftkyfcsDNcif; ponfwdkUudk NyKvQif ]]'u©daP,syPdygw}} Nzpfí o&P*Hk wnfonf/ xdkUaMumifh aqGrsdK;ÓwdtrSwfNzifhvnf;aumif;? aMumufíaomfvnf;aumif;? twwfynmoifay;ol q&mtNzpf
rSwf,líaomfvnf;aumif;
rnfolrqdk
½Sdcdk;rI?
c&D;OD;MudKrI
ponfudkNyKvQif
aqmufwnfxm;aom o&P*Hk ysuf,Gif;Ncif; r½Sdacs/ (rSwfcsuf/
/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmudk rypfy,fbJ vmbfvmb ½Tifapvdkí ewfudk ylaZmfyoNcif;?
ewfzrf;pm;rnfudk pdk;&drfí ½dk;&m wifaNr§mufNcif;wdkUonf o&P*Hk rysufay/) odkU&mwGif &wemoHk;yg;rS wyg;aom yk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oDv? orm"d? ynm*kPf BuD;NrwfrIudk &nfrSwfvsuf
txufwGif
azmfNycJhonfh
avmuDo&P*Hk
aqmufwnfyHk
4-rsdK;udk
NyKvkyfvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? o&P*Hk aqmufwnfxm;ol aoqHk;vQifaomfvnf;aumif; o&P*Hk vHk;0ysufpD;onf/ (rSwfcsuf/
/ bk&m;udk ypfy,fNyD; ewfudkNzpfap? wNcm;aom bk&m;tavmif; (w½kwftef;ukef;)
ponfudkNzpfap udk;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyfrlum; o&P*Hk ysufonf/)
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
60
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) &wemoHk;yg; *kPfawmfrsm;ü rodem;rvnfNcif;? &wemoHk;yg;tay: awGa0Ncif;? rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqNcif;? r½dkrao rav;rpm;NyKNcif;wdkUaMumifh aqmufwnfxm;aom o&P*Hk npfEGrf;onf/ odkUNzpfí npfEGrf;Ncif;? ysufpD;Ncif;r½Sdatmif owdaqmifMu&monf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk rwnfEdkifol o&P*Hk wnfaeolonf wNcm;bmomudk aNymif;vGJ udk;uG,frI rNyKorQ raorcsif; olUoEÅmefü o&P*Hk wnfae\/ aovQifum; o&P*Hk ysufoGm;ayNyD/ aoNyD;aemuf pdwf r½Sdawmhaom OwkZ½kyftavmif;ürl
o&P*Hk
rwnfEdkifay/
pdwfonfvnf;
OwkZ½kyf<uif;teD;ü
r½SdawmhbJ
aemufwpfb0ü Nzpfysuf tpOftwdkif; NzpfvsufaeavNyD/ (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
o&P*Hk trSm;rsm; bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;rS wpfyg; wNcm; w&m;? wNcm; t&mudk rdrdwdkU qif;&Judk Nidrf;ay;Edkifonf[k xifrSwfum tm;udk;&m taeNzifh ,HkMunf qnf;uyf udk;uG,fvQif rSm;,Gif;aom ,HkMunf tm;udk;rI? rSm;,Gif;aom udk;uG,frIom Nzpf\/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf xdkw&m; xdkt&mwdkUü qif;&JNidrf;aMumif; tusifhaumif; tusifhrSef r½SdaomaMumifhyif/ NrwfpGmbk&m; vufxufawmftcgu t*¾d'wå &aohBuD;ESifh wynfh wpfaomif;wdkUonf opfyif? awm? awmif? opfoD;O,smOf? yef;O,smOf? ewfuGef;awGudk udk;uG,faeMu\/ NrwfpGmbk&m;u olwdkU udk;uG,faeMuonfrSm rSm;,Gif;aom udk;uG,frIawG NzpfaMumif;? qif;&Judk rNidrf;apEdkifaMumif;
&wemoHk;yg;udk
,HkMunfudk;uG,frSomvQif
r*¾if½Spfwef
tusifhrSefudk
usifhMuHtm;xkwfcGifh &oNzifh opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk odí qif;&J Nidrf;apEdkifaMumif; a[mMum;vsuf vrf;rSefudk Nyay;&\/ xdktcgrSyif t*¾d'wåESifh wynhftm;vHk; todrSef tNrifrSef&um &[EÅm NzpfoGm;Mu\/ ("r®-| 2? 159) (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
61
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*HkykwD;pdyfNcif; a½S;a½S;q&mNrwfwdkUonf o&P*Hkudk txyfxyf tcgcg cH,laqmufwnf½HkrQru o&P*Hk txHk&ap&efESifh o&P*Hk npfEGrf;rIr½SdbJ tpOfxm0& NzLpifawmufyrI½Sdap&ef o&P*HkygVdudk txyfxyf tcgcg ½GwfqdkyGg;rsm;NyD; ykwD;pdyfNcif;rsm;vnf; ½Sdygonf/ ykwD;pdyfenf;udkvnf; atmufygtwdkif; nTefMum;azmfNyMuygonf-rsufpdudkrSdwf (odkUr[kwf) rsufvTmudkcs? ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} [lí yg;pyfu qdk? vufu ykwD;wpfvHk;cs/ NrwfpGmbk&m;udk ]]qif;&Judk y,fazsmuf csrf;omudk a&mufapwwfaom udk;uG,f&m bk&m;Nrwf&wem}} [lí pdwfu od? ykwD;wpfywf&atmifpdwf/ -rsufpdudkrSdwf (odkUr[kwf) rsufvTmudkcs? ]]"r®H o&PH *pämrd}} [lí yg;pyfu qdk? vufu ykwD;wpfvHk;cs/ w&m;awmfNrwfudk ]]qif;&Judk y,fazsmuf csrf;omudk a&mufapwwfaom udk;uG,f&m w&m;Nrwf&wem}} [lí pdwfu od? ykwD;wpfywf&atmifpdwf/ -rsufpdudkrSdwf (odkUr[kwf) rsufvTmudkcs? ]]oHCH o&PH *pämrd}} [lí yg;pyfu qdk? vufu ykwD;wpfvHk;cs/ oHCmawmfNrwfudk
]]qif;&Judk
y,fazsmuf
csrf;omudk
a&mufapwwfaom
udk;uG,f&m
oHCmawmfNrwf&wem}} [lí pdwfu od? ykwD;wpfywf&atmifpdwf/ þenf;tm;Nzifh t"d|mef0wfxm;í Nzpfapç 0wfrxm;bJ Nzpfap o&P*Hk ygVdrsm;udk ½GwfyGg;NyD; ykwD;pdyfEdkifMuygonf/ ykwD;pdyfNcif;onf ygVdawmfç t|uxmç #Dum usrf;rsm;wGif vmaom usrf;*efvm tvkyfrsdK;r[kwfapumrl a½S;a½S;q&mNrwfwdkU pOfqufrNywf usifhoHk;awmfrlcJhMuaom ukodkvfaumif;rI vkyfief;wpfck Nzpfygonf/ ,aeUtxdvnf; ykwD;pdyfNcif;tvkyfudk olawmfpifwdkU ½dkaopGm vdkufem vkyfudkifaqmif½Gufvsuf ½Sdygonf/ o&P*Hk ykwD;pdyfNcif;Nzifh o&P*Hk npfEGrf;rIr½SdbJ NzLpifrI&apNyD; udk,fEIwfESvHk; oHk;yg;vHk; o&P*HktxHkaumif;pGm &EdkifMuygonf/ cE¨mudk,fwpfckvHk; o&P*HkNzifh xHkxm;Edkifygu txHk&pGJNrJaeaom o&P*Hkpdwfonf
um,uH
aomif;usef;rIç
Nzpfapwwfonfh
tukodkvftnpfw&m;rsm;udk
0pDuH
aomif;usef;rIç
z,f½Sm;NyD;
raemuH
NzLpifaom
aomif;usef;rIudk ukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk
tpOfwdk;yGg;apEdkifygonf/ o&P*Hkukodkvfpdwfonf omoemwGif;ukodkvfNzpfí vGefpGm pGrf;tm; BuD;rm;vS\/ xdkUaMumifh tqdkyg o&P*Hkukodkvfpdwfonf a&xJodkU ypfcsvdkufwdkif; NrKyfwwfaom av;vHonfhausmufcJ oHcJrsm;udk avSoabFmBuD;rsm;onf rNrKyfatmif umqD; wm;NrpfEdkifouJhodkU tukodkvfw&m;\ tusdK;ay;cGifhudkyif
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
62
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) umqD;wm;NrpfNyD; ewf½Gmok*wdodkU vm;a&muf&Ncif; paom aumif;aom tusdK;rsm;udk ay;pGrf;Edkifygonf/ ,if;odkU
tusdK;
ay;pGrf;EdkifaMumif;
odomxif½Sm;vSygonf/
oH,kwfusrf;vm
rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif
]]o&POygoum}}
vkyfudkifaqmif½GufNcif;Nzifh
\
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vufawGU
tusdK;rsm;udk
odNrifcHpm;EdkifMuygonf/ atmufygwdkUrSm a½S;q&mNrwfwdkU azmfNytyfaom o&P*Hk ykwD;pdyfNcif;\ tusdK;NyvuFmrsm; Nzpfygonf -o&P*Hk? oHk;yg;pHk? Munf,HkykwD;pdyf/ -o&P*Hk? udk,fvHk;xHk? NynfhpHkod'¨d[dwf/ -o&P*Hk? udk,fvHk;xHk? tm½Hkxifedrdwf/ -tEÅ&m,fuif;? uyfausmfeif;? aygNcif;vmbfrqdwf/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
o&P*HkwnfNcif;\ tusdK; o&P*Hk raqmufwnfbJ oDv,lEdkifaomfvnf; o&P*Hk wnfNyD;rS aqmufwnf usifhoHk;tyfaom oDvonfomvQif ydkrdkNyD; aumif;usdK;BuD;rm; Nrifhrm;aomaMumifh o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNyD;rSom ig;yg;oDvç ½Spfyg;oDv ponfwdkUudk aqmufwnfMuygonf/
ÓPf,SOfç r,SOf apwDç
ykxdk;ç
½kyfyGg;ç
qif;wkawmfrsm;udk
awGUNrifaomtcgESifh
&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk
awGUNrifaomtcg rdbwdkUu ]]½Sdcdk;Mu? OD;csMu}} [k cdkif;aomaMumifh &wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,faom uav;oli,fwdkU\ rd½dk;zvm o&P*Hkonf ÓPfr,SOf (ÓP0dyÜ,kwfNzpf) aom o&P*HkNzpfonf/ þo&P*Hkonfvnf; aumif;usdK;&Edkif\/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfawmfrsm;udk razmufrNyef rSefuefpGm ygVdteuf t"dyÜm,f
xifNrifí
,HkMunfouf0ifvsuf
ok*wdb0tqifhqifhESifh &wemoHk;yg;wdkUudk
edAÁmefwdkifatmif
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfolwdkU\
aumif;usdK;&Edkifonf[k o&P*Hkonf
ÓPfESifh,SOf
(ÓPorÜ,kwfNzpf) aom o&P*Hk Nzpf\/ o&P*Hk\ aumif;usdK;tmedoifum; vlUb0ç ewfb0\ NynfhpHkNcif; vlUpnf;pdrfç ewfpnf;pdrfç NA[®mhpnf;pdef csrf;omrsm;ESifh NynfhpHkonfhtNyif r*f? zdkvf? edAÁmefwdkifatmif aumif;usdK;ay;Edkifonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
63
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*Hk wnfNcif; tusdK;rsm; avmuü bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf rnfonfht&mESifhrQ EdIif;pmí r&atmif tNrifhqHk; twkrJh &wemrsm;Nzpfygonf/ tvGefvnf; awGUcJ qHkcJ MuHKMudKufcJygonf/ ,if;odkU tNrifhqHk; tNrwfqHk; twkrJh &wemrsm;Nzpfí tvGefvnf; awGUcJ qHkcJ MuHKMudKufcJvSaom &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m[lí ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&oNzifh o&P*Hkwnf&Ncif;onf vGefpGm tusdK;BuD;NrwfvSyg\/ tNrifhqHk; tNrwfqHk; twkrJh tusdK;rsm;udk &½SdcHpm;EdkifMuygonf/ aumif;aom ok*wdb0odkU a&muf&Ncif;ç pnf;pdrfOpömESifh NynfhpHk&Ncif;ç tyg,f'k*¾wdb0odkU rus ra&muf&bJ ewfNynfodkU a&muf&Ncif;ç ewfNynfodkU a&mufaomtcgü touf½SnfNcif;ç tqif;vSNcif;ç csrf;omBuD;Ncif;ç ta>ct&Hrsm;Ncif;ç tpdk;&Ncif; ig;rsdK;ESifh tqif; toHç teHUç t&omç tawGUtxd tm½Hkig;yg;? aygif; q,fyg;wdkUrSm tNcm; (o&P*Hk rwnfaom) ewfrsm;xuf omvGefNcif;wdkUudk &½SdcHpm;Edkif\/ wenf;tm;Nzifh Nzpfav&m b0wdkif;ü trsm;ylaZmf cH&Ncif;ç xufaom ÓPfynm½SdNcif;ç rdrdtvdkodkU vdkufygapEdkifNcif;ç trsm;ESifhrwlaom pnf;pdrfcsrf;omrsm;udk cHpm;&Ncif;ç a½Ttqif;ESifh wlNcif;ç trsm; ESpfoufMunfñdkrIudk
cH&Ncif;ç
rdwfaqG
taygif;toif;rsm;\
cspfcifESpfoufrIudk
&Ncif;ç
ausmfapmxif½Sm;Ncif; [laom tusdK;xl; ½Spfyg;udk &Ncif;wdkUrSm o&P*HkwnfNcif;aMumifh &½SdcHpm;&aom usrf;*efvm tusdK;rsm;Nzpfygonf/ xdkrSwyg; o&P*Hkudk ½GwfyGg;í tpmpm;vQif tpm tqdyfroifh/ udk,f0ef½SdaepOf o&P*Hkudk ½GwfyGg;vQif csrf;ompGm arG;zGm;\/ tarG;& vG,ful\/ arG;zGm;vmaom om;orD;rsm; ab;&efuif;\/ o&P*Hkudk tNrJ½GwfyGg;aevQif o&J wapä raNcmuf? ab;&efra&muf? o&P*Hkudk ½Gwfqdkí opfyifrsm;udk pdkufysdK;vQif opfyifrsm; ydk;rus? aumif;pGm ½Sifoefí zGHUxGm;oefrmaom toD;tESH t½Gufrsm;udk &Edkifonf paomtm;Nzifh
vufawGUtusdK;
vGefpGmrsm;vSygonf/
cHpm;&olwdkUu
pifppftm;Nzifhum;
0ef;&HaNymqdkMuaom
o&P*HkwnfNcif;\
o&P*Hk
tusdK;oGm;onf
tusdK;wdkUrSmvnf; ]]þrSomwnf;?
þxufrydk}} [k qdkzG,fr½Sdyg/ tNrifhqHk; tNrwfqHk;Nzpfaom twkrJh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyf
udk;uG,f&Ncif;aMumifh
&Edkifaom
tusdK;wdkUum;
teEÅ
ty&drmP
twdkif;twmr½Sd
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
64
rsm;Nym;BuD;us,fonfom trSefNzpfygonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) o&P*Hk\tusdK; o&P*HkwnfvQif b0aumif; b0rGefawGudk&Ncif;? pnf;pdrfOpöm NynfhpHkNcif;rS pí qif;&Jcyfodrf; Nidrf;onftxd aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk &½SdEdkif\/
ewfNzpf&aom wHigonf a½S;u oD[dkVfuRef;ü ½GmwGif wrDvf vlrsdK; wHigonf wpfa,muf ½Sd\/ olonf ESpfaygif; ig;q,fwdkifwdkif wHigvkyfief;Nzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;NyD;aemuf tdkrif;rpGrf; Nzpfaomtcg a&m*g ESdyfpufí tdyf&mxufü vJavsmif;ae\/ &[ef;awmfwpfyg;onf xdk wHigonfESifh oduRrf;oNzifh aocgeD; wHigonfrSm tenf;i,frQyif axmufwnf&m &apawmhqdkaom oabmNzifh olUtdrfodkU <uoGm;\/ tdrfodkU a&mufaomtcg vlrrm wHigonfudk o&P*Hk aqmufwnfap\/ wHigonfonf aoab;udk aMumufoNzifh o&P*Hkudk vdkvdkvm;vm; cH,laqmufwnf\/ &[ef;awmfu qufvufí ig;yg;oDv wdkifay;aomtcg vlrrmrSm ar;cdkifoGm;í vdkufrqdkEdkifawmhay/ &[ef;awmfu oifhavmufNyD[kqdkum ausmif;odkU Nyef<uoGm;\/ rMumrDyif wHigonf uG,fvGefí pwkr[m&mZfewfNynfü ewfpnf;pdrf csrf;omudk cHpm;&\/ þwHigonf ESpfaygif;ig;q,f NyKvkyfcJhaom ygPmwdygw (tmpdPÖuH) tukodkvfudk aocgeD;rS NyK&aom (tmoEéuH) o&P*Hk ukodkvfu wm;Nrpfvdkufum aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk ay;Ncif;Nzpfonf (tH-| 2? 107)/ odkUaomf o&P*Hkukodkvf\ tpGrf;owåd ukefqHk;aomtcg xdkol\ ygPmwdygwuH tusdK;ay;cGifh &vmEdkifayonf/ (usrf;udk;/
/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom) ------------------------------
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
65
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) om"u0w¬Krsm; o&P*HkwnfNcif;
tusdK;rsm;udk
ay:vGifrIESifh
cdkifvHkrI½Sd&ef
usrf;*efvm
xif½Sm;aom
o&P*HktusdK;Ny om"u0w¬Krsm;udk azmfNyygOD;rnf/
aoaomufMuL; ]]o&POygoum}} taMumif; bk&m;½Sif
vufxufawmfü
bk&m;½Sif\
aqGawmfrsdK;awmf
trsdK;om;wpfa,mufonf
t&ufaopmudk vlrSef;odwwfonfh t½G,frSpí rNywfrvyf aomufpm;avh½SdcJhonf/ xdkodkU t&ufaopm aomufpm;avh½Sdaomfvnf; bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;tay:ü ,HkMunftm;xm;onfhpdwfum; vGefpGmBuD;rm;cdkifrmvS\/ tb,frQBuD;rm;oenf;[lrl wpfOD;wpfa,mufu ]]oifonf bk&m;udk bk&m;r[kwfbl;? w&m;udk w&m; r[kwfbl;? oHCmudk oHCmr[kwfbl;vdkU aNymvQifaNym? raNymvQif oif\ OD;acgif;udk Nzwfypfrnf}} [k qdkcJhvQif ]]oifNzwfvdku Nzwfyg? ightaeeJU bk&m;udk bk&m;r[kwfbl;? w&m;udk w&m; r[kwfbl;? oHCmudk oHCmr[kwfbl;[k b,fenf;ESifhrQ raNym0Hhyg}} [lí
NyefaNymEdkifpGrf;onftxd
BuD;rm;cdkifrmolNzpfonf/
þrQ
BuD;rm;vGef;onfhtwGufaMumifhvnf;
&wemoHk;yg;tay:ü
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&wemoHk;yg;tay:ü
,HkMunftm;xm;onfhpdwf"mwf
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]]o&POygoum}}
[k
ac:cJhMuonf/ xdk ]]o&POygoum}} ac: aoaomufMuL;trsdK;om;onf xdkb0rS aovGefonf½Sdaomf &wemoHk;yg;tay:
toufpGefUí
,HkMunftm;xm;aom
o&P*HkpdwfaMumifh
ewfNynfodkU
vm;a&muf&avonf/ þodkU b0wavQmufvHk;
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bk&m;½Sifu
a[mNyawmfrl&m
aomufpm;vmcJholNzpfygvsuf
o&POygoumonf
aoonfhtcg
ewfNynfodkU
a&mufoGm;onfqdkaom bk&m;½Sif\ a[mMum;csufudk aqGawmfrsdK;awmftm;vHk;u r,HkMunfEdkifNzpfMuonf/ tcsif;csif; pkrdwdkif; aNymqdkMuí NrwfpGmbk&m;tm; uJh&JUNypfwifMuawmhonf/ þtaMumif;udk bk&m;½Sif\ baxG;awmf ]]r[memrf}} omuD0ifrif;u Mum;&onfhtwGuf bk&m;½Siftm; avQmufxm;&m -
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
66
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) r[memrf . . . &wem oHk;yg;ü rwkefrvIyf ouf0if ,HkMunfol ]]o&POygoum}} onf aoqHk;onfESifh wNydKifeuf aomwmyeftNzpfa&mufNyD; ewfNynfodkU a&mufoGm;&Ncif;rSm rSefayonf/ ]]&wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfawmf aus;Zl;awmfrsm;u twdkif;rod BuD;us,fNrifhNrwfNcif;ç &wemoHk;yg;tay: toufpGefUí
rwkefrvIyf
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xm;½SdNcif;}}
tukodkvftm;tpGrf;onf
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taMumif;wdkUaMumifh
o&P*HkwnfNcif;\
ukodkvfpGrf;tm;udk
umqD;wm;NrpfNcif;rNyKEdkif [lí bk&m;½Sifu NyefvnfrdefUMum;awmfrlcJhygonf (oH? 3? 326) / (þ0w¬Konf
&wemoHk;yg;udk
toufESif;í
rysufr,Gif;
rwkefrvIyf
,HkMunfudk;uG,faom
avmukwå&mo&P*Hk tusdK;Ny om"u0w¬K Nzpf\/) (usrf;udk;/
/Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;) ------------------------------
o&P*Hkwnfaom trsdK;om;wpfa,muftaMumif; taemr'óD NrwfpGmbk&m;yGifhxGef;awmfrl&mtcgü rsufrNrifrdbESpfyg;wdkUudk NyKpkvkyfauR;aeaom vkvifwpfa,muf½Sdavonf/ ¤if;vkvifonf wpfaeUoü þodkU tMuHwpfckNzpfav\ igonf rsufrNrif rdb ESpfyg;udk vkyfauR;ae&onfhtwGuf ½Sif&[ef;NyKcGifhr& Nzpfae&onf? bk&m;½SifyGifhawmfrl&m omoemawmfESifh MuHKMudKufonfhtcdkuf udk;uG,f&m wpfckudkawmh ½SmazGqnf;yl;rS oifhrnf [lí tMuHNzpfavonf/ ,if;odkU
MuHNyD;aemuf
taemr'óD
NrwfpGmbk&m;\
t*¾om0uwynfhNzpfaom
]]edobrax&fNrwf}} xHodkU csOf;uyfNyD; o&P*Hk oHk;yg;udk woufvHk; rysufatmif aqmufwnfcJhavonf/ xdktcsdefu
vlwdkU\
toufwrf;onf
wpfodef;wrf;NzpfaomaMumifh
vGefpGm
touf½SnfoNzifh
o&P*Hkvnf; MumMumwnf&avonf/ o&P*Hkonf umv½Snf½Snfwnfav tusdK;rsm;av Nzpfygonf/ xdkvkvifonf rsufrNrif rdbESpfyg;wdkUudk vkyfauR;vsufyif o&P*Hkudk toufxufqHk; rysuf rpD;&atmif udk;uG,f tm;xm;&m NyKí aqmufwnfNyD; xdkb0rS pkawaovGefvQif o&P*Hkudk
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
67
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) toufxufqHk;
rysufrpD;&atmif
aqmufwnfxm;aom
aumif;rIaMumifh
wm0wðomewfNynfü
ewfwumwdkUudk tpdk;&aom odMum;rif;BuD; Nzpf&av\/ þodkUþyHk o&P*Hkudk vHkNcHKpGm woufvHk; aqmufwnfcJhaomaumif;rI\ tusdK;qufaMumifhyif odMum;rif; tNzpfcsnf;yJ qufumqufum Nzpf&onfrSm tBudrfaygif; ½Spfq,f? av;uRef;vHk;udk tpdk;&aom pMum0aw;rif;BuD; Nzpf&onfrSm ckepfq,fhig;Budrf? ya'o&mZfç {u&mZfrif; tNzpfwdkUrSm ra&rwGufEdkifatmif tBudrf rsm;vSygonf/ xdkvkvifonf udk;q,fhwurÇmywfvHk; tyg,fav;yg;odkU wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ
rvm;a&muf&bJ
vlUbHkESifh
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txyfxyfvSnfhum
vlrif;pnf;pdrf
ewfrif;pnf;pdrfcsrf;omwdkUudk tBudrfBudrf tcgcg rsm;pGm cHpm;cJh&ygonf/ Nzpfav&m b0wdkUüvnf; olwyg;wdkUxuf xl;uJaom ]]trsm;tylaZmfcH&Ncif;? xufaomÓPfynm½SdNcif;}} ponfh tusdK;xl;½Spfyg;udk txift½Sm;
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upm;NrL;xl;aysmfyg;&if;
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oGm;a&mufum o&P*Hk oHk;yg; ay;oem;awmfrlygbk&m;[k avQmufav\/ &[EÅmwpfyg;u o&P*Hk oHk;yg;udk ay;awmfrlavvQif ckepfESpfom;t½G,f xdkoli,fonf o&P*Hkudk cH,l aqmufwnfí NyD;vQif NyD;csif;yif &[EÅmtNzpfodkU a&mufavonf/ taemr'óD NrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhawmfrl&m vGefcJhaom wpfoacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef;tcgrS pí wpfBudrfwpfcgom
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aumif;rIudk taNccHNyKí &[EÅmtNzpfodkU a&muf&avaomaMumifh þomoemawmfü ]]o&P*reD,ax&f}} [k aevtoGif xif½Sm; ausmfapm cJhygonf (ty? 1? 82/ ty? |? 2? 39) /
wHigonf wpfOD;taMumif; a½S;tcg ]]'rdV}} rnfaom trsdK;om; wpfOD;onf tESpfig;q,fywfvHk; wHigtvkyfNzifh toufarG;aexdkifvmcJhayonf/ rxEdkifNzpfcJhayonf/
touf-50
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]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf
68
o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if) rax&fonf tb,faus;Zl;udkaxmufí ighxHodkU vmoenf;}} [k tar;cdkif;vdkufonf/ tdrf½SifrNzpfolu cdkif;aponfhtwdkif; raNymbJ ]]uefawmhqGrf;ygbk&m;}} [k &[ef;awmfudk avQmufxm;vdkufygonf/ xdktcg &[ef;awmfu ]]'g,um . . . b,fE, S faewHk;}} [k Nyefvnf ar;Nref;awmfrl&m tdrf½Sif'g,dumr-u &[ef;awmfvnf;
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/ awmifNrdKU*E¨m½Hkq&mawmfBuD;\ &wemh*kPf&nf) ------------------------------
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