ArchPLUS Summer 2016 Vol.3 No.3 by American Institute of Architects Westchester + Hudson Valley

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Latest Sustainable Design Events By Christina Griffin, AIA LEED AP CPHC

10 Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Happening in Our Chapter

By Manuel Andrade, AIA, LEED AP bd+c

12 News and Events

By Jaclyn Tyler, AIA, LEED AP bd+c

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Jan Degenshein, AIA takes off his architect hat to give us a guide of what he and the Water Conservation County of Rockland has been doing to ensure clean, fresh abundant water for Rockland Countyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 330,000 residents. He has been working with the New York State Public Service Commission, the Department of Environmental Conservation and Suez Water New York, Riverkeepers, Geologists and Environmentalists. Read about his up and down journey and learn some very smart tips of how lawmakers and citizens can conserve water. E +

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Mark your Calendar for upcoming events

38 Front Photo: Wheeler Residence Photo Credit: Neil Landino Architect: Saniee Architects, LLC

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Hector Munoz-Baras, AIA takes us to his homeland to see what they have been up to in his 50 year absence. He visits plazas, grand homes, stores, restaurants, a McKim, Meade and White designed hotel, the cities and the countryside. He examines the effects of the local architecture due to limited outside influence (and money), and discovers that though there is preservation and no â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;wholesale renewalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of the cities, there often remains neglect and structural instability. Read on to hear about his travels and the new resurgence in preservation, what new projects are in construction and a glimpse of the future of Cuban architecture.

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Honoring the First Woman Recognized as a Professional Architect By Mike Burridge "

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We have heard about its uses for years, and many of us have used it numerous times successfully in different applications. Learn how its positive properties can further enhance the CMU and masonry building envelope.

New York City Row Houses By Ciro Cuono, PE

Three Ways to Limit Your Liability By Werner Sabo, FAIA, CSI/Shawn Goodman

Temporary Home in Rio By Peter Gaito Jr., AIA

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Local architects help educate the public on the value of architecture and how they go from sketch to construction drawing to build project.

Back Photo: Wheeler Residence Photo Credit: Neil Landino Architect: Saniee Architects, LLC

Pilgrim Road House Photo Credit: Jason Schmidt Architect: Deborah Berke Partners

Architect: Pei Cobb Freed & Partners %

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Peter Gaito Jr., AIA pgaitojr@pfga.net `

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Jaclyn Tyler, AIA, LEED AP bd+c Valerie Brown, Hon. AIANYS, LEED AP chapteroffice@aiawhv.org 914.232.7240

Jaclyn Tyler, AIA, LEED AP bd+c d

Jason Taylor, AIA z

Teresa Marboe, AIA; Nicolas Mariscal, Assoc. AIA; Nick Viazzo, AIA; Jaclyn Tyler, AIA, LEED AP bd+c g

is currently accepting unsolicited material for upcoming publications. For submission guidelines and/or to become a regular contributor, see our website for information; . For further information please email the Editor or the Executive Director. a

President Manuel Andrade, AIA, LEED AP bd+c

Directors James Copeland, AIA John Cutsumpus, AIA Marsha Leed, AIA, LEED AP Kim Miller, AIA, LEED AP Seunghee Park, AIA, LEED AP Elizabeth Parks, AIA Nick Viazzo, AIA

President-Elect Michael Berta, AIA Treasurer Rick Torres, AIA Secretary Jaclyn Tyler, AIA, LEED AP, bd+c

Associate Directors Erika Conradt, Assoc. AIA, LEED AP Teresa Marboe, AIA

Executive Director Valerie Brown, Hon. AIANYS, LEED AP chapteroffice@aiawhv.org

State Director John Fry, AIA, LEED AP bd+c Immediate Past President Peter Gaito Jr, AIA

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Is a benefit of the American Institute of Architects Westchester + Hudson Valley Chapter as a quarterly publication. For information on professional or allied membership, please call 914-232-7240 or email chapteroffice@aiawhv.org.

P.O.Box 611, Katonah, NY 10536 914.232.7240 E-mail: chapteroffice@aiawhv.org Website: www.aiawhv.org Twitter: @aiawhv Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AIAWestchesterHudsonValley Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/AIAWestchesterHudsonValley

The opinions expressed herein or the representations made by contributors and advertisers, including copyrights and warranties, are not those of the AIA Westchester + Hudson Valley Chapter, its Staff or the Editor-in-Chief of , unless expressly stated otherwise. a

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A Word From The Editor

Temporary Home in Rio

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It is always a magical time of the year (at least in the Northeast) when all things seem possible and fun is around every corner. The warm air temperatures provide a very easy platform in which to see new things, visit new places, eat new food and meet new people. As an architect, my summer vehicle of choice is my bicycle. It allows me to get from A to B, while moving at a pace where I can view, digest and enjoy the architecture and landscape around me. Another special part of this particular summer is the 31st Olympic games. Some watch every sport, some watch none of it, but is always delivers both greatness and sadness. Greatness in the form of wonderful, heartfelt stories of athleticism, perseverance, guts and glory, and sadness in the form of athletes personal struggles, home country troubles or mishaps at the Olympic Village. Before each Olympics begins, I study the master plan and the architecture of the upcoming stadiums, villages, housing and arenas. I view the Olympics as part sporting event and part architecture world’s fair, as some of the word’s most iconic structures were built for the Olympic games. The opportunity to design, engineer and build one of these must be amazing. Though the advent of seeing proud, new architecture at every Olympics is exciting

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for many of us, I wonder if this is the really the best use of the financial resources and time available in which to design and build them. It seems that each year at least a few buildings are hastily built, under perform, fail safety tests and are not ready at the start of the games. Some other buildings make it through the games only to fall into abandonment in later years due to maintenance fees, no need for use or an inability to be adapted into another use. All the while, the cities and villages bordering the Olympic Village are in complete need of upgrade: schools, roads, hospitals, housing and clean water supply. To this effect, Rio architects have tried to design several buildings in a sustainable fashion that will allow for the easy removal and redistribution of the buildings exterior façade, steel, concrete and MEP systems to four area schools. I was happy to learn of this step in the right direction. I have also heard some people suggest that the International Olympic Committee limit the places we hold the Olympics to a handful, and restructure the available funds to various countries to improve their built environment and training settings. To date, 48 different cities have hosted with two more planned. It is an interesting thought: Choose 4 cities for the summer games and 4 cities for the Winter Games, presumably in different parts of the world. That concentration of locations could help to improve the existing Olympic architecture, and then masterplan, sustainably design and build what is

required to support the games, athletes and spectators as the Olympics evolve. The other countries can then receive a spending stipend to build ‘Olympic related’ facilities which could be in the form of housing, medical facilities, training centers and schools, roads and clean water filtration pump stations. In this issue of ArchPLUS, we explore several related themes and articles including sustainability and water savings in our chapter area, spray foam applications, interesting chapter member news, helpful legal advice and a view from an architectural travel journal from a chapter member who recently visited Cuba. Could Havana be one of the next Olympic spots ? Happy ReadingTalk soon j

My favorite Olympic building in Rio this year is the Future Arena designed for handball competitions. Architect: Lopes Santos & Ferreira Gomes + And Architects

Sustainable Design

Latest Sustainable Design Events BY CHRISTINA GRIFFIN, AIA LEED AP CPHC

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To attract these programs to Westchester County and the Hudson Valley, the Center for Sustainable Development works closely with the U.S. Green Building Council to arrange seminars, often with the cosponsorship of AIAWHV. To bring our public officials into the discourse, we have had the pleasure of hearing keynote speakers such as Congressman Eliot Engel at our seminar about Resiliency last December, and County Executive Rob Astorino and NYS State Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins at other past C4SD events.

On June 29th, we held the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Crack the Codeâ&#x20AC;? seminar, a NYSERDA program about changes in the NYS Energy Conservation Construction Code, at Pace University Law School in White Plains, organized by USGBC, and conducted by David Bean RA, a seminar instructor from Urban Green. Methods for conserving energy that many architects are learning about through training for LEED and Passive House certification, such as air barriers, continuous insulation, thermal bridging, blower door tests, and commissioning, are now addressed in our state code, and enforceable starting October 3, 2016. The new code is a progressive move towards a higher level of energy conservation and resiliency of our building stock, resulting from well-designed building envelopes. In August, the C4SD sponsored a meetup for Kay Kunsel, a German architect and dynamic speaker who will be visiting Westchester County again for his third year in a row to share his ideas about the latest Passive House methodologies. Rob Hothan, Building Scientist and colleague of Kayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, will be organizing the event on short notice, to fit with Kayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s family vacation plans. Look out for an announcement of his visit, which is likely to take place at the Center for the Urban River at Bezak Center in Yonkers. On October 13th, the U.S. Green Building Council has organized the Hudson Valley Green Building Expo in New Paltz, which will be co-sponsored by AIAWHV. James Hartford of Passive House Alliance Hudson Valley, Tracie Hall, Executive Director of

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Above: NYSERDAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x153;Crack the Codeâ&#x20AC;? seminar, held at Pace University Law School on June 29.

Upstate USGBC, and Rick Alfandre, former chair of USGBC NY Upstate, are Planning Committee members for the event. The Center for Sustainable Development has provided support and outreach to bring these groups together, and we are excited to see the collaboration of organizations that attract pioneers of the latest ideas in sustainable development. The Expo is open for registration of exhibitors and speakers, see www.usgbc.org for details.

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President’s Perspective

BY MANUEL ANDRADE, AIA. LEED AP BD+C

It is hard to believe how fast this year is going. It is the middle of August and soon our children will be off back to college or getting ready for the first day of school.

Our national organization, continues to develop our chapter’s leadership. A new program was introduced this year which allowed leaders to focus on leadership skills during Grassroots and then advocacy and lobbying during SpeakUp. During Grassroots members were introduced to professional development resources, essential leadership skills, and methods of transforming our organization into valued entity. The other important function of The American Institute of Architects is to promote and advocate for our profession and community. During SpeakUp, attendees were divided into teams which developed campaign programs to address a proposed local issue. While the teams worked on their campaign, they participated in workshops to develop their communication, advocacy, presentation skills and tactics.

It has been an exciting year for our chapter and for the American Institute of Architects. We had an extremely successful Design Expo in March and a beautiful sunny day for our Annual Scholarship Golf Outing. Our chapter members were introduced to the upcoming NY State Codes during our all day code seminar as well as a seminar on the relationship of the Green Building Initiative with the Green Globes Rating System. The chapter’s Summer School program continued to provide opportunities for our members to keep up to date on their continuing education. There are still more events to come for the remainder of the year. One event that everyone should look out for is our The date of the event has been changed to October where the colorful leaves will provide an exciting backdrop for our boat tour on the Hudson. Other events to look out for are AIA Westchester + Hudson Valley Design Awards and our year end celebration, Soiree 80. :

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The best place to keep up with events of our chapter is on our newly redesigned website. Our website has been revamped with a sleek new look and designed to assist our members as well as our clients and homeowners. If you haven’t checked it out yet, I recommend that you do. This year, the American Institute of Architects, National Convention occupied the City of Brotherly Love. The events were led by AIA National President, and our Chapter’s own, Russell Davidson, FAIA. Along with the convention events, the future leadership of the American Institute of Architects was chosen. Bruce W. Sekanick, AIA, from AIA Eastern Ohio, will be our 20172018 Secretary, while the position of 2017-2019 At-Large Direct was filled by Peter J. Exley, FAIA, from AIA Chicago. After an election run-off, Carl Elefante, FAIA from AIA Potomac Valley will lead our organization as the 2017 First Vice President / 2018 President.

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With the continued development of our leadership and our programs, the value of membership in the American Institute of Architects is continually being raised which in turn increases the membership of our organization. Currently the membership count of our

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. To keep this number growing, our members need to continue to be active in our chapter by joining the board, getting involved in a committee, attending chapter events and promoting our profession and the value of membership in the American Institute of Architects.

Check our web site, get involved and see you at our next event. Sincerely,

Manuel Andrade, AIA, LEED AP bd+c President

ArchPLUS ®

TECHNOLOGY

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Emerging Professionals

EP CORNER QUARTERLY FEATURE

The resource for Emerging Professional AIA chapter members

Right: Teresa Marboe, AIA, with Study Material winner Rob Texiera, Assoc. AIA. Below: Jaclyn Tyler, AIA, with Study Material winner Preston Hennes, Assoc. AIA.

Have you attended one of our monthly Happy Hours? If not, you are missing out. On the second Tuesday of each month local Architects and Emerging Professionals have been gathering together and discussing a range of topics in a laid back atmosphere. We travel to different locations every two months so watch your emails and the website for locations. At the end of each evening, one lucky Associate walks away with a division of the ARE study material. Don’t miss our on this great opportunity. We hope to see you at the next Happy Hour on October 13th at Sedona Tap House in Mamaroneck. In addition to our Monthly Happy Hour, we have some exciting events planned for the remainder of the year. On October 27th we will be featuring a Halloween themed event, we are planning another Trivia night, and are organizing the end of the year celebration, Soiree 80 at Garcia’s at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York. Exciting news to share with everyone is that the Chapter has received a grant to

Check our calendar at the end of this launch our “Jump Start the ARE” campaign. We are very excited about this and will be publication and on our website for releasing information on this in the near future. Please watch your inboxes as study sessions are coming soon in addition to new study material options. We want to thank the College of future event information. Fellows for selecting our application and presenting our chapter with this opportunity.

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E • merg • ing Pro • fes • sion • al noun

1. Any Member of the Architecture world that meets the following: Current Student, Recent Graduate, Licensed less than 10 years.

News / Kudos Congratulations to: Robert Texiera, Assoc. AIA, employed by Gallin Beeler Design Studio in Pleasantville, NY, on passing the Programming Planning and Practice section of the ARE. Tom Harberson, Assoc. AIA, employed by Lothrop Associates in White Plains, NY on successfully completing all sections of the ARE and becoming a licensed Architect.

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with the most study solutions in the industry! • OnDemand Review Seminars • Study Guides • Questions & Answers Handbooks • Practice Vignettes

Know Someone Who’s Not Getting EP News? Direct them to the “Emerging Professionals” section of the AIA WHV website (http://www.aiawhv.org/), or the chapter’s Facebook, Linked In, and Twitter pages. Please also visit the calendar on the website for information on EP events

• Flashcard Sets • Online QBanks

Call for News, Reviews, Events Do you have content that you’d like to share with our readers? Contact Jaclyn Tyler at jaclyn.a.tyler@gmail.com to learn how you can contribute.

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Studying for the ARE? All Associate members are eligible to borrow the 2014 Kaplan Study guides. Each section may be checked out individually on a loan period of 6 weeks with renewal possibilities available. Contact Teresa Marboe at teresa.marboe@gmail.com for details.

*Offer expires 12/31/2016. Not valid with other discounts or promotions.

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ARCH-574335

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AIA Westchester + Hudson Valley

Welcome New Members As new members join the AIA Westchester + Hudson Valley chapter, one of the top three largest chapters in New York State, our members gain more opportunities to network.

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Mr. Mark J. Castellani, AIA Station Design Inc. 265 Canal St 502 New York, NY 10013 http://stationdesigninc.com

Mr. Dion P. Miller, Assoc. AIA Cs Arch 19 Front Street Newburgh, NY 12550 www.csarchpc.com

Mrs. Genevieve Clarey, Assoc. AIA Amanda Martocchio Architecture + Design 189 Brushy Ridge Road New Canaan, CT 06840 http://amandamartocchio.com

Ms. Kristin Morales, AIA IM/KM Architecture + Planning 380 Main Street, Suite 204B Beacon, NY 12508 www.im-km.com

Mr. Christopher Crocco, Assoc. AIA Joseph R. Crocco Architects 4 MacDonald Ave # 5 Armonk, NY 10504

Miss Julia N. Nasti, Assoc. AIA

Ms. Melissa Hidalgo, Assoc. AIA

Mr. Richard C. Preston, Assoc. AIA

Ms. Deborah Kurtzman, AIA

Mr. Timothy B. O’Brien, Assoc. AIA Kaeyer, Garment & Davidson Architects & Engineers, P.C. 285 E Main St Mount Kisco, NY 10549 http://kgdarchitects.com

Mrs. Amanda Linhart, AIA ALL Design Architecture, PLLC

Mr. Roberto M. Palmerini, AIA ROAM Design, LLC 172-2 North Route 303 Congers, NY · 10920 www.roamdesignllc.com

Mr. Adamo Maiorano, Assoc. AIA

Mr. Edward Senatus, Assoc. AIA Fukui Architects PC 4 Smithfield Street Suite 1200 Pittsburgh PA 15222 www.farpc.com

Miss Yasamin Mayyas Jr., Assoc. AIA

Ms. Olga Snowden, AIA Shinberg.Levinas Architectural Design www.shinberglevinas.com

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AIA Westchester + Hudson Valley

Ms. Meredith S. Taubin, AIA Perkins Eastman 115 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10003 www.perkinseastman.com

Mrs. Diana Wawrzaszek, Assoc. AIA Carol Kurth Architecture, PC 644 Old Post Road Bedford, NY 10506 http://carolkurtharchitects.com

Mr. Leoncio L. Torres, AIA Ginsburg Development Companies 100 Summit Lake Drive #235 Valhalla, NY 10595 www.gdcllc.com

Ms. Amy M. Winberg, Assoc. AIA Kaeyer, Garment & Davidson Architects & Engineers, P.C. 285 E Main St Mount Kisco, NY 10549 http://kgdarchitects.com

Member/Local News Find out what your colleagues/Industry are up to... d

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In May, the Coalition of Community College Architecture Programs [CCCAP] presented the winners of its second annual student design competition at its annual conference which was held in Philadelphia in conjunction with the AIA National Convention. Open to first and second year architecture students, this year’s competition attracted over 100 students from 13 community college architecture programs in 10 states. The program called for students to design an Interfaith Chapel of Peace for nondenominational worship and meditation. The site was to be a natural environment of the students’ choice. The student’s design was to create a sense of spirituality, peace and contemplation through light, scale, form and nature. Designs also were to demonstrate a responsible relationship with the environment through the use of sustainable and recycled materials and alternative energy sources.dedicated staff ”. Josias Agustin Mendez + Erick Santos-Cruz, Dutchess Community College, Poughkeepsie, NY. Catherine McGuire, Faculty, received Honorable Mention.

A rendering from Mendez/Santos-Cruz’s Submission

Peter F. Gaito, AIA received a Distinguished Citizen Planner Award in the Westchester Municipal Planning Federation’s annual planning awards program. The Award was presented to Mr. Gaito at the Federation’s annual awards dinner on Thursday, June 2nd at the C.V. Rich Mansion in White Plains, N.Y. Congratulations to Peter F. Gaito, AIA a past president of our chapter. ¦

We are pleased to announce Rick’s 3rd International Design Award. The Y.O ZmartChair just recently won the A’ Design Award and Competition in the category of Furniture, Decorative Items and Homeware Design. The A’Design Awards are one of the world’s most influential design awards, presented each year in Italy. Thisaward gives recognition to the excellence of design on the international stage. The Y.O ZmartChair is simple and fundamentally changes the way a chair is perceived in the same way a car is now a phone, a mobile phone a camera, and now your desk chair is also a lounge chair! The Y.O ZmartChair has the unique ability to convert from a reclining position to an upright dining position in one motion without latches or hardware using only proportion, geometry and gravity while remaining in one piece as one object.

Family owned Best Plumbing Supply opened their second Supply Stop location in Westchester County. This location is in addition to a Supply Stop located in Yorktown, both of which are supported by their main supply house in Somers. The new location, 8 Westchester Plaza, opened May 9, 2016. Yestad’s Winning Chair Submission v

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Legal Corner

Three Ways to Limit Your Liability WERNER SABO, FAIA, CSI, AND SHAWN GOODMAN Ë

The Construction Specifier

This article examines three ways to lower one’s liability exposure to a client: •

limiting the amount the client can recover if you have breached the contract or are found negligent; limiting liability to the firms and not the individual employees and officers; and shortening the statutes of limitation and repose.

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Before delving into this topic, the authors offer a word of caution— one should always consult an attorney familiar with the laws of the jurisdiction where the project is located when the contract is being prepared. Each state has different laws and those laws can change from time to time. In other words, what follows is not legal advice, but something to consider when negotiating with a client.

The idea is to limit the amount of recovery a client can receive in the event of a claim against the design professional. It is important to note a limitation of liability is effective only as to the client and not as to third parties. This means if a worker is injured at the project site, the limitation of liability will have no effect. However, if the client sues you because you delayed the project, then it could protect you by limiting your exposure. There are two general strategies for this type of limitation. You can limit your exposure to: • •

a certain dollar amount (e.g. the amount of your fee); or the amount of insurance available.

For the first option, you might consider adding a sentence to your contract such as this:

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It is agreed that the developer will limit any and all liability for any damage on account of any error, omission or other professional negligence to a sum not to exceed $50,000 or the amount of the fee, whichever is greater. (This comes from Precision Planning v. Richmark, 679 S.E.2d 43 [Ga. App. 2009], where the court held the architect’s limitation of liability clause did not violate a statute or public policy.)

In a case where the owner claimed $4.2 million in losses due to the architect’s poor services, the following contractual provision that resulted in a limit of $70,000 in damages was held to be valid: The Owner agrees that to the fullest extent permitted by law, [Architect’s] total liability to the Owner shall not exceed the amount of the total lump sum fee due to negligence, errors, omissions, strict liability, breach of contract or breach of warranty. (This comes from Sams Hotel v. Environs, 716 F.3d 432 [7th Cir. 2013].)

Other courts have refused to uphold similar attempts to limit a design professional’s liability. For instance, in a Georgia case— McEver v. Planners, 663 S.E.2d 240 (Ga. 2008)—the court held this provision violated public policy (there was a dissenting opinion): In recognition of the relative risks and benefits of the project both to [Lanier] and [PEC], the risks have been allocated such that [Lanier] agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to limit the liability of [PEC] and its sub-consultants to [Lanier] and to all construction contractors and subcontractors on the project or any third parties for any and all claims, losses, costs, damages of any nature whatsoever, or claims expenses from any cause or causes, including attorneys’ fees and costs and expert witness fees and costs, so that the total aggregate liability of PEC and its sub-consultants to all those named shall not exceed PEC’s total fee for services rendered on this project. It is intended that this limitation apply to any and all liability or cause of action however alleged or arising, unless otherwise prohibited by law.

Today, it appears most courts will enforce a reasonable limitation of liability provision in a contract between the design professional and the owner so long as the limitation is reasonable and the parties had an opportunity to negotiate that provision. A limit of $10 is unlikely to be upheld, while a limit of the amount of fees is likely to pass muster.

designer should then ask for additional fees to cover the increased cost of that insurance. At least at the contract negotiation stage, most owners would not anticipate going after individuals in case of a claim. They recognize that, for anything major, they want insurance coverage. It is that insurance coverage that would be the source of funds to compensate them for their loss. It is not unreasonable, then, for this limitation to apply as long as there is adequate insurance coverage.

Owners may be more comfortable with a limitation if the limit is tied to insurance. For instance, the first provision quoted above might be amended to read: Ù

It is agreed that the developer will limit any and all liability for any damage on account of any error, omission or other professional negligence to a sum not to exceed the amount of the fee or the amount of available insurance providing coverage for the claim, whichever is greater.

When a claim arises between an owner and design professional it is rare individuals—as opposed to the firm—are named as defendants, but it does happen. One way to minimize this risk is to insert a provision in the contract such as the following:

It is important to note the suggested language includes the word “available.” This avoids the ambiguity that may be created by simply citing “insurance.” For instance, the architect may have $1 million in coverage. Most professional liability policies are written so there is declining coverage as claims or attorneys’ fees and costs are paid. If the architect has two claims and the insurance pays $100,000 on one claim, there will be only $900,000 left to cover the second claim. This is the amount “available” for that claim at that time. If that claim is litigated and $250,000 is spent on attorneys to defend the claim, there will only be $650,000 left on that policy.

No shareholder, member, officer, director, employee, or agent of the Architect or the Owner shall be personally liable, directly or indirectly, under or in connection with this Agreement, or any document, instrument or certificate securing or otherwise executed in connection with this Agreement, or any amendments or modifications to any of the foregoing, made at any time or times, hereto or hereafter; and the Architect and the Owner and each of their respective successors and assigns, do hereby waive any such personal liability.

Thus, it is important to limit the amount the owner can receive to the available insurance. This consideration may cause the owner to require the design professional to increase its coverage and the

Again, such a provision does not protect the individual who worked on the drawings from being sued by a third party, such as an injured worker. It should, however, prevent the owner or lender from filing a suit against that individual so long as the latter did not

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sign the agreement in his or her own name. This means that, when the president of the architectural firm signs the agreement, she or he needs to indicate the role as “president” to sign the agreement in that capacity. She or he is not signing the agreement on her or his own behalf, but rather, as an agent of the firm. This type of provision should be easy to negotiate into an agreement because it protects the owner as much as the designer.

Statutes of limitation and repose limit the time in which a design professional can be sued. In many situations, the parties can agree to limit this time by contract. Of course, this would not affect the rights of third parties to sue the design professional. For instance, someone injured as a result of a defect in the design of a building can sue the architect no matter what the contract says—so long as the suit is brought within the applicable statute of limitations or repose. However, as between the owner and design professional, those parties can agree to shorten the time within which either party can sue the other. Interestingly, the standard documents prepared by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) up until the 2007 versions, contained such a provision. For example, the 1997 version of B151, Abbreviated Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect, contained this provision: 9.3 Causes of action between the parties to this Agreement pertaining to acts or failures to act shall be deemed to have accrued and the applicable statutes of limitations shall commence to run not later than either the date of Substantial Completion for acts or failures to act occurring prior to Substantial Completion or the date of issuance of the final Certificate for Payment for acts or failures to act occurring after Substantial Completion. In no event shall such statutes of limitations commence to run any later than the date when the Architect’s services are substantially completed. While this did not shorten the statute of limitations, it affected when that period started—it started upon the date of substantial completion, no matter when the injury occurred or when a defect is discovered. The effect of this was to eliminate the statute of repose. An example of the effect of this provision is if the roof starts

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leaking in a building built in Illinois three years after substantial completion. Without the above language, the owner of the building would have four years (i.e. the current Illinois statute of limitations for construction issues) to sue the architect for a design defect that caused the leak. However, if the parties had that 1997 agreement with the above contract language, the owner would have only one year to sue the architect because the statute of limitations had started running three years earlier, leaving only one year remaining on the four year time limit. The design professional could get even more aggressive with this language by actually shortening the statute of limitations. Here is an example: The parties agree that no action may be brought by either party more than one year after the earlier of the date of the Architect’s Certificate of Substantial Completion or the date of the Architect’s last substantial work. Generally, private parties are free to shorten a statute of limitations by contract. (See Order of United Commercial Travelers of America v. Wolfe, 67 S.Ct. 1355 [1947].) Most states would likely uphold the above clause so long as the stated period is not unreasonable. For instance, shortening the period to one ‘week’ would likely fail, but one ‘year’ should work under most circumstances. Û

Design professionals should consider trying to limit their liability exposure by negotiating a good contract with their client. Of course, the client may push back with provisions that are more favorable to the client. This is where advice from an attorney familiar with the laws of the state where the project is located can be most beneficial. Werner Sabo, FAIA, CSI, concentrates his practice in construction, copyright, and real estate law. A licensed architect, he is a member of CSI (a past-president of the Chicago Chapter) and a Fellow of both the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and Association of Licensed Architects (ALA). Sabo is a construction arbitrator and mediator for the American Arbitration Association (AAA), active on several bar association committees, and a lecturer on construction law to a variety of professionals and students. His book, Legal Guide to AIA Documents, published by Aspen Publishing, is in its fifth edition. He can be contacted via e-mail at wsabo@bdlfirm.com Shawn Goodman is an attorney at Sabo & Zahn. He can be reached at sgoodman@sabozahn.com.

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Structural Solutions

New York City Row Houses Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s have a better understanding of old homes, how they were constructed and how we can restore them BY CIRO CUONO, P.E., LEED AP

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One common example is the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Brown Stoneâ&#x20AC;? row house found throughout NYC. Though most surviving examples today were built in the late 1800â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and early 1900â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s as single family homes, their design and construction can be traced back to English and Dutch settlers who brought over the techniques and styles from Europe. Brownstones are also found in denser older areas of the Hudson Valley, particularly Hudson River Towns. Today many streets in NYC have whole rows of houses which were built by the same builder or developer. A unique and distinguishing feature is the â&#x20AC;&#x153;partyâ&#x20AC;? or common wall between houses. Essentially this was a technique where one wall was shared between two adjacent neighbors or two parties. Often the front faĂ§ade was dressed in Brownstone, hence the name, or other natural stones according to the particular style of faĂ§ade. Underneath this front faĂ§ade, the basics of the construction were quite similar.

Essentially a â&#x20AC;&#x153;boxâ&#x20AC;? structure, a rowhouse was built on long narrow lots, typical of NYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s grid. The perimeter walls were built as unreinforced multi-wythe brick construction. The thickness of the walls was based on rules of thumb for various heights, later codified in early building codes. The typical row house in Manhattan today has 12â&#x20AC;? walls composed of 3 layers or â&#x20AC;&#x153;wythesâ&#x20AC;? of brick. Typically the bricks came from the Hudson Valley and the mortar was a lime based mortar, much softer than todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Portland cement based mortars. Below grade the brick walls transitioned to rubble stone walls, often 16â&#x20AC;? thick, which in turn were supported directly on the soil below or a crude bluestone foundation. The floor systems consisted of wood floor joists that spanned between and were by the brick party walls. In the typical plan layout there was a stair well adjacent to one of the party walls, serving all floors, and a corridor wall running in the long direction of the building, adjacent to the stair well. Although the joists typically spanned continuously between the brick party walls, this corridor wall served as a de-facto bearing wall, often â&#x20AC;&#x153;taking the bounce out of the joistsâ&#x20AC;?. This corridor wall was framed with wood studs and lath and plaster from roof to basement and was then supported by a structural line of bearing in the cellar. This line of bearing consisted of a series of brick arches and piers or a line of wood girders supported by isolated brick piers. Architecturally the layout consisted of a floor a few steps below grade, basement level, and a Parlor level, above grade accessed via a brownstone stoop (a Dutch term!). Below the basement was typically a low head height cellar which usually had a 2â&#x20AC;? rat slab. Other distinguishing features included a cornice at the front faĂ§ade, (3) â&#x20AC;&#x153;punchedâ&#x20AC;? window openings per floor (front and rear) with brownstone lintels, (2) lines of fireplaces on one of the two party wall sides, a below grade coal chute vault, and sloping roof joists front to back for pitch. Renovating these structures reveals many interesting things about the original construction. For example, the side walls often have

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1. Iron bridal hangers, similar to todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s light metal connectors or wood joinery using tenon and mortice connections. Though done with great skill, Tenonmortice connections created an inherent weakness in the wood framing, allowing horizontal cracks to propagate and weaken the timber. This coupled with the creep effect of wood (natural long term sagging effect) has resulted in uneven and sagging floors. Walking up a stair case today, the stair will lean in, away from the party wall. This is a result of the weakened connections and long term creep effect. In our own practice, we have investigated, repaired, and renovated many row houses. We are often shocked to find the consistency of construction, particularly in Manhattan.

Opposite Page: View of the framing below a fire place hearth. The joists have tenon-mortice connections to the header. Above: View of typical row houses in Brooklyn, NY Left: View of temporary shoring at the rear faĂ§ade where a new steel beam and posts will be installed to from a new glass wall at the garden level (basement)

infilled wall openings. These were openings made during the construction to allow laborers to pass from unit to unit and then infilled at the end Often the front faĂ§ade is found to have a cold joint with the side party walls. This can be a source of cracking and leaning of the walls, particularly if the floor joists are not well tied in with the faĂ§ade. This cold joint was probably the result of construction sequencing where the front faĂ§ade was built last. Since these structures pre-dated modern mills and grading techniques the wood framing is typically full size and sometimes roughhewn at 16â&#x20AC;? to 18â&#x20AC;? on center. Long leaf yellow pine was a popular species of lumber used. Today joists of this size and span are simply not available. Older timbers

found in these homes were from old growth forests which are no longer harvested or available. Also, the age of these timbers has allowed them to fully season or dry out to the point that they are actually stronger then when first built as lower moisture content in wood allows for a higher capacity. Since heating was provided by fireplaces and later coal burning, there were fireboxes on every floor. The chimney breast forming the shaft around the clay flues buried in the party walls were framed out at each floor to avoid bearing on or too close to a flue. The framing technique around a chimney breast and stair opening or even dumbwaiter was with doubled up wood trimmers and headers. Two techniques were used to create the connections between the floor joists that spanned into the header and the connection for the header to the trimmer:

Over the years many row houses were converted to multifamily dwellings with one or two apartments per floor. Today, more than not, they are converted back to single family residences albeit with a few more comfort features. A typical renovation may include an elevator, a penthouse addition, a roof garden, double height floors, large openings of glass at the rear faĂ§ade or rear enlargements, as far as code will permit, and excavating the cellars for more headroom and usable space. Understanding the history and construction techniques of the times is a great advantage when tackling these projects, as it allows the design professionals to have a little â&#x20AC;&#x153;x-ray visionâ&#x20AC;? to know what is behind the plaster. Ciro Cuono, P.E., LEED AP, is a structural engineer and principal at Cuono Engineering PLLC, Port Chester, NY, and an assistant adjunct professor of structural engineering at the Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of architecture at the The City College of NY. He can be reached at ccuono@ cuonoengineering.com.

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AIA Updates

AIANYS STAFF

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Louise Bethuneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s historic career is inspirational to all architects.â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Kelly Hayes-Mcalonie, FAIA

In August, the New York State Legislature honored Louise Blanchard Bethune, recognized as the first woman architect. Assemblywoman Crystal D. Peoples-Stokes and Senator Timothy M. Kennedy introduced the resolution in honor of Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s History Month. Bethune, a lifelong resident of Buffalo, was born in 1856 in Waterloo, NY, and at the age of 20, was offered a draftsman position at the Buffalo architecture firm of Richard A. Waite. She spent five years learning about architecture at the firm before founding her own firm with her future husband, Robert Bethune. In 1885, Bethune was elected as a member of the Western Association of Architects (WAA), making her the first woman recognized as a professional architect in the United States and in 1888 the American Institute of Architects (AIA) enrolled her as its first female associate, elevating her to the first female Fellow the following year. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Louise Blanchard Bethune was the definition of a trailblazer. She was an architect who created some of the most iconic buildings in the Greater Buffalo area, including the iconic Lafayette Hotel in Downtown, but was also a pioneer and advocate for womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rights in an industry and a time where women were not accepted in the profession. Louise fundamentally changed the course for women in architecture.â&#x20AC;?- Assemblywoman PeoplesStokes â&#x20AC;&#x153;As we celebrate Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s History Month, I was thrilled to be able to honor the life of Louise Bethune â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the first American

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woman recognized as a professional architect. Louise grew up in Buffalo, and upon completion of her schooling, founded an independent architecture firm, taking a monumental step that was far ahead of her time. She would go on in life to carry that same independent spirit, with the perseverance of a trailblazer and the tenacity of an advocate. As we reflect on the 100th anniversary of her death, one thing is clear: we need more people to follow her path â&#x20AC;&#x201C; both women and men who set the bar high, and are committed to fostering the advancement of equal rights. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m in awe of her bravery and her passion, and couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be more proud to honor her legacy with a resolution on the Senate floor.â&#x20AC;? - Senator Tim Kennedy. â&#x20AC;&#x153; â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bethuneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s contributions to the to the profession go beyond her designs in the built environment. She laid the groundwork for women to be successful in the architectural profession. I am honored and proud to be in the linage of New Yorkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s female architectural professionals.â&#x20AC;? - Margaret Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Donoghue Castillo, FAIA, AIANYS President â&#x20AC;&#x153;Louise Bethuneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s historic career is inspirational to all architects. Being a female architect from Buffalo, I feel her influences every day and draw from her example. This recognition from the New York State Legislature is both justified and timely, given our current conversations on equal pay in the profession. Bethune was ahead of her time.â&#x20AC;? - Kelly Hayes-Mcalonie, FAIA, Director of the Capital Planning Group at the University at Buffalo and member of the AIA Nationalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Equity by Design workgroup. Bethune was a pioneer and steadfast advocate for womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic equality, refusing to participate in the design competition for the Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Building for the Chicagoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s World Columbian Exposition, when she discovered women were being paid 1/10 of what men were being paid for their designs. Bethune was well-known for designing schools and other public buildings in the Greater Buffalo area, where her best known design and cornerstone to her legacy was for the neoclassical Hotel Lafayette in Downtown Buffalo, completed in 1904. For any historical context or further information, please contact Nick Isaacs, AIANYS Director of Communications at nisaacs@aianyus.org or at 518449-3334. Image:

An illustrated rendering of Bethuneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hotel Lafayette in Buffalo, N.Y. Image courtesy of Kelly Hayes McAlonie.

Chapter Events

(above) Roberty Ivy, AIA, Russell A. Davidson, FAIA (Current National AIA President); Manual Andrade, AIA LEEDP AP (Current AIAWHV President) 9bottom left) Chapter members on Capitol Hill in Albany for the annual Lobby Day. From front left to right: Peter Gaito Jr., AIA; Jaclyn Tyler, AIA LEED AP bd+c; John Fry, AIA LEED AP bd+c; Mike Berta, AIA; Rick Torres, AIA; Manual Andrade, AIA LEED AP

(below) John P. Sullivan, FAIA on the green at the Chapterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Annual golf outing for the chapterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s scholarship fundraiser

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(below) Attendees at the dinner reception to celebrate the scholarship recipient. From left to right: Michael Tyler; Jaclyn Tyler, AIA LEED AP bd+c, Rick Torres, AIA, Mike Berta, AIA, Joe Rizzo; Megan Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Grady, Associate AIA.

(above) Seunghee Parks, AIA and Marsha Leed, AIA assist chapter members with check in at one of the weekly sessions offered this summer in the Chapterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Annual Summer School Seriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. (below) One of the many informative presentations from this summer

(above) Thank you to Costntino for opening their showrom to our chapter again this summer. From left to right: Representative from Cosentino; Michael Schmeider from Cosentino; Libby Parks, AIA; Steve Ihlenburg from Super Enterprise.

(below) The scholarshop committee with this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s scholarship recipient. From left to right: Stu Markowitz, AIA; Manual Andrade, AIA LEED AP (current Chapter President); Cody Seipp (scholarship recipient) and his parents; Gregg DeAngelis, AIA

(below) One of many foursomes at the Chapterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Annual golf outing From left to right: Chris Strebel; Bill Haakell; Erika Conradt, Associate AIA; and Marty Flynn

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Feature

Water Conservation: They Ainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t Makinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Any More of It! BY JAN DEGENSHEIN, AIA

Sea water evaporates, forming clouds, which move by prevailing air currents over land. Cloud condense, water - in one form or another reaches the ground; finds its way over land or to tributaries, then to larger bodies of water; or filtrates to a balanced water table. The water that a T-Rex drank and excreted once recycled and filtered tens of thousands of times - is the same water we are drinking today. (

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Rockland County is the smallest county in New York State outside of the five boroughs of New York City. It is also unique in New York State insofar as it is the only county that depends entirely on water sources internal to its borders rather than from more distant waterways and reservoirs. Local reservoirs in the county, which have limited capacity to begin with, are mandated by interstate agreement to first serve New Jersey communities. Rockland can draw water from the surplus (if any); but reservoirsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; capacity is limited and fears of overflowing their banks in times of unexpectedly severe storms requires much water to be released in a controlled many over their spillways. This leaves Rockland consumers primarily dependent upon wells, which draw water from the aquifer. The aquifer is unreliable insofar as water follows fractures in the sub-surface rock formations. Thus the water drawn from a well directly under a property may derive from a source miles away. A new well may negatively affect the supply historically

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provided by a previously established well miles away. But Rockland rainfall measures the fifth highest of all counties in New York State. Besides the large production wells, owned and operated by Suez Water New York (the local utility company), many private wells are still in operation. All wells are vulnerable to lack of rainfall. Therefore, even though Rockland has a relatively high rainfall yield, it remains water deficient in times of drought. During periods of drought, it is visibly apparent that surface water recedes. This can be observed in the shores of reservoirs and the reduction in flow of rivers and streams. At the termination of a drought, rainfall replenishes surface water, which is quickly re-captured in waterways and reservoirs. Not so for the sub-surface aquifers. Therein, water must filter through layers of soil and rock before it can replenish the aquifer. With continuous water usage over the years of normal rainfall following a drought, it may take another three years to replenish the aquifer to a condition where water is plentiful enough for conventional residential and commercial use - and for fire protection. Late in the twentieth century, drought events forced the County of Rockland Department of Health to impose restrictions on water use by its residents and commercial constituents. Even temporary restrictions on lawn irrigation and car washing - among other impositions - were intolerable to the end-users. A growing population with which to share a limited water source caused further concern. Residents were displeased and turned

to their elected officials for a solution. Elected officials, in response, requested intervention by the New York State Public Service Commission (PSC). In 2006, the PSC, in response, remanded United Water New York (UWNY), now Suez Water New York (SWNY) to establish the most effective means to deliver uninterrupted water service to its consumers - even in times of record drought, and to have a system in place and operational by 2015. The ensuing Environmental Impact statement (EIS), with the State of New York Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) as â&#x20AC;&#x153;lead agencyâ&#x20AC;?, was taking longer than anticipated; so in 2010 the County Legislature re-doubled its demand for an operating solution. 2

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UWNY (and later SWNY) completed a comprehensive Draft EIS, which underwent scrutiny by the DEC, the PSC and the public. It weighed multiple situations no-build (in which the county would run out of water in short order); the damming of Ambrey Pond (which carried environmental considerations and high costs for water distribution piping); treatment of sanitary sewer water (which also carried high water distribution costs, and - although technologically proven as a workable solution - was understandably unpalatable to the general public); additional wells (which would muster limited water production, even

Image Source: NY State Department of Environmental Conservation

the aquifer is in limited supply); and a desalination plant at the banks of the Hudson River in north Rockland. UWNY asserted that the desalination plant was the most reliable and cost effective means to provide additional water in quantities to satisfy projected population increases. The water source would be virtually limitless. A pilot plant was constructed near the proposal site, to test the effectiveness of the proposed system. From brackish Hudson River water, the pilot plant produced drinking water that was more pure than water consumers had been accustomed to drinking. The DEC accepted the FEIS, and start of construction of the desalination plant merely awaited public comment and a final nod from the PSC. But the PSC withheld approval, claiming that a new United States Geological Survey (USGS) indicated that water demand would be met locally until 2019; and that the â&#x20AC;&#x153;partiesâ&#x20AC;? (the Water Conservation County of Rockland) and SWNY should develop an alternative plan to meet water demand. What happened?

with built-in containment in anticipation of leaks, anti-Indian Point constituents spread rumors that there was a â&#x20AC;&#x153;land mineâ&#x20AC;? of tritium under Indian Point, and it could â&#x20AC;&#x153;blowâ&#x20AC;? at any time. Anti-growth constituents in Rockland County exploited this misinformation by spreading fear that - with Hudson River water - residents could be drinking tritium-laced water. Although the desalination process cannot treat water to remove tritium, it included built-in fail safes to shut down the facility in the event a radioactive isotope had been detected.

A series of events occurred which caused anti-desalination plant political pressure to mount: â&#x20AC;˘

The PSC conducted public hearings so that affected constituents could voice their opinions on the proposed desalination plant. Opponents of the project mobilized, and either spoke or wrote against the plant; whereas proponent support was negligible. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Expertsâ&#x20AC;? testified about alternative methods of producing water - or in reducing water usage.

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It became evident that the fastest growing population cohorts in Rockland County had been the ultra-orthodox and Hasidic Jewish, and the undocumented poor Latino communities. Both populations were perceived as financial burdens to the community and a threat to the lifestyles of â&#x20AC;&#x153;establishedâ&#x20AC;? constituents. With an â&#x20AC;&#x153;unlimited supplyâ&#x20AC;? of water, continued immigration would be more difficult to thwart.

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It had been hoped that upzoning environmentally sensitive areas would have reduced the impact of population increase. Opponents of mass growth became painfully aware that zoning is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;home ruleâ&#x20AC;? issue, not in the control of the State or the County, but rather in the hands of the Towns and Villages. A large land development proposal in the Town of Ramapo was threatening a significant aquifer. In the face of empirical evidence of the reality of this environmental threat, the Town Council nonetheless voted to downzone the property, worsening a threat of catastrophic environmental consequence; and the town planning board granted preliminary approval for the site development. Only stay of implementation - by virtue of opposition lawsuit - held back the bulldozers. One of the few remaining aquifers, whose water is necessary for future development, may be compromised, thus placing the community at large at greater health and safety risk. Reports of tritium leaks at the Indian Point Power Plant in Buchanan, NY began to arise in local media. Tritium is a natural radioactive element in the environment. In fact, the amount of tritium in the Power Plantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s containment basin was approximately one trillionth of a liter, well below allowable limits of human exposure. Although the quantities of the radioactive isotope were barely detectable, and the power plant was designed

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Riverkeeper and the fishermenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s association expressed concerns that Hudson River water intake would entrap fish; and that the water treatment waste content returned to the river would be detrimental to aquatic life.

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Other environmentalists rightfully noted that the desalination process is power intense, the costs of electric utilization would be passed on to the consumer, and our carbon footprint would be enlarged. What wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t shared was that current photovoltaic technology could mitigate electric consumption from the grid.

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Environmentalists thumped their chests that they had beaten back the multinational corporate giant, Suez. And this group is currently embarking on a campaign to prevent SWNY from recovering its costs accrued in following the PSCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s original mandates.

The population of Rockland County is approximately 330,000 people (and growing), but this very vocal and articulate opposition, along with a cohort of those whose arisen fears compelled them to sign a petition to stop the plant, grew to about 2,000. Through political manipulation from grass roots to Rockland County government to Albany, the PSC was compelled to suspend pursuit of desalination as a solution. It has not ruled out a desal plant; instead, it has directed the County and SWNY to determine if conservation measures alone can safely satisfy county water consumption without the anticipated first cost and long term expenditures associated with a desalination facility. SWNY was directed by the PSC to establish an aggressive, accomplishable and affordable water conservation plan. SWNY then engaged Black and Veatch, an international engineering firm, to create a conservation plan.

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Even as an alternative watershed study continues in an effort to identify an additional water source in the western reaches of Rockland County, it is the stated goal of local environmentalists, County lawmakers and the PSC to hold Rockland as the national paradigm of water conservation. Here are some of the proposed measures recommended by Black and Veatch to minimize the need to draw upon additional water. The thrust of water conservation is five-fold: 1. A rebate program 2. Education and outreach 3. An â&#x20AC;&#x153;elasticâ&#x20AC;? rate structure 4. Municipal ordinance restrictions 5. Monitoring and adjusting conservation program results would stipulate financial incentives for residents, commercial enterprises and institutions to replace certain existing fixtures and fittings [shower heads, toilets, clothes washers, pre-rinse spray heads (for restaurants and institutional kitchens), urinals (for commercial and institutional users)] with new fittings and fixtures that meet the United States Environmental Protection Agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (EPA) WaterSense standards. The EPA has tested numerous devices, and those which save 20% of water without negatively impacting function are listed. The list is updated periodically. Certain fixtures and fittings have been selected from a universe of plumbing devices, because it has been determined that those identified generate the highest water usage in residential, commercial and institutional settings. EDUCATION AND OUTREACH would encourage landscape programs (such as BOCESâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; WaterWise class), which describe many landscaping initiatives including: drip irrigation (rather than spray); native landscaping; conservation gardens; rain and moisture sensors for irrigation systems; time of day watering to avoid evaporation; drought resilient plantings and ground covers; rain gardens; and rain barrels. Furthermore, public school science lesson plans at all grade levels can incorporate the need to respect and conserve our water supply. Other informative means of education and outreach include: social media; SWNY website presence; bill mailing inserts; emails and tabletops at expos. Black and Veatch also recommended working in conjunction with Orange and Rockland Utilities (the I

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gas and electrical utility company) to further create a conservation mindset in the general population (in this case, energy and water combined). Perhaps LED lamps and WaterSense showerheads can be packaged together and distributed to rate paying consumers as a marketing feature. AN â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ELASTICâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; RATE STRUCTURE opines that as the cost for water consumption climbs, usage declines. Some will argue that water is a necessity; and that consumers will continue to use the same quantities of water regardless of rates. Nonetheless, SWNY is proposing a three-tiered rate structure. For residential properties, the lowest rate would apply to the first five ccf of use; a higher rate would apply to the next seven ccf of use; and the highest rate would apply to all of the water used beyond the first twelve ccf. It is hoped that this â&#x20AC;&#x153;carrot stickâ&#x20AC;? approach will encourage water conservation; and that the highest tier apply as a premium only to those who irrigate large tracts of land, or who fill swimming pools. Similar rate structures will be put in place for multi-family residential, commercial, institutional and industrial water consumption. R

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require the active cooperation of government bodies. Some initiatives are beyond the reach of a public utility such as SWNY; but local governments can establish laws that will reinforce water conservation. It has been proposed that the New York State Plumbing Code adopt WaterSense performance features for fixtures and fittings. To date, the state code conforms to a lower standard. Still, local municipalities may appeal to the NYS Department of State to permit higher standards locally. Since WaterSense fixture costs are comparable to more conventional fixtures, the only additional charge would be municipal enforcement. Municipalities can also require: licensing of irrigation installers; drip as opposed to spray irrigation methods (much of spray irrigation ends up on impervious surfaces, or evaporates before it reaches the soil); rain and soil moisture meters to regulate flow; limiting allowable days for irrigation and quantities of irrigation water. All these initiatives necessitate greater local enforcement. And taxpayers will have to foot the bill. Frequently, title companies request building department inspections of residences prior to guarantee of title prior to transfer of ownership. By statute (if initiated locally), the property seller may be required to retrofit WaterSense fixtures at the time of sale prior [

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to building department approval of property condition. Land Planning Boards can require civil construction that captures or retards flow of storm water before it enters streams and waterways. The captured water may be directed to landscaped drainage basins designed to filtrate water back to the aquifer, rather than have it escape to rivers. Similarly, existing road systems can direct storm water to such landscaped filtration basins. Each has the added bonus of contributing to a green landscape. MONITORING AND ADJUSTING CONSERVATION PROGRAM can be accomplished by comparing base statistics of water consumption with statistics after conservation measures have been undertaken. Those measures that work successfully may continue (or be enhanced); and those measures that havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t produced positive results can either be adjusted or dropped from the conservation program. ?

Additional water may be saved by accelerating leak repairs in the water mains and enforcing the unauthorized use of water from hydrants and meter by-passing. There is, of course, a labor and material cost increase associated with the programs - which would be passed on to the consumer. A simple cost/benefit analysis would indicate the relative benefit of such programs. B

Over the past two decades, through public awareness and improved product offerings, consumer water usage has slowly begun to drop. Methodologies described above will surely contribute to further conservation. This, coupled with potential (if smaller) new water supply sources, may off-set some of the water demand imposed by anticipated population growth. But unless Rockland County â&#x20AC;&#x153;builds a wallâ&#x20AC;? to discourage development, it is this writerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s opinion that an additional reliable water source will be required to serve the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs - at the very least, in times of drought, but likely during the normal periods of rainfall. Jan Degenshein is an architect and planner who has been principal in his own practice in Rockland County for the past 41 years; also devoting manifold hours in leadership roles to community based organizations, such as the Rockland County Task Force on Water Resources Management. Over that period, several of his works have been recognized by the AIAWHV. To get involved or help out, please contact Jan at jan@ degenshein.com

Feature

Using Spray Foam Insulation to Boost Durability and Efficiency of Mass Walls BY MISSY WHITE AND THE SPRAY FOAM COALITION

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And for structures with block or concrete mass walls â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a popular choice for schools, hospitals and many office buildings â&#x20AC;&#x201D; creating an energy efficient and tight building envelop can be a challenge. While mass walls are known for their sturdiness and durability, they can be prone to moisture intrusion and air infiltration that may reduce their effectiveness and compromise durability. But the use of closed-cell spray polyurethane foam (ccSPF) on the exterior of these walls can help meet client expectations for energy efficiency while helping to maintain durability. This is because in addition to providing a high R-Value1 (approximated at 6.5 at one inch thickness) insulation, ccSPF also provides moisture protection, vapor control and air barrier protection. It can be continuously applied to the structural concrete or masonry block wall, ensuring there are no gaps for air and moisture to enter, and it can then be covered by an exterior finish, such as a brick veneer. When finished, a ccSPF exterior creates a wall appropriate for just about any climate zone, improving efficiency, facilitating flexibility in design, addressing thermal bridges and shifting the dew point in a wall to help avoid condensation and other associated moisture issues. This insulation can also provide an important cost benefit2, and not only from lower energy bills down the road. This is because of ccSPFâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ability to serve as a water and air barrier, which most other insulation systems require installing separately. So with its great versatility, ccSPF is a great pairing for mass wells: boosting energy efficiency, creating better heating and cooling in buildings, reducing building costs and simplifying design.

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CMU wall with continuous SPF insulation

The article comes from The Spray Foam Coalition. The SFC is an organization of 27 companies that produce and sell polyurethane spray foam insulation systems and the chemicals and equipment necessary for their use. It champions the use of spray polyurethane foam in U.S. building and construction applications by promoting its benefits, providing a forum to help shape public policy on issues critical to the industry, and supporting the safe manufacture, transport, and application of spray polyurethane foam. www.whysprayfoam.org

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Feature

An Architectural Time Warp A visit to my former homeland BY HECTOR MUĂ&#x2018;OZ-BARAS, AIA

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Havana was a major harbor for Spainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lucrative central and South American trade. Plunder some would now call it, when ships laden Below, NEED CAPTION

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with silver and gold would stop in La Habana before their return to the mother country. Havanaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s place as an important port grew with that trade, and eventually became the seat of colonial government. With the slave trade, Cuba became a rich source of sugar, fruit and tobacco, and it was this economy that fueled its rise, both financially and culturally. That economy was to provide the money for the current architectural heritage frozen in 1959. Havana has five original â&#x20AC;&#x153;squaresâ&#x20AC;?, or Plazas: San Francisco, Armas, Vieja, (Old), Cathedral, and the Castillo de La Real Fuerza, (Castle of the Royal Force). The most famous is Cathedral Square, which is fronted, as the name implies, by the undulating faĂ§ade of the baroque cathedral â&#x20AC;&#x153;La Catedral de la Virgen MarĂa de la ConcepciĂłn Inmaculada de La Habanaâ&#x20AC;?. (Also known as the Catedral de San Cristobal de La Habana) The plastic exuberance typical of the baroque, while present in the local coral limestone exterior, takes on a much more subtle

tone on the interior, which is quite sedate. Perhaps this is due to the lack of enough skilled craftsman in this new world outpost during its construction between 1748 and 1777. The rest of the square is surrounded by grand mansions of the colonyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s founding aristocracy dating back to the 1700â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Most of these mansions have been turned into government offices of one sort or another during the intervening years. As part of our trip we were able to go inside some these grand homes. Many of the oldest are organized around a central open courtyard, with an arcade all around. This arrangement was typical of most of the houses enclosing the old squares. Some of these squares were â&#x20AC;&#x153;plazasâ&#x20AC;? proper with paving throughout, (Cathedral, San Francisco, Vieja), while Armas is a green space. The scale of each of these plazas are as wonderful as you can find in any ancient Italian hill towns.

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Move a few centuries forward, â&#x20AC;&#x153;DespuĂŠs del triunfo de la revoluciĂłnâ&#x20AC;?, (After the Triumph of the Revolution), and we are proudly brought to the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Plaza of the Revolucionâ&#x20AC;?. I am sure most of you have seen photos of this square, it is the one with Che Guevaraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s face outlined in a metal frame on a blank wall of a 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Corbu inspired office block. Another similar building with a similar sculpture of another hero of the revolution Camilo Cienfuegos flanks Che about 150 yards away. On the other side of the plaza is a monument to the father of Cuban independence Jose Marti. (If you are in New York City, at the terminal point of 6th Ave. (Avenue of the Americas) in Grand Central Park, there is a bronze equestrian statue of him as he is being fatally shot and killed at the 1895 Battle of Dos Rios, Santiago Provence, Cuba. But I digress, the kindest comment I can make about theâ&#x20AC;? Plaza de la Revolucionâ&#x20AC;? is that it would make and excellent architectural and planning case study on how not to make a plaza! Despite the trade winds which blow mercifully throughout the year, keeping out of the sun is an ever present activity. Many of the older building, (pre 20th century), fronting the grander boulevards in the most establish areas have an architecture dominated by arch construction. Given the initial predominance of stone construction of the island, this makes sense, but it also provides the opportunity for many streets to have covered sidewalks under arcades which connect one building with another. Off in the old part of town, the meandering streets, no wider than 20â&#x20AC;&#x2122; from building to building is crowded with the locals queuing up at the government store to receive their rations of foodstuffs, while entrepreneurial men and women hawk their goods, garlic, onions, and peppers off their push carts. 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chevys Buicks and Pontiacs, some in excellent condition, taxi the tourist trade to and fro. From â&#x20AC;&#x153;La Floriditaâ&#x20AC;? Bar, â&#x20AC;&#x153;La cuna del daiquiriâ&#x20AC;? (The cradle of the daiquiri) to â&#x20AC;&#x153;La Bodeguita del la Medioâ&#x20AC;? the birthplace of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;mojitoâ&#x20AC;?, both Ernest

Garden at Lisburne Grange in Garrison, NY, designed by landscape architect Fletcher Steele.

Floriditaâ&#x20AC;? Bar, â&#x20AC;&#x153;La cuna del daiquiriâ&#x20AC;? (The cradle of the daiquiri) to â&#x20AC;&#x153;La Bodeguita del la Medioâ&#x20AC;? the birthplace of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;mojitoâ&#x20AC;?, both Ernest Hemingway hangoutsâ&#x20AC;Ś(La Floridita more than the Bodeguita!) As we find out most of these drivers are not just ordinary hacks, but college educated lawyers, teachers or chemists. These old cars are in constant demand and their drivers can make their â&#x20AC;&#x153;stateâ&#x20AC;? salary, (24 US dollars a month), in just a few fares. This was very typical of many our service personnel, waiters, and the like, can make considerable more money as a waiter than an architect! Speaking of architects there is no recognized profession of architecture. Architects were seen as puppets of the elite classes and their services are technically not allowed to be hired privately. Architects work for the state. Of course there are ways of making some money on the side. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Triunfo de la revoluciĂłnâ&#x20AC;?, while on the one hand saved the central and old parts of Havana from the wholesale â&#x20AC;&#x153;renewalâ&#x20AC;? of so many other cities in the world, out of neglect if nothing else, has produced very little in the way of quality architecture. The neglect of the old town, due to NO money, is best exemplified by the fact that on average three buildings collapse per day in Havana. You will come across some building which have been wonderfully restored, and usually these are the results of family members from the US sending money, by whatever black means possible, but that is by far not the norm. Other buildings after the revolution, which are truly part of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;patrimonyâ&#x20AC;? such as the capital building from 1926, had been turned in the offices of the science and technology ministry. The building had fallen into great disrepair. Fortunately efforts are underway to totally restore the building. An advantage of being part of the AIA â&#x20AC;&#x153;conferenceâ&#x20AC;?, is that it afforded opportunities not available to regular tourists. The capitol building visit is a case in point since we were given the chance to enter the building. A privilege not afforded

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given the chance to enter the building. A privilege not afforded to anyone except the restoration workers for years. The restoration work in these public buildings seems to be of the highest order as witnessed in the gran Teatro de La Habana, Alicia Alonso. Image Vienna 1885â&#x20AC;Ś! These restorations initiated and funded by the government are few and far between. Other restorations are joint ventures based on private and government funding. Such is the case with one of the hotels in which the AIA attendees stayed, The Saratoga. The Saratoga is a boutique hotel near the capitol which had been recently renovated by a British architect Stephan Purvis. Purvis was subsequently jailed for sixteen months accused of espionage and other crimes. Ultimately the charges were dropped and he was released. You can never forget you are in a totalitarian country. Dissention is NOT allowed. A HINT of dissention is not allowed. A case in point, one day I was speaking with a new found friend on our trip who owns a bed & breakfast. I made a reference â&#x20AC;&#x153;when they both dieâ&#x20AC;?, referring to Fidel and Raul, she raised her eyebrows and subtly motioned for me to stop talking in those terms. Her helper for the bed & breakfast was passing by. This is very typical. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Committee for Defenseâ&#x20AC;?, (the neighborhood watch for counter revolutionary activity) is still very much active. My traveling companion on this trip was my niece Sarah Cuellar, an interior designer with the Firm P3 in the Washington DC area. We stayed at the Hotel Nacional, a McKim Meade and White building of 1929. The hotel sits atop a small hill which was once an artillery battery overlooking the entrance of the harbor and the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Maleconâ&#x20AC;? the five mile long sea wall and boulevard ringing that part of Havana. The Malecon is one of the most popular places for the locals in Havana, and according to our wonderful Jose Luis, the official first date for lovers of all kinds. Â´

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Down the Malecon a bit is the 1957 Hotel Riviera. And while the Hotel Nacional was a US mob hangout and pieces of it were eventually â&#x20AC;&#x153;acquiredâ&#x20AC;? by Meyer Lansky among others, the Hotel Riviera was financed and built by Meyer Lansky from the beginning. This hotel is state run like the Hotel National but is slated for a major renovation. Part of the AIA conference included a speaker who is beginning to restore the cast concrete sculptures of the hotel by his namesake father Florencio Gelabert. Florencio (Jr.) is a sculptor in his own right and we have continued our friendship here in the US. Florencio is now a US citizen and is traveling back and forth between the US and Cuba for the renovation work of his fatherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sculpture, but he was educated at the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Instituto Superior de Arteâ&#x20AC;? in Havana. I had mentioned earlier the scant number of quality architecture after the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Triunfo de la revoluciĂłnâ&#x20AC;?, well here we have the best piece of architecture, (by far) since 1959.

All photos provided by Hector MuĂąoz-Baras, AIA.

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Of these five schools only the School of Modern Dance and Plastic arts were substantially completed, the rest are in various stages of completion. The organic expression of this tropical design, mimicking an African village, with curving asymmetrical open air Catalan vaults is a powerful piece of architecture. Our initial visit was a bit short and by popular demand we were able to go back again. We were not able to visit the three other abandoned complexes but we caught a glimpse from the back road as we traveled to a reception at the Swiss ambassadorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s house. Oh yes, that was a Richard Neutra house. Did I mention our AIA group of about 160 were treated like visiting dignitaries? (Including mentions on Cuban TV news practically every night) Back to the School of arts, for me an unabashed admirer of Alvar Aalto, this work was truly inspiring. Its spatial complexities and the use of circulation as a design generator touched my architectural soul. The scale of the overall composition places human kind at it center. Even something as mundane as the rainwater collection is an opportunity for a kinetic sculpture interpreting the â&#x20AC;&#x153;fountainâ&#x20AC;? in a new way. One the greatest pieces of modern architecture I have ever visited. Bold statement I know. Our final night in Havana was a sendoff of epic proportionsâ&#x20AC;Ś We had an open air dinner at the Plaza San Francisco! The air was balmy, and the warmth of our hosts was equally palpable. A dance troupe preformed, a live band played, as well as a harpist. Not that this was unique to our final dinner, we had music and dancing every night. One night it was a Flamenco group, another was the remaining members of the Buena Vista Social Club. This brief article is missing so many things, sights, sounds of all things Cuban, but as an architect you will find Cuba is an undiscovered architectural time warp. Examples abound of the so many styles, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Moderne, thin shell structures like the Tropicana by architect Max Borges Jr. even Eastern Block BLOCKS, if anyone considers that architectureâ&#x20AC;Ś! As the opening of Cuba hurtles forward, catching up in a time warp to make up for nearly 55 years, Cuba needs careful, thoughtful stewardship to have its architectural â&#x20AC;&#x153;patrimonyâ&#x20AC;? emerge from it shadows and revel in its tropical magnificence. Get to Cuba, you will have a great time. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t miss it before it looks like Miami. The whole conference was orchestrated by the Copperbridge Foundation, and many thanks to Gio and Meme, and Renee, for an unqualified success. Hector Munoz-Baras, AIA, is the owner of a generalist firm: v.baras ARCHITECTS of Port Jervis, NY. Hector is also the host of a weekly radio show called â&#x20AC;&#x153;A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Building Departmentâ&#x20AC;?, which airs on the Neversink Media Groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s radio network. The primary focus of the show is to provide a greater understanding to the general public of what architects do and why itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s importantâ&#x20AC;Ś ! Contact Hector at hector@vbaras.com

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October 20

September 20 Join us for a night of recognizing local architects who have made a positive aesthetic and social contribution to the built environment.

Annual Meeting & A Look Into Historic Restoration in the Hudson Valley

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640 E Boston Post Rd Mamaroneck, NY 5:30 pm

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Westchester Community College 75 Grasslands Road Valhalla, NY 6:00-10:00 pm

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Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 777 Old Saw Mill River Road Tarrytown, NY 5:30 pm Building Tour 6:30 pm Cocktails 7:30 Awards Ceremony

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Garciaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s at the Capitol Theatre 149 Westchester Avenue Port Chester, NY 6:30 - 10:30 pm

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Join us for a night full of food â&#x20AC;˘ beverages â&#x20AC;˘ music â&#x20AC;˘ tours â&#x20AC;˘ recognition

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t miss out on a chance to win ARE Study Material at each monthly Happy Hour. Great way to network with other chapter members.

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Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t miss your opportunity to apply for the ARE Scholarship to be awarded in December

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Interested in serving on the Events Committee? Contact Valerie Brown at 914.232.7240 or aiawhv@gmail.com

Deadline - October 27, 2016

For more information on our events, please visit our website at www.aiawhv.org

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The Imagining Architecture: From Concept to Creation exhibition has been extended until October 15! View the work of chapter architects at the Hastings-on-Hudson Village Hall Gallery and select storefronts

Exhibition Credits: Curators: Bruce J. Levy & Daniel Markham Poster Design: Suzanne Levine Poster Image: Stephen Tilly Mounting & Hanging: Daniel Markham, Michael Lewis ,Bruce J. Levy, Matthew Levy Reception Wine Contribution: George Klasik/Hastings Wine & Liquor

Participating Architects/Artists and Locations: Bill Logan (Hastings Velo Bicycle Shop), Stephen Tilly (Bauer Optical), Earl Ferguson (Clockwork Records), Mike Jacobs (Galapagos Books), Edward Weinstein (Suburban Renewal), Christina Griffin (Rockwood & Perry Fine Wine), Michael Lewis (McGreen Dry Cleaners), Bruce J. Levy (Sakura Garden Restaurant), Gallin Beeler Design Studio (Visual Difference), Jim Metzger (Hastings Stationary), Mitchell Koch (Hastings Prime Meats), Alison Bert (Hastings Hardware), and Eva Bouhassira (Hastings Nails & Foot Spa)

Curatorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Statement: Architecture as Art What makes art, art? It is the interaction of perceiving and processing oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s emotional response to an image or form. And while architecture is the art and science of building, it also attempts to evoke similar responses; it is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;fashion showâ&#x20AC;? of the built environment. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Imagining Architectureâ&#x20AC;? is about the development of those first images that scan an architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s creative mindset when he first understands the functional requirements for a new building. Those images, recorded in the depth of imagination, and jotted down on napkins and notepads, evolve with skill into more sophisticated sketches and drawings that create order out of chaos, and are reflective of the artistic process of architecture. The exhibition, in this gallery, and in select storefronts of the Hastings Village, presents the work of twelve architects and an architectural photographer that reflect their creative and artistic process. By virtue of their diverse styles, the architects exhibit the early development of images, intriguing patterns and perspectives, and with skillful execution, we are invited into the evolution of a building, and the intersection of art and architecture.

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All Custom Woodwork Cabinetry | Kitchens | Baths | Closets | Doors | Wall Units Wood Designe is an annual sponsor for AIA Westchester + Hudson Valleyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s January Codes Meeting and one of our largest regional custom wood fabrication shops. AIA WHV recognizes Wood Designe as regional sustainable resource for large and small scale custom wood millwork projects Photo Credit Peter Krupenye Photography

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Print issues are available for order through the Chapter office. Single copy price $10. Visit our website to place your order.

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