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DEC.
12tr#
2008
AMNESTY INTERNATIfINAT H01tÊ KflilÊ
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Ëñ^tËÈËÈ+ÌE+ UDHR 60th Anniversary
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DEC.
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WE WELCOME YOUR COMMENTS!
Share with us your views on our works or actions you've taken for human rights. Please include your name, phone number, address and email address.
ËæAEËËñ+E+ UDHR 60th Anniversary
H€Hfl+T|liËFËEEË Share this newsletter with vour friends
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Local Campaigns 16 Days Of Activism Against Gender Violence
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Amnesty lnternational is in the process of making plans for the movement for the next six years. This long-term lntegrated Strategic Plan (lSP) will stretch from 2010 Io 2026. This is an imoortant orocess as it involves engaging in dialogue with Al members, supporters and partners worldwide. lt is also an opportunity to review our past achievements, setbacks, strengths and weaknesses. We look into how various global issues such as climate change and economic globalisation give rise to both opportunities and threats for human rights, and how Al should respond to these c ha
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To implement the goals of the new lSP, Al needs to have governance and organisational and financral
competencies. Therefore, other work is underway that is closely linked to the lSP. This includes strengthening Al's democracy, developing a financial strategy to ensure that resources are used in the right way, and reviewi ng operational effectiveness.
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The consultation process will be completed early next year. The final version of the ISP will be considered at the 29th lnternational Council Meeting in August in 2009. You are invited to share your opinions and expectations of Al and to help shape our future. Please visit the AIHK website to fill in the questionnaire and express your 0prnrons:
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This survey provides very important referencing indicators for the organisation. Since the establishment in 1961, the organisation has been devoting its efforts in publishing research and investigations on human rights violations, and raising public awareness of human rights. 0ur work in these two areas has been widely recognised by our members. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in the areas of advocating naiional governments and United Nations take responsibility of human rights issues and in reaching the mass public through the use of mass media and new communication technology. The organisation will do its best to improve its competence on the two aforementioned areas, as we strongly believe that information is of great importance for promoting the development of human rights. ln addition, a large number of participants also agree that energy security, competition for naiural resources and poverty will be the biggest threats to human rights in the near f uture; yet social reform and new approach of social mobilisation may offer opportunities for promoting the development of human rights. Apart from the threats and opportunities, the survey also offers new information to the organisation.
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Eight Bahraini men were released without charge in Saudi Arabia on 12 July 2008, after over four months' detention. The men had travelled from Bahrain to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and were arrested by security forces when they arrived on 28 February. Their families had no contact with them and were not aware of their exact whereabouts for weeks. They are 7 teachers and 1 engineer. They were held
in solitary confinement throughout their detention, without charge or trial.
Amnesty lnternational welcomes their release and their return home. However, the Saudi Arabian authorities continue to hold detainees incommunicado, and torture and otherwise ill-treat them.
ln 2OO7, the Ministry of lnterior announced that there were at least 3,000 alleged political opponents then being held without charge or trial. The Ministry was reported to have disclosed that it detained 9,000 people between 2OO3 and 2OO7 as part of the "war on terror".
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lmorisoned Chinese activist Hu Jia has been awarded the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought by the European Parliament. Hu Jia is one of China's best-known environment and human rights activists. He was one of the founders of the Beijingbased HIV/AIDS organisation Loving Source, a grassroots organization dedicated to
helping children from AIDS families. Together with his wife, Zeng Jinyan, he regularly informed overseas journalists and human rights organisations of abuses taking olace in China. Hu Jia was sentenced to three-and-a-half years in prison on 3 April 2008 for "inciting
subversion". He is serving his sentence in Beijing City prison. His family is concerned that he is not receiving adequate treatment in prison for his liver disease but the authorities rejected an application for his release on medical parole.
Zeng Jinyan and the couple's 11-monthold daughter remain under tight police surveillance with officers stationed outside their home, limiting their visitors and following them when they go out. For the duration of the Olympic Games, they were moved outside Beijing. Amnesty lnternational considers Hu Jia a orisoner of conscience and has demandec his immediate and unconditional release and the end of harassment of his wife and their daughter. The organisation called the awarding of the prize a significant acknowledgement of the work of Hu Jia. The award highlights the work of all activists in China who stand up against human rights ADUSCS.
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On 10 December 1948, the member states of the United Nations came together in a remarkable demonstration of unity to sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Comprising 30 articles, the declaration proclaimed the universality and indivisibility of human rights, and recognised human rights as the basis for freedom, justice and peace in the world. ln the years that followed, the principles enshrined in the UDHR were expanded upon in a proliferation of international standards and treaties, legally binding states to the protection and promotion of human rights, However, the unity displayed at the adoption of the UDHR was short-lived and reality has often been at odds with the inspiring rhetoric proclaimed by world leaders, who have allowed political interests to take precedent. Violent conflicts in Sudan, lraq, Sri Lanka, lsrael and Palestine, Somalia, among others, are taking numerous civilian lives each day. The US-led 'war on terror' has led to a blurring of human rights standards in the name of security,
Despite much rhetoric on ending poverty, there are at least two billion for whom the struggle for clean water, food and housing are a daily struggle.
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ln May, young delegates from the Asia-Pacific region met for the first time to jump start the Asia-Paciflc Youth Network. Delegates from Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea and lndia, among others, gathered in Hong Kong to discuss ways of mobilising the youth in their respective countries to become young human rights activists. During their short stay, an action was organised in Tsim Sha Tsui just before the Olympics Games, calling on the Chinese government to honour its promises to improve human rights conditions in China. We asked some of the vouth activists about their experience with Al.
Kimberley Ho, 19, Malaysia
"Since joining Al two years ago, I've learnt that youth activism is so much more than just brandishing signposts and collecting petitions - it is about being actively concerned about the issues around you, and playing a role in the bigger scheme of things. My advice for any prospective newbies is to get immersed in Amnesty right away if you have a curiosity and passion for effecting positive change. No other way is more fun."
Rowza Dimaandal,
25, Philippines
"When I learnt about Al, I was impressed that it did not have any political leaning, and aims for one cause - all human rights for all, I joined Al and become an active member, I also got to know great people, who eventuallv became mv close friends,"
Suyoun Jang,25, South Korea
"Sometimes I get disappointed by people's indifference to Al's campaigns or human rights issues, so I wondered whether the world could be a better place only by my tiny effort, However I realised that the world changes and is changing slowly by small efforts from individuals all over the world."
Do you have what it takes
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This year marks the
l8th
anniversary of the 16
Days of Activism agaยกnst Gender Violence inter-
national campaign. Started in 1991 at the first Women's Global Leadership lnstitute, the campaign starts on November 25 (lnternational Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women) and ends on December 10 (lnternational Human
Rights Day).
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Simply for expressing their opinions and organising demonstrations in favour of access to "therapeutic abortions", charges of conspiracy to commit a crime, incitement to commit a crime, and public defence of a crime have been brought against the nine women. A final judgment on the case has not been announced yet, although it has been one year since the complaint was presented.
A recent inquiry shows the persistence of the unfair treatment of women. ln 2003, a nineyear-old girl, Rosita, was raped and subsequently fell pregnant. The Nicaraguan Women's Network arranged for Rosita to cross the border into Nicaragua where she would have safe and legal access to an abortion. At the time "therapeutic abortions" (abortions for women whose pregnancy puts their life or health in danger) were legal, and had been available in Nicaragua for over a century. The abortion had been authorised by a commission of doctors, convened by the Ministry of Health, and a subsequent investigation into the abortion had found the procedure to be legal and justified. ln October 2006, in an unexpected move, the Nicaraguan National Assembly voted to criminalise abortions under all circumstances.
ln October 2OO7 , a complaint was brought to the Public Prosecutor's Office against nine of the women human rights defenders involved in the abortion by a Church-backed non-governmental organisation, the Nicaraguan Association for Human Rights (ANPDH).
Al supports the right of women to safe and accessible abortion in situations where they are victims of sexual violence. Al also supports the work of women human rights defenders around the world who have suffered discrimination and punishment for their activism for gender equality. Al maintains that violence against women is a violation of the rights and freedoms of women. This year the 16 Days campaign will emphasise the intersectional quality of two of Amnesty lnternational's movements: the Stop Violence against Women Campaign and the Dignity Campaign (Al's global campaign on poverty). Women are often likely to be poorer and more affected by poverty than men, largely due to gender discrimination. Discrimination ano violence against women impedes their efforts to escape poverty by reducing their access to education, health care and labour rights, to name a few. As Thoraya Ahmed Obaid of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) so rightly noted: "We cannot make poverty history unless we make violence against women history."
10
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FflCUS HflNG KflNG Amnesty lnternational Hong Kong's views on the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region section of The Review on the People's Republic of China submitted by the Chinese government to The United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC), The UNHRC is the UN body responsible for strengtheningthe promotion and protection of human rights around the world, and it undertakes a universal periodic review of the fulfillment by each State of its human rights obligations and commitments to ensure universality of coverage and equal treatment, The Review on the People's Republic of China, which includes Hong Kong as a special administrative region, is scheduled to take place in February, 2009.
AIHK submitted its views on the topics and contents to be covered by the HK SAR report, focusing on the following issues and concerns:
13
l. lnterpretation
of the Basic Law
While AIHK recogniszes the right of the National People's Congress to interpret the Basic Law, it is concerned that such requests for interpretations may undermine judicial independence - - a fundamental safeguard for the protection of human rights - - particularly when requests for interpretations are made by executive rather than judicial bodies in Hong Kong.
ll.
Failure to establish a Human Rights Commission
Responsibility for human rights monitoring and protection in Hong Kong remains split between different bodies: the Equal Opportunities Commission, the Office of the Ombudsman, and the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data and the Security Bureau, and the Police Complaints Committee. There is no comprehensive mechanism for investigating human rights violations and providing remedies. AIHK sees that Hong Kong lacks an accessible, affordable and effective mechanism under through which individuals could can seek remedies for violations of their human rights. And although the UN Human Rights Committee has recommended that the HKSAR should consider the establishment of an independent human rights institution, the government has not taken any steps towards setting up a Human Rights Commission.
lll.
Freedom of Expression
During the Beijing Olympic Games in August, several people arrived in Hong Kong intending to take part in activities around the Olympic torch relay, but were denied entry. At that time, the decision to deny these activists entry to Hong Kong raised fears that the authorities might attempt to arbitrarily restrict peaceful protests more generally in Hong Kong during the torch relay. Al acknowledges that the authorities had a right and duty to maintain public order for the relay, but this should not be an excuse to clamp down on acts of peaceful protest or otherwise restrict the fundamental human rights to of freedom of expression, association and assembly. lV. Race Discrimination
The HKSAR Legislative Council passed a Race Discrimination Ordinance (RDO) last in July, 2008, but AIHK remains concerned that the Ordinance does not fully reflect nternational standards of protection against ncial discri minati on, and does not live up to its obligations as a signatory of the lnternational Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of i
Discrimination (ICERD). The Ordinance provides for broad exemptions for categories based on nationality, citizenship, immigration and residency status, and but does not also cover new arrivals from the Mainland China. The HKSAR government claims that the ICERD does not address discrimination of the same ethnicity, thus it does not cover Chinese coming to Hong Kong from the mainland as they are ethnically the same as the local Chinese. V. Discrimination on grounds of serual orientation
The government continues to drag its feet in proposing, or removing legislation, which discriminates against same-sex
couples: 1. A lawsuit was filed questioning a provision Ăn the statute books which maintains a different age of consent where two men can carry out intercourse, which is set at the age o12I, while the age for a man and a woman is 16. This provision of the Crimes Ordinance were was declared unconstitutional, but the government has yet to remove the offending provisions from the statute book.
2. The government has refused to include same-sex cohabitant relationships in the amendment to the Domestic Violence Ordinance in 2OO7 , so there is still a lack of
@
Amnestv lnternational
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legal recourse when one party is subjected to domestic violence.
3, The composition of the Sexual Minorities Forum (SMF)which should "provide a regular and formal channel for NG0s and the Government to exchange views...", makes it quite difficult to achieve its purpose; while the Gender ldentity and Sexual Orientation Unit (GlS0U), set up to "provide dedicated service for the promotion for equal opportunities for people of different sexual orientation and transgender persons..." lacks both legal and investigative power to provide real assistance, or counselling service to those who seek help and support. The government's lack of commitment to seriously address the issue becomes quite evident.
Vl. Domestic Violence An amendment to the Domestic Violence Ordinance (DVO) in 2OO7 was introduced to expand its coverage, but there are remaining concerns:
1, broadening the coverage of the DVO to cover same-sex partners to fulfill the principle of non-discrimination. 2, simplifying the application procedure for injunction orders and to broaden the scope to prohibit the perpetrators from causing damage to the applicants' property and from hiring third parties to harass the applicants and their children. Concerns arising out of Hong Kong's obligations under the IGESCR
The provision of the ICESCR has not been fully integrated into the domestic legislation due to the failure of government to propose the ordinance which will achieve this in the manner that the ICCPR provisions have been incorporated into domestic legislation. Human Rights Education
Human rights education (HRE) work has stalled since the reshuffling in government offices and the responsibility for HRE was shifted from Home Affairs Bureau to the Constitutional & and Mainland Affairs Bureau (CMAB) in July, 2OO7. While the Committee on the Promotion of Civic Education agreed that human rights education and promotion is one of its mandates, it will include human rights education into the "national education" curriculum, formulated as per "public consensus" received by the CMAB. This raises concerns, since conducting "human rights education" in accordance with public to the consensus from public will limit its effectiveness, as it should be formulated according to internationally recognised human rights standards, and not determined by any "public consensus".
AMNEST V INTEFtN ATtor.+¡¡.
15
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pride, as everyone here is working for an additional
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punishment; when I went to Nepal during high school as a UNICEF representative, I experienced
the fear brought by assassination and terrorist ÊEEIE attacks; and later when I became a journalist, I was totally swamped by eyesores of injustice and hypocrisy,
These and other experiences have brought me here
at AIHK, For the times ahead, I genuinely hope that I can learn from my colleagues and contribute to organizing more successful events, I also hope to change the common perception in Hong Kong that
human rights defenders are nobody more than troublemakers. We need to make people see the value in what we are doing in order to make this
a
more humane and just world. Yaki Wo
16
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Although pregnancy is not a disease, it kills one woman every minute, and many more suffer from infections and illnesses related to childbirth. Almost all of the deaths are preventable, and 95% of them occur in developing countries due to insufficient or inefficient healthcare services. Women's risk of death during childbirth is as low as 1 in 8,700 in some developed countries, but as high as 1 in 20 in some developing countries. Discrimination against women in excluded communities, pafticularly those of Afro-Brazilian descent. means that there is insufficient fundamental healthcare which can have serious life or death implications. An Al report (Picking up the Pieces-Women's Experience of Urban Violence in Brazil) provides evidence that for black and mixed-race women in Brazil, pregnancy and childbirth is the fourth-largest cause of death' A large number of pregnancy related deaths in Brazil are related to unsafe abortions. The criminalisation of abortion in Brazil (except for cases where the pregnancy is a result of rape, or the pregnancy puts the woman's life at serious risk), means that abortions often take place under risky circumstances and may endanger women. Doctors are also unwilling to treat women suffering from complications arising from abortion, fearing retribution from the law, and thus putting women's lives at greater risk, The right to health is enshrined in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with particular attention to motherhood, and is reiterated in other human rights treaties. Sexual and reproductive rights are necessary for the enjoyment of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being, as well as the realisation of other fundamental human rights, such as the right to education and employment. Al's recently adopted policy on sexual and reproductive rights supports the right of women to accessible maternal care, including safe and accessible abortion. Al believes that states have an obligation to protect women's reproductive rights from coercion, discrimination
@
Christ Robinson
and violence. 18
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Amnesty lnternational
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^ is an independent organization, we do not accept any donations from governments or Amnesty lnternational political parties, but depend largely on the generosity of the general public to fund our human.rights and lifesaving work. Therefore, your generous support is very important to our work.
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*+Ë'#ü+HHÊ!^Ër{F . You can support our work to protect human rights by making a donation to us, especially through monthly automatic payment as it can
definitely help save administrative costs, and your ongoing and continuous support can also enable us to plan our human rights programmes more effectively.
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(ÈÊr{Ë Ë +;¡ lr a donation by the following donation method (please y' tne appropriate box) I would like to make 'tâfHÈËH:AIHK Human Rights Education CT r r Donation by cheque i money Order, please make it payable to:AIHK Human Rights Education CT
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Your personal data will be kept confidentiall Donatlon over HK$100 is tax deductlbte.
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The above informatlon will be used for receipting and communicâtion purpos€s only. Please notify us in wrlting ¡f you do not wish to rec€ive future mailings from us.
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: ãË/uËÈlËffi 32-36rtÊñJ*ËlËi!3D Please post the entirê form to: D3, Best-O-Best Commerclal Centre, 32-36 Ferry Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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