5.3 Limitations of the research and future work One of the limitations in the research was that, data was not collected by a primary approach, whereby, survey questionnaires would be administered and interviews also undertaken with various related stakeholders involved in public spaces. The researcher acknowledged that the impossibility of using primary data arose from the restrictions of the Covid-19 pandemic which made it difficult to conduct interviews in-person. Furthermore, the researcher acknowledged that it would also be difficult finding adequate respondents from different cities. A second limitation also arose from the fact that there were few empirical studies that provided insight on the benefits and shortcomings of hostile architecture. As such, there is need for future scholars to ensure they use primary data collection processes such as interviews and surveys as well as undertaking more empirical studies to support the further research in the area.
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