B journal jiang aiyang (carol) by Aiyang Jiang

AIR AIYANG JIANG 877726 Semester 1,2018 Tutor Alessandro Liuti

CONTEXT B.1 RESEARCH FIELD B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0 B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0 B.4 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT B.5 TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES B.6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL B.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES B.8 APPENDIX - ALGORTITHMIC SKETCHES

PART B. CRITERIA DESIGN

B.1 RESEARCH FIELD

B.1 RESEARCH FIELD - TESSELLATION A tessellation is any repeating pattern of symmetrical and interlocking shapes. Hence, tessellations should have no gaps or overlapping spaces. Sometimes, tessellations are referred to as “tilings”. However,most of the time the word tilings refers to a pattern of polygons (shapes with straight sides) only. Being formed from regular and irregular polygons, tessellation can make the patterns more intereting. Tessellating other polygons except from triangles and hexagons , particularly irregular ones, is more difficult.Tilings and tessellations are an important part of mathematics, which are in fact complex. However they can be manipulated for use in art and architecture.Tessellations are widely used in architecture,both in twodimensional and three-dimensional area, because even the simplest repeating pattern can look astonishing when it covers a large area. However, extensive planning and the use of complex computation techniques are required.1

Base Surface (Variable)

Sphere Packing (Before Optimisation)

Inner Edges Projected At Random Intervals

Another considerated approach may be used in my Part B design is modular design method. Modular design approach is that to subdivide a system into smaller parts called modules, that can be independently made and then used in different systems. According to the research field of tessellation I chose, modular design method can provide an economical and efficient solution to better produce the pieces of prototype with the help of computation method. The Project Cellular Tessellation is an example of tessellating irregular polygons. This tessellation proje was made in a modular design method which can be learnt for my project. Each individual cells were infilled with acrylic sheets and cladded with a weather-resistant HDPE plastic to house a 200 m of LED diodes.2

Sphere Packing (After Optimisation)

Voronoi Cell Generation From Sphere Centres

3D Cell Forms Lofted From Edges

Cells Trimmed On Outer Edges To Match Base Curvature

Cell Borders Offset And Projected To Planes

Final Structure WIth Exterior "Scale" Process Description © Patrick Boland

1.Jaspreet Khaira, 'What are Tilings and Tessellations and how are they used in Architecture?', Young Scientists Journal, Issue 7, 2009, P 34-46, < https://www.ysjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/Issue07/Whatare-Tilings-and-Tessellations-and-how-are-they-used-in-Architecture.pdf> [20 April 2018] 2.Design-chronicle, ' Cellular Tessellation by Abedian School of Architecture' Design-chronicle DESIGN-CHRONICLE (01/11/2015) < https://design-chronicle.com/cellular-tessellation-by-abedian-schoolof-architecture/> [20 April 2018]

All images retrieved from https://design-chronicle.com/cellular-tessellation-byabedian-school-of-architecture/

Interior Space © Patrick Boland

Project: Cellular Tessellation Architect: Abedian School of Architecture Date: 2014 Location: Sydney, Australia

Appearance at Night © Patrick Boland

B.1 RESEARCH FIELD TENSILE CABLE NET LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE Cable net tensile structure is another research field of my Part B. One of the advantages of cable net tensile structure is the flexibility, which means it can be quickly and easily configured to meet the different requirements of different layout or room shapes. Moreover, existing features such as columns or other structural supports can also be accommodated by cable net system due to the inherent flexibility of the Cable net system. 1 Another advantages of cable net is the capability to cover long spans and efficient in the use of different materials. To reduce the power and cost, cable net method is commonly used for the analysis and construction of tensile structure because they are very physical more simple.2 In this kind of structure, as the primary load, cables carry structure.The structure itself is the evidence of logical and careful planning, which can remind us of what can be achieved with the intelligent use of cables working together in tension. The results are structures of unique depth and openness, with large spans made possible by balancing the need for reduced self weight, with the application of minimalist and efficient high tensile cable.3

The Munich zoo aviary was built in the Munich,Germany in 1981, measuring 18 meters in height and an area of 5000 square meters. The Munich aviary is covered by a fine mesh of thin, stainless steel 4 to achieve the goals of solving the ethical issue of caging animals while still providing enough rooms for them to live comfortablely, while visitors can enjoy looking at them in a simulated environment that they can flourish in. 5 The Munich Zoo Aviary is a good precedent for me to further learn Tensile cable structure. It's not like that hi-tech building, it's very visible and clear, better clarifying the "Less is more" statement with the use of stainless steel canopy as lightweight structure. Unlike other buildings, the surface of aviary is the mesh itslef, which is designed for the ventilation for animals in the zoo. Thus, what I have to further develop in my Part B design is to think more about how to combine the surface material and the cable net structure better in a light way.

The Definition Of Lightweight Structure: Lightweight structures are material-efficient because the materials strengths are optimally used. Light-weight Structures create jobs because filigree structures demand carefully designed labour-intensive details with a great expenditure in planning and above all manufacture. Lightweight structures, built responsibly and sidciplines, may contribute heavily to an enriched architecture.7

1.JANDS, 'CABLE NET', AUDIO.LIGHTING.STAGING (JANDS, March 14) < http://www.jands.com.au/brands/cablenet/tensile-structures> [20 April 2018] 2.Sotiris Sotiriou, 'Tensile Structure Cable-net Method', May 2006, < http://asdsotiriou.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CablelNL.pdf> [20 April 2018] 3.RONSTAN, 'Structural Cables', RONSTAN: TENSILE ARCHITECTURE (RONSTANRIGGING) < https://www.ronstanrigging.com/arch_w/structuralcables.asp> [20 April 2018] 4. Archilovers, ' Aviary in the Munich Zoo at Hellabrunn ', Archilovers (Archilovers, 3/11/2015) < http://www.archilovers.com/projects/151380/aviary-in-the-munich-zoo-at-hellabrunn.html#info > [20 April 2018] 5.ARCHITECT, ' Munich Zoo Aviary Atelier Frei Otto Warmbronn', THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS (ARCHITECT, March 10 2015) < http://www.architectmagazine.com/projectgallery/munich-zoo-aviary-6719> [20 April 2018] 6.Hellabrunn, ' Frei Otto, Hellabrunn Zoo aviary architect, dies aged 89', Hellabrunn (Hellabrunn, 11.03.15) < http://www.hellabrunn.de/news/the-latest-news/news/frei-otto-hellabrunn-zoo-aviary-architectdies-aged-89/486a4072f0086dc6d621637fe691e252/> [20 April 2018] 7. Jorg Schlaich,Mike Schlaich, 'Lightweight Structures', Schlaich Bergermann und Partner, Consulting Engineers, Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany <www.sbp.de> [21 April 2018]

The Munich Zoo Aviary© Freiottofilm

Project: Munich Zoo Aviary Architect: Jörg Gribl, Frei Otto and Ted Happold Date: 1981 Location: Munich, Germany All images retrieved fromhttp://www.freiottofilm.com/

Form Finding The Munich Zoo Aviary© Freiottofilm

B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0

B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0 Although the light cotton tent pavilions is a modest beginning by Frei Otto is a saddle-shaped cable-net music pavilion at the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Garden Exposition) in Kassel, but it brought Frei Otto his first significant attention to world. 1 The project is constructed of tensile structure, this is an example of how the technique of this project successfully showed the extreme economy, lightweight and savings possible from such technology, so appropriate to such a garden show. The structure of the music pavilion is the four point tent, meaning it is the easiest tent form to derive from the basic, anticlastic curved minimal surface. The membrane spans two opposite-positioned high and low points.2 (Although our topic is cable-net structure, we still can learn in this tensile membrane project.)

To vary the positions of the high and low points, diverse spatial configurations can be created that are either more open or more closed, which depends on the different intended uses of the tent construction.3 By displaying Frei Ottoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s great use of materials and technology to create sustainable architecture, this white pavilion inspired a global industry of airy, energy-saving fabric structures.4 The architects employed the language of tensile structure, which is minimalist silent but clean. 5 With the given grasshopper definition, we will be exploring its potentials while evaluating them closely to see fit our design brief. The selection criteria will help us select the following iterations.

Fig. 1. Early Sketches Drawings for the 1955 Federal Garden Exhibition at Kassel. ÂŠ Freiottofilm

Fig.2 Early Sketches Drawings for the 1955 Federal Garden Exhibition at Kassel. © Freiottofilm

Project: Music Pavilion Architect: Frei Otto, Peter Stromeyer Date: 1955

1.Architectuul, 'Frei Otto', Architects, Architecture, Architectuul (Architectuul)< http://architectuul.com/ architect/frei-otto > [20 April 2018] 2.Peter Petschek, Siegfried Gass, Constructing Shadows: Pergolas, Pavilions, Tents, Cables, and Plants, p.58. 3.Peter Petschek, Siegfried Gass,Constructing Shadows,p.58. 4.ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN, ' Celebrating Frei Otto’s 2015 Pritzker Architecture Prize', ARCHITECTURE+DESIGN (Condé Nast, 2018) < https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/pritzker-prizeceremony-frei-otto> [20 April 2018] 5.Philip Drew, ' Frei Otto: structural bioengineer who developed lightweight, high-performance structures ', The Sydney Morning Herald (The Sydney Morning Herald,18 April 2015) < https://www.smh.com.au/national/ frei-otto-structural-bioengineer-who-developed-lightweight-highperformance-structures-20150417-1mn85i.

All images retrieved from http://www.freiottofilm.com/

B.2 CASE STUDY 1 ALGORTITHM DEFINITION OF TENSILE SADDLE

REVERSE ENGINEERING

Input a mesh define the mesh properties such as using component "diagonalize" to change the direciton of mesh or "Refine" to decide the levels of mesh

Change the mesh length by using component "Mesh Edges" to adjust the naked edges and interior edges pf mesh.

The series of c aims to provid curves to mak shapes of mes

DEFINITION OF TENSILE CONE

The differen tensile sadd cone is that provide anch the mesh.

G THE MUSIC PAVILION

compnents de anchor ke variable sh

nce between dle and tensile whether we hor curves for

Set the bottom anchor points using the component "Anchor".

Output the mesh in a silmulative state of force by using the Kangaroo 2 component "Solver".

B.2 ITERATION MATRIX SPECIE 1: CHANGE THE REFERENCED POLYGON MESH

REGULAR QUAGRANGLE

1 ANCHOR CURVE SMALLER THAN MESH

REGULAR PENTAGON

1 ANCHOR CURVE BIGGER THAN MESH

IRREGULAR HEXAGON

ACTIVITY OF MESH

SPECIE 2: CHANGE THE QUANTITY AND SIZE OF ANCHOR CURVES OF MESH

IRREGULAR OCTAGON

2 ANCHOR CURVES

4 ANCHOR CURVES

COMPLEXITY OF ANCHOR POINTS SPECIE 3: CHANGE THE QUANTITY AND POSITION OF BOTH BOUNDARY ANCHOR POINTS AND THE ANCHOR POINTS IN MESH

ANCHOR PTS ON 2 NAKED EDGES

ANCHOR PTS ON 2 LEVELS (ANCHOR PTS ON NAKED EDGES)

ANCHOR PTS ON 3 LEVELS (ANCHOR PTS BOTH ON NAKED EDGES AND IN MESH)

ANCHOR PTS ON 4 LEVELS (ANCHOR PTS BOTH ON NAKED EDGES AND IN MESH)

SPECIE 4: COMBINE THE ANCHOR CURVES AND ANCHOR POINTS IN ONE MESH

2 ANCHOR CURVES 2 ANCHOR POINTS (EXCEPT THE BOUNDARY PTS)

2 ANCHOR CURVES 1 ANCHOR POINTS (EXCEPT THE BOUNDARY PTS)

1 ANCHOR CURVE 8 ANCHOR POINTS

1 ANCHOR CURVE 12 ANCHOR POINTS

B.2 SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMEs SELECTION CRITERIA

1.FUNCTION What kind of architectural applications could it be used for? Is it a multi-functional project. What kinds of potential functions of it can be developed? How could it be used to create an effect? 2.AESTHETICS Does the composition look aesthetically pleasing? What visual impact does it have on the users? Once completed, the project is expected to be elegant and eyecatching. Tensile cable net structure has the capability to cover any structural supports because of its flexibility, so there are many innovative possibilities of shapes can be created. 3.GENERATIVE APPROACH How each iteration is created by existing definitions. Is there still innovation for the room for developing the grasshopper definition to extend definitions into new works. All the outcomes are produced by changing the components and the parameters on the basic definition. Outcomes which are chosen should be selected in more logical criteria rather than a more complex way. 4.STRUCTURE How does the iteration manage to be freestanding and lightweight? Structure performance can be changed by defining the mesh properties, changing the strength and length of mesh edges, or adjust the anchor curves or points. 5.TECTONIC SYSTEM Tectonics is the art of construction. When considering choosing the outcomes, how each outcome content will be further expressed in the future study through constructional methodology and at the detail level should be considered.

FUNCTION AESTHETICS GENERATION STRUCTURE TECTONIC

The first selection comes from providing an anchor curve on top of a pentagon mesh. When curves moved, there is an unexpected discovery that the edges roll up because of the anchor curve smaller than the referenced mesh.

The second iteration focussed more on explorations of openings. It was generated by creating the mesh with openings, then providing anchor curve on top or under the mesh (on different levels). A rather different effect is achieved through this iteration.

The most important reason I choose it is that when I think about functions, it can be a landscape platform bridge as well as sun-shade & shelter, which is very multifunctional. And the composition looks aesthetically elegant and light while the structure performance of it is visible and clear.

FUNCTION AESTHETICS GENERATION STRUCTURE TECTONIC

The opening structure of it provided more possibilities, maybe glazing can be applied to the openings. This can also be a sunshade. Users may have relaxing feelings in it. The disadvantage of this iteration might be the lack of privacy.

FUNCTION AESTHETICS GENERATION STRUCTURE TECTONIC

This iteration was chosen for its abstractive structural properties. I use the component "Move" to provide more anchor points on different levels on the referenced mesh. This further iteration shows a greater complexity in form, that is aesthetically evocative and expressive simultaneously. In reality, the anchors of it might be set in different places such as on the surrounding buildings or on the floor. The form of it may remind users a sense of future.

This iteration looks at how the openings and anchor points can be joined together on one mesh and not repeat the same forms we explored before. This selection was the result of the optimized structure and aesthetic goal. This iteration is kind of like what Felix Candela did on his projects, but the opening will have potential to further develop its function and flexibility. This can be a cover of performing stage.

B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0

B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0 The Munich Olympic Park is a tensile cable net structure building designed by Frei Otto in 1972. From the early 1960s, Frei Otto made early use of computer modeling method to create sensational membrane structures. After the 1970 he began combining forms found in nature with modern building techniques together with computer logistics. He researched on methods in which the lightweight sandwich construction of bird skulls could be applied to architecture in his book Biology and Building (1972).Thus, Otto thought that he could stretch man-made structures to such limits with such economical use of the material. His further research on the structure and building properties of bamboo and soap bubbles, illustrating that soap film will spread naturally among them to offer the smallest achievable surface area at a set of fixed points. 1

Frei Otto has pushed their designs to the kind of lightweight and elegant limits found more in nature than in the world of heavy-duty manmade materials. These all came to the design of the Munich Olympic Park, as well as Otto's Philosophy "Towards an Architecture of the Minimal", making his design and construction technology at its leaner, more efficient and beautiful.2 In the reality fabrication, Frei Otto’s vision of a light, the cost-efficient structure did not come to pass. Using of Plexiglass for the canopy went over the normal light membranes which Frei Otto used to work with, not only grating against the concept of a temporary structure of him at the very first step, but also causing the budget to rise dramatically. From Otto's perspective, the symbolic nature of the project is too big.3

Project: Munich Olympic Park Architect: Frei Otto Date: 1968–1972 Location: Munich, Germany Fig. 1. Olympic Stadium Model for the Munich Olympic Stadium.© Freiottofilm

1.Jonathan Glancey, 'The lightweight champion of the world', Architecture (The Guardian ,Mon 4 Oct 2004) < https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2004/ oct/04/architecture> [20 April 2018] 2.Glancey, 'The lightweight champion of the world' 3.Luke Fiederer, ' AD Classics: Olympiastadion (Munich Olympic Stadium) / Behnisch and Partners & Frei Otto', Arch Daily (Arch Daily, 11 February, 2011) < https://www.archdaily.com/109136/ad-classics-munich-olympic-stadium-freiotto-gunther-behnisch> [20 April 2018]

Fig. 1. Olympic Stadium Model for the Munich Olympic Stadium.© Freiottofilm. Retrieved from http://www.freiottofilm.com/ Fig. 2.Munich Olympic Stadium.©Designscience. Retrieved from https://medium. com/designscience/1972-1c1d1a9aac6b

Fig. 2.Munich Olympic Stadium.ÂŠDesignscience

B.3. REVERSE ENGINNERING PROCESS CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM PROCESS Load

Top Anchor Points Bottom Anchor Points

Length Of Mesh Edges Strength Of Mesh Edges

TOPOLOGY

VARIA

PROCESS IN RHINO

BRIEF COMMENTARY 1

POINTS LOCATION To find the basic points with help of the component "pi" to find the shape of points and mathematical method sin and cos to calculate the data

INTERPOLATE POINTS Using the component "interpolate" to interpolate points to a curve

OFFSET POINTS Exploding the curve then Using the comuonnet "Linear Array" to array the basic points and get the construction of the basic mesh.

CREATE MESH Transforming points to mesh using the component "Mesh Frompoints"

Fin poi the cen usi

"Cu

Direction Colour

Points (at very first step to locate the points to find the mesh)

ABLES

XTRACT POINTS

nding the top anchor ints by extracting e points on the ntral line of mesh ing the component

ull"

DYNAMIC RELEXATION

RISE UP POINTS Rising up the anchor points by using the component "Move" and giving them a direction of Z axes.

ADD GRAVITY Using the component "Load" to add gravity to imitate the real gravity condition

OUTPUT RESULT Finally input all the preparations into the Kangaroo 2 component "BouncySolver" to output a rising tensile cable net structure

B.3. LINE DRAWING OF THE FINAL OUTCOME

FINAL OUTCOME

POINTS FINDING

CREATE LINE BY INTERPOLATING POINTS

FIND MORE POINTS BY LINEAR ARRAY

MESH CREATION

IN ORDER TO FIND POINTS ON MESH TO CREATE THE REFERENCED MESH

PREPARATIONS TO INPUT TO THE KANGAROO 2 SOLVER

EX TO AN O

XTRACT POINTS O PREPARE THE NCHOR POINTS ON TOP

WIRE FRAME

MEMBRANE SKIN

RISE UP THE ANCHOR POINTS ON MESH

ADD GRAVITY

OUTPUT OUTSOME

B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT

B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT NEW SELECTION CRITERIA

FUNCTION & POTENTIAL

What function of it is the further exploration from B.3. precedent? Can it be developed into a multi-functional project? Is there any potential space of it can be explored after people use it?

AESTHETICS

What techniques are used in it for the aesthetic goal? What visual impact/feelings does it have on the users, relaxing, pleasing, elegant or futuristic?

RELEVANCY

How closely it relates to tessellation system and its symbolism?

STRUCTURE & FORM

How does the iteration manage to be freestanding and light-weight? Is this structure able to diviided into spereated parts to provide different functions to users? Is this form that is able to attract attention through means of form variations is preferred in order to give the building a sense of presence on the site. Also, forms that are structurally feasible is desired.

GENERATIVE APPROACH

How each iteration is created by existing definitions. Is there still innovation for the room for developing the grasshopper definition to extend definitions into new works.

TECTONIC SYSTEM

Tectonics is the art of construction. When considering choosing the outcomes, how each outcome content will be further expressed in the future study through constructional methodology and at the detail level should be considered.

CATEGORIZATION OF SPECIES 01

EXPLORATIONS ON TESSELLATION SYSTEM

ANCHOR POINTS CHANGING (REGULARLY)

ANCHOR POINTS CHANGING (IRREGULARLY)

OPENINGS ON MESH

EXPLORATIONS ON WEAVERBIRD

MESH CHANGING

B.4 MATRIX SPECIE 1 COMBINE THE TESSELLATION SYSTEM AND THE OLYMPIC PARK DEFINITON

TESSELLATION PATTERN 1

SPECIE 2 CHANGE THE ANCHOR POINTS REGULARLY

ANCHOR POINTS ON 2 LEVELS

TESSELLATION PATTERN 2

ANCHOR POINTS ON 2 LEVELS

TESSELLATION PATTERN 3

ANCHOR POINTS ON 2 LEVELS

SMOOTH THE MESH

PANELIZATION

( 10 HIGHER ANCHOR POINTS AND 10 ANCHOR POINTS LOWER THAN REFERENCED MESH)

SPECIE 3 CHANGE THE ANCHOR POINTS IRREGULARLY

CHANGE THE ANCHOR POINTS RANDOMLY

CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF ANCHOR POINTS (NOT VERTICAL)

( 3 HIGHER ANCHOR POINTS AND 8 ANCHOR POINTS LOWER THAN REFERENCED MESH)

ANCHOR POINTS UNDER THE REFERENCED MESH

ANCHOR POINTS ON 2 LEVELS

ANCHOR POINTS UNDER THE REFERENCED MESH

( 3 HIGHER ANCHOR POINTS AND 6 LOWER ANCHOR POINTS )

DOUBLE THE ORIGINAL 10 ANCHOR POINTS

TWO LINES OF ANCHOR POINTS

SPECIE 4

SPECIE 5

SPECIE 6

ADD OPENINGS ON MESH

EXPLORATIONS USING PLUGIN WEAVERBIRD

CHANGE THE MESH SHAPE

10 VERTICAL OPENINGS ON TOP

WEAVERBIRD’S SIERPINSKI CARPET

MESH "DIAGONALIZE"

4 RANDOM OPENINGS

2 VERTICAL OPENINGS ON BOTTOM

WEAVERBIRD’S LAPLACIANHC SMOOTHING

WEAVERBIRD’S STELLATE/CUMULATION

MESH "DIAGONALIZE"& VERTICAL LINE

RANDOM MESH LINE

B.4 SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES

FUNCTION & POTENTIAL AESTHETICS RELEVANCY STRUCTURE & FORM GENERATIVE APPROACH TECTONIC SYSTEM

The generation approach of first selection comes from combining the tessellation system with the original Olympic Park definition. Thus, this can be seen as a 100% exploration of tessellation system. Once input to the Kangaroo 2 solver, there is an unexpected effect that makes the pattern of mesh very elegant and delicate. According to this, the aesthetic goal is the biggest element to choose it. When I think about functions, because of the complexity of the pattern of mesh, it will be difficult to add surface materials, so it’s better making this project like what Frei Otto did in his Munich zoo aviary – a cable net tensile structure without any covering. Thus, the functions of it will be limited – it can’t be a shelter.

FUNCTION & POTENTIAL AESTHETICS RELEVANCY STRUCTURE & FORM GENERATIVE APPROACH TECTONIC SYSTEM

This iteration was also explored on tessellation system as well as panelization in generative approach, thus it closely relates to tessellation system. Techniques of tessellation also make this project futuristic. What is the difference between it and last tessellation iteration is that this one is more solid while the last one is really flexible. This is because the panels we used in this project. Why I chose it is because it’s structural properties. When fabrication, according to this iteration’s structural properties, modular design method might be used in it in order to achieve the goal of saving costs and time. Laser cutting will also be considered into producing it. In the knowledge what we have now, this one has more possibilities to produced in reality successfully. It can be a sunshade as well as shelter.

Fig. 1. Rosa Park transit center .© Pinterest

FUNCTION & POTENTIAL AESTHETICS RELEVANCY STRUCTURE & FORM GENERATIVE APPROACH TECTONIC SYSTEM

The third iteration shows a greater complexity in form and structure. This project was inspired by the Rosa Parks Transit Center. The structure of it follows the one-higher-one-lower anchor structure, to create the sense of layering. For this reason, the aesthetics is the chosen reason for it might have an elegant and comfortable impact on users. This iteration is not an exploration on tessellation system. This iteration is generated by setting and adding the anchor points at different levels on the original grasshopper definition. In my imagination, the anchor points are not rigid and can be released. It can take the functions of cover of a café of station or bike parking.

FUNCTION & POTENTIAL AESTHETICS RELEVANCY STRUCTURE & FORM GENERATIVE APPROACH TECTONIC SYSTEM

The forth iteration focused more on explorations of openings. The generative approach took lots of time because we use mathematical methods to create the mesh so it will be more difficult to give it openings on that mesh. Why we were doing this is because we want to continue using the techniques we learned from B.2. This iteration is not an exploration of tessellation system. The opening structure of it provided more possibilities, glazing can be applied to the openings or any other materials. The functions of it are variable, without surfaces on openings, it can be a concert covering. When covering the openings, this can be an assembly room. Privacy is still lack of this project.

Rosa Park transit center.© Pinterest. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com. au/pin/392939136209179838/

B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES

B.5. TECHNIQUE:PROTOTYPES PROCESSES

ARRANGE THE RHINO FILES

When finished in the grasshopper, baking into the rhino, then UNROLLED and numbered and made holes on every panel. (with our limited techniques, we manually finish it in rhino rather than in grasshopper.)

LOCATE THE ANCHOR POINTS Using Autocad with rhino files to find the locations of the anchor points. The size of the 1:50 model is to large so we need detailed data to measure the distances of each anchor point on bottom board.

LASER CUTTING

After finishing in rhino, sending it to laser cut and get the materials.

MAKE THE SITE MODEL At the very first step we want to use hot wire cutter to make the site model like the real building to provide the anchor points of our conceptual model. But we finally decided to use poles to provide anchor points.

SEPERATE THE PIECES Take every piece from the material board.

HANGING UP THE MODELS After finishing the site model, we hang up the conceptual models.

NUMBER PIECES BY PEN After we picked half of the pieces from material board, we found that the numbers on the pieces are not clear maybe because of the quality of laser cutting. So we decided to recognize and re-number the pieces by pen firstly before we pick the rest of the pieces, which will save losts of time.

TIGHTEN UP THE CABLE TIES

CONNECT THE PIECES Using the cable ties through the holes on the edges to connect every pieces. This part should be very carefully because once the cable tie is tighted we can't change it unless we shear it off and change a new one.

11 SHEAR OFF TAILS OF CABLE TIES

After hanging op the conceptual models and checking the order of pieces, we tightened up every cable ties.

Using the scissor to shear off the tails of cable ties.

FINISH THE THREE WHOLE "PAVILION" After interpolating all the holes by cable ties in order, we have 3 finished whole "pavilions" of our model.

12 CLEAN UP AND GET THE FINAL CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Cleaning up the tails of cable ties and other chippings.

MATERIAL CHOICES

SELECTION CRITERIA

Avalability For Laser Cutting Transparency Bendability In Tension Leakproofness

POLYPROPLYENE

Model 1:50

This material was chosen especially for its properties of bendability in tention to fit our most important topic. The leakproofness is good so it can also be a shelter to keep out the rain. The transparency of it is at an appropriate level, thus it can bring in the natural lighting as well as isolate some sunlight as a sunshade. However, it is a little bit delicate in laser cutting.

Cable Ties 100mm*2.5mm Flexibility Bendability In Tension Tenacity This cable tie takes role in connecting every panels of whole Pavilion. It behaves good when in tension and tenacity. However, there is one thing not so convenient that once the cable ties is tightened it can't be untied, we can only shear it off and change a new one.

Avalability For Laser Cutting Transparency Bendability In Tension Leakproofness Zenith Wire Rope Grip

POLYCARBONATE PANEL Model 1:1

This material is not seen as a successful choice (especially after interim presentation). The bendability of it in tension is weak so it may not a suitable choice for our project. However, why we chose it is because the better leakproofness of it. This is also a tolerable choice when laser cutting.

Flexibility Bendability In Tension Tenacity

TESTING MODELS

BOTH BENDING AND STRETCHING

BENDING

LIGHTING

STRETCHING

SAGGING

BENDING

LIGHTING

STRETCHING

SAGGING

1. POLYPROPLYENE PANEL

2. CABLE TIE

3. POLE

4. GASKET

5. IRON WIRE

6. EYE BOLT ANCHOR

SHADOW PATTERN OF THE PAVALION (WHICH CAN BE A DESIGN CONSIDERATE ELEMENT )

B.6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL

B.6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL 1.INTRODUCTION OF NEW STUDENT PRECINCT

The New Student Precinct will make a significant contribution to the transformation of the on-campus student experience at Parkville by delivering a worldclass student hub for the whole campus community. It will be a vibrant centre of activity that will co-locate student services and activities closer to the new heart of the campus, and to primary transport links.1 Fig 1. Site Location Of Student Precinct© The University Of Melbourne

2.SITE OBSERVATION & SITE ANALYSIS

1. The new student precinct is located on the southeast corner of the University, it’s also the crossing of Swanston Street and Grattan street, so this area will be a convenient location for transportation. 2. Also, the new student precinct is nearby stop 1, which means the pedestrian flow is very large. 3. About the site itself, the site is under construction now. You can see there is a square with amphitheater which can provide students an area for resting, sitting or lunch break, but it’s out of door, so why not make use of these amphitheater, and provide a sun shade area or shelter for them. 4. The new student precinct is also surrounded by existing teaching buildings and heritage building so our design can be an extension of indoor study place, the target users are students and teaching staff, and the study place is 24/7.

Site Pic 1 1.The University of Mlebourne, 'New Student Precinct', New Student Precinct (The UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, 2018) < https://students.unimelb.edu.au/ student-precinct/home> [20 April 2018]

Site Pic 2 Fig 1. Site Location Of Student Precinct © The University Of Melbourn. Retrieved from https://students.unimelb.edu.au/student-precinct/home.

3.DESIGN CONCEPT Our design concept is to activate the site as a 24/7 study space with adequate sun shading and noise cancellation for a conducive study environment and an aesthetically attractive space befitting of a top university. In order to satisfy the current needs such as to provide suitable spaces for contemporary students and uni staffs rather than poor quality spaces, to be an extension of indoor study place, and the study place is 24/7.To create an innovative and conducive informal study space to provide an enriching student experience

4.FUTURE POTENTIAL & INTERIM FEEDBACK 1. Materiality of 1:1 model is not suitable enough. 2. Acoustics is no longer a considerated element. 3.Don't spend too much time on site analysis. 4.Take more care on joints and connections particularly. 5. Function seperations should be thinked about in the Part C. The level of each pavilion can be different to provide different functions, such as one of the pavilion can be a performance stage covering. 6.Rendering is not clear enough, which can't demonstrate full relationship between proposal structures and surrounding contexts.

B.6 INTERIM DESIGN PROPOSAL

SCALE 1:100

PLAN

SCALE 1:100

ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

SECTION

PROCESSES OF SHAPE DEVELOPMENT

RENDERED HERO SHOT

B.6. BILL OF QUANTITIES

Planning & of workloads

Total Material Costs $178.87 Hook & Eye 3% Aluminium Open Otter 3%

Cable Ties 13% Laser-Cutting 27%

Screw Zenith 5% Threaded Rod 15%

Screws, nut, washer 10%

Timeline

Wilson – Introdu Knauf Insulaltion Board 24%

Carol – Site Anal

Xinying – Elevatio

Charley – Site M

Triton – Design P

David – 1:50 Mo

Distribution s

Site Analysis

Making the Rhino Model

3D Rendering Plan

Design Proposal

Section Elevation Model Assembly

Materiality

uction & Field of Research, Plan, 1:50 Model

Task Force

lysis & 3-D Rendering, Assistant Team Manager

on & Section, Design Proposal

Model 3-D, Team Manager, 1:50 Model, Bill of Quantities

Proposal, 1:1 Model, Grasshopper

odel, Design Proposal, Grasshopper, Laser-Cutting

B.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

B.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES OBEJECT 1: “INTERROGATING A BRIEF” The brief “lightweight structure” of our tutorial is different compared with other tutorials, I was really confused when we finished the class on before Easter, thus my partner David and me did very bad in the peers presentation. It was at that stage where we still did not have a clear understanding of what is about the research field on LMS ( for example morning line) and what is the tensile cable net structure we have chosen. After that, I spent so much time to reconsider and redo the first matrix of iterations, we constantly referred to the brief to maintain its relevancy to tensile cable net structure.

OBJECT 3: “DEVELOPING SKILLS IN VARIOUS THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA” In this part, I gained a lot of knowledge I lack. Because I am a transferred student so the subjects I learned from last year was majorly learning back the Year 1 subjects thus I don’t have enough opportunities to familiar with digital fabrication methods. In our design, I firstly learned to use the hot wire cutter to make the site model (although at last, we give up the idea of making site model, we decided to use poles as our anchor points.) And I learned to use other software such as Autocad to help us to find the anchor points. Then I learned how to change the existing projects of us in grasshopper to a digital rhino design, then we sent it to lase cut. (We met many problems here so we finally manually numbered every piece and made holes on the panels manually.)

OBEJECT 2: “DEVELOPING AN ABILITY TO GENERATE A VARIEATY OF DESIG POSSIBILITIES FOR A GIVEN SITUATION”

OBJECT 4: “DEVELOPING AN UNDERSTANDING OFRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE AND AIR”

This part is really hard and challenging at the very first step, however, the good news is that our tutor required us to produce around 12 iterations, means that we can focus more on the quality of iterations rather than quantities. Actually, I made a big progress after the middle of Easter holiday which means I spent so much time to familiar with this tensile cable net definition (although it’s short it’s difficult to create successful new species). Also one of my Groupmates Charley has helped me a lot. I imagined what appearance we want to achieve first, and I set down the topics of each species, then I focused on the element of this species and explored it, for example, I want this species changing by anchor points thus I will try my best to explore the variable methods on how to change anchor points on the mesh.

Studio air is a different studio compared to other studios in bachelor study. Firstly it is about a new technique – grasshopper, secondly, it’s a groupwork design, while most of the design studios are individual. Although the natural of computational design we are going through for studio air tends to isolate ourselves from the physical site, I still think we should go back to the nature of architecture design studio, taking more time to research or visit the site (although the student precinct is on construction now we still can observe it ), to make observation and conduct analysis of the site, making sure that our design complements with the whole atmosphere.

OBJECT 5: DEVELOPING THE ABILITY TO MAKE A CASE OF PROPOSALS Before the week of interim presentation, our prototype proposal is want to use the materials such as the head band to imitate the tensile structure. After the tutorials, we changed our design proposal to a tensile cable net structure with the panel, so this becomes very hard for the limited time while another group has already finished some prototypes. So in less than 1 week time, we try our best to redesign our proposal and find the way to finish our prototypes, but this is hard because of new plug in mesh machine and the problem of numbering the panels. On last Friday we finally decided to separate the pavilion into 3 parts, which may be more suitable for the site. For now, we are satisfied with what we have achieved so far, from part A to part B I have made big progress, and our groupmates are also very hard for the subjects, we will continue to strive to achieve the best outcome. OBJECT 6: DEVELOP CAPABILITIESS FOR CONCEPTUAL, TECHNICAL AND DESIGN ANALYSES OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS Our attempt at the reverse engineering of the Frei Otto’s Olympic Park requires the understanding of cable net tensile structure. Not only that, we also closely speculated the processes of the project, from the design intent all the way to realization. Same applies to the panelization where we explore the possibilities of tessellation.

OBJECT 7: DEVELOP FOUNDATIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY, DATA STRUCTURE AND TYPES OF PROGRAMMING. By reverse-engineer existing precedent – Frei Otto’s Olympic Park (although in groupwork), I think I definitely improved my abilities in the parametric modeling method. By highlighting successful algorithmic sketches, I get more familiar with the principles of data flow in grasshopper. Although I have no experiences and know nothing at the beginning of the semester, I put efforts after Part A and attend several technical sessions on Mondays to further broaden my knowledge of Grasshopper. Kangaroo 2 plug in also helps a lot in development of my grasshopper abillities.

OBJECT 8: BEGIN DEVELOPING A PERSONALISED REPERTOIRE OF COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES SUBSTANTIATED BY THE UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTGES AND AREAS OF APPLICATION. Basing on all the research, techniques we learned before, there might be possibilities (but very few ) in the coming weeks I can develop a personalized repertoire of computational techniques.

B.8 APPENDIX-ALGORITHMIC SKETCHEBOOK

B.8 APPENDIX-ALGORITHMIC SKETCHEBOOK BIBLIOGRAPHY Archilovers, ' Aviary in the Munich Zoo at Hellabrunn ', Archilovers (Archilovers, 3/11/2015) < http://www.archilovers.com/ projects/151380/aviary-in-the-munich-zoo-at-hellabrunn.html#info > [20 April 2018] ARCHITECT, ' Munich Zoo Aviary Atelier Frei Otto Warmbronn', THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS (ARCHITECT, March 10 2015) < http://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/munich-zoo-aviary-6719> [20 April 2018] ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN, ' Celebrating Frei Otto’s 2015 Pritzker Architecture Prize', ARCHITECTURE+DESIGN (Condé Nast, 2018) < https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/pritzker-prize-ceremony-frei-otto> [20 April 2018] Architectuul, 'Frei Otto', Architects, Architecture, Architectuul (Architectuul)< http://architectuul.com/architect/frei-otto > [20 April 2018] Design-Chronicle, ' Cellular Tessellation by Abedian School of Architecture' Design-chronicle DESIGN-CHRONICLE (01/11/2015) < https://design-chronicle.com/cellular-tessellation-by-abedian-school-of-architecture/> [20 April 2018] Drew, Philip, ' Frei Otto: structural bioengineer who developed lightweight, high-performance structures ', The Sydney Morning Herald (The Sydney Morning Herald,18 April 2015) < https://www.smh.com.au/national/frei-otto-structuralbioengineer-who-developed-lightweight-highperformance-structures-20150417-1mn85i. Fiederer, Luke, ' AD Classics: Olympiastadion (Munich Olympic Stadium) / Behnisch and Partners & Frei Otto', Arch Daily (Arch Daily, 11 February, 2011) < https://www.archdaily.com/109136/ad-classics-munich-olympic-stadium-frei-ottogunther-behnisch> [20 April 2018] Glancey, Jonathan, 'The lightweight champion of the world', Architecture (The Guardian ,Mon 4 Oct 2004) < https://www. theguardian.com/artanddesign/2004/oct/04/architecture> [20 April 2018] Hellabrunn, ' Frei Otto, Hellabrunn Zoo aviary architect, dies aged 89', Hellabrunn (Hellabrunn, 11.03.15) < http://www. hellabrunn.de/news/the-latest-news/news/frei-otto-hellabrunn-zoo-aviary-architect-dies-aged-89/486a4072f0086dc6d621 637fe691e252/> [20 April 2018] JANDS, 'CABLE NET', AUDIO.LIGHTING.STAGING (JANDS, March 14) < http://www.jands.com.au/brands/cablenet/ tensile-structures> [20 April 2018] Khaira, Jaspreet, 'What are Tilings and Tessellations and how are they used in Architecture?', Young Scientists Journal, Issue 7, 2009, P 34-46, < https://www.ysjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/Issue07/What-are-Tilings-and-Tessellations-andhow-are-they-used-in-Architecture.pdf> [20 April 2018] Petschek, Peter, Siegfried Gass, Constructing Shadows: Pergolas, Pavilions, Tents, Cables, and Plants, p.58. RONSTAN, 'Structural Cables', RONSTAN: TENSILE ARCHITECTURE (RONSTANRIGGING) < https://www.ronstanrigging. com/arch_w/structuralcables.asp> [20 April 2018] Schlaich, Jorg , Schlaich, Mike, 'Lightweight Structures', Schlaich Bergermann und Partner, Consulting Engineers, Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany <www.sbp.de> [21 April 2018] Sotiriou, Sotiris, 'Tensile Structure Cable-net Method', May 2006, < http://asdsotiriou.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ CablelNL.pdf> [20 April 2018] The University of Mlebourne, 'New Student Precinct', New Student Precinct (The UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, 2018) < https://students.unimelb.edu.au/student-precinct/home> [20 April 2018]

B.8. ALGORITHMIC SKETCHEBOOK