August/September 2022 by afccooperativefarmingnews

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CO-OP MATTERS

18 Co-op Corner: Andalusia Co-op Employee Receives Scholarship

LIFE ON THE HOMEPLACE AND IN THE COMMUNITY

On the Cover:

Mossy Oak Gamekeeper Kennels is producing a hunter's best friend.

(Photo Credit: David McElwain)

OUR REGULARS

Letter from the Editor........................ 4 Ag Insight........................................... 8 Business of Farming........................... 12 Feeding Facts ..................................... 14 From the State Vet’s Office................. 16 Homegrown with Sweet Grown......... 21 What’s the Point................................ 22 Outdoor Logic with BioLogic............. 32 Cooking with Stacy Lyn...................... 36 Farming Your Forest........................... 37 Shepherding Outdoors....................... 42 Southern Made Simple....................... 54 How’s Your Garden?.......................... 57 Howle’s Hints..................................... 59 Magic of Gardening............................ 62 Lawn & Garden Checklist.................. 65 Simple Times...................................... 67 Food Safety......................................... 70 Grazing Grace..................................... 73 The Co-op Pantry............................... 75 What’s Happening in Alabama............ 78 w w w. a l a f a r m . c o m

18 42

54 24

CONTENTS

46 Mossy Oak Gamekeeper Kennels: Producing a Hunter's Best Friend, In the Field and In Their Hearts 50 Ryan Norris: Turning Stumbling Blocks into Stepping Stones YOUTH MATTERS 24 FFA Sentinel: FFA's 2022 National Officer Candidate: Will Aycock 26 4-H Extension Corner: 4-H Scholarship Recipients Recognized 29 PALS: Rockwell Elementary Joins the Clean Campus Program

August/September 2022

Letter from the Editor 4

The days are long and warm, and the crops are green and growing tall. Summer is the calm before the storm as farmers across the country prepare to harvest the crops they have spent the first half of the year planting and nurturing to the best of their ability. Harvest season is one of my favorites and I can’t wait to see the bounty that is gathered after another challenging, uncertain year. On the cover of this month’s issue is another one of my favorite things – the Mossy Oak Gamekeeper Kennels. I had the chance to visit and learn more about the program a few years back and am thrilled to share this feature! We’re also spotlighting our 2022 AFC Scholarship recipients. These outstanding students have a bright future ahead of them and we are proud to support their education through our scholarship program. If your garden is full and you’re wondering what to do with some of your summer produce, check out the Co-op Pantry. We’re sharing recipes using fresh vegetables and a few freezer meal ideas, too! Next month, you can look forward to our Cattle-log and delicious beef recipes for October’s celebration of Beef Month! Thank you for being a loyal reader, customer and part of the AFC family.

Samantha Hendricks Editor-in-Chief

Cooperative Farming News

Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc.

Your friendly farm and garden supply store for 85 years and counting. ®

August/September 2022

Editor-in-Chief: Samantha Hendricks Editor: Jessie Shook Contributing Editor: Jade Randolph Advertising, Editorial, Subscription and Publication Offices 121 Somerville Road NE Decatur, AL 35601-2659 P.O. Box 2227 Decatur, AL 35609-2227 256-308-1618 AFC Officers Rivers Myres, President Ben Haynes, Chairman of the Board

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121 Somerville Road NE, Decatur, AL 35601-2659 P.O. Box 2227, Decatur, AL 35609-2227

Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is strictly prohibited. The publisher reserves the right to refuse any advertising and will not be responsible for copy errors or misprints in advertising or editorial material, other than to publish corrections of errors in fact. Feature articles, news items and columns are published for the information of our readers from qualified, reputable sources; however, the editors and publisher make no guarantees and assume no liability for any reader’s decision to implement any procedure, recommendation or advice printed in this publication. Photos are credited to author unless otherwise noted. Advertised sale items may not be stocked by every Quality Co-op store and prices may vary.

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DIRECTORY OF MEMBER COOPERATIVES ALTHA FARMERS COOPERATIVE James Lynn, Gen. Mgr. Phone 850-674-8194

FARMERS COOPERATIVE MARKET Doug Smith, Gen. Mgr. FRISCO CITY - William Womack, Mgr. Phone 251-267-3175 Fertilizer / Phone 251-267-3173 LEROY - Jeff Hughston, Mgr. Phone 251-246-3512

ANDALUSIA FARMERS COOPERATIVE Russell Lassiter, Gen. Mgr. Phone 334-222-1851 FLORALA - Pete Blackwell, Mgr. Phone 334-858-6142 OPP - Brandon Bledsoe, Mgr. Phone 334-493-7715

FARMERS CO-OP OF ASHFORD Timothy Tolar, Gen. Mgr. Phone 334-899-3263

ATMORE FARMERS COOPERATIVE Todd Booker, Gen. Mgr. Phone 251-368-2191 BLOUNT COUNTY FARMERS COOPERATIVE Eric Sanders, Gen. Mgr. Phone 205-274-2185 CENTRAL ALABAMA FARMERS COOPERATIVE Tim Wood, Gen. Mgr. SELMA - Thomas Reeves, Mgr. Phone 334-874-9083 FAUNSDALE - Bryan Monk, Mgr. Phone 334-628-2681 DEMOPOLIS - Tom Eunice, Mgr. Phone 334-289-0155 CHEROKEE FARMERS COOPERATIVE Seth Eubanks, Gen. Mgr. CENTRE Phone 256-927-3135 JACKSONVILLE - Tommy Thomas, Mgr. Phone 256-435-3430 PIEDMONT - Kevin Bobbitt, Mgr. Phone 256-447-6560

FARMERS COOPERATIVE, INC. Todd Lawrence, Gen. Mgr. LIVE OAK, FL - Barry Long, Ag Div. Mgr. Phone 386-362-1459 MADISON, FL - Jerry Owens, Operations Mgr. Phone 850-973-2269 GENCO FARMERS COOPERATIVE Ricky Wilks, Gen. Mgr. HARTFORD - Todd Smith, Mgr. Phone 334-588-2992 WEST GENEVA - Robert Pittman, Mgr. Phone 334-898-7932 ENTERPRISE - Ricky Wilks, Mgr. Phone 334-347-9007 ELBA - Colin Morris, Mgr. Phone 334-897-6972 HEADLAND PEANUT WAREHOUSE CO-OP Jay Jones, Gen. Mgr. Chris Hix, Store Mgr. Phone 334-693-3313 JAY PEANUT FARMERS COOPERATIVE Ryan Williams, Gen. Mgr. Phone 850-675-4597

CLAY COUNTY EXCHANGE Jeff Kinder, Gen. Mgr. Phone 256-396-2097

LUVERNE COOPERATIVE SERVICES Perry Catrett, Gen. Mgr. Phone 334-335-5082

COLBERT FARMERS COOPERATIVE Daniel Waldrep, Gen. Mgr. LEIGHTON - Tommy Sockwell, Mgr. Phone 256-446-8328 TUSCUMBIA - Chuck Hellums, Mgr. Phone 256-383-6462

MADISON COUNTY COOPERATIVE Keith Griffin, Gen. Mgr. HAZEL GREEN - Phone 256-828-2010 MERIDIANVILLE - Matt Dunbar, Mgr. Phone 256-828-5360 NEW MARKET - Phone 256-379-2553 Ramsey Prince, Mgr. SCOTTSBORO - Phone 256-574-1688 Patricia Rorex, Mgr.

DEKALB FARMERS COOPERATIVE Jason Plunkett, Gen. Mgr. RAINSVILLE - Cody Etherton, Mgr. Phone 256-638-2569 CROSSVILLE - David Tierce, Mgr. Phone 256-528-7188 ALBERTVILLE - James Addison, Mgr. Phone 256-878-3261

MARION COUNTY COOPERATIVE Steve Lann, Gen. Mgr. HAMILTON - Phone 205-921-2631 FAYETTE - Kellie Trull, Mgr. Phone 205-932-5901 HALEYVILLE - Jessica Steward, Mgr. Phone 205-486-3794

ELBERTA FARMERS COOPERATIVE Justin Brown, Gen. Mgr. Phone 251-986-8103

MARSHALL FARMERS COOPERATIVE Brian Keith, Gen. Mgr. HOLLY POND - Phone 256-796-5337 ARAB - Mark Upton, Mgr. Phone 256-586-5515 MORGAN FARMERS COOPERATIVE Bradley Hopkins, Gen. Mgr. HARTSELLE - Jason Pealor, Mgr. Phone 256-773-6832 PIKE COUNTY COOPERATIVE Danny Dewrell, Gen. Mgr. GOSHEN - Phone 334-484-3441 TROY - Jeff Baron, Mgr. Phone 334-566-3882 QUALITY COOPERATIVE, INC. Daniel Salter, Gen. Mgr. Phone 334-382-6548 TALEECON FARMERS COOPERATIVE Scott Hartley, Gen. Mgr. Phone 334-257-3930 WETUMPKA - Timothy Richardson, Mgr. Phone 334-567-4321 TALLADEGA COUNTY EXCHANGE Chris Elliott, Gen. Mgr. Phone 256-362-2716 ASHVILLE - Allen Bice, Mgr. Phone 205-594-7042 PELL CITY - Joseph Taylor, Mgr. Phone 205-338-2821 COLUMBIANA - Barry Keller, Mgr. Phone 205-669-7082 RANDOLPH - Tim Brown, Mgr. Phone 256-357-4743 TENNESSEE VALLEY COOPERATIVE, LLC John Curtis, President ATHENS – Britt Christopher, Mgr. Phone 256-232-5500 LYNNVILLE, TN - Kyle Doggett, Mgr. Phone 931-527-3923 PULASKI, TN - Jeff Wales, Mgr. Phone 931-363-2563 Reggie Shook, Vice Pres. FLORENCE - Robbie Neal, Mgr. Phone 256-764-8441 ELGIN - Blair Shook, Mgr. Phone 256-247-3453 John Holley, Vice Pres. MOULTON - Greg McCannon, Mgr. Phone 256-974-9213 COURTLAND Phone 256-637-2939 GRASSY - Adam Malone, Mgr. Phone 256-229-6664 TUSCALOOSA FARMERS COOPERATIVE Wayne Gilliam, Gen. Mgr. Phone 205-339-8181 WALKER FARMERS COOPERATIVE Cody King, Gen. Mgr. Phone 205-387-1142

*PLEASE CONTACT EACH STORE DIRECTLY FOR ALL OF THE SERVICES THEY OFFER* PEANUTS

PECANS

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August/September 2022

AG INSIGHT

AG INSIGHT BY J I M E R I C K S O N

Population changes to shape food demand The number of people who call the United States home continues to grow. Results from the most recent decennial census show that the U.S. population increased from about 309 million people in 2010 to about 331 million in 2020. Projections released by the U.S. Census Bureau put the United States on track to reach more than 400 million inhabitants by 2060. Foreign-born residents are forecast to account for about 17% of the total U.S. population in 2060, up from 14% in 2020. Native-born residents, including children of immigrants, are expected to account for 83%. According to projections, as immigrants arrive from Asia and Latin America, the United States will grow more racially and ethnically diverse. Between 2020 and 2060, the Census Bureau predicts that individuals of Hispanic origin will grow from 19% to 29% of the total population. Non-Hispanic Blacks are forecast to rise from 12% to 13%. Non-Hispanic Asians are predicted to increase from 6% to 9%. And non-Hispanic Whites are predicted to decrease from 57% to 44% of the total population. These changes in population will likely reshape the types of foods people eat in the United States and how foods are consumed. Many factors, such as income, prices, age, household size and nutrition knowledge, shape a household’s food needs and choices. Along with these factors, race and ethnicity often play a role in food choices and may be associated with deep-rooted food customs. Since the early 2000s, the USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) has been examining how trends in the U.S. population might reshape food consump8

Cooperative Farming News

tion and diet quality. As the population diversifies, the demand for some agricultural commodities also changes. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) are widely used to study U.S. food consumption patterns and trends. A USDA-supported survey component, called What We Eat in America, asks individuals to report all foods and beverages consumed over two nonconsecutive days. Food consumption records provided by 2011–18 NHANES participants confirm that individuals identify-

From farmers markets to supermarkets, increasing population diversity affects changing availability of food items.

ing with different racial and ethnic groups vary in their food choices. On a per-person, per-day basis, non-Hispanic Asians consumed the most fruits (1.24-cup equivalents), vegetables (1.62-cup equivalents), and seafood (1.06-ounce equivalents). Hispanics consumed the most meat (1.62-ounce equivalents). Non-Hispanic Blacks ate the most poultry (1.98-ounce equivalents). Non-Hispanic Whites consumed the most dairy products (1.79-cup equivalents). While differences in income, household size, and other factors likely drive some of the above relationships, deep-rooted food customs also appear to be a factor in these patterns. Similar to current NHANES data, a 2003 study by USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) confirmed that non-Hispanic Asians consume more seafood than other racial and ethnic groups after controlling for other factors. The same study also correctly predicted that as the Asian American population grew, the U.S. seafood demand would grow faster in the 2000s and 2010s than the demand for meat and poultry. A 2021 ERS study used food consumption records provided by 2003-18 NHANES participants for a longrun perspective on how U.S. fluid cow’s milk consumption has been changing over time. Among other findings, the researchers confirmed that non-Hispanic Whites drink more fluid cow’s milk than other racial and ethnic groups controlling for age, gender, education and other potentially complicating factors. The study also identified that non-Hispanic Whites account for a shrinking share of the overall population, which is a contributing factor in declining U.S. per capita milk consumption. As the U.S. population further diversifies with a growing share of Asian, non-Hispanic and Hispanic people, domestic demand for agricultural products and overall diet quality in the nation will likely also continue to shift. Even as new immigrants acculturate and adopt the eating patterns of native-born U.S. citizens of their same racial ethnic background, food demand and diet quality differences remain among racial and ethnic groups. Food consumption patterns and diet quality measures broken down by racial and ethnic groups continue to be informative for policymakers and other decision-makers.

Chile seen as promising market for U.S. ag exports The USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service concludes that Chile remains the largest South American

consumer-oriented market for U.S. exporters. Increasing wealth, lower barriers to entry, and the modern Chilean economy present opportunities for increased agricultural trade as COVID-19 restrictions and social-political tensions ease. This economic recovery has also attracted increased competition, especially from the European Union, Brazil, and Argentina; but premium U.S. products including beer, distilled spirits, pork and pork products, cheese, and specialty beef cuts hold potential for Chilean growth in the retail sector as well as the hotel, restaurant, and institutional sector, the FAS asserts. Although Chile has a relatively small population of 19.7 million people, it is the second-largest market in South America for U.S. agricultural products after Colombia, and the largest South American market for U.S. consumer-oriented agricultural products ($886.4 million in 2021). Chile’s gross domestic product (GDP) rose by 12% in 2021. The Chilean Central Bank projects a 1.5 to 2.5% GDP growth rate for 2022. Throughout this time, Chile has maintained highest per capita GDP, adjusted for purchasing power parity, in South America.

War in Ukraine, other global factors push ag commodity prices higher A number of factors have converged over the last 18 months to send global agricultural commodity prices to near-record levels. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine – and the potential loss of Ukrainian exports – was the latest development to push commodity prices higher. Other factors affecting global markets, which date back to late 2020, include: increased global demand, led by China; drought-reduced supplies; tightening wheat, corn and soybean stocks in major exporting countries; high energy prices pushing up the costs of fertilizer, transportation, and agricultural production; and countries imposing export bans and restrictions, further tightening supplies. As observed during the food price crises of 2008 and 2012, developing countries that are dependent on food imports are the most vulnerable to food insecurity. Such countries tend to respond to price signals by shifting consumption and trade patterns, while larger exporting nations respond by increasing production to meet demand. However, the geopolitical turmoil of a war between two major agricultural August/September 2022

exporting countries, including the world’s largest fertilizer exporter (Russia), adds additional uncertainty and concern to today’s situation.

Air Force cargo aircraft haul infant formula

to create jobs, build infrastructure and support longterm economic stability. “Rural America is incredibly diverse – economically, racially, culturally and geographically.” Vilsack said. “What makes sense for one community may not for another. The Rural Partners Network will help communities get funding for investments that create long-lasting benefits for their communities, especially those that have been overlooked in the past. “By providing one-on-one support to these communities, we can lay the foundation for people to build healthy, successful futures on their own terms.”

Summer increases need for safe food handling

U.S. Air Force Airmen assigned to the 721st Aerial Port Squadron recently placed pallets of infant formula at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. The infant formula arrived from Switzerland as part of the U.S. Government’s Operation Fly Formula to rapidly transport infant formula to the United States due to critical shortages there. The formula was loaded and transported to Plainfield, Indiana, via a U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster III coordinated by U.S. Transportation Command and Air Mobility Command.

USDA to lead federal effort to boost rural economy U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary Tom Vilsack and White House Domestic Policy Advisor Susan Rice today announced a new whole-of-government effort led by USDA to transform the way federal agencies partner with rural places to create economic opportunity in rural America. The USDA-led Rural Partners Network (RPN) is an all-of-government program that will help rural communities access government resources and funding 10

Cooperative Farming News

As summertime brings families and friends together for outdoor celebrations, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) wants to make sure your summer festivities are food safe. Whether you’re grilling burgers, camping, or having a picnic, everyone should always remember to practice proper handwashing and use a food thermometer. After observing that consumer behavior in test kitchens revealed that people are skipping basic food safety practices, USDA is concerned that consumers are not doing enough to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. “Our research shows that participants were not adequately washing their hands or using a food thermometer,” says USDA Deputy Under Secretary for Food Safety Sandra Eskin. “Summer is a time to relax and enjoy delicious meals with friends and family, but foodborne pathogens never rest. Following safe food handling practices during this and all other seasons can reduce the risk of you and your loved ones getting sick.”

August/September 2022

BUSINESS OF FARMING

HOW FARMERS MARKETS IMPACT YOUR COMMUNITY SURGE SEEN IN CONSUMERS’ INTEREST IN LOCAL FOOD B Y J E S S I C A R O WA N The number of farmers markets in Alabama has increased greatly over the past two decades. In 1999, the state only had 17 farmers’ markets serving around 230 producers and in 2021, there were 170 farmers markets serving around 900 producers and 425 non-produce vendors. These markets are indispensable to both consumers and small-scale producers. Farmers markets reconnect consumers to their food system. Traditional sales channels for food often don’t place importance on who grew your food or where it was grown. It’s seen as just a quick transaction and task to mark off your to-do list. Local markets give consumers a chance to learn 12

Cooperative Farming News

what’s in season, how their produce is grown and how they can change or establish their role within the food system. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the population to supply chain disruptions. While it has shown some fragilities within the food system, it also revealed opportunities for improvement in food work and how to cultivate a resilient food system. There has been a surge in consumers’ interest in local food and increased demand for direct-to-consumer marketing channels. COVID-19 was definitely a challenge to farmers markets, and it forced many of them to pivot in order to meet customer demands. Although it was a challenging time, it sparked consumer interest in local food and

”

WHEN THEY CUT OUT THE MIDDLEMAN, PRODUCERS RECEIVE A LARGER PORTION OF THE FOOD DOLLAR. IN RETURN, CUSTOMERS RECEIVE FRESH, LOCAL FOOD THAT TRAVELED A MUCH SHORTER DISTANCE FROM THE FARM TO THEIR PLATE.

a desire to connect with the farmers that grow their food. Not only do those markets give consumers a chance to learn about the food they buy, but they give farmers the opportunity to be educators while also selling their goods. Producers benefit from a designated meeting place and time to sell their various goods directly to customers. It provides them with an outlet to sell their goods to a large audience of consumers that are already gathered in search of local food and supporting local businesses. It’s a location that can attract a variety of customers as well as other local producers. Farmers markets are often places where farmers, neighbors, and customers can exchange ideas and experiences. Farmers can socialize and discuss production practices and even trends they’ve noticed in the market and industry. Producers sell directly to consumers for more reasons than just creating relationships and personal connections. When they cut out the middleman producers receive a larger portion of the food dollar. In return, customers receive fresh, local food that traveled a much shorter distance from the farm to their plate. According to Ellie Watson of Sweet Grown Alabama, “When you support local, studies show that 60 cents of every dollar spent remain in

your community.” Customers often don’t even realize the true ripple effect that occurs in communities when supporting local producers. That money gets spent at local businesses, on local employees, local inputs for their farm and, beyond farm expenses, it’s spent on their family or kids within their community. Supporting local producers not only improves the local economy, but it provides consumers with fresher products than typical grocery store produce that’s imported. According to the USDA, more than 85% of farmers market vendors traveled less than 50 miles to sell at their farmers markets. Fruits and vegetables in grocery stores travel on average more than 1,200 miles before reaching the shelf. Locally grown produce is allowed to ripen on the plant and is picked at peak freshness and nutrient levels. Farmers also select plants and animal breeds for superior quality and taste. Consumers notice the drastic improvement in the taste of locally grown produce and it often alters their purchasing habits. The aggregation of local producers selling a variety of food also provides access to healthy, nutritious food where it otherwise might not be available. There are programs for low-income families and the number of farmers accepting SNAP benefits is growing every year. Unlike other food outlets, there must be something said for the sense of community built among customers and vendors that is unique to farmers markets. Not only do people come there to buy fresh food, but they also come to meet friends, engage with local farmers, scope out new varieties and products and just enjoy the atmosphere. Farmers markets foster a sense of community and healthy lifestyles while simultaneously providing consumers with quality products they can feel good about buying. Producers have an easily accessible outlet to sell directly to consumers while educating and advertising for themselves. Farmers markets play a vital role in the local food movement in Alabama, from the consumers and producers that build relationships to the communities that reap the benefits. August/September 2022

FEEDING FACTS

FINISHED CATTLE GETTING CATTLE READY FOR HARVEST B Y J I M M Y PA R K E R With the pandemic, inflation hitting near record levels and a multitude of issues in our national supply chain, we have seen empty shelves in grocery stores from time to time in the last couple of years. These factors have made a number of producers decide to finish cattle and hogs locally for at-home use or to sell directly to local consumers. Recently, there are more questions asked about the best way to get cattle ready for harvest than any other feeding question we hear.

Cooperative Farming News

So, what is the best way to get cattle fat enough to make a good steak? There really is no one answer. Some people are looking for a “grass fed” option and that is a good niche but will require excellent forages and a long time to reach an acceptable product. Other are looking for locally grown products that are at least finished with some grain. While the grass-fed option was likely the most popular on farm product a few years ago, when the grocery store shelves emptied out, the demand for

locally-grown grain-finished product seems to have ally done by adding a little more feed to the trough retaken the lead in local demand. Higher retail prices each day until they begin to leave feed in the trough, may have contributed to that as many people don’t while keeping in mind that the animal is growing and have as much disposable income to put toward a the amount of feed they consume will continue to grass-fed product. increase throughout the finishing phase. Typically, in the Southeast, we wean calves at Generally during the backgrounding phase, a feed around six to eight months of with a 12 to 14% protein and age weighing from four huna medium level of energy is dred to six hundred pounds used. This will grow frame and How long you should feed your animal depending on the breed and muscle and get the animal on a high-grain diet to achieve the demanagement of the producer. ready to add the finishing sired level of finish also depends on many These cattle are often grazed levels of fat and be ready for and fed a little until they the finishing phase. A typical factors. Early-maturing body types will reach seven to nine hundred finishing feed will be a bit lowlikely need to be fed for less days than the pounds, again depending er in protein and much higher larger-framed and later-maturing types on genetics of the animal, in calories and will be fed at that will reach a heavier weight before anticipated harvest weight a much higher rate or more being ready to produce a top end steak. and frankly when you can get pounds per head per day. Noryour animal worked into a mally we see these finishing local processor. feeds being higher in corn and How long you should lower in things that are not as feed your animal on a high-grain diet to achieve the rich in calories. One simple way of doing this is simdesired level of finish also depends on many factors. ply to continue to feed the same backgrounding feed Early-maturing body types will likely need to be fed at the levels you were feeding and just add increasing for less days than the larger-framed and later-malevels of cracked corn each day until the desired level turing types that will reach a heavier weight before is reached. In our area, we often see finishing feeds being ready to produce a top end steak. A good that are around 60% corn. Again, keep in mind that as estimate is that they will need to be fed a heavier the animal grows the total amount of feed will have to grain diet for 100 to 150 days to be truly ready and be increased to reach the desired level of finish. once you call and get an appointment for the animal at the processor, you can count backward however many days you want to feed a high-grain diet and it is a pretty simple process. The number of days on high grain/higher energy diets will be less if the weaned cattle are getting some feed and are fleshier when you move them to a diet with more calories. By feeding the calves from weaning to the final fattening phase, they will be in better condition and the transition of their rumens from a more fibrous diet to a heavier grain diet will be easier and faster. Typically, about two to three weeks before you want your animal on the high energy diet, you will begin to increase the level of grain in their diet and increase the quantity of grain offered as well. A typical calf in the backgrounding phase (time between weaning and finishing) should receive one to one and a half percent of its body weight in a grain-type feed and the rest of its diet should be forage-based. Good hay or good grazing will work. During the two to three weeks of transition to a finishing phase, the cattle should be worked up to 2 1/2 and a half to 3% of body weight in feed while still having access to high-quality hay or grazing. This is generAugust/September 2022

FROM THE STATE VET'S OFFICE

CHALLENGES TO ANIMAL AGRICULTURE IN 2022 SHRINKING LAND AVAILABLE, SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES AND ANIMAL DISEASE TOP THE LIST

BY D R . T O N Y F R A Z I E R

hen I was a kid in school, on rainy days when we couldn’t go outside, we sometimes played a game called musical chairs. Most of you are familiar with the game, although I don’t know if it is played by today’s first graders. Here is a quick refresher on how the game is played. There is a circle of chairs that number one less than the number of par-

Cooperative Farming News

ticipants. The music begins and the participants walk in a circle around the outside chairs. When the music stops everyone takes a seat except for the one person who is the odd person out. That person leaves the game and one chair is removed so that there is one less chair than participants. As the game goes on and participants are eliminated and chairs removed, eventually there

is only one chair left and two participants. When the The current avian influenza outbreak we are experimusic stops that final time, I can remember some seri- encing in the U. S. is more widespread and apparently ous competition to fight for that final seat and win the more contagious. However, at this point it has only game. The challenges I see in animal agriculture and resulted in the loss of 23 million birds. That compares agriculture in general remind me of a game of musical to over 50 million birds lost in the 2014-2015 outbreak. chairs. With each serious challenge, the music stops There are probably several factors involved in the lowand, for one reason or another, people leave the field of er number of birds lost so far in this outbreak. The viagriculture. rus has more of an affinity to wild birds. However, as I As I write this article, the morning news was filled have watched this event unfold, I believe that we have with reminders that we can no longer take for grantjust done a better job of responding to this outbreak. ed where our food comes from. The single newscast If you have read many of my articles about dealing mentioned severe, extreme droughts in the western with disease outbreaks, you may recall that I always United States, baby formula shortages, bird flu consay rapid recognition, response and recovery are the tinuing to spread across the United States, a three difference between a costly event and a disaster. thousand head dairy herd in New Mexico being euthUsing lessons learned from the previous outbreak, anized due to water contamination and finally, diesel USDA, along with state departments of agriculture, refuel reaching record-high prices. There is also a long alized that a delay in decision-making and responding list of issues that didn’t make that particular newscast only added fuel to the spread of the disease. Withthat are significant challenges to being able to feed a out going into a great deal of detail, flocks that were growing population. I remember about 10 years ago, determined to be positive were humanely euthanized we were talking about how we would feed the world as and the use of whole house composting dramatically the population grows to a predicted 9 billion people by reduced the chance of the spread of the virus. I also 2050. That was before many of the challenges we face believe that industry was also more prepared to deal today were even on the radar with this outbreak. The loss of screen. 23 million birds is certainly subA 2019 Washington Post stantial. But it is far less than it The current avian influenza outbreak article that had researched could have been. in the U.S. has resulted in the loss of the subject found there had This year, I am serving 23 million birds. been a 30-year decline in as president of the National every single metric they had Assembly of State Veterinarlooked at: the number of ians. And while we have not people involved in agriculture, the net farm income been directly impacted here in Alabama by the current adjusted to inflation, and the amount of land used for outbreak of avian influenza, at least not so far, I have agriculture. Various websites seem to agree that we asked that a group representing State Animal Health are losing about 2000 acres of agricultural land in the Officials work on lessons learned during this outbreak United States to development daily. That doesn’t seem to be even more efficient during the next outbreak of inconsistent with what I see driving around the state. influenza or whatever disease happens to come over Places that were large row crop farms or pastures the the horizon. The ability to work with USDA and other last time I drove through a particular area of the state states throughout our region has helped us to be betare now housing developments or factories. I guess ter prepared to respond to avian influenza as well as that is progress. But to quote that great American, other diseases and natural disasters. Paul Harvey, “Everything we call progress … ain’t.” I believe we must be more efficient in all areas of But in the middle of all these changing and unceranimal agriculture as we go forward. We have made tain times, I see reasons to be optimistic. Avian Influgreat progress over the past decades in being able to enza, especially the highly pathogenic strain, has for produce more food on less land while using less reyears been a major concern for the poultry industry. In sources. We must continue to refine our ability to pro2015 (actually beginning in December 2014), the high duce in the face of drought, high fuel prices, shrinking path avian influenza outbreak cost USDA $850 million land available for agriculture, supply chain issues and for the immediate response. There was an additional animal disease. To me, failure to move in that direction $100 million made available for further preparedness is not an option. We must continue to improve our abilactivities. The total economic loss was well over $1 ity to deal with the challenges we know are out there billion. It was the most expensive animal health incias well as those that could be … like frogs and locusts. dent recorded in U. S. history. And of course, don’t give up the last chair! August/September 2022

Co-op CORNER ANDALUSIA CO-OP EMPLOYEE RECEIVES SCHOLARSHIP LAURA SYLER PURSUES DEGREE AT AUBURN BY J E S S I E S H O O K

18 18 Cooperative Cooperative Farming Farming News News

”

I HAVE LEARNED THE FARMERS COOPERATIVE IS THE HEART OF THE FARMING COMMUNITY. I LOVE THE WORK WE ARE ABLE TO DO AS WE PROVIDE ONGOING SUPPORT TO OUR AREA FARMERS. L A U R A

S Y L E R

Alabama Farmers Cooperative offers two scholLassiter believes that having this scholarship arships to Auburn University students. The Alabama and having employees like Syler is important for the Farmers Cooperative-sponsored Auburn University future of the Co-op. “Keeping the younger generation Scholarship is for beginning freshmen who would involved with our farming community will help us like to work in the Co-op system after graduation. navigate the future,” Lassiter said. “Their eagerness The second scholarship is the John H. and Willodene to learn, their creative ways of thinking, and ability to Mathews Scholarship and it is for students attendadapt to change is where we are currently heading ing the Auburn University College of Agriculture. in our business. Keeping a youthful presence, while The 2022 recipient of the Auburn University maintaining our core Co-op values will keep the CoScholarship was Laura Syler, a current Andalusia op running for years to come.” Farmers Cooperative employee, who plans to pursue When asked where she sees herself in the future, a degree in Agricultural Business and Economics. Syler had one thing in mind – the Co-op. “In CovingSyler is currently the Assistant Bookkeeper at the ton County, the farming community is essential to Andalusia Farmers Cooperative. With this position, our way of life,” Syler said. “Based on my experience she helps the Bookkeeper with daily, weekly and with AFC, I have learned the Farmers Cooperative is monthly duties. These duties include inventory, paythe heart of the farming community. I love the work ing bills and processing accounts, while also helping we are able to do as we provide ongoing support on the counter when she is needed to assist custom- to our area farmers – I’m excited to be part of this ers. organization.” Syler learned of the opportunities within the For more information on Alabama Farmers CoCo-op and the scholarship program and wanted to operative scholarships and how to apply, visit www. take advantage of this chance for career growth. alafarm.com/scholarships. The deadline for the “Through my current position, I have grown to love 2023 scholarships is December 31, 2022. working at the Andalusia Farmers Cooperative,” Syler said. “I thought this was a good opportunity to seek financial assistance to further my education and hopefully further my career at the Co-op.” While attending Auburn, Syler plans to continue working with Andalusia Farmers Cooperative during breaks from school and continue after graduation. “Agricultural Business and Economics will give me Auburn University Scholarship the educational foundation needed to be able to contribute to the important work – Laura Syler of the Co-op,” Syler added. John H. & Willodene Mathews Scholarship Russell Lassiter, General Manager – Kaitlyn Williams of Andalusia Farmers Cooperative, has seen so much potential in Syler through John H. & Willodene Mathews Scholarship her time at the Co-op. “While maintaining – Hayden McWaters her GPA, she also received valuable work John H. & Willodene Mathews Scholarship experience at our Co-op store through her school’s work program,” Lassiter added. – Kaitlin Burroughs “Her determination is valuable, and this scholarship helps make her goal in life attainable.”

2022 ALABAMA FARMERS COOPERATIVE SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS

August/September 2022

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Like millions of older Americans, I struggle with mobility. For years, I watched my quality of life slip away, as I was forced to stay home while friends and family took part in activities I’d once enjoyed. I thought I’d made some progress when I got a mobility scooter, but then I realized how hard it was to transport. Taking it apart and putting it back together was like doing a jigsaw puzzle. Once I had it disassembled, I had to try to put all of the pieces in the trunk of a car, go to wherever I was going, and repeat the process in reverse. Travel scooters were easier to transport, but they were uncomfortable and scary to drive, I always felt like I was ready to tip over. Then I found the So LiteTM Scooter. Now there’s nothing that can hold me back. Years of work by innovative engineers have resulted in a scooter that’s designed with seniors in mind. They created Electronic Stability Control (ESC) that makes it virtually impossible to tip over. If you try to turn too quickly, the scooter automatically slows down to prevent it from tipping over. The battery provides powerful energy at a fraction of the weight of most batteries. With its rugged yet lightweight aluminum frame, the So LiteTM Scooter is the most portable scooter ever—but it can hold up to 275 pounds—yet weighs only 40.8 pounds without the battery! What’s more, it easily folds up for storage in a car seat, trunk or even on an

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Laurie Farms Uriah, AL

Laurie Farms sells locally-grown green and boiled peanuts right on the farm from approximately the first week of August until late September. They sell boiled peanuts in four-pound bags, and green peanuts in 20-pound bags. A delicious South Alabama staple, make plans to visit and purchase your own boiled peanuts from the Laurie family. Please call to ensure availability.

3330 Jeddo Road Uriah, AL 36480 251-593-8815

Facebook: Laurie Farms

August/September 2022

WHAT’S THE POINT WITH GREENPOINT AG

MACHINERY MINUTE: OPTIMIZING THE FERTILIZER PASS BY M A R K E . J O H N S O N Quality application of fertilizers is critical every year, but the spotlight is intense on this field-pass given current input costs this year. No matter the application system used, factors such as weather, humidity, and field conditions can make quality applications difficult to achieve. However, accurate and precise application can be attained by regularly testing for calibration, uniformity, and machine maintenance. Accurate applications are achieved through routine calibration testing. It’s recommended that calibrations are checked biannually at a minimum. This process only takes a few minutes, and any rate-controlled system likely has

a wizard that walks you through these steps. Perform rate calibrations anytime application components are swapped out during repairs. When performing a static test, target <5% error but keep in mind that most systems will have a degree of error depending on the amount of overlap in a respective field. For dry fertilizer systems, ensure the operator is the person measuring the density of the product during calibration. Density has a huge influence on the calibration and on ability of the machine to stay on rate when it gets to the field. On self-propelled machines, if the density measurement is off by 1 lb/ft3, each load of fertilizer applied will be off by about 300 pounds. Another

Machines must be set up properly, and uniformity tests should be performed multiple times throughout the growing season to prevent “streaking” of crops with misapplied areas.

Cooperative Farming News

consideration is that density should be measured at every tender load as this measurement can change from morning to afternoon with changes in humidity and temperature. Precise applications can be attained by testing for uniformity. Blends of fertilizers can be challenging to apply uniformly due to differing material properties in the components to make up these blends. For example, urea has an average density of 48 lb/ft3, while potash is usually around 70lb/ft3. In other words, we are throwing a golf ball and ping-pong ball simultaneously and expecting them to land in the same area of the field. Machines must be set up properly, and uniformity tests should be performed multiple times throughout the growing season to prevent “streaking” of crops with misapplied areas. Always perform a pan test on spinner spreader machines to check uniformity for each type of fertilizer applied. It’s important to check for uniformity of a single swath but also check for an “S” or triple pass pattern on the pan test to see if there is too much overlap. Bag testing should be done to check for uniformity on air-boom machines and can double as the rate calibration procedure, as well. Be wary of buildup in waterfall outlets and dog boxes that could lead to potential clogs during operation. Sprayers should be checked at each nozzle for the target GPM to ensure uniformity. Be sure to check for proper orifice sizes

that enable you to hit the target gallons per acre at operating speed. A well-maintained machine is at an advantage during the hustle of late spring and early summer. Fertilizer is naturally corrosive on mild steel, and no time of the year reveals this more than the hot, humid months of May and June. Take the time to thoroughly wash fertilizer applicators at the end of every day when possible. Even slight amounts of buildup can alter the way a machine was engineered to apply and cause in-field issues. Consider installing preventative maintenance measures to avoid downtime. Some examples of these are Denso tape (a petroleum-based wrap to protect hydraulic fittings), fluid film (a heavy-duty rust inhibitor), and lubricants maintained at the manufacturer’s specifications. This will help keep components functioning properly when you need them the most. While many portions of the fertilizer pass have the potential to go wrong, a little attention to detail can go a long way. It is better to spend an extra 30 minutes before a big job to thoroughly inspect and calibrate your machine than to realize post-application that major problems occurred. GreenPoint Ag’s AccuField application technology team is here to help with your fertilizer application systems. Reach out to your local cooperative for help on your machines, resources, and in-field support.

August/September 2022 2022 August/September

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FFA SENTINEL

INTRODUCING THE ALABAMA FFA'S 2022

NATIONAL OFFICER CANDIDATE: WILL AYCOCK

While learning the FFA Creed in eighth grade, I never pondered on the fact that I would be 20 years old and still grasping the concepts which E.M. Tiffany penned so many years ago. I recall the first time I recited the FFA Creed to my peers in our first-period Agriscience Education class at just past seven-thirty, one morning. Beyond the fact that most of us were half asleep, I questioned what exactly the words of this creed meant yet felt right at home in my blue corduroy jacket. The fact is that through the encounters Through the time invested in my Supervised Agricultural Experience project, I have gained a love for the production agriculture and veterinary medicine industries. With the support and interests of my parents, I have been able to market purebred and commercial swine for students to exhibit in Alabama.

Cooperative Farming News

Pictured is the election of the 2019 - 2022 State FFA Officer Team (as seen left to right Garrett Springs, Ka’Shiya Mckinney, Megan Woodall, Terrance Crayton, Alyssa Glover, Will Aycock)

of my time in the National FFA Organization, I have arrived at an understanding of such. Now not all these experiences have been the most pleasant; however, they all present an opportunity. What I have found is that Mr. Tiffany portrays a passion found in the lifestyle that we farmers and agriculturists choose to live. During my time as a member of the National FFA Organization, I have found that with passion and a chance for the opportunity, the sky is the limit. As the saying goes, “I believe that the best sermons are not preached but rather lived.” During my senior year of high school, I was honored to serve as the Alabama FFA Association’s State President. Throughout the course of the 2019-2020 school year, I was able to travel and visit

over 40 FFA chapters across our great state. The core theme of my workshops revolved around that aspect of what we are passionate about and what opportunities are available. As we would begin to dive deeper into our time of interactions, I noticed one thing. Every FFA member wrote what they were passionate about as something that pertains to our organization. I would agree that is a plus in my book; however, our goal is to develop leaders through agricultural education, not just FFA members. What I have found is that when we identify what we are passionate about, we are able to apply it to the opportunities in our life. I will be very transparent when I say that my passion has transitioned over the years, and I have found a love for simply serving those around me. I began to write this article with a focus on my background and experiences, but I find the lessons I have gained from the National FFA Organization deserve the spotlight. From competing in events such as extemporaneous public speaking to being named State FFA Star Farmer, or even traveling to Spain as a State FFA Officer, I have learned countless lessons and found my purpose in the blue jacket. This is one of the many reasons why I am thankful and excited to represent the Alabama FFA Association as our 2022 National FFA Officer Candidate. As I begin my preparations

As a part of the National FFA Organization’s “International Leadership Seminar for State Officers," nearly fifty state FFA officers from across the United States were able to visit Spain and Portugal. I was blessed to be one of those fifty and was immersed in the culture and industries of these two beautiful countries.

As a freshman in high school, I was able to compete in the FFA Creed Speaking event, placing first in the district contest and second in the state. Pictured is Mr. Whisenant, my middle school FFA advisor.

for the selection process at the 95th Annual National FFA Convention and Expo, I would like to say thank you to all those who have supported me along the way. No words can truly emphasize my eagerness to see where this journey leads, so once again thank you to everyone who has influenced and contributed!

During the Alabama State Department of Education’s 2020 Joint Development Leadership Conference, I was able to present to students about the economic and nutritional impact of beef in the state of Alabama. This presentation was in conjunction with the Alabama Cattlemen’s Association and Auburn University’s Department of Animal Science.

August/September 2022

4-H EXTENSION CORNER

INVESTING IN EXCELLENCE 4-H SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS RECOGNIZED B Y C A R O LY N D R I N K A R D

he Alabama 4-H Foundation Board established a program in 2019 to honor 4-H students with scholarships, based on their exceptional accomplishments and hard work. As a way to continue its investment in excellence, the 4-H Foundation announced two more endowed scholarships of $1500 each in 2022. “We are super excited to have added two additional endowed Alabama 4-H scholarships this year,” said Nancy Alexander, 4-H Extension Specialist. “The Barbara D. Thorne Endowment Scholarship and the

Beth & Dr. Thomas Elliot 4-H Scholarship each upped our overall annual scholarship giving to $40,000.00 in 2022.” To qualify for these scholarships, applicants submitted their 4-H story with a resume and a recommendation letter. The selection committee then based its awards on each student’s 4-H involvement and previous participation. This is different from other scholarships, which are based on a student’s GPA or standardized testing score. Three endowed Alabama 4-H scholarships were also awarded.

”

WE ARE SUPER EXCITED TO HAVE ADDED TWO ADDITIONAL ENDOWED ALABAMA 4-H SCHOLARSHIPS THIS YEAR. THE BARBARA D. THORNE ENDOWMENT SCHOLARSHIP AND THE BETH & DR. THOMAS ELLIOT 4-H SCHOLARSHIP EACH UPPED OUR OVERALL ANNUAL SCHOLARSHIP GIVING TO $40,000.00 IN 2022. Nancy Alexander, 4-H Extension Specialist

Cooperative Farming News

Abigail Lee of Covington County 4-H received the Ann Barr 4-H Scholarship ($2,000, Auburn University Administered). Abigail plans to attend Auburn University to major in Biomedical Sciences. Whether competing, being an ambassador, or even participating in the youth council, Abigail loved every aspect of 4-H. “I feel like I have flourished as a 4-H'er,” she stated, “and I know that 4-H has provided me with unique opportunities that positively impacted my character. 4-H has shaped me into the person I am today, and I know that the lessons I have learned through 4-H will stay with me for the rest of my life.”

The first recipient of the Barbara D. Thorne 4-H Endowment ($1,500) was Willow Sayles from Etowah County 4-H. Willow said that 4-H had made her a better leader. Willow plans to attend the University of North Alabama for a degree in Pre-Professional Health Biology.

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I LEARNED THAT IN ORDER TO TRULY BE A LEADER IN MY SCHOOL, COMMUNITY AND WORLD, I MUST SERVE IT. 4-H HAS MADE ME A BETTER SPEAKER, A BETTER LEADER AND A BETTER SERVANT FOR MY CLUB, MY COMMUNITY, AND MY WORLD.

Willow Sayles

”

I KNOW THAT 4-H HAS PROVIDED ME WITH UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES THAT POSITIVELY IMPACTED MY CHARACTER. 4-H HAS SHAPED ME INTO THE PERSON I AM TODAY, AND I KNOW THAT THE LESSONS I HAVE LEARNED THROUGH 4-H WILL STAY WITH ME FOR THE REST OF MY LIFE.

Abigail Lee

The first recipient of the Barbara D. Thorne 4-H Endowment ($1,500) was Willow Sayles from Etowah County 4-H. Willow said that 4-H had made her a better leader. “I learned that in order to truly be a leader in my school, community and world, I must serve it,” Willow explained. “4-H really gave me the voice and platform I didn’t know that I needed. 4-H has made me a better speaker, a better leader, and a better servant for my club, my community, and my world.” Willow plans to attend the University of North Alabama for a degree in Pre-Professional Health Biology. The Beth & Dr. Thomas Elliott 4-H Endowed Scholarship ($1,500) was awarded to Suzanne Feist, a member of Winston County 4-H. Suzanne will attend Auburn University to major in Aerospace Engineering. Suzanne said that 4-H was like her second family. “4-H has presented me with a myriad of opportunities August/September 2022

The Beth & Dr. Thomas Elliott 4-H Endowed Scholarship ($1,500) was awarded to Suzanne Feist, a member of Winston County 4-H. Suzanne will attend Auburn University to major in Aerospace Engineering.

Colton Cook of Tallapoosa County 4-H received one of the 4-H Foundation Scholarships for $1,000. Colton plans to attend Jacksonville State University to major in Music Education.

4-H HAS PRESENTED ME WITH A MYRIAD OF OPPORTUNITIES TO GROW AS A PERSON. I GOT TO LEARN FROM REAL-LIFE EXPERIENCES THAT MADE ME A WELL-ROUNDED INDIVIDUAL.

4-H OFFERS ENDLESS OPPORTUNITIES TO MAKE YOURSELF A BETTER PERSON. I WILL REFLECT ON MY TIME IN 4-H FONDLY, AND I WILL ALWAYS BE AN ADVOCATE FOR THIS WONDERFUL ORGANIZATION.

to grow as a person,” she stated. “I got to learn from real-life experiences that made me a well-rounded individual. With every step of the way, I had 4-H agents and volunteers, as well as peers, who would help me out when I needed it. 4-H changed my life by showing me what it is to be independent and to belong.” Colton Cook of Tallapoosa County 4-H received one of the 4-H Foundation Scholarships for $1,000. Colton plans to attend Jacksonville State University to major in Music Education. “4-H has always been a place to belong,” Colton said. “4-H offers endless opportunities to make yourself a better person. For myself, I have taken as many of them as possible, and they have changed my life. I will reflect on my time in 4-H fondly, and I will always be an advocate for this wonderful organization.” The Alabama 4-H Foundation awarded 34 other $1,000 scholarships to the following outstanding students: Marie Downey, (Autauga); Courtney Roberts, (Calhoun); Hannah Yeager, (Chambers); Hunter Watson, (Cherokee); Regan Williams, (Clarke); Holly Johnson, (Clay); Emily Strickland, (Coffee); Blair Wyrosdick, (Cof-

fee); Hattin Berryman, (Colbert); Anna-Kathryn Robinson, (Conecuh); Terry King, II, (Dallas); Lindy Southers, (DeKalb); Cami Cleveland, (Etowah); Sierra Bennett, (Etowah); Anais Shelley, (Henry); Kristen Walker, (Lauderdale); Josie Jones, (Lawrence); Katie Jett, (Lawrence); Neely Stewart, (Lee); Victoria Thompson, (Lee); Alexis Steele, (Limestone); Anna Rios, (Marengo); Sierra Ratcliff, (Marengo); Marcel van der Wel, (Marshall); Malik Cooper, (Monroe); Ruth Johnson, (Morgan); Briley Newman, (Pickens); Jheran Turner, (Pike); Natalie Ruha, (Shelby); Caymen Barron, (Talladega); John Wesley Garris, (Talladega); Blake Harris, (Tallapoosa); Hunter Garland, (Washington); and Leah Kate Owens, (Washington). “Alabama is truly blessed to have the support of the Alabama 4-H Foundation and their commitment to recognizing and supporting outstanding Alabama 4-H’ers statewide,” Nancy Alexander added. Even though 4-H Foundation scholarships reward 4-H members for their hard work, they also represent a wise investment in the future by helping today’s youth become tomorrow’s leaders.

”

Suzanne Feist

Cooperative Farming News

”

Colton Cook

PALS

ROCKWELL ELEMENTARY JOINS THE CLEAN CAMPUS PROGRAM BY JA M I E M I T C H E L L

Students in Chambers County were able to hear our anti-litter message just in time for the spring “Don’t Drop it on Alabama” Cleanup.

Fall is always a favorite time of year for us at Alabama PALS. We love the fresh start of a new school year as the Clean Campus Program kicks off at many schools in the state. It is also the season for schools that participated last year to send in their scrapbooks for our Annual Governor’s Awards. The first-place winning school wins a $1,000 scholarship for their efforts with the program and will be recognized at the awards luncheon in November. Fall is a perfect time for schools that have never participated in the Clean Campus Program to enroll and have me come speak to their students about litter prevention and cleanup. I was able to speak in person to over 25 schools last school year and hope to be back up to my normal visits of 40-50 schools in the 2022-23 school year. Our presentation is a perfect way to cover environmental education and plant seeds for the students to become lifelong stewards of our state and communities. One of the schools I visited last school year was

Rockwell Elementary in Spanish Fort. Their student government group met with me to learn more ways they could participate in cleanups and litter prevention opportunities on their campus. We discussed that they are the leaders of the school and ways they could convey the anti-litter message to their peers. Each of the students in my presentation was given a pencil made from recycled newspaper and a sheet of stickers to help spread the word. We are thrilled that Rockwell Elementary is now a part of the Clean Campus Program! If a school near you would like to join or rejoin the program, have them visit www.alpals.org to learn more! They may also call or email to schedule a speaking session at (334) 263-7737 or jamie@alpals.org. Schools are always a great place to start with litter prevention and education. All Alabama PALS programs are free to schools and volunteers thanks to our state partnerships and corporate sponsors. August/September 2022

R E S E A R C H E Q U A L S R E S ULT S

I M PE R IA L WHI T E TAI L ANNUA L S Whitetail Institute annuals produce high-protein tonnage for antler growth, unmatched attraction during the hunting season and sustained production in winter months. Each annual is expertly developed to match your specific needs. Includes seeds only available in Whitetail Institute products.

SUPPORT YOUR LOCAL CO-OP FOR ALL YOUR WHITETAIL INSTITUTE FOOD PLOT NEEDS

FUTURE LEADERS PROGRAM Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc.

AFC’s Future Leaders Program is designed to provide our cooperative system the next generation of key employees, equipped to handle the challenges of agribusiness management. FLPs will be exposed to all aspects of the Co-op, as well as the opportunity to attend organized training sessions. Through a variety of store experience and continued education, the FLPs will gain the tools needed to be successful in the agribusiness sector. Continuing Education

For more information on this program please contact Samantha Hendricks at

samantha.hendricks@alafarm.com

Cooperative Farming News

Customer Service Crop Nutrients and Feed Team Building Merchandising Sales and Finance

Benefits

Health/Vision/Dental Insurance Vacation and Sick Leave Competitive Salaries 401k Matching Life Insurance

August/September 2022

OUTDOOR LOGIC WITH BIOLOGIC

CALLING MATURE BUCKS

THE RIGHT SOUND AT THE RIGHT TIME BY T O D D A M E N R U D

Learning to read whitetail body language is a key to being good at calling them. You need to know whether you’ve made the correct sound or whether you need to change or call again. Watch their ears to know whether they’ve heard you or not. (Photo Credit: Tom Reichner)

Cooperative Farming News

While talking with several wildlife biologists regarding whitetail vocalizations, I’ve learned some new things in recent years. I learned that we are only beginning to understand about what their “vocabulary” means. I don't have the sophisticated listening equipment that some of these biologists do, but I have observed and studied whitetails for quite some time. I do know for sure that - whitetails vocalize to communicate a variety of socially-important information and their sounds vary in pitch and intensity. However, most importantly, I know they can be called to us by imitating these sounds. Aside from a doe and her young fawns in the spring, whitetails are most vocal during the fall months and breeding season. Making the right sound at the right time can be an exciting way to fill a tag. To understand a whitetail’s vocalizations we need to be familiar with their sense of hearing. After all, it's their hearing that we’re trying to reach when using a call. The average hunter would say that a whitetail has much better hearing than a human does. Actually, our eardrum is more sophisticated. Humans have the capabilities to pick up higher pitch and lower pitch frequencies. However, imagine if you had two huge, open-ended cones with which you could direct and cup sound. Because of the style of their ears, they are much better at pinpointing sounds and separating noises. My point - during a stint in a treestand you may have trouble hearing an approaching buck walking in the leaves because of the squirrels scampering around underneath you. Or, you may have trouble hearing a whitetail grunt because of traffic sounds on a nearby highway. A whitetail, however, can distinguish and pinpoint the location of those sounds much better than we can. As far as the often asked question, "How loud should I blow my call?" The short answer is - about as loud as you would if you were trying to get another human to hear at that same distance, maybe a little less. That doesn’t mean if you’ve got a whitetail standing at 500 yards you want to blow the guts out of your grunt call. I guess a better answer would be, “Make the sound the same volume that a whitetail would.” Adult deer communicate through grunts, bleats,

Mature bucks will usually swing downwind to scent-check an area once they have the sound pinpointed. The author suggests placing some scent out crosswind of your location to confirm to the buck that it was another deer that made the sound. Notice the wick soaked with scent on the branch above the buck. (Photo Credit: Paul Marion)

bawls, bellows, snorts, hisses and wheezes. The two most common sounds are grunts and bleats. Varying the tone, length or volume can give them very different meanings. Both bucks and does make both grunts and bleats. Two very common vocalizations are what some call the "contact bleat" and “attention grunt.” The contact bleat just simply means, "Here I am." The attention grunt I believe takes it a step further and means, "Here I am, come to me” or, “Come follow me.” Both of these sounds can be made on a number of blown through, adjustable O-ring type calls or bleat cans. Possibly the most commonly-heard vocalization during the breeding season is a tending grunt. It can

As far as the often asked question, "How loud should I blow my call?" The short answer is - about as loud as you would if you were trying to get another human to hear at that same distance, maybe a little less. August/September 2022 2022 August/September

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deer making it. I would have to describe it as almost like a buck “bark.” This is an assertive sound in the whitetail world. Even though this is an aggressive sound, you will be amazed at how well bucks are drawn to it. Another vocalization that I've also had success using is a "breeding bellow." An estrus doe makes the breeding bellow when she is ready to breed. I've only heard this hair-raising vocalization several times in the wild but I’ve listened to it being made by captive does many times. Although I hear this most often with captive does, this call has worked for me numerous times in the wild. It's an urgent sound that resembles a long sheep baa. It means, "Hey baby, I'm over here and I'M READY NOW!” You can make this sound on several calls. A bleat-can will work but it doesn’t quite Here the author poses with a nice 5x5 that was called into range using an estrus bleat that capture the volume, pitch fluctuation or tone he made with his voice. The buck came in intently searching for the source. (Photo Credit: of the real deal. Todd Amenrud) Years ago, I used to sit outside my buddy’s deer pens and listen to the does make last from a fraction of a second to over a second and this sound and then try to repeat it. I can actually has a different tone. This grunt sound differs from make it best with my own voice. Several years ago, the attention grunt in that it sounds more nasal and I harvested a respectable 145-inch 5x5 using this smooth where the attention grunt is throaty and has sound. He was skirting me about 100 yards out so I a “clicking” sound to it. This sound is made by bucks thought what the heck. It actually brought him in on either when following an estrus doe (or a doe about an intense run to search out the source of the sound. to come into estrus), while he's checking different I drove an arrow through both lungs as he stopped 18 does to see if they are in estrus, when following a yards away probing the brush for the doe that made trail made by an estrus doe or when trailing a doe the sound. during the chase phase of the rut. I've had very little There’s also a very social buck call some refer to luck calling deer to me with this call. as a “buck bawl.” Not to be confused with a distress Aggressive sounds like the "snort-wheeze” or bawl, the call I believe is basically a "buck bleat." "aggravated-grunt" will intimidate or alarm many Some call it a bawl probably because it is louder than deer. However, I've used the aggravated-grunt, or what some call the "growl-grunt,” to call larger, mature a typical social bleat. It sounds more as if the noise should be coming from a sheep than a whitetail. Late bucks to me numerous times. This sound is a longer, season is the only time I've had this call work for me. drawn-out grunt that is phrased somewhat like a Alarm calls or distress calls tend to be very loud in growl. It’s not as common as other whitetail vocalcomparison to other whitetail communication. Most izations, yet I've heard it many times in the wild. It is common to hear before a confrontation between two whitetail hunters have heard a snort. There are several different variations of the snort. Some mean danger mature bucks. Their hair gets bristled up, they do a funny-looking stiff-legged walk and they posture each and some are aggressive sounds. I have called whiteother side to side trying to intimidate their opponent. tail into bow range using a snort. If they snort at me, I It is often made in combination with other aggressive snort right back at them and I suppose their curiosity snorts or sniff-wheeze sounds and means "I'm king of has gotten the better of them. More often than vocally, whitetail communicate the hill, hit the trail buddy!" through smells or body language. In fact, a key to The “Buck Roar” from Primos is a call that is becoming good at calling deer is learning to underdesigned specifically for aggressive buck sounds. stand or “read” body language. You need to know This call was initially intended to do another unique whether or not you've blown the right call, or whether buck vocalization dubbed the “roar” but will work to do several different buck calls. Some may have heard you should change calls or try again. Watch their body posture, their tail positions, movements, and their this “roar” sound in the wild and not known it was a 34

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overall demeanor to tell if you've "hit a nerve." Watch their ears when you blow your call. If their ears are still searching, you probably need to blow the call again and possibly a little louder. When their ears lock in on your position, stop calling. Your call has been heard, and the "kiss of death" can be over-calling. Use other stimuli in conjunction with calling. Use rattling, scent, decoys, or better yet – “the combination” in conjunction with your rattling. Usually a mature buck will swing downwind and scent-check the area before he closes the distance. He’s heard “deer sounds,” now if he swings downwind and smells “deer smells” it appeals to another sense and makes the situation seem more real. Now what if he swings downwind and satisfies his sense of smell but also sees another deer (your decoy)…get the picture? What makes a situation seem real to you? The more senses you appeal to the more the condition seems real. Match the scent to the situation – for instance, if you’re making an estrus bleat close to the rut, a little Special Golden Estrus placed out crosswind from your location can help seal the deal. Or, if it’s early season and you are making soft, social buck grunts, a plain buck urine or curiosity scent like Trail’s End #307 will help you to seal the deal. Keep your ears open and listen to them commu-

Humans actually have a more sophisticated eardrum than a deer. However, deer can collect more sound with their two huge open-ended cones, and with their head stationary, they can still scan their ears 360°. Because of the style of their ears, they are much better at pinpointing and separating sounds. (Photo Credit: Dennis W Donohue)

nicate for yourself. There is no doubt, a whitetail is a social animal, and calls are one tool we can use to get closer to them.

Office - 601-928-5309 and 601-928-5308 | Registerbarns21@gmail.com 321 Madison Avenue, Wiggins, MS 39577

40’ x 60’ x 12’ - Installed Roof only, Open Gables - $11,500 + tax and delivery Roof only, (2) Closed Gables $13,300 + tax and delivery 30’ x 40’ x 10’ - Installed Roof Only, Open Gables - $7,500 + tax and delivery Roof only, (2) Closed Gables - $8,900 + tax and delivery

August/September 2022

STACY LYN'S STRAWBERRY JAM Ingredients: 4 cups strawberries, hulled and halved 4 cups sugar 1 lemon (juiced) or 2 Tablespoons lemon juice 1 pouch liquid pectin Pinch of salt Directions: In a large stockpot add the strawberries and sugar and cook over medium-low heat until the berries dissolve. Stir in the lemon. Once the mixture thickens and reaches 220 F, stir the pectin into the strawberries. Allow the pectin to boil for one minute without stirring and remove from the heat. Add a pinch of salt and stir. Divide the strawberry jam to sterilized jars leaving 1/2-inch headroom. Place lids on and allow the jam to come to room temperature. Store jam in the refrigerator for a month, in the freezer for 6 months to a year, or proceed to water bath canning method to preserve for 18 months.

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About Stacy Lyn Harris Stacy Lyn Harris is a best-selling cookbook author, blogger, TV personality, public speaker, wife and mother of seven children. She currently lives in Pike Road, Alabama, with her husband Scott and their children. Stacy Lyn regularly appears on cable and broadcast television as a guest chef and sustainable living expert. Her critically-acclaimed “Harvest Cookbook” was published in 2017 and contains many of her family’s favorite recipes, along with stories from her life growing up in the Black Belt and tips she’s learned along the way.

FARMING YOUR FOREST

Thinned pine plantations not only increase timber production, they also allow sunlight to reach the ground which results in vegetation that is beneficial to wildlife.

MANAGING YOUR FOREST TO ATTRACT WILDLIFE HUNTING B Y B I L LY RY E The most famous Alabamian of all time, Forrest Gump, said that he and Jenny went together like peas and carrots. Some things just seem to fit naturally. Improving wildlife habitat while managing for timber is one of those natural fits. You can greatly increase the opportunities for hunting with only slight tweaks to your existing timber management plans. Below are 10 practices that we believe can be easily implemented on your property to attract wildlife for hunting.

1. PINE PLANTATION THINNING

Foresters typically manage groups of trees known as stands. Stands of pines that were planted at the same time are known as pine plantations. These plantations are typically thinned at regular intervals to keep the stand healthy and improve growth rate. Thinning the pine plantations allows more room between the crowns or tops of trees so that they can grow without competition for sunlight for a few years. After the pine stands are thinned, August/September 2022

more sunlight reaches the ground which in turn stimulates new vegetation to grow. The resulting vegetation is higher in both quantity and quality for many species of wildlife. Desirable plants such as green brier, blackberry, partridge pea, woolly croton, and ragweed will often occupy the ground level of the pine plantation following a thin. This increase in desirable vegetation attracts more wildlife to the recently thinned areas. With time, the crown or tops of the pines will grow together and once again restrict the amount of available sunlight. This will reduce the amount of vegetation available for wildlife and another thin should be considered at that time. Foresters often thin pine stands slightly heavier if wildlife habitat is a major objective when compared to managing strictly for timber production. Discuss the method, timing, and pricing of thinning with your consultant forester to reach your objective. 2. PRESCRIBED BURNING Not all fire is bad. In fact, fire is a natural part of our ecosystem. Properly timed and conducted, prescribed burns can help reduce wildfire hazard, reduce competition to pine trees, improve aesthetics and improve wildlife habitat. Controlled burning improves wildlife habitat by changing the vegetation present to a community that is more beneficial for most game species. Burning cycles vary but most are implemented on a one- to three-year interval. We have found that the incidence of sweetgum will increase over time if the burn interval is three years or longer. Therefore, you may need to supplement your burning with chemical control or switch to a two-year burn cycle to reduce the occurrence of this undesirable species. Pine trees have characteristics which make them fire tolerant. Most species of hardwood are much more susceptible to damage

from fires so discuss the potential adverse impacts to your future timber production with a consulting forester prior to burning your hardwoods. Be sure to contract with a Certified Burn Manager to conduct your burns and require them to produce a Prescribed Burn Plan that includes a Smoke Screening System.

3. MID-ROTATION HERBICIDE

Mid-rotation herbicide treatments were originally researched as a method of improving the return on investment of pine plantations. In addition to improving economic returns for the pines, researchers also found that mid-rotation herbicides resulted in increased production of quality deer forage, improved nesting and brood-rearing habitats for game birds, and even improved the habitat for some nongame bird species whose populations were in decline. The usual timing for a mid-rotation herbicide is about a year after the first thinning (age 15-18) and is applied in either August or September. Only one treatment during the life of the pine plantation is usually needed to bolster the wildlife habitat especially when combined with prescribed burning. Be sure to consult with an expert in forest herbicides to obtain a prescription that is customized to your pine plantation.

4. STRATEGIC CLEAR-CUTTING

Commercial clear-cutting has a stigma with most of the public. Often, it is associated with a “Cut out and get out” mentality and confused with deforestation. Neither is true of most clear-cuts in Alabama. When properly applied, this type of harvest imitates the natural forces which regenerate new and healthy forests. Clear-cuts allow sunlight to reach the ground which results in a plant community that is rich in wildlife habitat. Wildlife biologists will often prescribe a clear-cut for no other reason than to improve wildlife habitat. You will probably need a minimum clear-cut size of 30 acres to secure a modern logger for your harvest and you should consider the type, age, and size of the forests on adjoining properties when choosing a location. Employing a full-time consulting forester will increase your chances of having a successful sale.

5. EARLY SUCCESSIONAL OPENING Control burning under a pine plantation can greatly improve the habitat for wildlife by top killing woody shrubs and exposing bare ground. The shrubs that resprout and the legumes, forbs, etc. that germinate on the bare ground provide a rich source of food for wildlife.

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Early successional openings are habitat with vigorously growing grasses and forbs which provide excellent food and cover for wildlife but need disturbance to be maintained. These openings can be created following a commercial clear-cut or created

within existing forests by pushing existing vegetation aside with a crawler tractor. Burning is the most cost-effective method to maintain them in an early succession state of vegetation. They should be burned every other year and occasionally the burning may need to be supplemented with chemical or mechanical control of undesirable species. Wildlife biologists suggest that these openings be relatively large (3-5 acres) and be evenly distributed across your property. Early successional openings are particularly attractive to deer as they are natural browsers and eat as they walk. These openings are not as visually attractive as manicured food plots but are preferred by wildlife.

the proper sex, size, or age specimen to harvest so that the health of the population is maintained. The landings used by loggers to load their trucks during timber harvesting can make excellent locations for these plots. Invest in a soil survey and follow its recommendations for fertilizing and liming. Avoid pre-mixed seed and discuss your specific situation with a wildlife biologist for a seed mixture that is customized for your situation. Be sure to locate your snack plots well inside your property to reduce the amount of poaching.

7. SHORTLEAF PINE

Shortleaf pine is one of four species of pine in the Southern Yellow Pine group. Unlike other species of Southern Yellow Pine, it has buds which will sprout when the tree is wounded. This feature allows forest managers to burn stands of shortleaf earlier than those composed of loblolly pine. Some managers burn shortleaf stands from age 1-3 to reduce competition from natural loblolly pine and to maintain early succession habitat longer. To benefit wildlife, burning should be reintroduced at age 6 and applied every two years thereafter. According to the Shortleaf Pine Initiative, the high diversity and number of herbaceous understory plants and wildlife found in shortleaf savannahs and woodlands is sustained with frequent prescribed burns. Shortleaf pine produces high quality lumber by growing slower than other species of Southern Yellow Pine. Be sure to consider this reduced economic rate of return when deciding which species to plant.

8. TREE INJECTION

Large areas (3-5 acres) of natural vegetation which are maintained in an early successional plant community are highly preferred by wildlife. Annual burning is the least expensive method of maintaining these openings.

6. SNACK PLOTS

You probably refer to these openings as “food plots." However, natural resource managers understand that these “plots” don’t produce enough food to sustain an entire population of wildlife. Therefore, these are more aptly referred to as a “snack” plot or a “harvesting” plot. The tillage, fertilizer, seed, sowing, and herbicide work can make these snack plots expensive to install and maintain. However, snack plots do have their place in managing populations of wildlife. As the desired game species are attracted to the plots, the hunter can then select

Forest stands will almost always contain individual trees that are undesirable for timber production or for wildlife habitat. Removing the unwanted trees so that your preferred trees can thrive may be challenging. Most loggers aren’t interested in removing low value trees from hardwood or mixed stands and felling the trees yourself can be time-consuming and dangerous. One method that we have seen successfully applied to larger trees is the tree injection method. This method typically involves the use of a hatchet or machete and a squirt bottle. Tree injection involves making downward cuts into the bark of the tree to be treated and squirting the desired chemical into the cut. While there are multiple concoctions of chemical available for tree injection, most involve the chemical Imazapyr. Be sure to follow the label on the chosen chemical while mixing, applying and when cleaning up. The advantage of tree injection is the low cost and the fact that most landowners can do this work themselves as time alAugust/September 2022

lows. I recommend that you only inject trees whose crown or top is directly competing with your desired tree. Discuss with a wildlife biologist which trees to favor for your target game species.

9. PERMANENT FIRELANES

Permanent firelanes are used to protect trees from wildfire, increase access, facilitate prescribed burning and provide wildlife habitat. Firelanes are usually installed along the perimeter of pine stands and some larger properties have them located at regular intervals. Most permanent firelanes are created with a crawler tractor and should be at least 10’ wide. They should be installed using the recommendations found in "Alabama’s Best Management Practices for Forestry" if they are located on sloped areas. To improve wildlife habitat and to reduce erosion, I recommend that you regularly plant, fertilize and even lime as needed. The seed mixture that you plant can vary based on your soil, species of wildlife you are managing for, and amount of sunlight reaching the ground. A soil survey is inexpensive and can save you a lot of money by listing what types of plants will grow and providing fertilizer and liming rates.

This landowner planted her firelane (above) with a cool season mixture that would remain green during the winter to facilitate prescribed burning. She also used a combination of a mid-rotation herbicide and regular prescribed burning to create a plant community that is highly desirable for wildlife.

10. STREAMSIDE MANAGEMENT ZONES

A Streamside Management Zone (SMZ) is a strip of land adjacent to a stream or stream channel that is managed to protect soil and water quality. The primary benefit of an SMZ is to keep excessive sediment out of a stream and to maintain a relatively constant water temperature. Timber may be removed from within designated SMZs but the harvesting should retain at least 50% of the original canopy. "Alabama’s Best Management Practices for 40

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Streamside Management Zones refer to the areas where trees are retained adjacent to streams to protect soil and water quality. Wildlife will use these areas as travel corridors particularly if they are wider than the recommended minimum distance from the bank of the stream and have no trees removed.

Forestry" provides recommendations on the implementation and management of SMZs. Consider retaining SMZs that are larger and possibly removing very few or even no trees from the SMZ if wildlife habitat is the primary objective. For wildlife purposes, a good rule of thumb for SMZs is 66 feet from the bank on each side of the stream. Wildlife habitat improvements can be easily incorporated into your existing timber management program. By making minor adjustments to provide for the needs of your desired species of wildlife, you can greatly increase the opportunities for hunting on your property. One might say that the two go together like peas and carrots.

Together we grow.

alabamafarmcredit.com August/September 2022

SHEPHERDING OUTDOORS

PICKENS COUNTY FARM NO ELECTRICITY B Y WA LT M E R R E L L My wife, Hannah, grew up in Andalusia, Alabama. It is a small, quiet town that may be most well known for her mother, Brenda Gantt, the sweet little old lady who found internet fame by teaching the world how to make biscuits and for the fact that “we pass through it on the way to Destin.” Brenda spent her toddler years in Pickens County, but “grew up” in Northport, Alabama. Her father, Cecil Hicks, was born a sharecropper’s son and they made their livelihood in the sandy

loam fields and in the flood plain of Coal Fire Creek, a dozen or so miles outside of Carrolton, Alabama. Cecil and his wife, Flo, were married in 1944 in Lucedale, Mississippi by a justice of the peace. Cecil was 23 and Flo was 17. Cecil worked in the shipyards for a year or so while they lived in Fairhope in an apartment. Flo said, “We had the most beautiful views of the sunset that I ever did see.” The apartment overlooked Mobile Bay, from near the foot of Fairhope Avenue,

The First Hicks Family Farmhouse

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just atop the bluff that stands guard over what is now the Fairhope Pier. Soon enough though, the war efforts started winding down and they moved back to the Hicks family farm in the Springhill area of Pickens County, Alabama. Flo always remarked that “it was a long way from Fairhope to Pickens County.” Having been to both, I know that her assessment was true in mileage and community. Cecil grew up in a farming family. They row cropped “about 80 acres back in those days” he once told me. “We also ran cattle and had an old mule to turn the ground and pull wagons. Corn mostly,” he offered, “but we also grew field peas and potatoes, and we had a big turnip patch. We only ate what we could grow or shoot. So, we ate a lot of yard birds, a few deer and a turkey every now and then, too. We sold the calves.” Times were simpler, I suspect, in the mid-1940s in Pickens County, Alabama. Enviously simple, I’d imagine. Quiet nights filled with the song of the whippoorwill accompanied by the chorus of a thousand crickets and clear blue-sky days clouded only by the dust of the plow and the mist of the morning fog … much different from today. Crickets are drowned out by passing semi-trucks and the clarity that comes from the peace of mind of simple living is clouded by the clutter of the internet. “I’ve seen a lot of change in my life,” Flo once remarked … “Oh, yes Lord. A lot of change,” as she shook her head and walked back into the kitchen of Cecil and Flo, and their three children, Brenda, Steve and Kenneth her Northport home. Cecil loved to speak of the change he’d seen in his velvety green recliner, so as to have a better ability his lifetime too … sometimes good and sometimes to “deliver” the story. The fire crackled in the fireplace bad. He was generally a light-hearted and jovial man … behind him as he drew us all in … “I always knew when shorter than most men, and a bit more portly too, and it was coming on near time for lunch because I could his personality fit the stereotype that such statured see the smoke from the fire.” The fields he plowed men usually carry. He most surrounded their wood sided, often had a smile, and he stick built, country home took pleasure in seeing other … nothing more than a few Quiet nights filled with the song of the people smile. He loved to tell rooms heated by wood fires whippoorwill accompanied by the chorus a story … and no indoor plumbing. “I remember one morning, “When I saw the smoke that of a thousand crickets and clear blue-sky Hannah” – he shared this stomeant I needed to get to a days clouded only by the dust of the plow ry with her several times. “I stopping point and go on up and the mist of the morning fog … much was out working in the fields. to the house and draw water different from today. It was spring and we were to wash up.” turning the ground getting “With the mule being ready to plant. That ole mule stubborn and all, I had was being stubborn, and I was having to work a lot worked up a pretty good appetite. We’d set off a row harder than I wanted too.” His smiled crescented the … the whole time I was walking towards the house … lower half of his face as the wrinkles around his eyes and I couldn’t see any smoke. Then we’d turn the other drew tight with fond recollections … “We were setting way and we’d set off the next row. I just knew that out rows and the mule must have gotten into the by the time I got to the end and turned around again, neighbor’s mash because he sure didn’t want to walk a there would be smoke coming from the stove pipe. But straight line that day!” We all chuckled as he sat up in every time … no smoke.” August/September 2022

Cecil described the dust caking to his cheeks as the morning wore on and how the perch of the sun in the midday sky said it surely was noon or later. The coolness of the morning air had long faded and the only thing hotter than his brow was his temper … “I was so mad and hungry I finally threw those plow handles down, hollered at the mule, and marched across the field to the house. I didn’t even bother to wash up … just stormed up onto the porch and straight into the house.” He chuckled a little as he looked around the room to make sure we were all still listening intently. “When I went through the door, I realized what had happened … and thank the good Lord I managed to figure it out before I raised any Cain and put my foot in my mouth!” Cecil said that coming through the back door, he saw a bowl of piping hot field peas, some corn bread and a few pieces of country fried deer steak in the center of the tablecloth covered round table. Flo was finishing up washing a few dishes at the double basined, cast-iron sink that sat below the single paned window. She stared out the window overlooking the field where he worked. Behind her, their beautiful new, white enamel, General Electric stove that had been delivered the day before. “Yes, Lord… a lot of change,” Flo said from the other room, as the rest of us laughed at Cecil’s forgetful

Hannah and Cecil riding horses on the farm

adjustment to the changing times. But sometimes, the more things change, the more they stay the same … Through the years, the farm had become less of a farm and more of a retreat. Hunting trips in winter and play-cations during the summer. And through the years, not much changed, except the world around it …. Electricity is still about the only modern amenity at the old farmhouse now. No cable. No central heat or air conditioning. No internet and no telephone … and in the kitchen sits the very same General Electric stove

George, Cecil and Flo on the back porch in the early 2000s.

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that the good Lord provided under those crystal-clear blue skies … unpolluted by the clutter of modern-day conveniences … and they had the time of their lives. And of course, all of the family have been back to that old dust covered farmhouse more times than anyone can remember. It’s where Hannah learned to ride a horse. It’s where Bay and Cape both killed their first buck. We chased rabbits and killed water moccasins, trailed deer through the briar patch and saw eagles soar. We shot coyotes and watched bucks fight. Cape even called up her first bobcat in one of those fields. We froze our tails off and hiked out of the midnight woods to the warm glow of the lamp light of the old farmhouse … always welcoming us back, no matter how long we’d been away. That old farmhouse is where we found God in all His glory, uncorrupted by man. A lot has changed since 1944 … but thankfully, not everything. For that old Pickens County farm is where we went shepherding outdoors … more than a few times.

Cape's First Bobcat

… it still works today almost as good as it did all those years ago. That’s not to say that all of those modern conveniences aren’t available in Pickens County. They are. But, Cecil and Flo never felt obliged to embrace those changes, instead preferring that the simplicity of life remain intact at their old Pickens County farmhouse. Some years later, George and Brenda took our girls, and their other grandchildren, to Pickens County for a weeklong summer vacation. Brenda cooked on that old stove while George tended to chores that needed doing around the farm. All of the kids played in the yard … they hunted Big Foot; made supper in a dirt kitchen out under two cedar trees; caught fireflies at night and painted their faces … and they soaked up all

Walt Merrell writes about life, family and faith. An avid hunter and outdoorsman, he enjoys time “in the woods or on the water” with his wife Hannah, and their three girls, Bay, Cape and Banks. They also manage an outdoors-based ministry called Shepherding Outdoors. Follow their adventures on Facebook, Instagram and YouTube at Shepherding Outdoors. You can email him at shepherdingoutdoors@gmail.com.

Bay's First Deer

August/September 2022

MOSSY OAK

GAMEKEEPER KENNELS

PRODUCING A HUNTER’S BEST FRIEND, IN THE FIELD AND IN THEIR HEARTS BY J E S S I E S H O O K

ritish Labrador Retrievers are known for their calm, quiet demeanor, and their natural game-finding ability – the perfect combination for a hunter’s best friend. Mossy Oak Gamekeeper Kennels specializes in breeding and training British Labrador Retrievers with the intention of producing the finest hunting labs possible. Located in West Point, Mississippi, Mossy Oak Kennels imports their labs directly from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. “These labs are descended from highly trained hunting stock with multiple field trial champions or field trial winners in their pedigree,” said Bill Gibson, Director of Gundog Operations at Mossy Oak Gamekeeper Kennels. More specifically, these are not show dogs. These labs have been bred for many years in the United Kingdom for their quiet-

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ness and natural hunting abilities. “By further explanation, while participating in UK field trials, with 12 or 24 dogs on the line, the dogs must remain steady and quiet,” Gibson explained. “Any movement, whining or barking is not tolerated and will result in disqualification from the trial. Excessive handling during a retrieval will result in lower evaluation and lowers the dog’s ranking in the finishing order of the trial. Precision handling is not necessary, instead, they rely on marking skills and natural game-finding ability, use of nose to locate birds in light to very heavy cover.” The dogs chosen at Mossy Oak Gamekeepers Kennels are trained to hunt waterfowl and upland birds with some dogs also trained in deer recovery. Dogs will also enter the breeding program at the kennels. “There is no set number but we usually whelp six to eight litters a year,” Gibson said. “As a result of the limited number of annual breeding, the demand for our puppies will always exceed the supply, but we don’t plan to breed more than 8 litters

a year – simply stated, we are not, nor will we ever be a puppy mill.” Don’t worry, though, if you are unable to purchase a Mossy Oak puppy, the kennel also takes on client dogs. “When a dog comes in for training, we meet with the owners and decide what level of training they want their dog to complete,” Gibson said. “As training progresses, we evaluate each dog on its progress and when the dog reaches a performance level that is satisfactory to us and to the owner, it’s ready to go home.” The kennels are a very comfortable place for the dogs. Each dog has its own interconnected inside/outside kennel. The inside kennels are 5’X5’ and their outside kennels are 5’X10’. “We have two separate kennels – one for the kennel dogs and one

Mossy Oak Gamekeeper Kennels will have six to eight litters of puppies per year. (Photo Credit: David McElwain)

August/September 2022

The dogs chosen at Mossy Oak Gamekeepers Kennels are trained to hunt waterfowl and upland birds. (Photo Credit: David McElwain)

for client dogs,” Gibson added. “The inside kennels are heated in the winter and air-conditioned in the summer.”

The kennel has three employees – the Director of Gundog Operations, a Kennel Facilities Manager, and an Assistant Trainer. Each employee has an important role at the kennel. Bill Gibson, the Director of Gundog Operations, is responsible for the everyday operations of the kennel, including preparing breeding schedules, feeding schedules, veterinary appointments, submitting AKC registration for each litter and preparing sale contracts, among other things. The Kennel Facilities Manager cleans the kennels on a daily basis and performs general grounds maintenance such as mowing, clearing brush and burning brush piles. He also socializes the puppies, feeds and waters kennel dogs, outside dogs and puppies. “While he has many duties, the one he particularly enjoys is socializing the puppies,” Gibson said. “He regularly goes out to the puppy house and plays with the pups for an hour or more, walks the pups around the kennel grounds and takes them swimming in our pond. This socialization training is important to developing puppies that will be both biddable and highly trainable.” The Assistant Trainer is responsible for training all outside dogs that come into the kennel. “This is inclusive to all four levels of training – basic obedience, basic gundog, advanced gundog and finished hunting dog training,” Gibson added. Dogs start training at six months of age with basic obedience training – heel, sit, stay, here and place. Once dogs have mastered the basics, they

Dogs begin training at six months of age and continue on through four levels of training. (Photo Credit: David McElwain)

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Mossy Oak Gamekeeper Kennels has British Labrador Retrievers that are imported from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. (Photo Credit: David McElwain)

move on to basic retriever training. This includes the ability to retrieve dummies and promptly return and deliver to the trainer’s hand. Next is advanced retriever training where the dog is taught to stop on the whistle and take hand signals. This is also the level of short blind retrieves. “At the finished level, we teach the dog to handle on water, lengthen him out on blind retrieves and polish him up on handling drills,” Gibson said. “At every level we continue to reinforce all basic skill sets.” The benefits of owning a Mossy Oak dog are endless. Not only are you getting a well-trained dog, but you are getting a best friend. “You get a dog that is calm in the house, well-behaved with kids, not jumping on family members or guests, and that has all the attributes of a superb hunting dog in the field,” Gibson said. With many years’ experience, Gibson said that the most satisfying aspect of the job is communicating with clients about how much they love their dog and how well their dog is performing in the field. “It reinforces my belief that we are producing a hunter’s best friend for life.” For more information visit www.mossyoakkennels.com.

Dogs hunt on wild and liberated birds. Dogs go on some trips such as Quinter, Kansas each winter where they hunt liberated pheasants at Fantasy Flyers. They are also worked on cold game at the kennel and pick birds at a local European-style tower shoot. (Photo Credit: David McElwain)

August/September 2022

RYAN NORRIS:

Turning stumbling blocks into stepping

Cooperative Farming News

stones… BY CAROLYN DRINKARD

n the Sandflat Community, just south of Thomasville, Alabama, there is a small farm where Tamara and Caleb Norris live with their three biological and three adopted children. Each one of the children in this close-knit family has a personal story of overcoming challenges with courage, resiliency and faith. The Norris family serves as an inspiration for anyone seeking a way to turn stumbling blocks into stepping-stones. Ryan Norris is the second oldest son. From the day he was born, Ryan showed an infectious smile, a winning personality and an industrious spirit. Very early in life, however, the youngster faced some challenges that might require him to take a different path and work a little harder than most other kids. At 18 months, Ryan Norris was diagnosed with Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus. By the time he was in first grade, Ryan had endured 5 surgeries. He has a shunt in his brain and has to go periodically to be checked. Even with these stumbling blocks, this innovative young man has worked hard and now owns many different businesses and his own herd of Black Angus cattle.

At 18 months, Ryan was diagnosed with Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus. By the time he was in first grade, he had endured five surgeries. Ryan could not participate in any contact sports or physical activities that required force on his neck. He also had to live with a shunt in his brain. These stumbling blocks may have kept Ryan from many activities that other children enjoyed, but they never dimmed his hardy spirit or his positive outlook on life. If anything, obstacles made Ryan much more driven and determined. From the beginning, Tamara and Caleb Norris let Ryan choose his own path. “I prayed that the Lord would give him something that he loved to do and do well,” Tamara explained. “We wanted him to do the things that made him happy.”

Ryan found his passion on the family’s tranquil farm. He loved the outdoors, where he found his happy place with the farm animals. This led him to 4-H, which delighted his parents. Not long into his first Chick Chain project, however, Tamara and Caleb realized that their enterprising child was not only learning about chickens, but he had also figured out a way to start his own egg business. At one time, he had 60 hens and a thriving partnership with a local business owner. Ryan’s favorite 4-H activity was the dairy project. He showed heifers in the Montgomery Dairy Show and was a Dairy Premier Exhibitor winner. “When I was in 4-H, I had a little trouble halter-breaking my heifer at first,” he laughed, “but after I got the knack of it, I got better.” Ryan still owns 10 Black Angus cows, and he spends time with these gentle creatures. He plans to expand his commercial herd in the future. Early in life, Ryan learned to combine hard work with resourcefulness. Whenever he got paid for any job, he hid his cash in a pillowcase. Once when Tamara found the pillow, she was astonished to discover how much the youngster had stashed away. She promptly took him to the bank to open his own savings account. At 13, Ryan started a grass-cutting and pressure-washing business with his older brother, Hunter. Using profits from his farm products, he bought his own mower, weed eater and power washer. “I always liked to work outside,” he said. “I have to be outdoors, doing something.” When Ryan was 16, Tamara and Caleb purchased a skid steer with a mulching head and started a family business, called “Sandflat Mulching.”

Ryan’s favorite 4-H activity was the dairy project. He showed heifers in the Montgomery Dairy Show and was a Dairy Premier Exhibitor winner. He loves spending time with his cows and plans to increase his commercial herd.

When Ryan was 16, Tamara and Caleb Norris purchased a skid steer with a mulching head to start a family business, called “Sandflat Mulching.” Caleb taught Ryan how to run this piece of equipment and clear plots of land.

The family always enjoys a vacation at the beach and spending time together. Pictured is the Norris family (l to r): Ella, Hunter, Madison, Tamara, Natalie, Caleb, Bradley and Ryan.

August/September 2022

Ryan said his strong work ethic came from his dad. Caleb Norris (r) taught his son how to do things with his hands, like fixing tractors and big equipment. He also showed him how to manage money and stay out of debt. Most of all, Caleb helped Ryan believe in himself. Ryan said that his dad told him he could do anything, if he just worked hard at it.

Ryan Norris shows some of the equipment he has purchased for his many different businesses. The lawn mower is one he purchased with profits from his farm products and lawn care business. Caleb Norris taught Ryan to use the equipment. After graduating from high school, Ryan now runs Sandflat Mulching by himself.

Caleb taught Ryan how to use this equipment to clear plots of land. For his last two years at Thomasville High School, Ryan chose the Work-Based Learning program, so he could leave at noon and go to his job. “It’s more fun to work,” he said. “I don’t like sitting around.” After high school, Ryan took over the daily operation of Sandflat Mulching, managing land, clearing tracts, bush hogging, planting food plots and building roads. Now, Ryan and his mother own the business together. “I wanted a job where I could make a difference,” he stated. “I like it when I can see what I have done, where the whole image changes because of what I did. I get a lot of satisfaction out of that.” That’s why he enjoys running the mulcher. As the skid-steer gobbles undergrowth, small trees and dead limbs, it changes the looks of both farm and forest landscapes. Whether small plots or large tracts, Ryan stays busy with bookings scheduled months ahead. He also travels to other parts of Alabama for contract jobs. After taking an online landscaping course, Ryan created Norris Landscaping in 2022. He has a crew of three full-time and two part-time helpers. Ryan designs the layouts and recommends plants suitable for this area. He also offers hardscaping. For relaxation, Ryan enjoys hunting, fishing and playing a good game of golf. “I played on the THS Golf Team,” he laughed. “Golf is my stress relief, even though I stay too busy to play much anymore.” Another goal is to design, build and manage his own golf course one day.

Ryan Norris has a strong work ethic, which he believes he got from his dad, Caleb Norris. “Dad taught me how to do things with my hands,” he said proudly. “He taught me how to fix things, like tractors and big equipment. Dad made me believe I could do anything, if I worked hard at it!” At 19, Ryan Norris already owns and manages six businesses. He has never let stumbling blocks hold him back. Instead, he finds a way to turn them into stepping-stones and now, he moves forward toward a very bright future.

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Ryan Norris graduated from Thomasville High School in 2021. His family joined him on the field after the ceremony. Pictured are (front, l to r) Bradley Norris, Madison Norris and Natalie Norris. (Back, l to r) Hunter Norris, Caleb Norris, Ryan Norris, Tamara Norris and Ella Norris.

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SOUTHERN MADE SIMPLE

WHITE CHOCOLATE PEANUT BUTTER RICE KRISPIE TREATS BY L AU R A T U C K E R

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I’m a big-time peanut butter fan. My two girls share my same obsession with the creamy and peanut-buttery goodness of a spoonful of Jif, and it’s not an uncommon occurrence for us all to be devouring a spoonful of peanut butter for our afternoon snack each day. Marshmallows come in at a close second with my girls when it comes to a favorite snack. I’ve been known to keep a handful of marshmallows sitting by my stove that I hand off to the girls when they start creeping into the kitchen and playing under my feet while I’m trying to cook. It keeps them occupied for 0.2 seconds – that is until they come marching back in snooping around for another one. With an abundance of marshmallows and peanut butter on hand, it just felt right to whip up a batch of peanut butter Rice Krispie treats, but these aren’t just your ordinary Rice Krispie treats. These are made even sweeter with white almond bark, which is very similar to white chocolate that causes these treats to melt right in your mouth after your very first bite. They are divine! With school starting back this month, I love to plan ahead and make a batch of these and set them aside for lunchbox treats or to share with my child’s class during various events throughout the school year. This is a great recipe for little hands to help with as well! Here’s what you’ll need to get started:

WHITE CHOCOLATE PEANUT BUTTER RICE KRISPIE TREATS

Ingredients 1/ 2 lb white almond bark (most packages are 1 lb exactly) 1 cup crunchy peanut butter 3 cups Rice Krispies cereal 1 1/2 cup miniature marshmallows Instructions 1. In a double boiler, melt white almond bark and peanut butter together, stirring frequently 2. In a large bowl, combine cereal and marshmallows 3. Once peanut butter mixture is melted, pour over cereal and stir until well combined, and marshmallows are melted 4. Spray 8x8 baking dish or brownie pan with nonstick cooking spray 5. Pour mixture into pan and gently press down with the back of a spoon to flatten and fill the space of the pan 6. Allow to set for 2-3 hours, or until treats are dried enough to hold their shape when cut 7. Enjoy! August/September 2022

These Rice Krispie treats would also be delicious with a handful of roasted peanuts tossed in! Growing up in the Wiregrass region of Alabama, I’m no stranger to the importance of peanuts and the impact they’ve had in our great state. I am the proud granddaughter of a peanut farmer who farmed peanuts in Dale County for over 65 years, starting at the young age of 13. The growth of peanut production has had a profound impact on the economy in Alabama over the years, and now approximately half of all peanuts produced in the United States are grown right here in Magazine Alabama. Choosing to add peanuts to your daily diet can have some great health benefits, and you can support local farmers and purchase peanuts grown right here in Alabama. Harvest season is quickly approaching in our great state, and you can shop local and benefit Alabama farmers by visiting your local Co-op to find a variety of peanuts to add to your treats or to enjoy by the handful!

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BY L O I S T R I G G C H A P L I N

CHIVES THAT TASTE LIKE GARLIC Each August, garlic chives add to their charms with a mass of white flowers. Native bees, syrphid flies, small beetles and other beneficial insects are attracted to them during late summer’s dearth of new garden blossoms. The rest of the year, the lasting attraction of garlic chives is their flat, garlic-flavored leaves. You can use them like the better-known onion chives in soups, scrambled eggs, dip, pizza topping, salad dressings, and other recipes. Just add them near the end of any cooking process because their mild flavor is destroyed by heat. The perennial plants live for years and can reseed to the point of becoming weeds, so give them a spot where they can be managed. Today, dependable, food-producing plants are especially relevant, especially those that can help us flavor a multitude of dishes and are easy to share. Each plant forms a lush clump that grows fast, especially in the cool weather. Plants prefer full sun, but will grow in partial shade, too. Once established they endure summer and winter with no problem; the thing that they don’t like is soggy soil. This herb also grows well in pots, which is a good way to grow it if space is limited. Clumps will naturally grow larger yielding lots

Garlic chives

of fresh harvests. Seedlings can become weedy, so to avoid seedlings, simply cut off the blooms after they fade so that seeds will not form. You can dig and divide clumps to start more plants or share with friends.

PENTAS, A BUTTERFLY MAGNET This time of year herbaceous flowering plants sold in garden centers are likely to be flowering tropicals or large annuals and perennials in full bloom. Pentas may be either, depending on where you live. In Coastal Alabama, pentas are sometimes perennial with some winter protection; in colder parts of the state it is a tropical killed back by freezing weather. But no matter what the location, it’s a butterfly and hummingbird magnet in the summer. The plant is named for the characteristic star shape of five petals of the bloom which come in white or shades of red, pink and purple. Buy these in containers to add an instant spot of color in a flower bed or fill a container for the rest of summer and early fall and enjoy watching hummingbirds feed as they migrate through your garden. Locate plants where they get some afternoon shade.

Pentas

August/September 2022

TALL, BOLD PHILIPPINE LILY One lily that you can count on in a warm climate and most soil types is the Philippine lily (Lillium formosanum philippinense), also known as Formosa lily. Big, white, Easter-lily like flowers are borne on very tall stalks that reach 6 feet or more. These are great flowers for the back of a flower bed, where the pretty green stalks provide a nice background for other flowers in spring and summer, then are topped in a cluster of white trumpets in August. At night, big hawk moths will visit the very fragrant flowers. Folks who enjoy their garden in the evening will especially appreciate the reflective white blossoms and sweet nighttime fragrance of this perennial lily. Over time, it makes a bigger clump each year that you can dig and divide to share with friends. Philippine lily is a pass-along plant, although it may be found at specialty nurseries and mail-order bulb sources.

Heucheras

evergreen, so their foliage will remain through winter, although older leaves may look aged and tattered by spring. Some varieties have showy blooms that work in flower arrangements, too.

ASPARAGUS NEEDS SUMMER HELP

Phillipine Lily

SO MANY HEUCHERAS Heuchera, the perennial that was once coral bells or alum root, has morphed into a coat-of-many-colors over the past 25 years. The original coral bells (Heuchera americana) is a tidy perennial that forms a low-growing clump of plain green leaves with 18-inch stalks of coral, bell-shaped blooms in the spring. Plant breeders have hybridized a family of dazzling Heucheras, grown for their stunning foliage which greatly increases options for shady gardens where colors like this were harder to come by. New hybrids include foliage in many shades of green, gold, silver, red, purple, pink and a huge variety of patterns. Some need shade, while others show their best color in sun. Sizes vary from eight inches to two feet wide, and equally tall. Not all are going to perform the same way, so it is a good idea to just try a few at a time to test performance in your yard. Most of these Heucheras are 58

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Asparagus, a long-lived perennial, is a great treat to have in the garden each spring. However, summer care tests the mettle of asparagus growers because of its growth and care during the offseason. A bit of a space hog, the lanky, five- and six-foot-tall, tall ferns fall over in summer storms, taking up even more space. It will test your patience, but if one can corral the fronds, fertilize them, lime the soil, and keep the ground clean and weeded it will respond. Pull weeds by hand to avoid disturbing the roots. Thick weeds will interfere with spear production next spring. Cut down the ferns after frost and mulch the planting with compost or other loose organic mulch. Come next spring the summer grunt work will pay off in a nice harvest.

Asparagus bed

BY J O H N H O W L E

IT STILL TAKES FAITH

FROM PLANTING TO HARVESTING

here was a time in Alabama agriculture following WWII where farmers began to see enough real income to purchase a truly innovative piece of equipment to replace the mules. It was the tractor. Today GPS, computerized round balers, artificial intelligence for interpreting a field’s statistical data, cell phone apps, and disease resistant plant species are all currently

available if you’re willing to pay for it. All these innovations, however, do not take into account that faith is required in any planting or animal raising enterprise. Here’s an excerpt from a magazine article I read recently on incorporating artificial intelligence into the farm. The entire article gives no regard to the faith required so that the produce or the animals will grow, and it

“Farmers who wait for perfect weather never plant. If they watch every cloud, they never harvest.” - Ecclesiastes 11:4 August/September 2022

probably causes a blow-out on their jargon generating machine. Albert Einstein once said, “If you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it fully.” “Remote sensors enable algorithms to interpret a field’s environment as statistical data that can be understood and useful to farmers for decision-making. Algorithms process the data, adapting and learning based on the data received. The more inputs and statistical information collected, the better the algorithm will be at predicting a range of outcomes. And the aim is that farmers can use this artificial intelligence to achieve their goal of a better harvest through making better decisions in the field.”

the food supply. The Russian invasion and the sanctions of Moscow have greatly reduced the production of crops and fertilizer in Russia and Ukraine. This has sent certain areas of the Middle East and Africa into the threat of famine. Combine this with rising food and fuel prices and ever-increasing inflation, and you have a recipe for serious food production problems. Instead of posing gloom and doom scenarios, many folks in the state of Alabama are taking matters into their own hands by raising their own backyard chicken and eggs, producing more of their own food through gardens, and buying more locally-raised fruits and vegetables.

Farm to Table

After the pandemic, we realized just how quickly food could diminish from store shelves and how supply chains could disrupt the inventory of food supplies. As we watch the continuing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, there are more implications for

In my area of Alabama, there have been many new businesses pop up on people’s farms to cater to the local community to make food available. Farmers markets are becoming much more in demand and local people are converting their barns and property into raising local food. In the community of Hawk, Alabama, a farm family converted a fourbay garage into an open-air restaurant and venue for selling locally raised meat and produce as well as a you pay, you pick strawberry patch. The name of their enterprise is called “The Market.” There are many new venues such as this opening up all around Alabama so that the local population can show their

Located in Hawk, Alabama, the Market has converted a four-bay mechanic garage into a local food sales and restraunt venue.

You pay and you pick venues are popping up all across Alabama by those who want to exert their food independence.

We may never find the perfect weather conditions for planting or harvesting through technology, but it takes faith to make the decision to do either one. Faith tells us to expect a garden harvest from seeds we planted in the spring and calves from bred cows.

Changes Coming

Cooperative Farming News

food independence regardless of the political and economic problems going on in the world at large.

The Omnivore’s Dilemma A great piece of literature is a book called "The Omnivore’s Dilemma." This book showcases where our food comes from and explains how it is produced or raised. Written by Michael Pollan, the book allows you to go undercover at the supermarket asking questions like “What does the organic sticker on a banana really mean?” and “Where did the chicken in that nugget grow Michael Pollan’s book showcases up?” Finally, the book showwhere our food comes from. cases how some farming entrepreneurs have met the demands for locally-raised, healthy food products and how we as producers and consumers can keep a healthy, environmentally sound supply of food for our communities and neighbors.

clover can fix up to 100-150 pounds of nitrogen per acre, and the good part is this nitrogen is available to the surrounding plant roots in an organic form. White clover grows great as a companion crop to fall grasses such as rye grass, wheat, fescue, orchardgrass or oats. Visit www.pennington.com to find out more.

Prescribed Burning One of the oldest and most effective land management techniques is prescribed burning. The land where the burn takes place is left with a higher pH because of the potash-rich ashes. Other benefits include reduction in forest floor fuel, removal of unwanted growth or sprouts without spraying chemicals, and improved forage for wild game. Timing is critical when planning a prescribed burn. If you are wanting to control woody vegetation, you would want to conduct the burn in late spring. If you want to stimulate early spring growth, a late winter/early spring burn would be best.

Put Clover All Over Whether you are planting fall food plots or fall pastures, Durana white clover is a great addition to your fall food provisions. A good stand of white

A prescribed burn is one of the oldest, cheapest, and most effective land management techniques for controlling forest floor growth.

Durana white clover thrives in pastures and food plots and it fixes nitrogen for surrounding plant roots.

Take time to support your local farmers through farmers markets and be sure to show your food independence by growing vegetables and produce on your own. Also, be sure to visit your local Co-op to stock up on your food production supplies. You know you’ll be getting a healthy and environmentally friendly product. August/September 2022

MAGIC OF GARDENING

Kohlrabi (shown here) can be planted up until September 15th

FALL GARDEN CARE AND MAINTENANCE DON'T PUT AWAY YOUR GARDEN GLOVES YET! BY B E T H A N Y O ’ R E A R I love that time of summer when tomatoes, peppers, squash and other “prime season” vegetables seem to crowd each other for attention. The rush to pick, process and share seems never-ending – until it does. Summer heat has prevented plants from setting any more fruit and plants are starting to look raggedy, if not downright puny, from disease. No amount of fertilizer or watering can turn the garden back to its glory of just a few weeks before. But this is only another natural pause in the 12 months of gardening we can enjoy in Alabama. Don’t put away 62

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your garden gloves and tools just yet. Start by removing plant stakes, hoses and support cages. Clear the soil of fallen vegetables, fruits and flower materials. Remove mulch that might harbor disease and give the surface a clean sweep with a hoe to deter weed seedlings which are still thriving nonstop. When you have finished this first, and critical, step of sanitizing your garden, you have a few choices – all of which will benefit the next growing seasons. You might want to plant a fall vegetable garden.

Many crops will produce another impressive yield when planted in August and September. A slew of favorites – beets, broccoli and cauliflower – can be planted by seed up to August 15th. Choose beet varieties like 'Ruby Queen' and 'Red Ace.' Good cauliflower varieties include 'Violet Queen' and 'Snowcrown.' August 15th to September 1st offers a window to plant lettuce, kale and spinach. You can continue on with kohlrabi and turnips until September 15th. A fall garden gives you an opportunity to experiment with varieties you might not grow typically. How about 'Romulus' lettuce or 'Tokyo Cross Hybrid' turnip? Onion sets should be planted in the first weeks of September while onion seed can be planted the whole month. Whatever you choose to grow, make sure to take into account crop rotation principles. You don’t want to plant crops from the same “family” in the same spot in back-to-back seasons or years. If your favorite garden plot has declined in recent years due to disease, insects or weed overgrowth, take advantage of the heat of the dog days of summer and put the sun to use. Soil solarization

Broccoli can be planted by seed up to August 15th.

Soil solarization

August/September 2022

Planting areas may not need the intensive treatis an easy and effective way to reduce pathogens, ment of soil solarization, but most could benefit nematodes, insect eggs and weed seeds in the soil. Solarization is a particularly effective way of from the addition of fall/winter cover crops. Cover crops crowd out competing weed growth and give breaking the lifecycle of tiny parasitic nematodes. Because the damage they cause, like stunting and back nutrients to the soil in the form of fixing nitroyellowing, is similar to damage from poor soil fertiligen and as broken-down organic material. In addity or uneven watering, nematode infestation doesn’t tion, each of these cover crops attracts and supports always spring to mind. pollinator populations. Solarization is the ultimate Plant Crimson Clover in “steam cleaner” for healthy August and September Cover crops crowd out competing weed soil. Assuming you’ve aland their primary polligrowth and give back nutrients to the ready sanitized the garden, nators, honeybees, will soil in the form of fixing nitrogen and as water the area deeply until thank you. Crimson Clover broken-down organic material. it is drenched to a depth of should be applied at the several inches. Cover with rate of 0.75lb/1000 sq. ft. a continuous clear plastic Canola can also be sown sheet and bury the edges in September at the rate of the sheeting in soil to capture the heat. The goal of 0.50lb/1000 sq. ft. Hairy Vetch can be planted beis to generate as much steam as possible so avoid tween 45 to 15 days before the first anticipated frost opaque plastics and make sure there are no gaps in at the rate of 0.75 lb/1000 sq. ft. and supports a the edging. Weight with bricks or rocks if the area wide range of bees from large bumble bees to smallis prone to wind gusts. The plastic has to stay in er native bees. These cover crops should be tilled place for at least four weeks so keep an eye on it to under before spring garden planting, increasing the make sure the plastic is not damaged or displaced. organic content in addition to the nitrogen boost. When the process is complete you should have a Fall crops, winter cover crops and steam-cleaned blank slate. The solarization will have knocked back soil are all worthy projects for late summer and fall. good microbes as well as bad guys so make sure to Whichever you choose, I hope you enjoy the time replenish with well-rotted (and weed-free!) compost. spent outdoors in your year-round garden.

Field of canola

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LAWN & GARDEN C H E C K L I S T

August Garden Checklist Fruits and Nuts • Cut out old blackberry canes after fruiting and then fertilize and cultivate for replacement canes. • Remember to order new catalogs for fruit selection. Shrubs • Propagate woody plants, such as hydrangeas and azaleas, by layering. • Do not fertilize woody plants in late summer. It will stimulate new growth that might not have time to harden off before winter’s first frost. Lawns • Apply 1 pound nitrogen per 1,000 square feet to bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass. Skip this month for fertilizing centipedegrass and zoysiagrass. •M ow often (every 5 to 10 days) to remove just 1/3 the grass height at each mowing. • Water lawns as needed (grayish color or curling leaf blades). • Stop fertilizing warm-season turf types at the end of the month. Roses • Keep roses healthy and actively growing. • Lightly prune hybrid teas and floribundas to prevent a scraggly appearance. • Old-fashioned roses will experience second bloom flush, so no need to prune these types. Annuals and Perennials • Water as needed. Plant perennials and biennials for spring. Bulbs • Divide old iris plantings and add new ones. Miscellaneous • Keeping flowers, shrubs, trees, and lawns healthy is the major task during this month.

•C losely observe for insects and diseases. • Water. Vegetable Seeds • Whole state: Continue planting beans and squash. • Central and North: Continue planting cole crops, beets, carrots, collards, kale, lettuce, mustard, Swiss chard, parsley, radishes, and turnips. Vegetable Transplants • South and Central: Plant certified seed potatoes for Irish and red-skinned varieties until mid-month. • North: Plant cole crop transplants that were started in July.

September Garden Checklist Fruits and Nuts • New catalogs will be arriving soon. • Start plans for future selection and plantings. • Take soil test for new planting areas. •F ertilize established strawberry plantings. Shrubs • Study landscape to determine plant needs. • Check early camellia varieties for damage caused by insects and disease. • Replace landscape plants as needed that have severe damage caused by insects, disease, or freezes. • After fall growth is completed, spray all shrubs with a fungicide. Lawns • Mow often (5 to 10 days) to remove just 1/3 the grass height at each mowing. • If daytime temperatures are consistently cooler than 80 degrees F, apply fire ant bait. Read the label carefully for best control. • If winter or spring weeds were a concern this year, apply preemergent herbicides.

• Reseed tall fescue lawns and fertilize at 1 pound slow-release nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. Roses • Protect fall crops of blossoms from aphids and thrips. • Keep plants healthy. Annuals and Perennials • Plant perennials and biennials. This is the last planting time for these. • Divide old clumps of perennials. • Plant peonies. Bulbs • Plant spring-flowering bulbs late this month in north Alabama. • Delay planting in south Alabama. Miscellaneous • Clean up infestations of insects on azaleas, camellias, boxwoods, gardenias, hollies, etc. • If oil spray is needed, don’t use in freezing weather. • Build a compost bin or box; leaves will be falling soon. • Monitor house plants for insects and diseases before moving them indoors. Treat as needed to prevent carrying unwanted pests indoors. Vegetable Seeds • South: Plant beets, carrots, Brussels sprouts, collards, kale, lettuce, mustard, onion seeds, radishes, spinach, Swiss chard, parsley, and turnips. • Central and North: Continue planting carrots, collards, kale, lettuce, mustard, onion seeds, parsley, radishes, spinach, Swiss chard, and turnips. Vegetable Transplants • Whole state: Continue planting cole crops, collards, kale, lettuce, mustard, and spinach transplants, and onion sets. • South: Plant celery transplants.

The Lawn and Garden Checklist is provided by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System.

August/September 2022

WELLS FARM 455 Brownsboro Road, Brownsboro, AL

Wells farm has been raising Simmental and Simangus bulls for over 30 years. We have the largest selection of homozygous black bwf bulls in the southeast for sale at the farm. We have recently moved to Brownsboro Al (Huntsville) and want to be your destination in north Alabama and south Tennessee for quality docile bulls. Heifers also available. 18 month old simangus

Mike Wells - wellsfs@yahoo.com

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334-412-2280

BY S U Z Y M c C R AY

DID THE WHALE GO TO HEAVEN TOO? “Did the whale get to go to Heaven too?” Fiveyear-old Levi asked several years ago after his beloved Paw Paw died of cancer. He wanted to ask him several simple questions about his grandfather’s trip into Heaven. “Have you met Noah? What happened to the ark? Have you met Jonah? Did that whale get to go to Heaven too?” Although Levi is now an “old” 13 years of age

and will be in the eighth grade at Cullman Middle School this coming fall, his simple philosophies of life helped his mother, Crystal Calvert, face not only the loss of her father, but then her own brain cancer battle three years ago this summer. Crystal’s dad, Paul Gamel, was well known throughout Blount County, serving as manager of the Oneonta Piggly Wiggly store from the 1970s August/September 2022

onward, and then managing another grocery also Jesus is quoted in the Bible as saying, “Unless owned by the late Don Camp for about a decade in you change and become like little children, you will Hokes Bluff. He died in 2014 from metastatic cancer never enter the kingdom of Heaven …” Matthew found as brain cancer. 18:1-5. Crystal was diagnosed in 2019 with oligodenBut sometimes it seems that we try to complicate droglioma. She underwent surgery at the University even the Gospel story. What better way of explaining of Alabama Birmingham Hospital and then again at Easter than that of 5-year-old Levi. “Jesus died on Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. the cross for our sins but went to Heaven after the “Levi kept me going, not only through losing stone was rolled away after the sun went to bed three daddy but also with my cancer,” Crystal explains. times"? “His simple yet profound way of thinking kept me in Maybe us farmers, homesteaders and even urban check.” gardeners look at nature and the wonder of God’s Crystal shared many of Levi’s comments through world a little differently than some others. the years to her Facebook page and now they pop up This week my 18-year-old goat, Stormie, died often in her memories, so she peacefully in his stall in the barn. can share them and encourage We knew he was growing weaker others. and weaker and it was just his Crystal was a pediatric time. Stormie was the very first He looked me dead in the eye, nurse at Children’s Hospital large livestock born on this farm. pointing that finger right at me in Birmingham for four years, Thankfully his mama Jodie had worked as a CDI RN at Cullman a seemingly easy birth and knew and said, “Momma, don’t you Regional Medical Center, and by instinct exactly what to do. I has been studying in graduate didn’t even realize she’d freshunderstand that when Paw Paw school for Forensic Nursing. Her ened until I heard Jodie softly gets to Heaven that Jesus is gohusband Gene has a total of 24 nickering to her new baby! years in law enforcement and is Since then I’ve witnessed ing to put His hand on him and now a sheriff’s deputy with posand even assisted with several that cancer is gonna go away sibly retirement scheduled for other goat births and those of the summer of 2023. The family rabbits and other farm animals. forever and he will live forever lives in Cullman County. We’ve watched chickens, guineas, and ever?” “When Levi was five and my ducks and turkeys hatch. But daddy was dying (he died 20 we’ve seen all species of mamas days after his cancer diagnogo about tending their offspring sis), I was staying with Daddy in their simple knowing ways. and Levi came to stay with me at his house,” Crystal We’ve watched tiny seeds die in the earth yet explains. come forth as majestic plants to feed not only our “I was crying and his daddy was going to have to family but others. come back and pick him up and Levi wanted to know We see miracles each and every day, from the why I was crying. I explained that his Paw Paw had golden sunrise to the red tinged sunsets over our cancer.” woods. And we view it all with childlike awe … kind of “Levi asked simply if he was going to Heaven and like our friend Levi. of course I replied, yes. He looked me dead in the eye, There’s a meme going around on the internet pointing that finger right at me and said, 'Momma, which asks who you would want to talk to when you don’t you understand that when Paw Paw gets to first reach Heaven. Most people respond they want to Heaven that Jesus is going to put His hand on him talk to their parents, their grandparents and certainand that cancer is gonna go away forever and he will ly Jesus. I hope I’m around to hear some innocent live forever and ever?'” youngster ask in wonder, “Did the whale make it to Although Levi is now your typical middle schooler Heaven too?” with near-constant chatter about things as varied as school, ball, the new Batman movie, how a soft air (Suzy and husband Mack live on a homestead in gun works and more – all in about 15 minutes time Blount County, Alabama and can be reached on – Crystal will continue to cherish Levi’s childhood Facebook or by email at suzy.mccray@yahoo.com) explanations and encouragements. 68

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FOOD SAFETY

WARM THE SOUL

WITH HOME-CANNED SOUP IN THE WINTER MONTHS B Y A N G E L A T R E A D AWAY How many of you remember as a child growing up and having your mother or grandmother open a can of home-preserved vegetable soup and how it made the coldest of winter days seem warm? August and September are the best months to prepare soup because there should be such an abundance of fresh vegetables. Preparing your own soup in the summer can do just that for you in the winter. As a Regional Food Safety and Quality Agent with the Extension System, I have clients that call 70

Cooperative Farming News

asking questions about making soups at home and preserving them for their family for the winter months. The problem a lot of times is where they may have gotten their recipe from: Grandmother from years ago, online or they just made one up they really like and think it would be good to can it. They want to just make the soup, cook it, fill jars, and then process in a water bath canner or pressure canner for just about 15-20 minutes. They feel like if they cooked it, it really doesn’t matter how

long it is processed. Not a good idea at all. You want to use tested USDA recipes that have a tested process time to go along with them. You can do a base soup or broth and then add other items when you open it to prepare it in the winter months.

PROBLEM INGREDIENTS IN HOME CANNED SOUPS Do not add noodles, other types of pasta, rice, flour, cream, milk, or other thickening agents to soups and stews before canning. Adding flour or other thickening agents to a product for home canning prevents the heat from penetrating to the center of the jar interfering with safe processing to destroy the bacterial spores that cause botulism. Never add thickening agents to a home canned product. Wait until you are ready to prepare the food for serving and then add the flour, cornstarch, or other thickening agent you are using. Butter, milk, cream, cheese and other dairy products are low acid foods that should never be home canned. Again, add butter and milk to soup just before serving. Products high in starch also interfere with heat processing. Thus, add noodles or any type of pasta, rice, or dumplings to canned soups or stews at serving time.

WHAT SOUPS CAN BE PRESERVED AT HOME? Vegetable soups in a broth base may be safely canned using the process time for the ingredients that takes the longest process time for the individ-

ual ingredients in the soup. Most soups will take 60 to 90 minutes to process in a pressure canner depending upon size (pints or quarts) and ingredients. Never can soup in half-gallon containers. Use caution to avoid packing ingredients too solidly in the jars. For vegetable soup, fill the jars half full of solids, add broth allowing 1 inch headspace and process in a pressure canner. There needs to be space for the hot liquid to circulate between the food particles. Pieces of cooked beef or chicken can be added to the vegetables to make a vegetable meat soup. Thickened or creamed tomato soup should not be canned. Instead, can tomato juice, tomato vegetable juice blend, or crushed tomatoes (without added vegetables). When you want to make the soup, open the jar of tomato product, add whatever seasoning vegetables and thickeners desired. A good cream of tomato soup is made by pouring the heated tomato mixture into a heated white sauce. Avoid canning pumpkin, winter squash, broccoli, or cauliflower soup. These pack together and contain ingredients that interfere with safe processing. There are no scientifically research-tested recipes for these soups.

FREEZING SOUPS How can you preserve soup safely? Freeze it. Although freezing temperatures do not kill bacteria, microbial growth stops in the freezer. Using a modified starch suitable for low temperatures such as ThermFlo® will help prevent separation of a thickened soup. Soups made from fall vegetables such as pumpkin, butternut squash, cauliflower, or broccoli are flavorful when frozen. It is also safe to freeze vegetable and meat soups that contain pasta, rice, or noodles. Just remember to allow time for frozen soup to thaw in the refrigerator; or if it is defrosted in the microwave oven, it should be heated and eaten immediately.

SAVING MONEY AND CONTROLLING INGREDIENTS The great thing about preserving your own soups and stews at home, especially if you grow your own vegetables, is that you can save money and control the ingredients, seasonings and salt. Many commercial soups have lots of salt and we all need to be watching our salt intake. Salt is optional in canning soups. It is used for seasoning and does not help to preserve the food. August/September 2022

high temperature of 240° for a certain amount of time (this temperature can only be reached in a pressure canner) is necessary to destroy any spores of Clostridium botulinum that might be present. Pressure canning correctly can prevent these spores from growing into bacterial cells in the canned jars of soups and stews.

MORE INFO ON SAFE HOME CANNING AND CANNING RECIPES PROCESSING: WHY DO I NEED TO USE A PRESSURE CANNER? High-acid foods (those with a pH of 4.6 or lower) contain enough acid to help control the growth of harmful bacteria and can be safely processed in a boiling water canner. However, all meats and vegetables are low-acid foods, with pH levels ranging from 4.9 to 7.3. They do not contain enough acid to prevent the growth of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which produces the toxin that causes botulism. For these foods, soups and stews, the

Cooperative Farming News

Go to www.aces.edu and in the search bar or under the food safety link look for "Wise Methods of Canning Vegetables" or other canning handouts. For soups and stews recipes that are USDA tested go to the National Center for Home Food Preservation website at https://nchfp.uga.edu/ Canning Soups and Stews Free Virtual class will be taught by the Alabama Cooperative Extension Food Safety Team September 27th from 1-3pm. Please pre-register at this registration link if you are interested in tuning in: https://www.aces.edu/ go/preserve-soups or check it out on this QR code.

THE SNAIL & THE OLD BOTTLE

BY G R E G A . L A N E

hile I was walking my dog one Thursday afternoon near the local cemetery, I saw part of an old bottle sticking up out of the ground underneath some shade trees. It was almost completely covered with dirt and debris. The exposed portion of the bottle looked to be very old and possibly antique, so I decided to dig it up. I was hoping it wasn’t broken or damaged in any way. After a couple of minutes of digging, I finally unearthed the bottle and was excited to find that it was fully intact. Because the bottle had been buried for so long, it was almost completely filled with dirt. So, I stuck a stick down through the neck of

the bottle to break up the clods of dirt inside. As I shook it, clumps of dirt and small pebbles began to pour out. There was one large obstruction inside that I couldn’t get out, though. I thought it was a large chunk of gravel at first and was puzzled as to how something so large could have fit through the mouth of the bottle. I took the bottle home with me and pulled out the garden hose to begin a thorough cleaning. After squirting water into it for several minutes, all the excess dirt had been washed away. Only the large “piece of gravel” remained inside. Because it wouldn’t fit through the mouth of the bottle, I tried to grab it with my fingers to pull it out.

August/September 2022

What I thought was a large piece of gravel crumbled slow-growing snail went to sleep inside its “botbetween my two fingers. It wasn’t gravel at all. It tle home” for an extended period of time. Several was a large snail shell. How incredibly unusual it weeks or possibly months later, after awakening was to discover the oversized shell inside the bottle! from sleep, it attempted to leave the safety of its My mind wondered, “How in the world did a home to venture out beyond the confines of the snail shell this large end up inside this bottle?” I bottle and find food. But, when it got to the mouth could only come to one conof the bottle to exit, just like clusion. There was a time long it had done so many times in ago (when the snail was much the past, it could no longer fit smaller) that it made the bottle through the hole. It was stuck. its home. It was a safe home, The bottle that had once been no doubt. No predators could its security and protection had get inside to harm it, and the now become its prison cell … a snail was safe from the eleprison cell which would one day ments while inside the impenalso become the snail’s coffin. etrable walls of its new home. But, there was just one probWhat a terrible thought! lem. Unknowing to the snail, one day it was going to outgrow So, here’s something to the safety of its newfound think about today. What if the home. Each day, little-by-little, security and protection that you the snail was growing, and its enjoy in your life is actually a shell was growing too. cleverly designed prison cell in I did a little research on which the enemy of your soul snails to get more information. keeps you confined? What if I discovered that it takes about that feeling of protection you 10 months for a snail to reach have while inside the walls full maturity size. The snail’s of your comfort zone is really shell growth takes place through a numbing anesthesia that secretions in the snail’s mantle. prevents you from venturing The new growth material is addout to discover all that God The old bottle in which the large snail shell ed to the snail’s shell opening. has for you beyond your own was found. So, if you want to get an idea of self-imposed boundaries? I how old a snail is, it’s kind of like counting the rings know what it’s like to feel comfortable and secure. of growth in a tree stump. There are “rings” of growth I’m not knocking it. It’s what we all seek in life. But, on the snail’s shell opening that can be counted (if sometimes feelings of comfort and security actuyou have the time and interest in doing so). Unforally lull us to sleep. We forget that we’re still in the tunately for me, I had crushed the snail’s shell while process of growing and we need to be experiencing retrieving it from the bottle, so I don’t know how old new things. What a terrible thought that our comfort that snail was when it finally died. zone could possibly become our coffin one day! Anyway, the shell growth is a slow process. It I like the prayer of Jabez (found in 1 Chronicles seemed to me that the snail would be aware of the 4:10) when he prayed to the Lord, “Oh that you growth and not allow itself to be trapped inside that would bless me indeed and ENLARGE MY TERRITObottle like it did. Then, I discovered one other piece RY.” I like that phrase “Enlarge my territory.” If we’re of information that might have solved the dilemma. doing life the right way, we should be constantly You see, a snail can go through a process called “es- growing, increasing in knowledge and understandtivation” to escape periods of extreme heat. During ing, and enlarging our field of influence and experiestivation, it can sleep for several weeks or months ences. Stagnation takes place when we continually at a time, if necessary. When it awakens from sleep remain within our comfort zone. it immediately goes out to find moisture and nourSo, challenge yourself today to step outside your ishment. comfort zone. Don’t get lulled to sleep in the same So, with all this information in mind, here’s old routine that you’ve been in for years. Remember what I believe happened. There was a day when the the snail! 74

Cooperative Farming News

BY M A RY DE L P H

BY M A RY D E L P H

Buttery Garlic Green Beans 1 pound fresh green beans, trimmed and snapped in half 3 Tablespoons butter 3 cloves garlic, minced 2 pinches lemon pepper salt to taste Place green beans into a large skillet and cover with water; bring to a boil. Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer until beans start to soften, about 5 minutes. Drain water. Add butter to green beans; cook and stir until butter is melted, 2 to 3 minutes. Cook and stir garlic with green beans until garlic is tender and fragrant, 3 to 4 minutes. Season with lemon pepper and salt.

Stuffed Zucchini 3 zucchini 1 pound pork sausage 1 cup dry breadcrumbs 1 clove garlic, minced 1 (32-ounce) jar spaghetti sauce 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese 1/2 cup shredded mozzarella cheese Heat oven to 350 degrees. Trim stems from zucchini and slice lengthwise. Scoop out seeds and put in bowl. Mix seeds with sausage, garlic, breadcrumbs and Parmesan cheese. Stuff squash with sausage mixture and place in 9x13-inch baking pan. Pour sauce over squash and cover pan with foil. Bake August/September 2022

in preheated oven for 45 minutes, or until sausage is cooked. Remove foil and cover with mozzarella cheese. Cook until cheese is melted.

Corn off the Cob 1 teaspoon lime zest 7 Tablespoons lime juice 1 teaspoon sugar 1 teaspoon kosher salt Dash hot sauce 7 Tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil 8 ears fresh sweet corn, shucked 1 cup finely chopped red onion 1/ 2 cup chopped fresh cilantro In a large bowl, whisk together lime zest, lime juice, sugar, salt and hot sauce. While whisking, slowly pour in olive oil and continue whisking until emulsified. Set dressing aside. Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Working in batches as necessary, add corn and boil until tender, about 4 minutes. Drain. As soon as corn is cool enough to handle, cut kernels off cobs and place kernels in bowl with dressing. Add red onion and cilantro; toss to combine. Cover and refrigerate until needed. Serve cold or at room temperature.

Spicy Cucumber Salad 1/2 cup fresh lime juice 3 Tablespoons fish sauce 3 Tablespoons palm sugar 1 Tablespoon minced seeded jalapeño 3 red Thai chiles, thinly sliced 2 small garlic cloves, finely minced 3 large cucumbers 1/2 cup chopped cilantro leaves Sea salt 1/2 cup coarsely chopped roasted unsalted peanuts To make the dressing, whisk together lime juice, fish sauce, palm sugar, jalapeño, Thai chiles, and garlic in a small bowl and set aside. Remove most of the peel from the cucumber (leaving a few long stripes for color if you like), and quarter lengthwise. If seeds are large and tough, remove them. Slice cucumber into 1/4-inch-thick pieces. In a large bowl, combine cucumber with cilantro. A half hour before serving, toss with the dressing. Taste and add salt as needed. Garnish with peanuts and serve.

Cooperative Farming News

Peacock Vegetables 2 medium red onions, cut into eighths 2 small yellow summer squash, cut into 1/2-inch-thick slices 2 small zucchini, cut into 1/2-inch-thick slices 3 red, yellow and/or green sweet peppers, sliced into 1/2-inch strips 4 cloves garlic, thinly sliced 2 Tablespoons snipped fresh parsley 2 Tablespoons balsamic vinegar 1 Tablespoon olive oil 1 teaspoon dried oregano, crushed 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper Heat oven to 425 F. In a 13x9x2-inch baking pan, combine the vegetables and garlic. Set aside. In a screw-top jar, combine the parsley, vinegar, oil, oregano, salt and black pepper. Shake well. Pour over the vegetables and toss to coat. Bake for about 25 minutes or until vegetables are crisp-tender, stirring twice.

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August/September 2022

ART NIGHT August 4, 2022 Northport - Kentuck Art Center 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Call 205-758-1257 THE INVITATIONAL AT THE WHARF MARINA August 4-6, 2022 Orange Beach - The Wharf Marina Call 251-224-1900 WORLD'S LONGEST YARD SALE August 4-7, 2022 Gadsden - Lookout Mountain Parkway Call 256-845-3957 CLAY COUNTY WATERMELON FESTIVAL August 5-6, 2022 Ashland - Ashland City Park 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Call 256-354-2121 ROCK THE SOUTH August 5-6, 2022 Cullman - York Farms All Day - Admission Call 256-737-7565 30TH ANNUAL PINEY CHAPEL AMERICAN FARM HERITAGE DAYS August 5-6, 2022 Elkmont - Downtown 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. Call 256-431-6226 WOODSTOCK 5K RRCA NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP August 6, 2022 78 Cooperative Farming News

Annistion - Anniston High School 7:30 a.m. - Fee for Participants only Call 256-310-0830 TRUE CRIME WALKING TOUR OF OLD CAHAWBA August 6, 2022 Orrville - Old Cahawba Archaeological Park - Admission 10:00 - 11:00 a.m. Call 334-872-8058 ANNUAL AWF YOUTH FISHING RODEO August 6, 2022 Millbrook - 3050 Lanark Road 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. Call 334-285-4550 158TH BATTLE OF MOBILE BAY COMMEMORATIVE DAY August 6, 2022 Dauphin Island - Historic Fort Gaines Admission - 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Call 251-861-6992 DOWNTOWN BOAZ AUGUST CAR SHOW August 12, 2022 Boaz - Downtown Admission - 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Call 256-593-8154 2022 CITY LIGHTS & STARS: MAMBO GRIS GRIS August 12, 2022 Huntsville - Burritt on the Mountain Admission - 7:30 p.m. Call 256-536-2882 39TH WORLD DEER EXPO August 12-14, 2022

Birmingham - BJCC Admission Friday: 3:00 - 9:00 p.m. Saturday: 10:00 a.m. - 9:00 p.m. Sunday: 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Call 205-678-4141 USS ALABAMA LIVING HISTORY CREW DRILL August 13, 2022 Mobile - 2703 Battleship Parkway Admission 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Call 251-433-2703 YARD PARTY FOR ART August 13, 2022 Dothan - Wiregrass Museum of Art Admission Call 334-794-3871 FRANKLIN COUNTY WATERMELON FESTIVAL August 19-20, 2022 Russellville - Downtown Friday: 6:00 - 10:00 p.m. Saturday: 10:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. Call 256-332-1760 BUCKMASTERS EXPO August 19-20, 2022 Montgomery - Montgomery Convention Center - Free Admission with a can of food - Friday: 3:00 - 8:00 p.m. Saturday: 9:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. Sunday: 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Call 800-240-3337 ARDMORE CRAPE MYRTLE FESTIVAL August 20, 2022 Ardmore - John Barnes Park

Call 256-427-6126 COCKTAILS AT THE VIEW August 20, 2022 Huntsville - Burritt on the Mountain 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Call 256-536-2882 FYFFE UFO DAY August 20, 2022 Fyffe - Fyffe Town Park 9:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. Call 256-845-2222 LIONS RIVER RUN CAR SHOW August 20, 2022 Guntersville - Marshall County Park 1 8:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Call 256-677-9763 PEANUT BOIL FESTIVAL August 31 - September 5, 2022 Luverne - 1704 Montgomery Hwy Call 334-382-8590 ART NIGHT September 1, 2022 Northport - Kentuck Art Center 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Call 205-758-1257 MOUNTAIN TRAILS 50 MILE YARD SALE September 1-5, 2022 Section - Hwy 71/73 from Section to Bryant - 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Call 256-632-2340 PEAK BUTTERFLY SEASON IN THE PURDY BUTTERFLY HOUSE September 1-30, 2022 Huntsville - Huntsville Botanical Garden - Admission Call 256-830-4447 AOHA STATE CHAMPIONSHIP HORSE SHOW September 2-4, 2022 Montgomery - Garrett Coliseum Admission Call 256-234-2925 ST WILLIAMS SEAFOOD FESTIVAL September 2-3, 2022 Cullman - 915 Gunter Ave Admission - 10:30 a.m. Call 256-582-4245 KEY UNDERWOOD COON DOG CEMETERY LABOR DAY CELEBRATION

September 5, 2022 Cherokee - 4945 Coondog Cemetery Road - 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Call 256-412-2149 LABOR DAY FAIR September 5, 2022 Seale - Old Russell County Courthouse - 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Call 334-298-6426 FESTIFALL September 5 - October 31, 2022 Huntsville - Huntsville Botanical Gardens - Admission Call 334-830-4447 BULLS ON THE BEACH September 8-10, 2022 Orange Beach - Orr Park Admission 10:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. Call 205-665-1519 DOWNTOWN BOAZ AUGUST CAR SHOW September 9, 2022 Boaz - Downtown Admission - 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Call 256-593-8154 WHISTLESTOP WEEKEND 2022 September 9-10, 2022 Huntsville - John Hunt Park Admission Friday: 4:00 p.m. Saturday: 10:00 a.m. Call 256-564-8100 OKA KAPASSA NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN FESTIVAL September 9-10, 2022 Tuscumbia - Spring Park Call 256-383-0783 OLDE TYMERS ANTIQUE TRACTOR AND CLASSIC CAR SHOW September 10, 2022 Monroeville - 31 North Alabama Ave. 8:00 - 2:00 p.m. Call 251-923-7470 TINGLEWOOD FESTIVAL September 10, 2022 Montevallo - Orr Park 10:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. Call 205-665-1519 OLD CAHAWBA HISTORY AND NATURE AT OLD CAHAWBA

September 10, 2022 Orrville - Old Cahawba Archaeological Park Admission - 10:00 - 11:00 a.m. Call 334-872-8058 MONTE SANO ART FESTIVAL September 11, 2022 Huntsville - Monte Sano Park 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Call 256-519-2787 BOOM DAYS HERITAGE CELEBRATION September 17-18, 2022 Fort Payne - Downtown 10:00 a.m - 9:00 p.m. Call 256-845-3957 WINFIELD MULE DAY 2022 September 23-25, 2022 Winfield - Downtown 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Call 800-294-0692 2022 HOTC DOG FAIR September 24, 2022 Huntsville - Monte Sano State Park Event is free - $10 parking 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Call 256-534-7640 ***Please note that some of these events may be postponed or canceled due to COVID-19. Please contact the event directly in order to find out more information about the event.***

“What’s Happening in Alabama” Policy The AFC Cooperative Farming News publishes event listings as space allows, giving preference to agricultural events of regional or statewide interest and those that are annual or one-time events. The magazine assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of information submitted for publication and advises calling ahead to confirm dates, locations, times and possible admission fees. To be included in the calendar, send listings to: Cooperative Farming News Calendar of Events P.O. Box 2227 Decatur, AL 35609 -oremail to Calendar of Events at subscribe@alafarm.com *Please include name of event, where it will be held (both town and physical location), a phone number for more information, and an email or website.* *Event Listings must be received at least two months in advance and will be accepted up to a year in advance.*

August/September 2022

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August/September 2022

Articles inside

Shepherding Outdoors

Mossy Oak GameKeeper Kennels

What’s Happening in Alabama

The Co-op Pantry

Grazing Grace

Food Safety

Lawn & Garden Checklist

Magic of Gardening

Howle’s Hints

How’s Your Garden?

Farming Your Forest

Ryan Norris

Cooking with Stacy Lyn

Mossy Oak Gamekeeper

Shepherding Outdoors

Outdoor Logic with BioLogic

4-H Extension Corner

FFA Sentinel

PALS

Business of Farming

What’s the Point

Ag Insight

From the State Vet’s Office

Feeding Facts