Natural Resources and Vulnerability Assessment of an Ancestral Domain by Alan S. Cajes, PhD

2017 Natural Resources and Vulnerability Assessment of the Ancestral Domain Site of the Apo Governance and Indigenous Leadership Academy (AGILA)

Submitted by: Alan S. Cajes, PhD and Myra G. Julia, M.A.

Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP) sa Mindanao 2/13/2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I.

Executive Summary

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II.

Introduction

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Supporting Data (pH Preference of Various Plants) …………………. Instruments Used …………………………………… Documentations/Highlights of the Activities …….……………………. Original Certificate Title …………………………………… Identified Flora and Fauna ……………………………………

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III.

Objectives Significance of the Study Limitation of the Study

Methodology  

Locale of the Study Data Gathering, Procedure

IV.

Literature Review

Findings and Results  Hazard Assessment Matrices  Vulnerability Assessment Matrix  Capacity Assessment Matrix  Hazard Map  Identified Risk Factors  Transect Map  DRR-CCA Matrices  Conduct of the Consultative Meeting Among Brgy. Batasan Stakeholders  Soil Test Report and Analysis

VI.

Recommendations / Conclusions

VII.

Annexes     

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Hazards Identified in Brgy. Batasan

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Table 2: Hazard Assessment Matrix Table 2.1. Hazard Assessment Matrix of Typhoon Table 2.2. Hazard Assessment Matrix of Rain Table 2.3. Hazard Assessment Matrix of Flood Table 2.4. Hazard Assessment Matrix of Drought Table 2.5. Hazard Assessment Matrix of Earthquake Table 2.6. Hazard Assessment Matrix of Armed Conflict Table 3: Vulnerability Assessment Matrix Table 4. Capacity Assessment Matrix Table 4.1. Capacity Assessment Matrix of Typhoon Table 4.2. Capacity Assessment Matrix of Rain Table 4.3. Capacity Assessment Matrix of Flood Table 4.4. Capacity Assessment Matrix of Drought Table 4.5. Capacity Assessment Matrix of Earthquake Table 4.6. Capacity Assessment Matrix of Armed Conflict Table 5. DRR-CCA Matrix Table 5.1. DRR CCA Matrix of Drought Table 5.2. DRR CCA Matrix of Earthquake Table 5.3. DRR CCA Matrix of Armed Conflict Table 5.4. DRR CCA Matrix of Typhoon / Rain / Typhoon

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1: DRRM Framework

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Figure 2: Hazard Map (Drought)

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Figure 3: Hazard Map (Earthquake)

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Figure 4: Hazard Map (Rain / Typhoon)

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Figure 5: Hazard Map (Flood)

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Figure 6: Hazard Map (Armed Conflict)

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Figure 7: Transect Map

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Figure 8.1.: Soil Textural Triangle

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Figure 8.2: Soil Test Report (page 1)

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Figure 8.3: Soil Test Report (page 2)

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ACRONYMS ADDU – Ateneo de Davao University ADSDPP – Ancestral Domain Sustainability Development and Protection Plan AFP – Armed Forces of the Philippines AGILA - APO Governance and Indigenous Leadership Academy CCA – Climate Change Adaptation DAP – Development Academy of the Philippines DA – Department of Agriculture DsM – DAP sa Mindanao DRR – Disaster Risk Reduction IEC – Information Education Communication IP – Indigenous People LGU – Local Government Unit LGA – Local Government Agency MINDA – Mindanao Development Authority NPA – New People’s Army REAP - Research Engagement and Advocacy Program

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Natural Resources and Vulnerability Assessment of the Ancestral Domain Site of the Apo Governance and Indigenous Leadership Academy (AGILA)â&#x20AC;? RESEARCH STUDY I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study aims to (a) identify the bio-physical resources (flora and fauna) available in the ancestral domain area and the (b) hazards, risks and vulnerabilities to the natural and manmade disasters and climate-related risks in the 2,973.10 hectares of ancestral domain belonging to the Bagobo-Tagabawa people. This report also (c) identifies the existing strategies of the community in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation (DRR-CCA) that need to be integrated into the Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP). The study was conducted from October 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. The report covers Barangay Batasan, Municipality of Makilala, Province of North Cotabato. (a) Existing Flora and Fauna and Soil Analysis Barangay Batasan has a rich blend of flora and fauna, some of were located by the trained local researchers during the Transect mapping activity that they conducted under the guidance of the DAP researcher. Many kinds of fruit-bearing trees, flowers, shrubs and even insects and bodies of water were identified. Soil sampling was done in two locations in the barangay. The samples were sent to the Regional Soils Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture (DA) Region 11 for analysis. Although there is a strong pH content on the samples, selected root crops and vegetables can still grow and thrive. However, soil analysis is just one factor that must be considered in identifying crops that will be sustained in the area. A follow-up assessment on the environmental status, exact elevation of the land, and management skills of the people are needed to accurately determine the suitable and productive crops that may be grown and produced in the area. (b) Hazards, Risks and Vulnerability The trained local researchers identified the hazards in Brgy. Batasan. These hazards are typhoon/rain, flood, drought, earthquake, armed-conflict. There are a number of portions in the map, which they marked as extreme and high risks areas across all disasters. It can also be noted that their high vulnerability to disasters is partly due to the following unfortunate situations and practices (risk factors): 1. Use of inorganic farming 2. Practice of Illegal fishing 3. Improper waste disposal 5|P age

4. Limited information and education 5. Corruption resulting in sub-standard infrastructure projects â&#x20AC;&#x201C; (e.g. Housing projects, hydro-plant construction in Magpet which is supposed to be in Batasan, road widening, etc.) 6. Peace and order problem related to insurgency 7. Insufficient funds for the projects, especially those related to DRR-CCA 8. Limited enforcement of environmental policies and laws 9. Protracted implementation of RA No. 9003 10. Some residents are stubborn (lacking in concern and discipline) 11. Lack of early warning devices/systems (c) DRR-CCA Strategies The community identified forms of mitigating measures that they could do in the event of a disaster in their barangay. These measures include warning their own neighbors when there are already alerts of an impending disaster, children are provided with IECs on DRR, and community members built hanging bridges in rivers. The barangay officials can also provide assistance to the affected community members according to the elders during a consultative meeting held in Kidapawan City on Dec. 19, 206. However, there are still a lot to improve in terms of prevention and preparedness initiatives. The community needs to have an access to the local DRR funds as additional means to improvise early warning devices and procure DRR-related materials (e.g. boots, raincoats, disaster kits, etc.). The barangay needs to have concrete policies and knowledgeable people who could effectively implement such policies. Community volunteers are also needed to be trained on Basic Life Support, First Aid, Rescue, and other related disaster-response training so that they could respond to the needs of the community in times of disaster.

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II. INTRODUCTION Mindanao, in particular, is home to more than 61% of the country’s indigenous peoples, generally called Lumads, meaning native inhabitants. The Lumads are composed of more than 30 ethno-linguistic groups. Among them are the Ata, Matigsalug, Subanen, Blaan, T’boli, Mandaya, Mansaka, Teduray, Lambangian, Dulangan, Higaonon, Manobo, Bagobo, Caulo, Tagabawa, Obo, Banwaon, Kalagan, Dibabawon,Talaandig, Mamanwa, and Umayamnon among others. The list is enriched by including the Iranun, Badjao Sama, Bangingi, Yakan, etc. The ancestral domain claims of the lumads cover up to 7.7 million hectares of agro-forest areas, mineral reserves, watersheds, biodiversity sanctuaries, river systems, and coral reefs. These areas, just like the rest of the Philippines, are mostly susceptible to the dangers of disasters and climate change risks, such as typhoons, earthquakes, drought, flooding, etc. In addition to prayers, a lot of human effort must be undertaken to make the communities more resilient, i.e. to build and bounce back better. A number of initiatives have been initiated by the different sectors of society. Local and foreign-funded projects are on-going to counter and mitigate the effects of disasters. Among these interventions is the Research Engagement and Advocacy Program (REAP) of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) - Local Government Academy (LGA). Through the REAP, the Development Academy of the Philippines Mindanao Office was able to undertake this study in Barangay Batasan, Municipality of Makilala, Province of North Cotabato. 

Objectives

In particular, the study aims to address the natural, man-made, and climate related risks in the 2,973.10 hectares of ancestral domain of the Tagabawa-Bagobo Tribe. The related research questions include the following:   

What are the bio-physical resources that are available in the ancestral domain area? What is the current state of such natural resources? What are the hazards and risks in the ancestral domain area? What are the existing capacities and vulnerabilities? What are the disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies that need to be integrated into the existing ADSDPP?

Expected Outcomes   

Increased resiliency of the Tagabawa-Bagobo Tribe ancestral domain, especially the proposed site of AGILA Formulated/developed environmental and/or natural resources management plan Formulated/developed local disaster risk reduction-climate change adaptation (DRR-CCA) plan 7|P age

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Reduced costs associated with the risks from hazardous events in the area.

Expected Deliverables from Local Co-Researchers In contribution to the above stipulated outcomes, specifically, AGILA trained local coresearchers will be guided in preparing the following: I. Hazard assessment matrix of Barangay Batasan II. Vulnerability assessment matrix of Barangay Batasan III. Capacity assessment matrix of Barangay Batasan IV. Hazard map of Barangay Batasan V. Transect map VI. DRR-CCA matrix of Barangay Batasan VII. Agreements with the stakeholders and elders of the Bagobo-Tagabawa Tribe 

Significance of the Study We can’t ignore the Indigenous Peoples Indigenous peoples constitute 10-15 percent of the total population of the Philippines. By any count, we cannot dismiss the indigenous population’s contribution to our national patrimony and to our shared destiny. Challenges call for Leadership Almost every single day, indigenous communities, especially the Lumads in Mindanao, are confronted with complex challenges. They suffer from discrimination, poverty, lack of access to health and education services, human rights violations, commercialized tourism, religious proselytism and development aggression. Their territories have been used as battle grounds for diverse armed conflicts – not of their own making. Many are displaced by natural and man-made disasters. At times, they feel alienated even by those who help them. At the same time, new opportunities are emerging. Since the legislation of the Indigenous People’s Rights Act (IPRA) in 1997, thousands of hectares are now titled as ancestral domains. Hundreds of Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representatives (IPMR) are now active in local legislature. Indigenous Peoples Education Program has been institutionalized. Young indigenous professionals are now ready to serve as community mobilizers. And indigenous movements continue to make headlines, demanding policy change.

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Limitation of the Study In terms of limitations, the study will exclude any activity that will not be allowed by the tribe based on ethnic, cultural, religious or social realities, such as visit to sacred sites

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reserved only for certain types of individuals or visit to some areas where there are security and related threats. III. METHODOLOGY Locale of the Study The scope of the study is the APO Governance and Indigenous Leadership Academy (AGILA) site (200 hectares) and the 2,973.10 hectares of ancestral domain of the Tagabawa-Bagobo tribe, with Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title No. R12-Mak-1204-027. The actual site is in Batasan, Makilala, South Cotabato. Research Design and Data Gathering Procedures The activities proposed for the project are described below: a. Conduct coordinative meetings. This aims to present the scope of the project to the stakeholders, such as the AGILA officers, tribal leaders, LGUs, etc. and solicit their support. b. Review of related literature. This activity would include securing copies of reference materials (articles/books, reports, maps) as well as desk review of the collected materials. c. Assessment of natural resources. Stakeholders and key community informants will be briefed about the methodology and approach. The stakeholders will also be engaged in the conduct of participatory rapid rural appraisal using transect and related methods. Relevant experts, such as biologists and foresters, will also be tapped to provide technical inputs to the study as needed. Soil and water analysis will also be undertaken as part of this activity. Based on the data, the project will prepare an environmental management plan. d. Conduct of vulnerability assessment. This activity will look into three elements or components: the coping or adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure to specific climate variability and change (the hazard event). These elements are critical determining disaster risk reduction management in the short term and adaptation strategies in the long term for the target communities. e. Prepare the Disaster Risk Reduction â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Climate Change Adaptation Plan. The activities will use the framework below. This plan will be prepared and presented to the local stakeholders. Based on the inputs of the stakeholders, an enhanced version of the plan will be prepared and recommended for integration into the existing ADSDPP of the tribe, DRRM and CCA plans of the LGUs, as well as in the strategic and operational plans of AGILA. 9|P age

Figure 1: Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework

IV. LITERATURE REVIEW The Philippines ranks as the third most disaster-prone country in the world, next to Tonga and Vanuatu, because of its high exposure to natural calamities, according to the World Disaster Report 2012.1The effects of these calamities to the rural economy in Mindanao are particularly vicious as evidenced by the two most recent catastrophic events that hit the region in the last two years. In 2011, Typhoon Washi claimed the lives of close to 1,300 people and damaged an estimated 48.4 million USD worth of properties and livelihoods.2 The following year, Typhoon Bopha affected 6.3 million people, with more than 200,000 homes damaged or destroyed, and with the agriculture sector taking a heavy toll as large banana, coconut, corn, and rice farmsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; 1http://globalnation.inquirer.net/52858/philippines-is-3rd-most-disaster-prone-country-new-study-shows

See Final Report of Tropical Storm Washi in National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council in http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/358/Final%20Report%20re%20TS%20Sendong,%2015%20%2018%20December%202011.pdf 2

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the major sources of incomeâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;were flattened to the ground.3 It was estimated that the losses from Bopha at 780 million USD, a significant slice of the combined GDP of the Mindanao regions.4 What was remarkable with these two recent catastrophes was the fact that they struck in areas which have long been believed to be typhoon-free. The balance of scientific evidence suggests that extreme events such as Washi and Bopha will increase in frequency and severity. While the impact of sudden, discrete weather events have received the attention of decision-makers, the incremental, slow onset changes as a result of the changing climate has not gained as much interest even though there is possibility that the impacts of these, taken in aggregate terms, could be far more immense. Under the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (RA No. 10121), the LGUs are mandated to 1) Design, program and coordinate disaster risk reduction and management activities, 2) conduct risk assessments and contingency planning, 3) consolidate local disaster risk information and climate change risks, 4) maintain a local risk map, 5) conduct training, orientation and knowledge management activities on disaster risk reduction and management, 6) operate a multi-hazard early warning system, 7) formulate and implement a comprehensive, integrated local disaster risk reduction and management plan (LDRRMP), 8) identify, assess and manage hazards, vulnerabilities and risks, etc. Under the Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA No. 9279), the barangays are mandated to be directly involved in prioritizing the climate change issues and in identifying and implementing best practices and other solutions. The same law provides that the municipal LGUs shall consider climate change adaptation, as one of their regular functions. Climate change compounds what is already a difficult situation for many local communities in Mindanao. Already there is increasing trend in the frequency of extreme daily rainfall events and increasing trend in the intensity of extreme daily rainfall. The most optimistic climate scenario predicts of hot temperature and heavy precipitation becoming more frequent in future; with the number of days with the maximum temperature of above 35Â°C increasing. Extreme rainfall is also projected to increase particularly in the two other island groups of the Philippines â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Luzon and Visayas. V. FINDINGS / RESULTS The local co-researchers were able to submit matrices and maps under the technical guidance of the lead researcher through a training conducted for them last November and December 2016. They identified five main hazards in Brgy. Batasan, Makilala, North Cotabato (see Tables below).

3http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=97205 4http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-18/philippines-estimates-impact-of-storm-bopha-to-be-felt-next-year.html

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Table 1: Brgy. Batasan Hazards No. 1 2 3 4 5 A.

Hazards Typhoon / Rain Flood Earthquake Drought Armed Conflict

HAZARD ASSESSMENT MATRIX TABLE 2.1. Hazard Assessment for TYPHOON Characteristics

Elemento

Cause, Origin Force

Klima Murag malangkat ang atop; sin, buho etc.

Warning signs

Lagtum ang Dag-um

Forewarning

Frequency Duration

Description sa Hazard Mahitabo sa bulan Mayo , Hunyo, September ug sa November

Naay mga langgam nga mutingog ug manglupad ug mga mananap mutingog Walay mupahibalo gikan sa BLGU nga naay muabutay nga katalagman Halos magdumdum sa bulan basi nahisgutan sa pikas nga linya / kahon 1 hour to 10 hours

Exposure Epekto Nako Di kauma, walay eskuwela, walay trabaho, walay kita, walay mga lakaw

Epekto sa Komunidad Madaut ang tanum, lisud pagkuha pagkaon, landslide, daut kalsada, lubog ang tubig, walay meeting

TABLE 2.2. Hazard Assessment for RAIN (ULAN) Characteristics

Cause,Origin Force

Elemento

Klima Murag makaboslot ug atop, sin, buho etc. Sakit inig makadapat sa panit tungod sa kakusog

Description sa Hazard Magsugod sa Mayo hangatod sa Agosto

Exposure Epekto Nako Di kauma, walay eskuwela, walay trabaho,

Epekto sa Komunidad Madaut ang tanum, lisud pagkuha pagkaon, baha,

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Warning signs

Forewarning

Frequency Duration

Dag-um; sige ug kilat ug dalugdog Mga gangis ug tipaklong mutingog; Mga langgam ug ibos mulupad-lupad Walay mupahibalo gikan sa BLGU nga naay muabutay na katalagman

walay kita walay mga lakaw

landslide, daut kalsada, lubog tubig, walay meeting, dili katrabaho ug tarong ang mga ginikanan ug dili makatuon ug tarong ang mga bata kay magbrownout

1-3 kada semana gikan Mayo hantud Nobyembre 4 hours to 3 days

TABLE 2.3. Hazard Assessment for FLOOD (BAHA) Characteristics

Cause,Origin Force

Warning signs

Forewarning Frequency Duration

Elemento

Klima Mangaanod ang mga batang ug mga bato, mangaluad ang mga punan sa kahoy, makaguba ug tulay, etc. Magdahunog, kusog nga ulan Magpadaplin ang mga isda, mangaanud ang sagbot o mga kahoy Walay mupahibalo gikan sa BLGU nga naay muabutay na katalagman 1-5 kada tuig 2-8 ka oras

Description sa Hazard Magsugod sa Mayo hangtod sa Agosto ug usahay sa September to November ug mahitabo kada mokusog ang ulan

Exposure Epekto Nako Mupuyo sulod sa balay, walay trabaho (sa mga empleyado), walay kita, walay eskuwela

Epekto sa Komunidad Madaut ang tanum, lisud paglabang sa sapa, landslide, madaut kalsada, lubog ang tubig magsiyagit ug magkaguliyang

TABLE 2.4. Hazard Assessment for DROUGHT (INIT / HULAW) Characteristics

Cause,Origin Force

Warning signs

Elemento

Klima Murag makapaso sa panit sa tawo, makit-an ang hinungaw sa kainit, igang ang hangin, etc. Tugnaw inig kaadlawon

Description sa Hazard Magsugod sa Enero hangtud sa September

Exposure Epekto Nako Di kauma, walay kita Walay trabaho, gutom, hinay ang pag-apil sa mga tigum

Epekto sa Komunidad Madaut ang tanum, lisud pagkuha pagkaon, mahubas ang sapa-sapa (Creek) ug

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Forewarning

Frequency Duration

Naay langgam mutingog sa kaadlawon, mugawas ang wati/worms, magliki ang yuta, hawan ang langit (e.g. walay gabon, daghan bituon, etc.) Kung dili muulan sulod sa bulan sa Mayo. Walay mupahibalo gikan sa BLGU nga naay muabutay na katalagman, balita sa TV 1 ka beses sa sulod sa 67 na bulan matag tuig. 1-6 ka bulan sa usa ka tuig

mugamay ang suba o tubig, mangalawos ug mangamatay ang hayup ug tanum

TABLE 2.5. Hazard Assessment for EARTHQUAKE (LINOG) Characteristics

Cause, Origin

Force

Warning signs

Forewarning

Frequency

Duration

Elemento

Klima ug sa â&#x20AC;&#x153;drillingâ&#x20AC;? sa mga kumpanya (e.g. Phil. National Oil Company (PNOC) ug Energy Development Corporation (EDC)) Murag makalipong ug maguba ang balay nga dili concrete ug matunaw ug muliki ang yuta, etc. Magdahunog, manggawas ang mga mananap sa iyang pinuy-anan. Magkaguliyang o magkagubot ang mga mananap o langgam ug mga hayop. Walay mupahibalo gikan sa BLGU nga naay muabutay na katalagman

Description sa Hazard Natural: Dili magdumdum sa tuig ug bulan (kalit Mahitabo) Man-made: Halos matag tulo ka bulan

Exposure Epekto Nako Mataranta, mugawas sa balay, maglingkod sa yuta, mahadlok

Epekto sa Komunidad Matay-og ang yuta ug ang balay, mangatumba ang kahoy, mangaligid ang bato, landslide maniyagit / kabanha sa mga tawo ug mga mananap

Mahitabo halos 1-3 kada isa ka tuig (natural) Mahitabo halos 5-10 kada isa ka adlaw (man-made) 5-10 segundos (natural) 10-15 minutos (manmade)

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TABLE 2.6. Hazard Assessment for ARMED CONFLICT (GIYERA) Characteristics

Cause,Origin

Elemento

Force

Bangi sa mga armadong grupo â&#x20AC;&#x153;Crossfireâ&#x20AC;?

Warning signs

Balita sa mga silingan

Forewarning

Frequency Duration

Dunay presensiya ug operation sa mga armadong grupo Walay mupahibalo gikan sa BLGU nga naay muabutay na kaguliyang Kaisa o kaduha matag tuig 1-7 ka oras

Description sa Hazard Lain-laing buto sa mga bala sa armas Mahitabo panahon sa magkatagbo o magenkuwentro ang armado (Miltary and NPA)

Exposure Epekto Nako Di kauma, dili ka eskuwela, dili katrabaho, walay kita, mangasakit, mahadlok, ma-trauma

Epekto sa Komunidad Investors dili musulod kay mahadlok, mga balay natusak-tusak sa mga bala, nadaut ang mga tanum, mga tao ug hayop nangamatay, bakwit sa laing lugar, naay mahostage, mga tao nangasakit sa evacuation center, seguridad sa mga sibilyan nahimong delikado.

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VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT MATRIX Table 3: Vulnerability Assessment Matrix Categories Brgy. Batasan, Makilala Physical Vulnerability Land: 20% land area degraded; 10% of land area considered steep slopes Water: 5% water source is not potable; presence of sulfur Air: 5% polluted (because of local practices on burning garbages, cooking, etc.) Technical vulnerability Houses are located near slopes and flood-prone areas Economic Community livelihood dependent Vulnerability on (1) farming; (2) labor (P180200/day for services of 30/70% sharing on farm produce); and (3) barangay employment for IPs (5%). Environmental Presence of logging of fruit trees Vulnerability (e.g. marang, durian, rambutan, santol, etc.); small scale quarrying for housing; 50% uncemented roads and flood-prone; nonmaintenance of canals; low waterholding capacity of rivers; depleted number of natives fishes in water streams Behavioral Vulnerability

Examples Houses located near the river banks and “pangpang” or steep slope areas

Houses near the “pangpang” having a weak foundation Difficulty in livelihood for the miners, small businessmen could not buy goods; farmers could not transport their product, high price of commodities. Walay klaro nga serbisyo sa kuryente. River and roads were silted; logs coming from the mountain were floating

Some community members do Differences in principles, no unity among not listen to announcements; community people passive members in attending meetings/assemblies; list of community members aggregated by sex, age, pwd, elderly needs to be updated; mapping of households with PWDs, elderlies, pregnant women, children.

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CAPACITY ASSESSMENT MATRIX Table 4.1. Capacity Assessment Matrix of TYPHOON

Categories

Time Element

High Vulnerability

Survivability

During the Hazard event

Community members warn each other on potential danger during actual BAHA / FLOOD Barangay officials respond if there is only specific need and parentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s initiatives IECs for children in schools to skip classes when there is bad weather, provided during PTA meetings / assemblies and parents reminding their own children.

Before the Before the Hazard event

Readiness

Mitigation Prevention

During the Hazard event During hazard event Before the Hazard event

Medium Vulnerability

Low Vulnerability

Trees planning activities conduted. About 5 x since 1990s. Trees planted are Lanzones, Santol, Jack fruit, Lawaan; almond, Ulayan and other kinds of trees.

Table 4.4. Capacity Assessment Matrix of DROUGHT Categories

Time Element

High Vulnerability

Survivability

During the Hazard event

Community members warn each other on potential danger during actual DROUGHT / INIT Barangay officials respond if there is only specific need and parentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s initiatives IECs for children in schools to skip classes when there is bad weather, provided during PTA meetings / assemblies and parents reminding their own children.

Before the Before the Hazard event

Readiness

Mitigation Prevention

During the Hazard event During hazard event Before the Hazard event

Medium Vulnerability

Low Vulnerability

Magpundo ug pagkaon sa budiga , walay sayo nga pahibalo bahin sa umaabot nga kalamidad

Maghimo ug irigasyon, magtanum ug lagutmon sama sa; Camote, balanghoy, palaw, bisol, saging , ube magtipig ug kuwarta ug uban pa

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Table 4.5. Capacity Assessment Matrix of EARTHQUAKE Categories

Time Element

High Vulnerability

Survivability

During the Hazard event

Ang kumunidad magpahibaloanay kung adunay mahitabo nga LINOG Barangay officialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s motubag sa panginahanglan ug mga ginikanan mangeta ug kaugaalingong pamaagi Ang mga magtutudlo ug ginikanan sa mga bata nga dili una musulod sa klasi kung dili maayo ang kahimtang

Readiness

Mitigation Prevention

Before the Before the Hazard event During the Hazard event During hazard event Before the Hazard event

Medium Vulnerab ility

Low Vulnerab ility

Medium Vulnerab ility

Low Vulnerab ility

mopahbailo nga mupalayo sa dilikado nga lugar panahon sa paglinog o katalagman

Maghimo ug safety nga tigumanan, pahinumdum ug uban pa

Table 4.6. Capacity Assessment Matrix of ARMED CONFLICT Categories

Time Element

High Vulnerability

Survivability

During the Hazard event

*Ang kumunidad magpahibaloanay kung adunay mahitabo nga GIYERA / kaguliyang * Barangay officialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s motubag sa nagunang panginahanglan. * Ang mga ginikanan mangeta ug Kaugaalingong pamaagi sa pagsafety Panahon sa pagbotoboto. *Ang mga magtutudlo ug ginikanan sa mga bata magpahinumdum sa Pagabuhaton panahon sa giyera.

Before the Hazard event Readiness

Mitigation Prevention

During hazard event Before the Hazard event

Ang mga ginikanan motudlo sa maayong pagabuhaton panahon sa giyera o panagenkuwentro

*Maghimo ug safety nga tigumanan o bakwitanan, Ex: underground, paksol, kanal *pahinumdum o pahimangno ug uban pa

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HAZARD MAPS

Figure 2: Hazard Map of DROUGHT

Figure 3: Hazard Map of EARTHQUAKE

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Figure 4: Hazard Map of RAIN / TYPHOON

Figure 5: Hazard Map of FLOOD

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Figure 6: Hazard Map of ARMED CONFLICT

IDENTIFIED RISK FACTORS

Below is the list of the RISK FACTORS validated by the elders and leaders of Barangay Batasan during the consultative meeting: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Practice of inorganic farming Illegal fishing Improper waste disposal Lack of information and education Corruption resulting in sub-standard infrastructure projects â&#x20AC;&#x201C; (e.g. Housing projects, hydroplant construction in Magpet which is supposed to be in Batasan, road widening, etc.) 6. Peace and order problem related to insurgency 7. Insufficient funds for the projects, especially those related to DRR-CCA 8. Lack of enforcement of environmental policies and laws 9. Unsustainable implementation of RA 9003 10. Hard-headed, stubborn, lack of concern, lack of discipline on the part of the residents 11. Lack of early warning devices/systems

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TRANSECT MAP

Figure 7: Transect Map of Barangay Batasan, Makilala

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DRR-CCA MATRIX Table 5.1. DRR-CCA Matrix (Drought)

Risk Extreme: ●Kung mahitabo nga ang INIT / HULAW isa ka beses sa isa matag tuig ngadto sa lima (5) ka tuig hinungdan sa pagkadaut ug pagkamatay sa mga tanum, hayop ug mga tao.

Risk Avoidance/ Elimination and CCA ● Ibutang nga anaa sa maayong seguridad ang mapuy- an o pinuyanan. ● magbalhin sa safety nga mga lugar.

● Magtanum mga natural nga mga kahoy sa uluhan sa sapa, daplin sa sapa, sa mga bakilid kaayo aron dili diriktang muapekto ang sobrang kainit sa adlaw. ● Dili hilabtan an mga langgam, mananap ug mga natural nga mga tanum. ● likayan ang pagpasagad sa paghaling ug kalayo sa bisan asa nga lugar aron walay mahitabo nga sunog.

Risk Mitigation / Reduction and CCA

Risk Share / Transfer

● Mag-es tablisar ug (demofarm) kumon nga umahan aron matamnan ug mga tanum sama sa: Ube, Balanghoy, Gabi, Palaw, bulak anthodium, sayote, Kalot/Bae, Saging, abaca, Tubo, kape, prutas ug uban pa; tahhette, kawayan. ● Maghimo ug magandam ug tabungos o lata or kantener ( Stock) nga kabutangan ug pagkaon or bugas ug lagutmon ● Maktrabaho bisan pa panahon sa Hulaw / Init (ex. 1. Magtinagal, banggod ug balanghoy, gabi, bisol ug uban pa. 2. Maghimo ug silhig nga tahhette, kawayan para amakan) beeds making, hinabol/ loam waving, mat waving handy crafts, parlors and others).

Risk Retention / Acceptance ●Prepare stocks of food for consumption

●Coordinate with the BLGU on the: (1) identification of evacuation center; (2)prepositioning of non-food items (NFIs) * kits for the community members; (3) Procurement of emergency response equipment and kits (e.g. Boots, raincoats, flashlight, ropes, etc.)

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Table 5.2. DRR-CCA Matrix (Earthquake) Risk Extreme: ●Kung mahitabo nga ang LINOG / LINDOL isa ka beses sa isa matag bulan ngadto sa lima (5) ka beses sa isa ka tuig hinungdan sa pagkatunaw sa yuta ug pagkadaut sa mga tanum, hayop ug mga tao.

Risk Avoidance/ Elimination and CCA ● Ibutang nga anaa sa maayong seguridad ang mapuy- an o pinuyanan. ● magbalhin sa safety nga mga lugar ug pimuy-anan. ● Dili magbalay ug magpuyo sa daplin sa sapa ug sa mga bakilid kaayo nga lugar aron dili piligro sa pagka-dahili o landslide sa yuta ug maligid nga bato. ● Dili magpasagad sa pagbutang ug mga gamit nga posibleng mahulog aron layo sa piligro.

Risk Mitigation / Reduction and CCA

Risk Share / Transfer

● Mag-establisar ug (demofarm) kumon nga umahan aron matamnan ug mga tanum sama sa: Ube, Balanghoy, Gabi, Palaw,bulak anthodium, sayote, Kalot/Bae, Saging, abaca, Tubo, kape, prutas ug uban pa; tahhette, kawayan, ● Maghimo ug magandam ug tabungos o lata or kantener ( Stock) nga kabutangan ug pagkaon or bugas ug lagutmon ● Maktrabaho pagkahuman sa linog / lindol, ex. 1. Magtinagal, banggod ug balanghoy, gabe, bisol ug uban pa. 2. Maghimo ug silhig nga tahhette, kawayan para amakan) beeds making, hinabol/ loam waving, mat waving handy crafts, parlors and others.

Risk Retention / Acceptance ●Prepare stocks of food for consumption

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Table 5.3. DRR-CCA Matrix (Armed Conflict) Risk Extreme: ● Kung Mahitabo nga dunay KAGUBOT O GIYERA sa lugar sa isa ka beses ngadto sa 3 ka beses sa tulo ka bulan hinungdan sa pagpamakwit sa mga tawo.

Risk Avoidance/ Elimination and CCA ● Ibutang nga anaa sa maayong seguridad ang mapuy- an o pinuyanan. ● magbalhin sa safety nga mga lugar.

●Procurement or develop early warming Devices (e.g. Megaphones, agong, water-height meter, flags, duyan, crutches, kuratong,

Risk Mitigation / Reduction and CCA

Risk Share / Transfer

● Mag-establisar ug (demofarm) kumon nga umahan aron matamnan ug mga tanum sama sa: Ube, Balanghoy, Gabi, Palaw,bulak anthodium, sayote, Kalot/Bae, Saging, abaca, Tubo, kape, prutas ug uban pa; tahhette, kawayan, ● Maghimo ug magandam ug tabungos o lata or kantener ( Stock) nga kabutangan ug pagkaon or bugas ug lagutmon ● Maktrabaho human kagubot /giyera ex. 1. Magtinagal, banggod ug balanghoy, gabe, bisol ug uban pa. 2. Maghimo ug silhig nga tahhette, kawayan para amakan) beeds making, hinabol/ loam waving, mat waving handy crafts, parlors and others. ● Develop and Disseminate IEC materials on DRR/CCA (e.g. no to illegal logging, Kaingin, kalot ug yuta nga sobra kalalum, paggamit

● mag- organizes ug gropu nga magalihok kanunay nga magapahinumdum ilabina sa panahon sa katalagman. ● establish ug safety nga lugar nga mapuy-an panahon sa katalagman. ● establish of partners group ; PO, NGO and individual. ●Coordinate with the BLGU on the: (1) identification of evacuation center; (2)prepositioning of non-food items (NFIs) * kits for the community members; (3) Procurement of emergency response equipment and kits (e.g. Boots, raincoats, flashlight, ropes, etc.)

Risk Retention / Acceptance ●Prepare stocks of food for consumption

●Complete the database of community members and number of households with aggregation on age, gender,

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Risk

Risk Avoidance/ Elimination and CCA etc.)

●Information Dissemination through Barangay assemblies, meetings, etc. on the guidelines on the use of early warning devices

Risk Mitigation / Reduction and CCA

Risk Share / Transfer

ug fertilizer, pesticides, etc.)

disability, elderly, IP, pregnant women, etc.)

●

●Advocate for the efficient utilization of the 5% DRRM funds of the BLGU

Risk Retention / Acceptance

●Formation of Barangay Emergency Response Teams (BERTs) ●Capacity building Activities for BERTs ●Coordinate with BLGU on health insurances for volunteers * NFI Items: >> Soap, msdicines; >> (Lagnat, Sipon, Ubo, diarrhea) >> Clothes, sanitary x 500ᶧᶧ Households >> Napkins, Slippers >> Bottles, Water, >> Banig, Kumot etc.

>> Childrens kits: >> Bag, Pencil, Eraser, >> Crayons, Notebooks >> Stress balls, Toys, >> Raincoats, Umbrellas old

x No. of children (o-12 years

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Table 5.4. DRR-CCA Matrix (TYPHOON, RAIN, FLOOD) Risk Extreme: Continuous rain for 4hours to 3days causing damage to farms and disruption of income generating activities

Risk Avoidance/ Elimination & CCA

Risk Mitigation/ Reduction & CCA

Risk share/ transfer

Transfer to safer sites

Look for indoor jobs that can be done even during typhoons (e.g. making of rattanmade products, etc.)

Coordinate with the BLGU on the: (1) identification of evacuation centers; (2) prepositioning of non-food items (NFIs)* kits for the community members; (3) procurement of emergency response equipment and kits (e.g. Boots, raincoats, flashlights, ropes, etc.) Complete the database of community members and number of households with aggregation on age, gender, disability, elderly, IP, pregnant women, etc.) Advocate for the efficient utilization of the 5% DRRM funds of the BLGU.

Ripraping activities to areas which are landslide and flood prone (e.g. natural or man-made)

Procurement or develop early warning devices (e.g. megaphones, agong, water-height meter, flags, duyan, crutches, etc.)

Information dissemination through baranggay assemblies, meetings, etc. on the guidelines on the use of early warning devices

Develop and disseminate IEC materials on DRR/CCA (e.g. no to illegal logging, etc.)

Risk retention/ acceptance Prepare stocks of food for consumption

Formation of Barangay Emergency Response Teams (BERTs)

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Risk

High: Suspension of classes

Risk Avoidance/ Elimination & CCA

DRR IEC Materials distribution in schools

Coordinate schools to conduct emergency drills in schools, at least twice per year

Risk Mitigation/ Reduction & CCA

Risk share/ transfer Capacity building activities for BERTs Coordinate with BLGU on health insurances for volunteers Coordinate with the Barangay education committee and schools on the formation of School DRRM Structureresponsible for DRRM/CCA activities in schools Coordinate with SDRRM Structure on sharing responsibilities of organizing Children Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) Organization of Children Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) Procurement of items inside children's kits**

Risk retention/ acceptance

Identify Alternative Learning Spaces (ALS) for children to continue studies

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CONSULTATION WITH THE STAKEHOLDERS AND ELDERS IN THE IP ANCESTRAL DOMAIN OF TAGABAWA-BAGOBO TRIBE A total of 23 elders and leaders (M=11 F=12) in Barangay Batasan attended the consultation meeting on December 20, 2016. The meeting was held at ABC Hotel in Kidapawan City. The Hazard maps, Vulnerability, Capacity assessment, and the DRR-CCA matrices were presented to them for their inputs and validation. Hazard maps were displayed in walls. The attendees commented on the maps while the three local researchers documented the discussion. The Vulnerability, Capacity Assessment and DRR-CCA Matrices were presented in the plenary while the participants provided additional inputs and validated some data placed in the table. These were all officially noted and were incorporated to the revised and final maps submitted to DAP (found under V.D. Maps).

SOIL TEST REPORT Two soil samples from different areas (Purok 4 and Purok 6 in Brgy. Batasan) were gathered by the local researchers together with Dr. Alan Cajes, during their visit to the area last November 11-12, 2016. These were tested at Department of Agricultureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Regional Soils Laboratory. Results contain the following reports on: a. Soil Testing This portion talks about the soilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pH or the degree of acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7 is neutral. The lower the pH (below 7), the more the acidic the soil is. On the other hand, the higher the pH (above 7), the soil becomes more alkaline. It is important to know the pH of a soil because the availability of most nutrient elements for plant growth and occurrence of toxicity of elements is related to soil pH. Most plant nutrients are in readily available form at soil pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. Hence, most plants prefer to grow within this range. However, nutritional disorders usually appear when pH values become higher or lower following shows the nutritional disorders observed in relation to soil pH.

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Soil pH

Disorder

Lower than 5.0

Deficiencies of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and molybdenum. Toxicities of aluminium, iron and manganese

Higher than 7.5

Deficiencies of phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc

Other primary nutrients discussed in this portion are the following: i. ii. iii.

Nitrogen (organic material/OM) percentage - gives the dark green color to leaves. Phosporus (P) parts per million (ppm) - stimulates early root formation and growth Potash (K) ppm - imparts disease resistance and increase vigor to plants.

b. Chemical Characterization This portion discusses the exchangeable bases of the following: i. ii. iii.

Calcium (Ca) – which is essential to utilize in cell division and involvement in nitrogen metabolism. It is also responsible in the development in the terminal bud and flowering of plants. Magnesium (Mg) – A nutrient which is part of the chlorophyll. It participates in the activity of enzymes and assist in translocation This part alspo discusses of phosphorus plant. Sulfur (S) – responsible and necessary for the transformation of several amino acids which are used to form protein for plants. Sulfur also influences sugar metabolism.

c. Trace Elements The parts per million (ppm) of trace elements or micro-nutrients are also monitored, identified and analysed since these are also important in the growth, maturity, protein synthesis of plants that is growing or will be grown in the area. i.

Boron (B) – enhance development of actively growing tissues; necessary for pollen viability and good seed set. 31 | P a g e

ii. iii. iv. v.

Copper (Cu) – plays a major part of photosynthesis enzymes and very important during the plants reproductive stage. Iron (Fe) – promotes formation of chlorophyll. Manganese (Mn) – part of important enzymes involved in respiration and protein synthesis. Zinc (Z) – Catalyst for plant growth regulators and affects plant maturity.

d. Physical Characterization Soil classification is determined through the percentage of its mechanical composition: sand, silt and clay. This part of the analysis demonstrates the percentages of the compositions for precise classification which uses a Soil Textural Triangle5 as seen in Figure: 8.1. on the right side. Below are of the soil results of soil submitted analysis:

copies test the two samples for data

Figure Textural Triangle

8.1. Soil

http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AC172E/AC172E04.htm Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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Figure 8.2.: Soil Test Report (Page 1) The soil sample in Figure 8.2. was taken from Purok 6, Batasan, Makilala, North Cotabato. Based on the physical characterization of the soil sample with most of it are made up of sand (73.8%), the soil type is Sandy Loam. The soil is strongly acidic at 4.4 pH. While most of the plants can grow at any given pH, it is not a guarantee that these will be productive. Based on the pH Preference of Various Plants Table found in Annex: I, there is no plant that has pH reference of below 4.5. Although, there is a very high content of Nitrogen (organic matter) found in the soil, primary nutrients are found to be relatively low with a very low content on Phosporus (P) at 3ppm and possibly deficiency of Potash (K) with 118 ppm only. Secondary nutrients are also averaged as very low: Calcium (1.67) and Magnesium (0.04). 33 | P a g e

Micronutrients are also averaged as “below average”: Copper (Cu) – Below average (4.63) Zince (Z) – Low (.94) Iron (Fe) – Below average (63.4)

Manganese (Mn) – well below average (3.35) Boron content however were found to be “normal” at 1.3 Figure 8.3.: Soil Test Report (Page 2) The above soil sample was taken from Purok 4, Batasan, Makilala, North Cotabato. Based on the physical characterization of the soil sample with most of it are made up of sand (67.8%), the soil type is still Sandy Loam just like the one above. However, the acidity for this soil sample is less than that of the sample above at 4.8 pH. Hence, the following plants can be planted in Purok 4: coffee (4.5 – 7.0), Jute (4.7 -6.8), kudzu (4.5 – 7.5), falcate (4.5 – 6.5), potato (4.8 – 6.5), tomato (4.5 – 6.5), tugue or yam (4.5 – 6.5) and ube (4.5 – 6.5). Primary nutrients are found to be relatively low with a medium percentage content for Nitrogen (OM or organic matter) at 3.2%, very low content on Phosporus (P) at 1ppm and average Potash with 381 ppm. 34 | P a g e

Secondary nutrients for the sample shows low in Calcium (1.79) content and very low content for Magnesium (.0.02). More for its micronutrients which averaged as “below average”: Copper (Cu) – Below average (5.13) Zince (Z) – Low (1.13) Iron (Fe) – Below average (67.0) Manganese (Mn) – well below average 5(.22) Boron content fall below the level of “Deficient” with 0.60. In a meeting with Mr. Robert David, soil technician from the Department of Agriculture in Region 11, he said that “generally, all plants can grow and thrive in any given area. The only question is, ‘will these plants be productive or not.’” Hence, a soil analysis will only be one factor to consider in determining which suitable crops can be planted in any given area especially if the goal is to start-up a livelihood. There are other factors, aside from soil analysis, that need to be accounted for if communities will decide to grow crops for livelihood. These are:   

Environment – the climate of the area where every crop grow is important in its reproduction and sustainability. Elevation – certain crops and plants do grow but not necessarily productive given certain elevations of land Farm management – capacity and skills of the people who manages crops

There are books that will enumerate all existing crops with a corresponding requirement in terms of these factors stated above. Hence, a simple soil analysis cannot be a sole determinant for crops suitability and productivity.

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VI. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Local DRRM Plans The assessment results submitted to DAP can be the references on activities that may be conducted to accomplish the remaining deliverables planned for this research and advocacy program. These can be a good document to formulate the following plans of Brgy. Makilala: 1. Environment Management Plan (EMP) 2. Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan (LDRRMP) Water sampling and analysis tests may be performed as an additional input to the barangayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s formulation of its Environmental Plan. Approved EMP and LDRRMP will be incorporated to the Ancestral Domain Sustainability Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) of Brgy. Batasan. Soil Analysis A recommendation under this is a conduct of another round of assessment that will determine (1) exact elevation of the area, (2) existing environmental situation and (3) capacity needs assessment for farmers. There are a lot of good lands to plant but are not productive since some people lack the management skills needed to sustain a farm. Results of the three assessments will be combined with the Soil Analysis report to determine crops suitable and productive to grow in Purok 4 and 6.

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ANNEXES: I.

PH PREFERENCE OF VARIOUS PLANTS

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II.

INSTRUMENTS USED a. Hazard assessment Characteristic

Element

Description of hazard

Exposure Effect to me

Effect to community

Causes, Origin

Force Warning signs Forwarning Frequency Duration

b. Vulnerability Assessment Categories Physical Vulnerability Technical vulnerability Economic Vulnerability

Environmental Vulnerability Behavioral Vulnerability

c. Capacity Assessment 38 | P a g e

CATEGORIES TIME ELEMENT High Vulnerability Survivability

Readiness

Medium Vulnerability

Low Vulnerability

During the Hazard event

Before the Hazard event During the hazard event

Before the Hazard event

Mitigation Prevention

d. DRR-CCA Matrix Risk Avoidance/ Elimination & CCA

Risk Mitigation/ Reduction & CCA

Risk share/ transfer

Risk retention/ acceptance

Extreme High Medium Low

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III.

COORDINATIVE MEETING REPORTS AND ATTENDANCE SHEETS Dates

Title of the Activity

September Strategic Planning 7, 2016 Workshop of AGILA October 7, 2016

Coordination Meeting with AGILA

October 26-27, 2016

Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Workshop

November 11-12, 2016

Workshop Meeting with the AGILA Local researchers

December 2, 2016

Meeting with AGILA Local Researchers re: Updates and submission on the deliverables Consultation with Stakeholders on the results of the assessments conducted (e.g. DRR/CCA Matrix, Hazard maps, etc.)

December 20, 2016

Location MINDA Conference Room, Bajada, Davao City AGILA Office, AdDU, Davao City Bahay Alumni, Brokenshire Compound, Madapo Hill, Davao City Don Bosco, Kidapawan City DsM Conference Room, Davao City ABC Hotel, Kidapawan City

Documentation Report / Minutes of the Meeting

Attendance Sheet

Activity Report_AGILAStratPlan (September 7, 2016).docx

Activity Report_CoordinationMtg (Oct 7, 2016).docx

October 27-28,

Activity 2016.JPG Report_DRR-CCA Workshop (Oct. 26-27, 2016).docx

Minutes of the Nov. 11-12, meeting (Nov. 12, 2016) - Dr. Alan 2016.JPG Cajes.docx

Minutes of the Dec. 2, 2016.JPG Meeting (Dec. 2, 2016).docx

Dec. 20, 2016.zip

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IV.

ORIGINAL CERTIFICATE OF TITLES

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IDENTIFIED FLORA AND FAUNA Flowers

Trees Flow ers.docx

Grasses / Shrubs

Trees.docx

Bodies of Water Grasses-shrubs.doc x

Bodies of w ater.docx

Insects Insects.docx

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