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‫√‪l¹—UA*« —U³š‬‬

‫ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫إﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﺟﺴﺮ ﻣﻮراﻧﺪي‬ ‫‪Re-Construction of Genoa Bridge in Italy‬‬

‫ ‪tM ¡eł —UON½≈ q³ d '« qJý `{uð W¹uł WDI‬‬

‫«'‪d '« s —UN½≈ Íc « ¡e‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺟﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮة ﻓﻲ إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ وراح ﺿﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪ ٤٣‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻫﻮت ﺑﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎراﺗﻬﻢ ‪٤٥‬م ودﻓﻨﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ا‪4‬ﻧﻘﺎض ﺳﻴﺎرات وﺷﺎﺣﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻳﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫وﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎذا ﻧﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺎرﺛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮوﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺰت ا‪4‬وﺳﺎط اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫أوروﺑﺎ وﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﺟﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮراﻧﺪي ﺟﺰء‪ L‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺟﻨﻮى ا‪P‬ﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ أﻧﺸﻲء ﻋﺎم ‪١٩٦٧‬م وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫رﻳﻜﺎردو ﻣﻮراﻧﺪي اﻟﺬي اﺷﺘﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﻨﺰوﻳﻼ‪ .‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ وﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ‪١.٢‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ وﻗﺪ ﺧﻀﻊ ‪4‬ﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻋﺎم ‪١٩٩٠‬م وﻋﺎم ‪٢٠١٦‬م‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ﻫﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم إﻧﻬﺎر اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﺳﻘﻂ ﺟﺰء‬ ‫≤‪¡UM³ « ±‬‬

‫‪12 Albenaa‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻄﻮل ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ أودى ﺑﺤﻴﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺬروة ﻇﻬﺮ‪ L‬وﺳﻘﻂ ﻓﻮق ﺳﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ وﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬وأرﺟﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ﺳﺒﺐ ا‪P‬ﻧﻬﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻴﺐ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻫﻼك أﺳﺎﺳﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫وﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﺼﺪأ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﺰﻣﻦ دون‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ دورﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﻳﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻘﻄﻪ ‪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻴﺎرة وﻗﺪ أﺻﺪرت ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ٢٠١٦‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬ ‫ا‪P‬ﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ أﻧﻄﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺘﺸﻴﺶ‬ ‫أن اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻗﻮع اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮة وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ أو ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺣﻴﺚ أﻛﺪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻞ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ زﻻزل‬ ‫ورﻳﺎح دور‪ L‬ﻓﻲ ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪WOŽUM WIDM Ë b¹bŠ WJÝ ‚u d '« lI¹‬‬ ‫‪The bridge was completed in‬‬ ‫‪1967 with restructuring work‬‬ ‫‪being undertaken in 2016.‬‬ ‫‪Major repairs were also‬‬ ‫‪carried out in the 1990s.‬‬ ‫‪Work to shore up the bridge’s‬‬ ‫‪foundation was being carried‬‬ ‫‪out at the time of the collapse,‬‬ ‫‪during which time it was being‬‬ ‫‪constantly monitored.‬‬ ‫‪A section of the bridge mea‬‬‫‪suring about 200m fell during a‬‬ ‫‪violent cloudburst.‬‬

‫‪The Morandi bridge carries a‬‬ ‫‪major road, the A10 toll mo‬‬‫‪torway, which serves the Italian‬‬ ‫‪Riviera and links‬‬ ‫‪northern Italy to France.‬‬ ‫‪It was designed by Riccardo‬‬ ‫‪Morandi who also designed the‬‬ ‫‪much larger Lake Maracaibo‬‬ ‫‪bridge in Venezuela.‬‬ ‫‪The 1.2km (0.8 mile) long‬‬ ‫‪bridge spans the Polcevera wa‬‬‫‪terway, railway lines and various‬‬ ‫‪industrial buildings.‬‬