URKU PURA

a tale of two volcanoes

by: Alejandro Viteri Paz

Work Team: Architectural Design

& Project Development: Alejandro Viteri

a.viteripaz94@gmail.com

Interior Design: Carla Altamirano

carlaltamirano95@hotmail.es

Landscaping: Romina Delgado

rominadeltob@gmail.com

Visualization: CRO Studio

proyectos@cro.studio

Owner: Davila Garcia Family

Site

Interiors

Landscaping

Sustainability

Rendering

Between legends of natural colossi, the traveler faces an imminent duality within a glass box. This environment, never before seen in such proximity, reflects easily recognizable beauties, yet this time with a distinctive language and a semantics that, while embracing the new and artificial, preserves the ancestral and natural. Like an explorer in uncharted territories with a dictionary always at hand, the traveler, throughout his journey between solid voids and glass openings, surrenders to reinterpreting every spatial line with elements that evoke ancient textures and childhood memories. Immersed in what seems to be a vast lake without a defined horizon, the traveler finally kneels to contemplate the expanses of ancient volcanoes.

Entwined with the inevitable contrast, he allows himself to experience the immediate introspection of past experiences and the distant projection of what is yet to be discovered.

A. VITERI,

2024

SITE LOCATION AND CLIMATE

LOCATION AND CLIMATE

Located in northern Ecuador, Imbabura is a province rich in natural resources, ecotourism, cultural diversity, and industrial growth, nestled within the Andean region. The geography of Imbabura is marked by impressive mountains and valleys, with elevations that span from 1,200 meters above sea level in the valleys to over 4,000 meters at the peaks, flanked by volcanoes and lakes. Notably, the Imbabura and Cotacachi volcanoes are iconic in the region, serving as both cultural symbols and major attractions for visitors.

The province’s climate shifts with altitude, creating distinct zones. In the valleys and lower areas, such as the Antonio Ante canton, the climate is temperate, with average temperatures between 15°C and 25°C. Higher areas, like Ibarra, experience cooler conditions, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C.

Imbabura has two main climatic seasons: a dry season from June to September and a rainy season from March to May. This climate variety supports a diverse agriculture that includes highland crops like corn, potatoes, and beans, alongside subtropical fruits in the lower areas.

BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Traditional Imbabura architecture is well-suited to the region’s specific climatic conditions, blending cultural identity with environmental responsiveness. Interior courtyards are integral to local building layouts, promoting cross-ventilation and natural lighting, which helps maintain a cool, well-ventilated indoor atmosphere. These courtyards serve as communal spaces within homes, fostering social interaction and a strong connection to nature.

Thick earthen walls provide essential thermal insulation, protecting interiors from external temperature changes. Raised plinths are another defining feature, elevating structures above ground moisture and enhancing their durability.

The use of locally sourced materials—adobe, rammed earth, volcanic stone, and eucalyptus wood—highlights sustainable design and reinforces structural resilience. Reed (carrizo) in walls and ceilings adds flexibility, making these structures lighter and more earthquake-resistant, all contributing to a built environment that harmonizes with its natural surroundings.

LOCAL VEGETATION

Vegetation in Imbabura is adapted to the temperate, semi-arid Andean climate, thriving on limited water resources and cooler temperatures. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) is a dominant species, highly valued in construction and as a primary source of firewood. Pine (Pinus radiata) is cultivated in forest plantations for its utility in lumber production and erosion control. Agave (Agave americana), which is highly droughtresistant, is commonly used for erosion control, fencing, and landscaping.

Other native species, such as capulí (Prunus serotina) and cabuya (Furcraea andina), provide both ecological and economic benefits, with cabuya fibers traditionally used in rope-making.

The hardy shrub chilca (Baccharis latifolia) contributes to soil stabilization. Gardens across the region showcase ornamental plants like geraniums (Pelargonium), hydrangeas (Hydrangea), and roses (Rosa), reflecting the region’s rich biodiversity and adding color to the local landscape.

SITE LOCATION

EXISTING SITE

The project site is situated within Antonio Ante, in the Santiago del Rey sector, a rural area that fosters the development of a contemporary and forward-thinking residential model. This location, with its gentle topography and slight northward slope, is surrounded by natural vegetation, making it conducive to integrating modern, sustainable design concepts. Defined by unpaved roads and dispersed residential areas, the site’s perimeter provides a peaceful environment conducive to residential innovation.

Privileged views of the Imbabura volcano to the south and Cotacachi to the north contribute significant landscape value to the site. These vistas, coupled with the proximity to rural homes and natural beauty, underscore the potential for an architectural project that is visually and functionally integrated with its environment. The balance achieved between the natural and built environment will allow the project to serve as an example of modern architecture that respects and complements its surroundings.

CLOSE UP

CLIMATE AND SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE

Utilizing Andrew Marsh’s 3D Sun Path software, the relationship between the site’s geographic location and solar position is analyzed. In January, following the December solstice, the sun is positioned slightly to the south, maximizing sunlight in south-facing areas. During the equinox in March, the sun aligns directly above the equator, resulting in balanced sunlight distribution across the site. Approaching the June solstice, the sun shifts northward, enhancing solar exposure on northern-facing slopes, particularly around midday.

The region’s temperate climate and seasonal temperature range allow for implementing various passive architectural strategies. Overhangs and shading devices will be used to control solar gain and limit direct exposure during warmer months. Cross ventilation, facilitated by windows on opposite facades, will maintain air circulation, helping to cool interior spaces. Skylights will optimize natural lighting within the building’s central spaces, reducing reliance on artificial lighting. Finally, cool exterior materials and textures will help prevent excessive heat accumulation, promoting a comfortable and energy-efficient indoor climate year-round.

CONCEPT ETYMOLOGY: IMBA BURA

ETYMOLOGY: IMBA BURA

Some sources suggest that “Imbabura” derives from the Caranqui language, where it is thought to mean “place of preñadilla,” a reference to the region’s fertility and agricultural richness. This interpretation aligns with Imbabura’s historical significance as a vital agricultural zone with abundant biodiversity and a center of food production during the preColumbian period. However, beyond its basic etymology, “Imbabura” carries layers of symbolic meaning that have evolved, linking the landscape with indigenous cultural beliefs.

In the Kichwa language, the name “Imbabura” takes on further depth: “imba” is often associated with mountains and water, both key elements in Andean cosmology. Meanwhile, the suffix “bura” or “pura” is understood as “place” or “region.” Therefore, “Imbabura” could be interpreted as “place of water” or “mountain of the lake,” a fitting reference to the Imbabura volcano’s proximity to Lake San Pablo. In Andean traditions, mountains—or apus—are revered as spiritual guardians and life-giving entities. Thus, the name Imbabura encompasses not only geographical features but also the profound relationship between indigenous peoples and the natural world.

INTERPRETATION

Another interpretation of “Imbabura” arises from an alternative breakdown of Kichwa roots: “impa,” meaning “margin” or “edge,” and “pura,” denoting an “intermediate place” or “between.” Accordingly, “Imbabura” might translate as “the place between margins,” describing a unique geographical position between significant volcanic formations. These “margins” are the natural boundaries formed by the Imbabura and Cotacachi volcanoes, which frame a fertile valley, giving the area its identity and distinctiveness.

The Imbabura volcano to the south of this valley stands as a protector, embodying fertility and vitality, while the Cotacachi volcano to the northwest also serves as a guardian and spiritual symbol.

The proximity of these two geological landmarks not only defines the region spatially but also endows it with cultural meaning. This “place between margins” becomes a dynamic territory where natural and cultural forces converge, with the volcanoes acting as protectors and vital reference points.

LEGEND AMONG VOLCANOES

The local mythology of Imbabura and Cotacachi further enriches the cultural landscape through a renowned love story.

According to legend, Taita Imbabura (Father Imbabura) and Mama Cotacachi (Mother Cotacachi) are two “volcano lovers” that dominate the region’s skyline. It is said that at night, Taita Imbabura visits Mama Cotacachi, and from their union, the rivers and lakes that nourish the fertile lands in the valley arise. One such “child” of this mythical couple is said to be Lake San Pablo, which lies at the base of the Imbabura volcano.

This myth encapsulates the themes of fertility and interdependence between land and water, both vital to life in the region. Through these stories, indigenous people express a complex relationship with the environment, deeply imbued with emotional and spiritua l connections to natural elements that shape both their territory and worldview.

CONCEPT

The architectural vision for the project is rooted in the concept of duality, an exploration of the relationship between contrasts and their balanced coexistence within the spatial environment. This duality is evident on multiple levels: between nature and b uilt form, tradition and modernity, and between the enduring presence of the volcanoes that embody both strength and tranquility. The objective is to foster dialogue among these elements, where each complements the other. By embracing aspects of local culture and landscape, the project seeks to reflect the distinct characteristics of the region, while also reinterpreting them with a conte mporary perspective. This approach not only seeks balance but allows the space to become a site of reflection on the interconnectedness of humans with their surroundings, where distinctions merge to create a new architectural narrative that respects and celebrate s Imbabura’s cultural and natural heritage.

DEVELOPMENT AND PARTI

Based on this synthesis of geographical and cultural insights, the project adopts the name Urku Pura (Urku: volcano; Pura: between), establishing itself as a symbolic presence “between” the two iconic volcanoes of Imbabura and Cotacachi. Much like the region’s mythic narrative, this architectural proposal seeks to embody the union and interaction of nature’s forces. From its inception, the project has been designed to embody the concepts of duality, contrast, and reinterpretation, while being firmly grounded in the natural and cultural context of Imbabura.

In this way, it does not aim to replicate the existing architectural forms of the region but to reinterpret the region’s environmental lessons, creating a dialogue between tradition and innovation. Rather than merely reproducing local forms or materials, the project strives for a harmonious contrast with its surroundings. This vision honors the past by transforming it, allowing the building to stand as a symbol of both present and future.

In this sense, Urku Pura harmonizes the traditional with the contemporary, establishing itself as a benchmark that honors the cultural roots of the region while paving the way for new expressions of architectural creativity in Imbabura.

ARCHITECTURE

SITE PLAN

DESIGN STRATEGY

Reinterpretation and contrast serve as foundational principles in the architectural design, evident in both the volumetric composition and the prominent elements organizing the spatial layout. Covering a gross area of 1,300 m², the residence is distributed across two floors, centrally positioned on the plot to maximize functionality and visual impact. The contrasting volumes create a dynamic interplay of imposing elements and clean lines, fostering fluid circulation and enriching the spatial experience. Special attention is given to visual endpoints that enhance the structure’s presence and integration with the landscape.

Consistent with the client’s specifications, the design emphasizes straight lines and sightlines toward the volcanoes, positioning the residence as a bridge between interior and exterior spaces. This visual connectivity encourages residents to appreciate the surrounding natural beauty. The patio functions as a focal element, acting as the home’s core and promoting interaction with nature. Through these design choices, the project respects regional architectural traditions while transforming them, establishing a harmonious dialogue between the constructed environment and the natural landscape.

VOLUMETRIC DEVELOPMENT

The project site offers two main access points: a southern entrance designated for service access and a northern entry as the primary approach. This dual-access strategy optimizes movement and supports functionality throughout the site. Municipal regulations define the buildable boundaries, guiding the placement and scale of the volumes. A central vertical circulation core becomes a defining architectural feature, establishing spatial hierarchy and connecting both floors, reinforcing the organization and user flow within the residence.

Two primary volumes make up the design, conceptually inspired by local topography and symbolizing the Imbabura and Cotacachi volcanoes. A rounded form represents the feminine, contrasting with a square structure representing the masculine, forming a balanced interplay that embodies duality and unity within the landscape. Respecting local height regulations, the design strategically positions windows and views to maximize the visual relationship with the landscape, creating a seamless link between the built structure and its natural setting.

VOLUMETRIC DEVELOPMENT

The overall massing differentiates between the residence’s public and private functions. The first floor accommodates communal and recreational areas to foster interaction, while the second floor provides private spaces for contemplation. Strategic openings within the main volume frame specific views and create focal points, such as inviting corners that encourage moments of reflection. This articulation enhances natural light and ventilation, supporting the project’s passive design objectives.

A central circulation spine serves as the primary organizing element. On the first floor, it connects the shared areas, while on the second floor, it extends outward, framing expansive views of the surrounding landscape. The main entrance, prominently situated, is complemented by a secondary entrance for daily use, providing flexibility and a smooth flow within the residence. These defined pathways create a fluid transition, inviting exploration throughout the home.

GROUND FLOOR

Upon entering the ground floor, a double-height foyer serves as a dramatic entrance, facing the central circulation core and featuring a substantial wall that directs movement and accentuates the space’s height. Adjacent to the foyer, the living room and dining room connect seamlessly to a bar, while the kitchen, complete with a breakfast nook, offers a practical space for daily use.

Additional functional areas include a service room and a television room. Outdoors, a lounge connects to the pool and surroundi ng amenities, promoting interaction with the natural setting.

UPPER FLOOR

On the upper floor, a glass corridor links various rooms, emphasizing the double-height foyer’s openness. The project includes secondary circulation through an elevator. Three secondary bedrooms, each carefully designed, share access to a communal terrace that frames views of the landscape. The master bedroom features a walk-in closet, a double bathroom, and a panoramic view of the exterior, fostering a connection with the natural surroundings. The cantilevered perimeter planter, which surrounds the space, functions as a sun-shading element and enhances the freshness of private spaces, integrating nature directly into the li ving experience.

FAÇADES

The project is marked by pronounced horizontality, balanced by vertical volumes that underscore the residence’s massing. This balance between horizontal and vertical elements enhances the structure’s relationship with the landscape, creating a visu al dialogue with its natural surroundings. The building section reveals generous ceiling heights on each floor, contributing to a sense of spaciousness and brightness. This vertical space not only enriches the spatial experience but also promotes natural ventilat ion, enhancing airflow and thermal comfort.

SECTIONS

This design approach reinforces the monumentality of the residence, giving it a significant, elegant presence. The selected materials and facade finishes reflect a contemporary reinterpretation of the local environment, merging modern aesthetics with elements that evoke regional tradition. This integration allows the residence to stand out while harmonizing with its context, emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between the building and its natural surroundings.

INTERIOR DESIGN

REINTERPRETATION

Aligned with the architectural concepts of duality, reinterpretation, and contrast, the interior design strategy for the project draws inspiration from an analysis of both the built and natural environment. The aim is not to replicate existing elements but to reinterpret them in a contemporary style that maintains a strong connection to the cultural context.

Adobe, an iconic material in local construction, is reimagined as a textured finish on exterior surfaces, retaining its familiar texture and appearance yet adapted to a more avant-garde aesthetic. Rammed earth, known for its durability and thermal benefits in traditional architecture, is transformed into a plaster finish that evokes the rustic texture of cement. Similarly, traditional clay tiles are substituted with brick on exterior walls, respecting the warm tones and textures. Wood, a key element in traditional structures, is used as an exposed material in furniture and ceilings, infusing authenticity and connecting the residence to its surroundings. Metal grilles, historically used both for decoration and security, are reinterpreted with thin metal profiles that are subtly integrated throughout the residence, providing a unifying design element.

MOOD BOARD

This combination of materials results in a color palette that draws directly from the natural environment, blending cool and warm tones that complement the surroundings. Thoughtfully placed accents and selected details unify the residence’s style, crafting a space that is contemporary yet deeply tied to its context. The result is a home that, while modern in design and exe cution, maintains a coherent dialogue with the vernacular architecture and natural landscape that envelops it. Each material has been c hosen to respect tradition while projecting an innovative vision for the future of architecture.

MOOD BOARD

Special attention has been given to textures and custom-designed furniture, ensuring that each space reflects unique character and purpose. The design intent is not to overcrowd the space with unnecessary elements but to sustain a refined aesthetic that enhances daily living. Display areas are purposefully integrated to stand out, while a discreet solution has been created to co nceal less prominent areas. This balance maintains the residence’s functionality and style, creating an atmosphere that supports vari ous household activities without compromising comfort.

INTERIOR ELEVATIONS

A modular system has been employed in the interior design, optimizing construction and spatial functionality. Each component, from fixed furniture to movable pieces, is based on a modular approach, which aids execution and ensures formal coherence acros s the project. To prevent visual monotony, a play of rounded elements is strategically introduced, adding subtle sophistication and dynamism. These curves, intentionally placed in key areas, soften the modular rigidity and introduce a fluid and elegant aesthe tic, enhancing the technical functionality of the design.

INTERIOR ELEVATIONS

Beyond modularity, the interior design articulates varying heights and carefully placed elements within the space. Each area is purposefully configured to meet the family’s ergonomic needs, considering their routines and the specific function of each s pace. The arrangement of furniture, design of circulation spaces, and transitions between areas are carefully planned to provide comf ort and efficiency in daily use. This approach ensures that every corner of the home serves its purpose optimally, maintaining aesthetic coherence and a spatial experience that responds seamlessly to family life and the quality of architectural design.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY

The landscape design of the residence draws from the etymology of “Impa” and “Pura” (meaning “between margins”), where the natural landscape both protects and defines the residence’s boundaries, much like the way the geographical environment envelops the cities within the Imbabura region. This strategy establishes both symbolic and functional connections between the natural surroundings and the built environment.

Based on an understanding of geometry and scale, the design employs shapes inspired by the structure itself, fostering visual and physical continuity with the immediate natural landscape.

The house’s horizontal and elongated layout is mirrored in the arrangement of plant borders, forming a natural frame that reflects the proportions of the residence and subtly delineates the transition between the built space and the surrounding landscape.

The division of the landscape into distinct areas accentuates key points such as entrances, exits, and views toward the exterior, extending the reach of green spaces within the property and enhancing the spatial depth of the residence. This segmentation also strengthens the seamless integration of interior and exterior spaces. Strategically positioned trees provide shade to exposed areas, contributing to a balanced relationship with the building’s

VEGETATION

The project includes native and climate-adapted plant species, chosen for their resilience to factors such as temperature and soil composition. The landscaping palette is organized into three distinct layers. High-density ground covers, limited to a max imum height of 30 cm, add texture and character, framing the façades and accentuating the main access pathways. Shrubs, carefully proportioned along each façade, establish a balanced relationship with the building’s horizontal form. Finally, strategically placed trees provide shade, enhance thermal comfort, and integrate with the surrounding landscape, fostering visual continuity with th e environment.

LANDSCAPE PLANTING PLAN

The project’s landscape design incorporates accent elements and shapes through the thoughtful placement of vegetation, inviting active interaction with the outdoor spaces. These interventions add aesthetic value while serving essential roles in p romoting sustainability and user well-being. By blending architecture with landscaping, a rich sensory experience emerges, reinforcing the concept of a cohesive environment where each element, whether natural or built, complements and enhances the other. This integration creates a harmonious whole that extends beyond mere functionality, fostering a deeper connection between the user and their surroundings.

SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES STUDY

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Given the project’s location in a temperate, seasonal climate, a detailed analysis was conducted using Cove.Tool software to optimize passive architectural design strategies aligned with the local climate. This study was performed with two prototypes to assess the thermal performance within the residence. The first prototype excluded overhangs and sunbreaks, while the second incorporated these, along with additional measures for natural lighting control. Results indicated a notable reduction in interior temperatures with the second prototype, especially in areas featuring large windows designed to maximize views of the landscape.

The site’s characteristics necessitate effective solar control and natural ventilation strategies to ensure both energy efficiency and thermal comfort. Key strategies implemented include the strategic orientation of the building, optimized natural lighting and ventilation, solar control, incorporation of green surfaces, water features, use of local materials, cross ventilation, native vegetation, overhangs, patios, double-height spaces, and solar panels.

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

Strategic Building Orientation:

The design optimizes solar exposure by carefully orienting the building. North and south façades include windows that capture solar radiation during early and late hours, while solar control elements, such as overhangs, help minimize heat gain in summer.

Shading and Solar Control:

Strategically placed louvers and shadeproviding vegetation block direct solar radiation on east and west façades.

Deciduous trees, in particular, offer vital shade during peak daytime temperatures, protecting the most exposed areas.

Natural Light and Ventilation:

Large openings on east and west façades, along with skylights, maximize interior illumination. Cross ventilation through windows on opposing walls provides a continuous airflow, contributing to passive cooling.

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

Overhangs and Patios:

Deep overhangs shield surfaces from direct sunlight and rain, creating shaded outdoor areas. Central patios act as thermal buffers, promoting airflow and natural lighting in interior spaces.

Integration of Water Bodies:

Water features serve both aesthetic and cooling functions, providing evaporative cooling and ambient temperature regulation. Gray water is reused for irrigation, enhancing project sustainability.

Double-Height Spaces:

These spaces encourage a chimney effect, facilitating the expulsion of warm air. Clerestory windows allow more natural light, reducing reliance on artificial lighting.

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

Use of Local Materials:

Prioritizing local materials enhances project sustainability, supports the regional economy, and minimizes environmental impact due to reduced transportation.

Green Surfaces:

Perimeter planters and exterior vegetation enhance aesthetics, lower surface temperatures, and help regulate humidity, improving adjacent spaces’ thermal comfort.

Native Vegetation:

The selection of Andean plants is not only adapted to the climate but also prevents soil erosion, particularly in sloped areas.

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

To advance energy independence, solar panels provide a sustainable solution. Thermal solar systems for water heating are discreetly integrated into the residence’s flat roofs and shielded by parapets, which are high enough to avoid compromising solar capture. This setup maximizes solar gain throughout the day while preserving the building’s aesthetic by reducing the visibility of panels.

Additionally, photovoltaic solar panels for low-voltage lighting systems are being considered, potentially further reducing reliance on conventional energy sources and enhancing the project’s energy efficiency. This approach optimizes solar energy use and supports lighting for both interior and exterior spaces with minimal consumption. To ensure a reliable hot water supply, even on days with limited solar radiation, a backup heater complements the system, reinforcing the proposed energy framework’s reliability.

RENDERING

CLOSE UP

LOBBY

In the following three-dimensional images, the integration of architectural, interior design, and landscaping strategies that have shaped the design process is clearly depicted. These visualizations highlight the spatial distribution of the project and illustrate how key concepts—such as the reinterpretation of local architectural elements and the contrast of forms—are rendered in a contemporary language that harmonizes with the surrounding environment. The images further demonstrate the critical role of volumes and heights in creating open, well-ventilated spaces that maximize natural light, while patios and green areas seamlessly blend with the residence’s interior.

The representation provides a comprehensive understanding of the spatial character, material selections, and the interplay of light and shadow, showcasing how technical and aesthetic elements coalesce to create an inviting and efficient space in balance with nature. These images offer a tangible preview of the project’s core principles of sustainability, comfort, and modernity, and they allow the viewer to envision inhabiting this unique, thoughtfully crafted environment.

FRONT FACADE

BACK FACADE

KITCHEN

BAR NOOK

MASTER BEDROOM

MASTER BATHROOM

COMMON TERRACE

OUTDOOR COMMON AREA

SITE VIEW

REFERENCES

1. Cove.Tool. (2023). Cove.Tool (versión 4.0). Cove.Tool, Inc. https://cove.tools/

2. Espinoza Soriano, W. (2015). Los nombres de las montañas sagradas en la cosmovisión andina. Quito: Editorial Abya-Yala.

3. Flores, M., & Villavicencio, R. (2019). Impacto del asoleamiento en el diseño arquitectónico: Un estudio de caso en la región andina. Revista de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 10(2), 45-62.

4. González Suárez, F. (2018). La cultura y cosmovisión de los pueblos indígenas del norte de Ecuador. Revista de Estudios Andinos, 35(2), 45-68.

5. Gutiérrez, C. (2021). Clima y vegetación en la región andina de Ecuador. Quito: Editorial Abya-Yala.

6. Marsh, A. (n.d.). 3D Sun Path. Andrew Marsh. Retrieved September 28, 2024, from https://andrewmarsh.com/apps/staging/sunpath3d.html

7. Ministerio de Cultura y Patrimonio del Ecuador. (2018). Cosmovisión andina y los apus: Montañas sagradas del Ecuador. Quito: Ministerio de Cultura.

8. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. (2015). Estudio sobre el uso del suelo y la vegetación en la provincia de Imbabura. Quito: Ministerio del Ambiente.

9. Pérez, L. (2020). Técnicas de ventilación natural y su aplicación en climas templados. Revista de Energías Renovables, 15(1), 22-30.

10. Pérez, M. (2017). Toponimia indígena en el Ecuador: Un estudio lingüístico y cultural. Revista de Lingüística Andina, 12(3), 34-56.

11. Ramírez, J. (2018). Arquitectura sostenible en Ecuador: Estrategias para el diseño pasivo. Guayaquil: Editorial Universidad de Guayaquil.

12. Yánez Cossío, E. (2016). Historia y significado de los volcanes en la región andina del Ecuador. Revista de Historia y Geografía de los Andes, 20(1), 58-73.

13. Zurita, R. (2010). Leyendas de los volcanes del Ecuador. Quito: Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana.

All images are authored by the work team.

Architectural Design:

Alejandro Viteri

a.viteripaz94@gmail.com

Interior Design: Carla Altamirano

carlaltamirano95@hotmail.es

Landscaping: Romina Delgado rominadeltob@gmail.com

Visualization: CRO Studio proyectos@cro.studio

by: Alejandro Viteri Paz