environmental systems portfolio

environmental systems

Alexx A Alaimo laimo Prof.

Pro of. R. R. Dadras Dadras NYIT-MA NYIT T-MA 5/20 011 5/2011

House Information: Single Family Residential (4) Bedroom (3 1/2) Bathrooms

Calculations: Well: 4 BR x 2 p/BR= 8 people 8p x 75 g/p= 600 g/day 600g/20h = 30g/h (assume 20h pumping day) 30g/h /60m = ½ g / min 6 hour pneumatic tank: 6h x 30 g/h= 180 g‌. 200 g tank Cold water: 4 bedrooms x 2 people per bedroom= 8 people 8 people x 75 gallons/person/day = 600 gallons/day Hot water: 8 people x 12.5 gallons/hour = 100 gal/hour heater needed bathing: 8p x 1 baths x 25 g = 200g Dishwashing: (3) 10 G/wash 30g Washing machine: (3) 36g/wash= 100g Estimated total: 200g+30g+100g= 330g round up to 400g/day Hot Water Cost: Using #2 oil costing $3.00/gal 400g/day x 30 d= 12,000 g/month 12,000 g/m x 8.33 lb/g x 1btu/deg x (120-50)= 7,000,000 btu/m

Alaimo 2 7,000,000 btu/m/ 141,000(.75)= 50 g/m 198.5/m x 3.00 $/g= $150.00/ month

Sewage: Septic System w/ Leech Field: Fixture Group

Quantity

Fixture Units/ item

Total Fixture Units

Bathroom Group

3

6

18

Washing machine

1

3

3

W.C. (1/2) Bath

1

4

4

Lavatory (1/2 bath)

1

1

1

Kitchen sink w/ dishwasher

1

3

3

TOTALS

24

4 Bedrooms house with 24 fixture units needs a 1200 gallon septic tank, upgrade to 1500 gal tank for possible future addition.

Septic field: 75 gal/day/person x 8 people= 600 gal sewage/day.

1500 gal tank 1” drop per 10 min perc test (24” trench)= 30 ft/ 100 gal: 30 x 15= 450 ft of trench Needs 4 double 60’ tiles providing 480 ft of 24” trench See attached for layout

Alaimo Water Supply Main: Floor to floor height is 10’ there are 3 floors. Flush tank wc and shower are on top floor. Street pressure is 50 psi.

1. 30’ (vert) +10’ (hor) + 6’ = 46’ developed length (DL) 2. 46’ x .5 = 23’ equivalent length (EL) 3. 46’ + 23’= 69’ total equivalent length (TEL) 4. static head: EL x .433…. 23’ x .433= 10 psi (SH) 5. total fixture unit= 24 FU 6. water demand using 24 FU = 18 g/m 7. pressure lost in meter (assume 1” pipe) = 2 psi 8. pressure needed in fixture (8 psi for flush tank)= 8 psi 9. total pressure lost. 10 psi + 2 psi+ 8 psi= 20 psi (TPL) 10. pressure available for friction lost. 50psi-20psi= 30 psi (PAFL) 11. friction in loss of head 30 psi (100’/ 100’) ?????? assume 25 psi (F.L.H) 12. 18gpm 25psi (FLH) …. Smooth cooper pipe= ¾” pipe Drainage: sloped roof Main roof drainage area horizontal projection = 1739 sq ft .. other area (HP)= 287 sqft Located Poughkeepsie NY= 5”/ hour max Design calls for 2 leaders for main roof , 1 from other 1739sq ft in Dutchess Co NY calls for 8” gutter with 1/8”/ ft pitch (D-5) w/ 4” leaders gutter side for other roof is sized to 4” with 1/8” /ft pitch with a 4” leader

3

      



  









 







 



  

 

  

  

 



 



 

 





  

































  









ORIGINAL PLAN

HE ORIGINAL PLAN PARTI WAS TWO BLOCK CONNECTED BY A LONG NARROW GREAT OOM. IT WAS REDESIGNED SO THE LONG SIDE OF THE GREAT ROOM WAS PERPENDICUAR TO THE SOUTH. THIS REDESIGN ALLOWS THE HOUSE TO GAIN A LOT MORE FROM THE WINTER SUN. ADDITIONALLY THE SOUTHERN WALL WAS CHANGED TO A DOUBLE GLAZED WALL WHILE THE OPPOSITE BECAME A THICK CONCRETE THERMAL MASS WALL THE GLAZED WALL ALSO PROVIDES GREAT DAYLIGHTING FOR THE MAIN SPACES.

REDESIGNED PLAN

REDESIGNED FEATURES: THERMAL MASS WALL WINTER SOLAR GAIN (GLAZED WALL) PERPENDICULAR TO SOUTH DAYLIGHTING

ORIGINAL SECTION

THE SUSTAINABLE GOAL OF THE REDESIGN WAS TO MAKE THE HOUSE COMPLETELY PASSIVELY HEATED AND COOLED. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS A GLAZED WALL WAS PLACED ON THE LONG SOUTH SIDE OF THE HOUSE. THE OPPOSITE WALL AND ADJACENT FLOOR BECAME THICK CONCRETE THERMAL MASS ELEMENTS. IN THE WINTER SOUTHERN LIGHT WOULD BE ABLE TO HEAT THE WALL AND FLOOR MASSES AND THEY WOULD RERADIATE THE HEAT DURING THE NIGHT. THE FLOOR WOULD ALSO HAVE SUPPLEMENTARY RADIANT FLOOR COILS WITH WATER HEATER FROM THE EVACUATED TUBES ON THE ROOF. THE ROOF PITCH WAS INCREASED TO OPTIMIZED THE ANGLE OF THE EVACUATED TUBES AND ALLOW FOR BETTER ANGLE FOR SNOW. SUMMER OPERATION CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE A LARGER OVERHANG OF THE SOUTHERN GLAZED WALL TO SHADE IT AND AN OPERABLE CLERESTORY WINDOW PROVIDING STACK VENTILATION REMOVING WARM AIR.

OPERABLE WINDOW

SUM ME R

REDESIGNED SECTION

EV AC UA TE

DT

UB

ES

TER

WIN

THERMAL WALL/FLOOR

GRADE

REDESIGNED FEATURES: CLEARSTORY VENTILATION EVACUATED TUBES SOLAR ANGLE SHADING THERMAL MASS FLOOR THERMAL MASS WALL TROMBE WALL RADIANT FLOOR HEATING ROOF ANGLE TO SHED SNOW

THE MODIFIED LANDSCAPING DESIGN CONSIDERS BLOCKING NORTHERN WINDS, AND SHADING S THE PAVED DRIVE. ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE HOUSE NEW CONIFEROUS TREES ARE TO BE PLANTE CULT TO HEAT IN THE WINTER. ON THE SOUTH SIDE DECIDUOUS TREES ARE TO BE PLANTED THAT WO WALL IN THE SUMMER. IN THE WINTER WHEN THEY LOSE THEIR LEAVES SUNLIGHT WOULD BE ABLE TO HEATED. ONE CONIFEROUS TREE WOULD BE REMOVED ON THE SOUTH EN SIDE SO NOT TO SHADE WOULD BE PLANTED ON THE DOWNHILL SIDE OF THE DRIVEWAY TO REDUCE RUNOFF.

ORIGINAL LANDSCAPING

NEW NATIVE GROUND COVER TO BE PLANTED

EXISTING TREE TO REMAIN

NEW CONIFEROU TO BE PLANTED

SOUTHERN GLAZING IN THE SUMMER AS WELL AS REDUCING RUNOFF FROM ED IN ORDER TO BLOCK WINTER WINDS THAT WOULD MAKE IT MORE DIFFIOULD ACT TO SHADE, WITH THEIR LEAVES IN BLOOM THE SOUTHERN TROMB O HIT THE TROMB WALL DIRECTLY ALLOWING FOR THE SPACE TO BE LIT AND THE TROMB WALL IN THE WINTER MONTHS. ALSO NATIVE GROUND COVER

REDESIGNED LANDSCAPING

US SAPLING

NEW DECIDUOUS SAPLING TO BE PLANTED

EXISTING CONIFEROUS TREE TO BE REMOVED

Alex Alaimo Environmental Systems II R. Dadras February, 23 Cost of (8) electonics Power= Voltage x Amperage Energy used= power x time -4 h on 20 h off: Laptop (120v, 2.5 a- .5a) 120v x 4.5a = 540W x 4 h= 2160 Wh 120v x .5a = 60W x 20 h= 1200 Wh total for 24 hours= 4.6 kWh -24 h on Cell phone charger 120v x .15a= 18W x 24 h= 432 total for 24 h= .43 kWh -24 h Refrigerator (4.5 a) 120v x 4.5 a = 540w x 24 h= 12960 Wh 13 kWh -2 h Television (90W) 90W x 2 hours= 180Wh = .18 kWh -0.2 h Microwave (700 W) 1000W x 0.2 h = .200 kWh -24 h Wireless router (10W) 10W x 24h= .24kWh -6 h 60 watt lamp (60 W) 60W x 6 hours= 330Wh = .36 kWh -electric water boiler (1500w) 1500w x .1 h = 150wh= .15kWh TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION: 19.16 Kwh/ day TOTAL MONTHLY COST: +- 20 kWh x 31 days x $0.17 = $105. 40 month

FIBER OPTIC TECHNOLOGY Optical fibers are long thin stands of glass that light is transmitted through. It converts information to light waves which bounce off the walls of a optical fiber. It reflects of the walls of the glass fiber via a phenomena known as total internal reflection. This technology is constantly being improved in terms of cost and materials and is being more widely used to send information over long distances replacing copper and metallic cables.

INPUT binary 1 0 0 1 0 11

circuitry

transmitter

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIO Li is th va This allows light to bend in a cable as it keeps reflecting off the walls of the tube.

LED/ laser

light source

MULTI MODE- used for short distances such as local networks or medical equipment. LED can be used as the light source. Diameter is more than 10 microns.

fiber opt on off off on off on on

Less expensive - Several miles of optical cable can be made cheaper than equivalent lengths of copper wire.

e e

Thinner - Optical fibers can be drawn to smaller diameters than copper wire.

Higher carrying capacity - Because optical fibers are thinner than copper wires, more fibers can be bundled into a givendiameter cable than copper wires.

d w

c

SINGLE MODE- used for long distances such as telecommunication lines. Lasers can be used as the light source. diameter is 8-10 microns

SINGLE VS MULTI MODE

Less signal degradation - The loss of signal in optical fiber is less than in copper wire.

Light signals - Unlike electrical signals in copper wires, light signals from one fiber do not interfere with those of other fibers in the same cable.

c g

A

ON

HISTORY

ght is sent though a material and bounced off the walls because he outer layer has lesser refractive alue.

- 1840’s Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet ‘light pipe’ - 1870’s John Tyndall, science behind total internal refection - 1900’s early applications for dentistry and medical technology - 1970 Corning Glass Works reduces attenuation for telecommunication applications -1981 General Electric develops quartz ingots able to be stretched into 25 mile lengths -1991 photonic crystal fiver developed -2007 Verizon FioS introduced

OUTPUT binary

tic cable

detector FIBER-OPTIC CABLE

reciever

1 0 0 1 0 11

OPTICAL FIBER

plastic jacket armor: steel/aramid waterproof tape fiber bundle

optical core: gla

optical fiber strength core

Low power - Because signals in optical fibers degrade less, lower-power transmitters can be used instead of the high-voltage electrical transmitters needed for copper wires.

cladding (lower index of buffer (color cod

Digital signals - Optical fibers are ideally suited for carrying digital information, which is especially useful in computer networks.

Non-flammable - Because no electricity is passed through optical fibers, there is no fire hazard.

Lightweight - An optical cable weighs less than a comparable copper wire cable. Fiber-optic cables take up less space in the ground.

VS METALLIC CABLE COMPONEN ALEX ALAIMO. ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS II. PROF R. DADRAS. 3/16/ 2

Sustainable Design Alterations Proposal: 1. Fiber optic day lighting Replace selected electric lamps with fiber optic day lighting lamps to reduce electrical load.

2. Rain water collection Collect Rain water in a drywell to be used to irrigate garden and lawn. To reduce water usage.

3. Insulated Concrete Forms Foundation and cellar walls and the long North wall to be made from ICF’s for better insulation. Provides R-25 insulation and will make the basement warm enough to use in the winter and cool in the summer can save up

insulated concrete forms before

uninsulated foundation causes enitire house to lose energy in cold months INSULATED CONCRETE FORMS CAN BE USED FOR THE FOUNDATION INSTEAD OF CONVENTIONAL CMU OR POURED CONCRETE. THERE IS LESS CONSTRUCTION WASTE AS THERE IS NO WASTED BLOCK OR FORMS. THE INSULATION SERVES AS THE FORM. ADDITIONALLY LAYERS OF INSULATION ARE PROVIDED CREATED A THERMAL BREAK BETWEEN EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR. iT WILL KEEP CELLAR WARM IN WINTER AND COOL IN SUMMER AND SAVE HEATING AND COOLING FOR THE ENITIRE HOUSE .

afterr 6”” poured conc

metal ladder reinforcing

8” poured conc thermal barrier

fiber optic daylighting

REMOVE (9) 1OO WATT LAMPS 900 WAT T X 5 HOURS= 4.5KWH 4.5KWH X 30 DAYS= 135KWH X $.18= $24/ MONTH AND $300/ YEAR FIBER OPTIC DAYLIGHTING CAN BE INSTALLED WITH COLLECTORS ON ROOF. FIBER OPTIC CABLE COULD RUN FROM THE COLLECTOR TO SPECIAL OPERABLE LIGHT FIXTURES. WHEN THE INSULATED SHADE IS PULLED OVER THE SOLAR GLASS DAYLIGHTING S STILL POSSIBLE. ADDITIONALLY INTERIOR ROOMS SUCH AS BATHROOMS AND THE CELLAR NOW CAN BE PROVIDED WITH DAYLIGHT.

CO L

TO R

SCONCE FIXTURE

SCONCE FIXTURE

FIXTURE

INSULATED SUN SHADE

FIBER OPTIC CABLE

LEC

rain water collection system

flower beds

5 5 4

irragation spiget 5

1

2 n)

drywell

colle c roof (

gutters

tion

basi

3

4

irragation spiget 5

5

2

vegetable garden composting bin

A RAINWATER RECYCING SYSTEM CA BE ECONIMCALLY ADDED TO REDUCE WATER USAGE. THE GUTTER SYSTEM WILL COLLECT RAIN WATER FROM THE ROOF AND TRANDFER IT TO A DRYWELL BURIED BELOW THE FROST LINE. DURING DRY TIMES WATER THE WATER STORED CAN BE USED FOR THE IRRIGATION OF THE LAWN, FLOWER BEDS AND VEGETABLE GARDEN.

1 roof hose

2

4 valve

leader

frost line 3

collected water

drywell

5

LIVING ROOM W/ TROMBE WALL AND THERMAL MASS FLOOR

APPROACH FROM DRIVEWAY

NORTH ELEVATION

TROMBE WALL AND SOUTH FACADE

ORIGINAL SKETCH TROMBE WALL

OPERABLE CLERESTORY FOR VENTILATION

LOCAL SHAKE SHINGLES

STONE THERMAL MASS WALL

N

coniferous trees

fiber optic daylight collectors evacuated tube hot water panels rain water collection leaders solar overhang trombe wall thermal floor mass

rainwater drywell

deciduous trees