THE AGING OFFICE REVIEW PRESENTATION
OFFICE THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
THE TRIBUNE TOWER Commissioned: December 3, 1922 Construction Completed: July 1925 Researched: Autumn 2017 Clark Sabula and Ali Sandhu
Version 3 / 9.25.17
TRIBUNE TOWER
WHY TRIBUNE TOWER This building is important because of the impact/controversy it arose when it was built but also because of the legacy it continues to leave behind. The editors, Robert McCormick and Joseph Patterson, were descendent of the founder of the Tribune, Joseph Medill Patterson. When McCormick and Patterson took over, the Tribune was on the rise. They wanted a building that would provide an inspiration to journalists, establish a standard of architectural beauty, and contribute to the design prestige of Chicago. This building was established through the largest architecture competition of the twentieth century and warranted 256 designs from all over the world. The competition ended up with the top three places being neo-Gothic. First place was awarded to Raymond Hood and John Mead Howells in 1922. When employed for churches and universities in Europe, the Gothic style has suggested a spiritual enclave against materialism. This has often created a refuge from the fast-paced, commercial world, but employed here, makes a different argument. They chose a Gothic style to represent beauty but also a place that represents the people, as a church does. To boost up the image of America even more, the design of a European style Gothic church was done by American architects. The Tribune’s publishers wanted to extend the newspaper’s influence from commerce to culture. They previously were known for appealing to the elite and now they wanted to be more ubiquitous. This tower would allow them to do that.
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It is easy to see why this building is spoken of in the terms of a cathedral. The lobby has this chapel-like space with the front desk resembling an altar. The flying buttresses of the crown are rarely seen in commercial spaces let alone a publication space. The abundant ornament reminds us of an embattled chapel. Connecting spiritual values to a skyscraper housing the city’s most widely published newspaper could certainly be seen as controversial. Today, the building functions as rentable tenant space and currently being turned into condos.
TRIBUNE TOWER
FACT SHEET Chicago Tribune Tower 435 N. MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 The building sits on an active urban site at the junction between Chicago’s Magnificent Mile and the Chicago River OFFICE/RETAIL/PRINTING PRESS 737,000 SQUARE FEET $8,500,000 in 1925 / $119,000,000 in 2017 $205,000,000 (217M) Sale Price in 2017
TRIBUNE TOWER 41.8904° N, 87.6236° W
Client: The Chicago Tribune, Col. Robert McCormick Architect: John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood Building Supervisors : Robert McCormick and Joseph Patterson Architectural Advisor (for competition): Howard L. Cheney Structural Steel: American Bridge Company Smoke Stack: American Boiler & Tank Co. Vault Lights: American 3-Way Luxfer Prism Company Stone Setting: Archer Stone Setting Co., Inc. Concrete and Fill: Asher Fireproofing Company Mahogany: Astoria Mahogany Company Plumbing: E. Baggott Company Plumbing and Heating Fixtures: Crane Company Pittsburgh Standard Conduit: W.P. Crockett Company Steel Inspectors: Robert W. Hunt Lumber: Herman H. Hettler LBR. Co. Fire Doors: Harris-Preble Door Company Wrought Iron Pipe: Kelly & Jones Company Heating and Ventilation: Mehring & Hanson Company Excavator: Conrad Ottenhoff Piping: Reading Iron Company Partition Tile: United States Gypsum Company Vacuum Heating System: Warren Webster and Company Ornamental Iron and Bronze: E. M. Weymer Company Electric Work: White City Electric Company Elevator Manufacturer: Otis Elevator Company Insulated Wire: Marion Insulated Wire and Rubber Company
QUOTE
“The design of reinforced concrete floors was given careful attention in order to secure maximum head room, minimum weight and, of somewhat lesser importance, minimum cost” - H. J. Burt 1924
PAGE 5
Source: (Left Information) Karl, Joseph I. Tribune Tower World’s Leader, Real Estate News, Chicago. Vol. 29. Oct, 1924. Print. pp. 8-9. (Right Quote) “The Tribune Tower.” Journal of the Society of Western Engineers, vol. 24, Dec. 1924, pp. 443–467.
TRIBUNE TOWER
1925, AS BUILT
2017
Source: Chicago Historical Society, Sandborn Maps.
Source: Chicago Historical Society, Sandborn Maps.
Redrawn based on image from
Notice...
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435 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Redrawn based on image from
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
1870
1865: LINCOLN ASSASSINATED April 14th by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater 1868: JOHN MEAD HOWELLS BORN August 14th in Cambridge, MA
1847: FIRST ISSUE CHICAGO TRIBUNE 1 400 copies were printed by hind in a single room 1855: LAGER BEER RIOT SPARKED Eight Germans were being tried for liquor ordinance violations
1890
1871: GREAT CHICAGO FIRE 2,124 acres of chicago burned, destroying 1,500 buildings 1869: FIRST TRIBUNE BUILDING ERECTED This was the first building built specifically for the Tribune to operate on the corner of Dearborn and Madison
1860: CHANGED NAME TO CHICAGO TRIBUNE Changed from Daily Tribune
1918: WORLD WAR I ENDS Novemeber 11th Germany signed an armistice agreement with the Allies marking the end of the war
Notice...
Sources: listed in bibliography
1949: ATOMIC BOMB SHELTERS INSTALLED Novemeber, 30 refuge areas in program for bomb shelters in the Tribune Tower
1920: CORNERSTONE LAID FOR MANUFACTURING PLANT The Tribune’s coeditors, Patterson and McCormick, lead the ceremony for the printing plant
1922: AIA BANQUET June 9th, the architects of Chicago were informed of the international competition 1922: COMPETITION ANNOUNCED June 10th, the Tribune officially released the competition
1923: GROUND BREAKS AT SITE May 23rd, the construction of the tower commences 1925: GRAND OPENING TO PUBLIC July 6th, the grand opening ceremony takes place. Millions attend 1922: COMPETITION CLOSED / WINNER ANNOUNCED November 1st, the Tribune ran a story announcing the winners: Howells and Hood of New York City
1970
1950 1939: ROCKERFELLER CENTER COMPLETED Raymond Hood designed Rockerfeller Center
1925
1959: JOHN MEAD HOWELLS DIES 1955: COLONEL MCCORMICK DIES
1973: WILLIS TOWER COMPLETED The 110-story skyscraper surpassed the World Trade Center and stood as tallest building in the world
1955: RICHARD J DALEY BECOMES MAYOR OF CHICAGO April 20,he served as Chicago’s 38th mayor for a total of 21 years
1980: COMPETITION LATE ENTRIES EMERGE Stanley Tigerman, a part of the Chicago Seven, announced the revival of the famous international competition
2010 1982: LAST PAPER IS PRINTED ON MICHIGAN AVE The last paper is printed at 94,000 copies at the original printing press
1991: LOBBY RESTORED The Office of John Vinci restored the lobby to match original design. 2001: PERKINS+WILL RENOVATION LOWER LEVELS After the lower levels were not used for 8 years, renovation began of what used to be the printing press
2020
2016: CIM GROUP BUYS TRIBUNE TOWER L.A. development group buy the tribune tower and surrounding property 2017: CHICAGO ARCH. BIENNIAL “LATE, LATE ENTRIES” Twenty participants build towers for the competition if it were to take place now
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PAGE TITLE
1899: MCCORMICK GRADUATES FROM YALE UNIVERSITY At age 19, he graduates from Yale and moves back to Chicago to make an impact in his hometown
1920
1914: WORLD WAR I STARTS June 28th Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated sparking the war to break out
AFTERLIFE
1934: RAYMOND HOOD DIES
1893: CHICAGO HOSTS WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPO This fair represented the 400th anniversary of Columbus discovering the new world
1880: ROBERT MCCORMICK BORN July 30th in Chicago, IL
1915
1915: EASTLAKE SINKS 812 men, women, and children drown in the Chicago River during Western Electric’s annual boat excursion
1930: AL CAPONE: PUBLIC ENEMY NUMBER ONE In Chicago, Capone was arrested with Tribune correspnodents covering
1886: JENS JENSEN IMMIGRATES TO CHICAGO Dutch landscape designer
1877: CHICAGO RAILROAD STRIKE Tribune declared that all tariffs on foreign goods shall be repealed
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
1911: MCCORMICK BECOMES CO-EDITOR The other co-editor is Joseph Patterson. Both are family of Joseph Medill the founder of the Tribune
1881: RAYMOND HOOD BORN March 29th in Pawtucket, RI
TRIBUNE TOWER
TURN OF THE CENTURY
TRIBUNE TOWER
1352 THE CATHEDRAL OF ANTWERP A story ran in the paper on July 30, 1922 about what the Tribune Tower might look like.
1506 CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME, ROUEN Butter Tower drawn by John R. Rowe in 1921.
Notice...
Source: Solomonson, Katherine. The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition: Skyscraper Design and Cultural Change in the 1920s. Chicago [u.a.: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. Print.
QUOTE
1922 HARKNESS TOWER, YALE UNIVERSITY McCormick went to school at Yale University. This buidling was built the same year as the competition and remained an inspiration to McCormick
“During the war, the medieval towers of the Western Front became symbols for those on both sides; as they stood or fell, they signified conquest, devestation, or survival.”
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PRECEDENTS
1520 CATHEDRAL OF SAINT-ROMBAUT, MALINES This is said to be the true inspiration by the architects of the Tribune Tower.
TRIBUNE TOWER
BRUNO TAUT, WALTER GUNTHER, AND KURZ SCHUTZ This building is a cage of glass that atpers gradually to the top with its sharp apex. In his late teens, Taut was a member of the Alpine Architecture group developing crystalline structures.
ADOLF LOOS This building is concerned with its representational qualities. His column of gleaming granite. This was one of many of the columns submitted. This building has brought about many readings of the building ranging from the power of the Roman empire.
WALTER GROPIUS AND ADOLF MEYER Representing the European avant-garde, Gropius is the master of the work. Germany was struggling to establish itself in the interest of American techniques and an interest in industrial qualities of an office.
Notice...
Source: Solomonson, Katherine. The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition: Skyscraper Design and Cultural Change in the 1920s. Chicago [u.a.: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. Print.
SECOND PLACE: ELIEL SAARINEN This runner up status of this project was of great controversy after the announcement. Many well-known architects verbally denounced the winning entry and were outraged that Saarinen did not win.
QUOTE
FIRST PLACE: HOWELLS AND HOOD This design was said to have adapted the “raiment” of medieval France to modern conditions and successfully resolved the problem of the American skyscraper through structural expression.
“Genius, exceptional talent, experience, ingenuity, and inspiration have contributed richly and we are confident that the influence of the competition will be widespread and lasting for the good of architecture.”
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SAMPLE COMPETITION ENTRIES
THIRD PLACE: HOLABIRD AND ROCHE This is the same pair of architects that were comissioned to design the last Tribune building. They had a political tie with the commissioners from the beginning and they knew how to tap into their ethos.
TRIBUNE TOWER
1869 FIRST TRIBUNE BUILDING BUILT This was the first building the Tribune has built for themselves. The Tribune decided to not get fire insurance because the exterior of the building was made out of Joliet marble.
1871 REMAINS OF BUILDING AFTER FIRE Just two years after the building went up, the Great Chicago Fire hit and destroyed the building along with 70% of Chicago.
Notice...
Source: Kinsley, Philip. The Chicago Tribune, Its First Hundred Years. Chicago Tribune, 1945.
1912 NEW BUILDING FOR GROWING TRIBUNE Holarbird and Roche designed the new building at 7 Dearborn on the corner of Madison. The Tribune needed more space and they wanted a building that would be more dominant on the street.
QUOTE
“”
1925 TRIBUNE TOWER COMPLETED Hood and Howells designed the new building at 435 N. Michigan Avenue. This was built as the tallest tower in Chicago at the time. This building was meant to be the most beautiful building in the world as a monument to The Tribune.
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TRIBUNE BUILDINGS THROUGHOUT HISTORY
1872 NEW BUILDING, SAME SITE One year after the fire, a new building was erected on the exact same site but one extra floor was added. They bought the fire insurance this time.
TRIBUNE TOWER
DECEMBER 5, 1923 This image was included for the competition program.
JULY 5, 1924 This image was included for the competition program.
Notice...
Source: Solomonson, Katherine. The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition: Skyscraper Design and Cultural Change in the 1920s. Chicago [u.a.: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. Print.
QUOTE
OCTOBER 1, 1924 This image shows the crown being further developed.
MAY 19, 1925 This image shows the completed tower
“‘it was necessary to keep the presses in constant operation’...[so the] workers reportedly labored day and night, seven days a week, propping the press room on special jacks...”
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CONSTRUCTION PHOTOGRAPHS
SEPTEMBER 22, 1924 These images show some progress made up to the tower
TRIBUNE TOWER
TIMES-HERALD BUILDING Location: Washington D.C., USA Built: 1910 Architect: Unknown Height: 56 ft
TRIBUNE TOWER DAILY NEWS BUILDING Location: Chicago, IL Location: NYC, NY Built: 1925 Built: 1930 Architect: Hood and Howells Architect: Hood and Howells Height: 465 ft Height: 465 ft
Notice...
Source: Solomonson, Katherine. The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition: Skyscraper Design and Cultural Change in the 1920s. Chicago [u.a.: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. Print.
SEATTLE TIMES BUILDING Location: Seattle, Washington Built: 1931 Architect: Robert C. Reamer Height: 24 ft
NY TIMES BUILDING
Location: NYC, NY Built: 2007 Architect: Renzo Piano Height: 1,046 ft
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OTHER NEWSPAPER BUILDINGS
LA TIMES BUILDING Location: Los Angeles, CA Built: 1935 Architect: Gordon B. Kaufman Height: XXX ft
The Chicago Tribune is a daily distributed newspaper based in Chicago. The company was founded in 1847 by James Kelly, John Wheeler, and Joseph K.C. Forrest. The first issue was released on June 10, 1847. Throughout the next decade, the Tribune absorbed three other Chicago publications and began to dominate the publication circuit in Chicago. The paper was functioning out of a studio apartment and then four rented homes and finally had their first building constructed in 1869 which would later be destroyed by the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. One year later, the company built its new home on the same plot as its predecessor but had one more floor added.
TRIBUNE TOWER
PRE DESIGN AND COMPETITION
Chicago Tribune logo
Source: Redrawn from chicagotribune.com
The Tribune was instrumental in the history of Chicago because of its historically political alignments. In the beginning the paper supported the Whig party against the Democrats. Under new leadership the Tribune became Chicago’s outlet for the Republican Party. Under McCormick, the paper was strongly isolationist. Their motto was “The American Paper for Americans”. Throughout the next several decades, the paper criticized the Democrats and the New Deal, opposed the government’s allies overseas, and greatly supported Chiang Kai-shek. In 1922, while McCormick was trying to establish his power over not only the Tribune, but also over the national newspaper ranks, he launched his idea for the Chicago Tribune Tower Competition. This competition was the biggest international architecture competition in history and still is today. It warranted 256 entries from all over the world. At the end of 1922, John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood were announced as winners. Eliel Saarinen was awarded second place and Holabird and Roche were awarded third place.
Source: “The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition,” Solomonson, 2001. pg 40 Source: Kinsley, Philip. The Chicago Tribune, Its First Hundred Years. Chicago Tribune, 1945.
PAGE 13
Adversisment, Chicago Tribune Tower international competition in 1922.
TRIBUNE TOWER
PRE DESIGN AND COMPETITION “The design is before everything else an expression of The Tribune. The structure is carried to its full height as a square on the Michigan Avenue front only, thus always giving the same impression from wherever seen, and showing the same from all points as The Tribune landmark. We feel that in this design we have produced a unit. It is not a tower or top, placed on a building -- it is all one building. It climbs into the air naturally, carrying up its main structural lines, and binding them together with a high open parapet. Our disposition of the main structural piers on the exterior has been adopted to give the full utilization of the corner light in the offices, and the view up and down the Avenue. Our design has been not so much and archaeological expression of any particular style as to express in the exterior the essentially American problem of skyscraper construction, with its continued vertical lines and its inserted horizontals. It is only carrying forward to a final expression what many of us architects have tried already under more or less hampering conditions in various cities. We have wished to make this landmark the study of a beautiful and vigorous form, not of an extraordinary form. The area of the cross section of the central motif of the top plus the area of its several supports is 3,360 square feet, and thus within the 3,600 square feet allowed, the frontage of the top on the street being also with the building law. It is perhaps not necessary to call attention to the fact that the upper part of the building has been designed not only for its own outline and composition but for the possibilities of illumination and reflected lighting at night.” - Howells & Hood
DESCRIPTION SUBMITTED BY HOWELLS AND HOOD WITH COMPETITION DRAWINGS
SOUTHWEST PERSPECTIVE
Source: “The International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune,” The Chicago Tribune, pl. 2, 3, and 5 (From left to right)
PAGE 14
COMPETITION DRAWINGS
SECTION
MICHIGAN AVENUE ELEVATION
Notice...
Source: “The International Competition for a New Administration Building for the Chicago Tribune,” The Chicago Tribune, pl. 2, 3, and 5 (From left to right)
AUSTIN AVENUE ELEVATION
ENTRANCE FLOOR AND TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
PAGE 15
COMPETITION DRAWINGS
TRIBUNE TOWER
PRE DESIGN AND COMPETITION
TRIBUNE TOWER
DRAWINGS
FIRST FLOOR
THIRD FLOOR
FIFTH FLOOR
TYPICAL FLOOR
TWENTY-FOURTH FLOOR
TWENTY-FIFTH FLOOR
TWENTY-SIXTH FLOOR
TWENTY-EIGHTH FLOOR
Notice...
Source: “As a Work of Architecture.” The Western Architect, vol. 34, Nov. 1925, pp. 111–115.
PAGE 16
BUILDING PLANS
Notice...
NEWS
MULTI-BUSINESS
PRODUCTION
VISITORS
ADMINISTRATION
CORES
PAGE 17
DIAGRAMS
TRIBUNE TOWER
DRAWINGS
TRIBUNE TOWER
DRAWINGS
1925, AS BUILT
2016, AS ADVERTISED. Version 1
Redrawn based on image from
Redrawn based on image from
“Tribune Tower, Chicago.” Architectural Forum, vol. 43, Oct. 1925, pp. 185–198.
tribunetowerevents.com
Notice...
PAGE 18
ENTRY FLOOR PLAN
TRIBUNE TOWER
DRAWINGS
1925, AS BUILT
2016, AS ADVERTISED. Version 1
Redrawn based on image from
Redrawn based on image from
“Tribune Tower, Chicago.” Architectural Forum, vol. 43, Oct. 1925, pp. 185–198.
tribunetowerevents.com
Typical Notice...
Office Plan
Twelth Level Plan
PAGE 19
TYPICAL OFFICE FLOOR PLAN
TRIBUNE TOWER
DRAWINGS
2016, AS ADVERTISED. Version 2
2016, AS ADVERTISED. Version 3
tribunetowerevents.com
tribunetowerevents.com
Redrawn based on image from
Notice...
Seventeenth Level Plan
PAGE 20
Fifteenth Level Plan FLOOR PLAN TYPICAL OFFICE
Redrawn based on image from
TRIBUNE TOWER
DRAWINGS
1925, AS BUILT
2016, AS ADVERTISED
“Tribune Tower, Chicago.” Architectural Forum, vol. 43, Oct. 1925, pp. 185–198.
tribunetowerevents.com
Redrawn based on image from
Notice...Twenty-Fourth Level Plan
Twenty-Fourth Level Plan
PAGE 21
24TH FLOOR PLAN
Redrawn based on image from
TRIBUNE TOWER
DRAWINGS
RECEPTION
LIBRARY
OFFICE OF THE CAPTAIN
SYNDICATE
RADIO WANT ADVERTISING
OFFICE OF ASSISTANT TO THE PUBLISHER
ART
MAIL CAGE SPORTS
WANT AD OFFICE - OUT OF TOWN ORDERS
MAIL CAGE
BUSINESS SURVEY
MORGUE
LOCAL ADVERTISING
MAIL ROOM
NATIONAL ADVERTISING
ETCHING ROOM
AUDITING
LOCAL ROOM
SUNDAY DEP’T
MATRIX DEPT.
COMPOSING ROOM
COMPOSTING ROOM
LOBBY
CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
PRINTING UNITS
STEREOTYPE
REEL ROOM
MAILING ROOM
PAPER STORAGE
PRESS ROOM
ILL. TUNNEL
PAPER STORAGE
PUMPS - BOILERS Source: Solomonson, Katherine. The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition: Skyscraper Design and Cultural Change in the 1920s. Chicago [u.a.: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. Print.
Notice...
PAGE 22
PROGRAMMATIC SECTION, 1928
TRIBUNE TOWER
EXTERIOR PHOTOS FLAG POLE MOVED
SUN SHADING
NEW BUILDINGS
MATCHED CLADDING
NEW FLAGS
NEW SIGN
WATER RECREATION
1925. “Tribune Tower, Chicago.” Architectural Forum, vol. 43,
2017. Image property of Clark Sabula
Oct. 1925, pp. 185–198.
Notice...
“Much of the unusual beauty as well as simplicity of the Tribune Tower is attributable to the strong unbroken lines of these piers, which divide each facade of the building into corner bays and wall bays.”
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ON THE RIVERWALK LOOKING NORTHEAST
QUOTE
TRIBUNE TOWER
EXTERIOR PHOTOS
SHORTER FLAG POLE
INTERNALIZED SHADING
BUILT IN 1929
NEW BUILDINGS
NEW FLAGS
LARGER LIGHTS
EXPANDED BRIDGE
ENHANCED RIVERFRONT
LARGER PLAQUE
1925. “Tribune Tower, Chicago.” Architectural Forum, vol. 43, Oct. 1925, pp. 185–198.
Notice...
QUOTE
“For shade, tenants could request wrought-iron handforged awnings free of charge. By 1934 Tribune Tower’s occupants were cooled by what the Tribune claimed was the largest air conditioning system of its kind in the world.”
PAGE 24
ACROSS THE MICHIGAN AVENUE BRIDGE
2017. Image property of Clark Sabula
TRIBUNE TOWER
EXTERIOR PHOTOS
FLAG POLE MOVED NEW ANTENNA
NEW LIGHTS
MATERIAL AGING
1925. Solomonson, Katherine. The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition: Skyscraper Design and Cultural Change in the 1920s. Chicago [u.a.: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. Print.
Notice...
QUOTE
“These great buttresses, nearly 40 feet in height, appartently receive the thrust of the great center tower, with its rich Gothic detaul in the form of tracery window openings...”
PAGE 25
SOUTHWEST CORNER OF CROWN FROM WRIGLEY BUILDING
2017. Image property of Clark Sabula
TRIBUNE TOWER
EXTERIOR PHOTOS
NEW AD/TRASH CAN SIDEWALK CRACK
1925. “Tribune Tower, Chicago.” Architectural Forum, vol. 43, Oct. 1925, pp. 185–198.
Notice the very little changes on the exterior. The stone is the same and the doors have been reburbished to match originals. There are small changes in the infrastructure in front of the building.
QUOTE
“The use of two entrance doors instead of one or three is a characteristic of Gothic precedent, as is also the beautiful carved detail of the stone tracery screen which fills the upper part of the arched opening above the doors.”
PAGE 26
MAIN ENTRANCE FROM MICHIGAN AVENUE
2017. Image property of Clark Sabula
TRIBUNE TOWER
EXTERIOR PHOTOS
NEW EYE-BOLTS
NEW VASE
NEW ADVERSITEMNT
NEW STONE
1925. “Tribune Tower, Chicago.” Architectural Forum, vol. 43, Oct. 1925, pp. 185-198
Notice the original image shows people engaging with the building and making it a place of high class socializing. This was presumably a posed photo for the Tribune’s archives.
QUOTE
“If your address is Tribune Tower, Tribune Square, Chicago, men of inteligence and culture throughout the entire world will need only to hear it or read it to call up a vision of beauty and dignity and strength.”
PAGE 27
NORTH SIDE OF MAIN ENTRANCE
2017. Image property of Clark Sabula
TRIBUNE TOWER
INTERIOR PHOTOS
NEW INSCRIPTING
RECENTERED MAP
REMOVED ADVERTISING
NEW PLAQUES
PLAQUE REMOVED
REMOVED BENCH SMALLER DESK
REPLACED TILE
1925. McCormick Research Center, Wheaton, Illinois
Notice...
PAGE 28
LOBBY
1990. Image property of Vinci-Hamp Architects, Photographer: Bob Thall
TRIBUNE TOWER
INTERIOR PHOTOS
OPEN TEAM ROOM
ADDED WINDOWS
PROJECTION SCREEN
GLASS TEAM ROOM
RETAINED TILE VENEER
CASUAL BREAK-OUT SPACE
MEDIA SCREEN
OPEN TEAM ROOM
1967. Image provided by Steven Turckes, Perkins + Will
Notice after the renovation done by Perkins + Will in 2001 the transformation caused by the emerging prominence of digital media. In 2001, the 9,000sf. reel and press rooms were renovated to house the Tribune’s growing internet division.
NEW PROGRAM
2001. Image provided by Steven Turckes, Perkins + Will
QUOTE
“The second component is a two-level Fitness Center for the use of all Tribune Company employees. This 12,500 square foot facility provides a half-court basketball court and workout exercise areas.”
PAGE 29
PRINTING PRESS ROOM
260 OPEN WORK STATIONS
TRIBUNE TOWER
INTERIOR PHOTOS
NEW DROP CEILING
REMOVED PARTITIONS
NEW CARPETS
1967. chicagotribune.com
Notice...
PAGE 30
A NEWSROOM
2016. tribunetowerevents.com
TRIBUNE TOWER
INTERIOR PHOTOS
SMOKE ALARM
NEW VENT
REMOVED CANOPIES
PORTRAIT REMOVED
MULTIPLE WORK STATIONS
CONFERENCE PHONE
LOUNGE FURNITURE
NEW CARPET 1925. Kamin, Blair, and Bob Fila. Tribune Tower: American Landmark: History, Architecture, and Design. Tribune Co., 2000. pp. 43
Notice the change in furniture type to accommodate new work styles. The updated office has significantly less hierarchy and is now arranged in a way to promote various types of much smaller group meetings.
PAGE 31
24TH FLOOR EXECUTIVE OFFICE
2016. tribunetowerevents.com
Source: Kamin, Blair, and Bob Fila. Tribune Tower: American Landmark: History, Architecture, and Design. Tribune Co., 2000.
PAGE 32
GUIDE TO STONES AND ORIGINS
TRIBUNE TOWER
DETAIL PHOTOS
An Explaination of the Characters in Aesop’s Screen Source: Source: Kamin, Blair, and Bob Fila. Tribune Tower: American Landmark: History, Architecture, and Design. Tribune Co., 2000.
PAGE 33
AESOP’S SCREEN
TRIBUNE TOWER
DETAIL PHOTOS
Notice the quotes and who they come from. Source: Source: Kamin, Blair, and Bob Fila. Tribune Tower: American Landmark: History, Architecture, and Design. Tribune Co., 2000.
PAGE 34
A GUIDE TO INSCRIPTIONS
TRIBUNE TOWER
DETAIL PHOTOS
“In the solution of these problems, the architect stands between two organizations: on the one side the organization that builds the building, the contractors, the engineers, the sculptors, the material men, whom the architect directism to use a musical metaphor, as a leader directs a huge orchestra; on the other side the owner, his organizations and his needs.”
TRIBUNE TOWER
RECEPTION
“Seven floors and five basements descending to the freight subway were designed by members of the Tribune’s newpaper staff to accomodate the specially designed machines to produce daily, the greatest output of newspapers anywhere in the world” -Robert McCormick, 1925
THE TRIBUNE TOWER -- THE OWNER’S VIEW Citation and Date: “As a Work of Architecture.” The Western Architect, vol. 34, Nov. 1925, pp. 114–115.
“The Tribune also encouraged its readers to write in about their experiences and opinions. Throughout the competition, the paper solicited its readers’ opinions about architecture. Nearly every Sunday, the rotogravure section featured a full-page photographic spread illustrating monuments from various eras and continents...People responded with a variety of letters and drawings, suggesting everything from the log cabin to the medieval guild hall. Though a public consensus was not forthcoming, the paper tried to guide its readers toward its own view of good design.” -Solomonson, 1989
Citation and Date: Solomonson, Katherine. “Chicago’s Cathedral of Commerce.” Chicago History, vol. 18, Mar. 1989, pp. 4 and 11.
PAGE 35
CHICAGO’S CATHEDRAL OF COMMERCE
“You will observe from the foregoing that it is the intention of the owner to make this a truly monumental and beautiful building, and I am sure that the painstaking effort of the architects will give to the Tribune a building which will be an inspiration to its workers, a model for future generations, and a tribute to Chicago.” -Onderdonk, 1924
TRIBUNE TOWER
RECEPTION
JOURNAL OF THE WESTERN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS Citation and Date: Onderdonk, Holmes. “The Tribune Tower.” Journal of the Wester Society of Engineers, Volume XXIX, Dec. 1924.
“Such a descriptive analysis of the Tribune Tower as has here been attempted falls far short of giving any adequate impression of the unusual symmetry and beauty which it possesses. The masterful way in which scale and proportions are handled cannot be overlooked. The logical manner in which the rich gothic decorations crowning the building are made integral and structural part of the entire design is unsurpassed in architectural history. The height and mass of the great central octagonal tower with its eight flying buttresses are in perfect proportion as well as consistent and in unity with the lines and mass of the main shaft of the tower .” Citation and Date: “The Tribune Tower, Chicago.” The Architectural Forum, vol. XLIII, Oct. 1925.
PAGE 36
THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM
Chicago Tribune
Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)
http://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/image/194988351
November 24, 1924
December 4, 1924
· Thu, DecChicago 4, 1924 ·Tribune Page 28
Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois) · Mon, Aug 11, 1924 · Page 12
http://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/image/194613648
Downloaded on Oct 3, 2017
Downloaded on Oct 3, 2017
TRIBUNE TOWER
RECEPTION
June 23, 1924
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Copyright © 2017 Newspapers.com. All Rights Reserved.
August 11, 1924
Copyright © 2017 Newspapers.com. All Rights Reserved.
Notice the diction used when describing how the future tenants will be regarded if they reside within the building. Source: chicagotribune.newspapers.com
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NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS
TRIBUNE TOWER
1976
1939
1975
NEWSROOM PHOTOGRAPHS
Notice how the changing in technology has effected the layout of the workspace Source: chicagotribune.com
1967
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1967
TRIBUNE TOWER
1938 Newsroom Chicago Tribune, 1938
Notice...
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PAGE TITLE
1.“As a Work of Architecture.” The Western Architect, vol. 34, Nov. 1925, pp. 111–115. 2. Channick, Robert. “Tribune Tower Sold for Mixed-Use Redevelopment.”Chicagotribune.com, 28 Sept. 2016. 3. “Chicago Tribune Building Competition, John Mead Howells, Architect of Prize Winning Design.” American Architect, vol. 122, 1922, pp. 545-547. EBSCOhost proxy. 4. Herrick, John. “Throngs Come to Opening of Tribune Tower.” Chicago Tribune, 7 July 1925, p. 5. 5. O’Donnell Bennett, James. “Howells Wins in Contest for Tribune Tower.” Chicago Tribune, 3 Dec. 1922, pp. 22–23. 6. Kamin, Blair. “Respect for Tribune Tower’s History Should Guide Developers.”Chicagotribune.com, The Chicago Tribune, 3 Sept. 2016. 7. Kamin, Blair, and Bob Fila. Tribune Tower: American Landmark: History, Architecture, and Design. Tribune Co., 2000.
13. The International Competition for a NewAdministration Building for the Chicago Tribune, Mcmxxii, Containing All the Designs Submitted in Response to the Chicago Tribune’s $100,000 Offer Commemorating Its Seventy Fifth Anniversary, June 10, 1922. Chicago: The Chicago Tribune, 1923. Print. 14. “Tribune Tower, Chicago.” Architectural Forum, vol. 43, Oct. 1925, pp. 185–198.
TRIBUNE TOWER
BIBLIOGRAPHY / SOURCES / CONTACTS
CONTACT FOR ARCHIVES / ACCESS / EXPERTS: Ryerson & Burnham Archives Aaron Rutt, Reference Librarian rbarchives@artic.edu, arutt@artic.edu +1 312.443.3600 Chicago Historical Society, Research Center Ellen Keith, Librarian research@chicagohistory.org +1 312.642.4600 The Art Institute of Chicago Department of Architecture and Design Lori Hanna Boyer, Director lboyer@artic.edu +1 312.443.3949, ext. 5 The Chicago Tribune, Blair Kamin, Architecture Critic bkamin@chicagotribune.com +1 312.222.1922
8. Kinsley, Philip. The Chicago Tribune, Its First Hundred Years. Chicago Tribune, 1945. 9. Merwood-Salisbury, Joanna. Chicago 1890: The Skyscraper and the Modern City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. Print. 10. Onderdonk, Holmes. “The Tribune Tower.” Journal of the Society of Western Engineers, vol. 24, Dec. 1924, pp. 443–467. 11. Pygman, James W, and Richard Kateley. Tall Office Buildings in the United States. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 1985. Print. 12. Solomonson, Katherine. The Chicago Tribune Tower Competition: Skyscraper Design and Cultural Change in the 1920s. Chicago [u.a.: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. Print. PAGE 41