what if we run out of oil? PROJECT DESCRIPTION Petroleum is the main spine of the modern world. Current trends of supply and energy consumption are clearly unsustainable in environmental, economic and social terms . The current cities are in a state of oil-dependence that weak them in case of catastrophe. Furthermore, the battle against the climate change and the threating lack of petroleum leads us to find out some solutions around sustainable architecture. They will allow the transition to Post Oil Cities.
ENERGY FLOW OF THE PROPOSED POST OIL CITY
ENERGY FLOW OF THE OIL CITY
SOLAR 0.116 %
SOLAR 0.683 %
ELECTRICITY
NUCLEAR 8.836 %
ELECTRICITY NUCLEAR 51.895 %
HYDRAULIC 2.836 %
REJECTED ENERGY 58 %
WIND 0.740 %
HYDRAULIC 16.656 %
REJECTED ENERGY 24 %
RESIDENTIAL
GEOTHERMAL 0.391 %
COMERCIAL
USED ENERGY 42 %
BIOMASS 4.106 %
WIND 4.350 %
RESIDENTIAL USED ENERGY 76 %
GEOTHERMAL 2.299 %
COMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL COAL 20.912%
BIOMASS 24.114 %
INDUSTRIAL TRANSPORTATION
COAL 0.0 %
L GAS NATURAL 24.732%
NATURAL GAS 0.0 %
TRANSPORTATION
PETROLEUM 0.0 %
PETROLEUM 37.326%
There are diverse alternatives to petroleum, but none of them are truly effective. Hydrogen batteries and their high prices, the dreamed nuclear fusion which produce unimaginable amounts of energy or the different biomass sources are some of the well-known ideas.
PRODUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE
offshore
platform
coal mine
Nevertheless, this project is based on passive concepts and the integration of renewable energy production devices in the architectural design. In my research, I figured out that over 50% of the energy produced is lost on its way to the places where we consume it by the known Joule effect. My idea is to study the most representative “ecologies” (ways of living) of Los Angeles, as a studying case. For each of them I will design an specific building that will take the most benefit of the different renewable energy sources of the area where they are located. At the same time, the building program will be defined by the needs of the area, trying to solve some of the urban problems of that particular “ecology”. These urban interventions pretend to become “Post Oil Architectural seeds” and spread out all over the new buildings in the future, eventually becoming all together the first Post Oil City.
CONSUMPTION INFRASTRUCTURE
oil barrel
refinery
GAS
transport
gas natural g
industrial
coal
biomass farming
power plant
residential
seaweed farming
biomass
waste
uranium
nuclear power
residual water
geothermal
geothermal
wind energy
wind farm
hydraulic
hidroelectric
PETROLEUM INFRASTRUCTURE projected prosthesis
commercial
power line
lithium battery
electricity solar energy biomass energy
solar energy
H2
post oil energy
hydrogen
STRATEGIES FOR POST OIL ARCHITECTURE // ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION MUST BE AT THE SAME PLACE (SELF-SUFFICIENT DESIGN) // METABOLIC ARCHITECTURE. BUILT SPACES AS A LIVING ORGANISM //BACK IN THE XX CENTURY, FUNCTION USED TO SHAPE BUILDINGS. NOWADAYS, ENERGY MUST SHAPE THEM.
ENERGY EXCHANGER
MAXIMIZE SOUTH FACADE
Buildings is not the man protection of nature, but the device that allows man to improve its relation with the
The sun rise from east and sets on the west. The most exposed orientation over the day is the south, so the design will have o enlarge the south facade and shorten the north one as much as possible.
Rectangle shape
Drop shape
SOUTH (POWER)
Fingers shape
TREE HOUSE_IAAC BARCELONA
SOLAR PLANE INCLINATION
“A house is like a tree that captures energy with its leaves, and sends it down to its roots, where is stored, shared and returned to the house- to produce the fruit of electricty”
The design will follow the sun track over the day, so that the building takes the max profit of it, The shades that each element might drop on the photovoltaic panels will have to be considered carefully.
INTERACTION WITH SURROUNDINGS_MVDRV A building must deal with the place where it is located. It must become part of the natural ecosystem instead of an antinatural barrier.
ACCUMULATE ENERGY During the winter we need to warm up during the day in order to keep the comfort at night. Nevertheless, in summer we need cold down it during the night, so that it is comfortable during the day. Direct Gain
MECHANICAL BEAUTY _RICHARD ROGERS The beauty of showing how the building works by showing facilities, structure and other hiden elements. This concept actually helps to mantain the building, because everything is visible nd breaks can be easily detected. On the other hand, the inner space can be released as it was designed in the Pompidou (Paris).
MUTABLE ARCHITECTURE _FRANCOIS ROCHE The building envelope is considered as an extension of the nature, so that the construction would have life and would get deteriored or modified over the years.
Acumulation wall
Greenhouse transition
PROTECT FROM DIRECT SUN winter sun
In winter the sun is lower than in summer, so we can actually take advantage of it for our design. The idea is to avoid summer sun(70º) , but get winter sun (30º) to heat up our the building.
North Wall Reflection
Cantilever solution for the south facade
Decidous tree in front of south facade Decidous tree in front of south facade (Winter situation) (Summer situation)
PASSIVE VENTILATION The temperature and pressure difference between two stays with opposite orientations, generates an air stream that facilitates ventilation, which is very useful to mantain proper hygrothermal comfort. Passive ventilation poligonal shape
Passive ventilation curve shape
Thermal chimney
STRATEGIES FOR POST OIL CITY ENERGY CONSUMPTION MAPPING
LOS ANGELES ECOLOGIES Post oil Architectures reduce the loss of energy by Joule effect that happen when we transfer the energy from power plants to the places where we consume it. Therefore, the best place to locate these architectures will be where they can produce the most but at the same time they are closer to the places where it is consumed. I understand Los Angeles as a four different ecologies city,which means four different ways of living with different urban concerns and needs.
ENERGY PRODUCTION MAPPING
ECOLOGY 01 // sufurbia
Sufurbia is the most touristic “ecology” of LA. Unlike the others this is a super crowded area, so social concerns should take part on this one.
residential density building height poverty land use
ECOLOGY 02// flatlands
Flatlands are defined as the urban sprawl urbanism. Thousands of squared miles composed just by dwellings which are only limited by the freeways. This is the ecology where the guettos are located, therefore the most conflictive.
residential density building height poverty land use
ECOLOGY 03//03// autopia ECOLOGIA autopia
Autopia is where Los Angeles inhabitants spends the most time in their lives. In the Post Oil future, where private vehicles may disappear, these hiper infrastructures will become the new archaeologies of the future with no limit possibilities.
residential density building height poverty land use
ECOLOGY 04//04// foothills ECOLOGIA foothills
The higher you live, the richer you are. This is how the city is divided in Los Angeles.
residential density building height poverty land use
POA01// SUFURBIA
POA03// AUTOPIA
POA02// FLATLANDS
POA04// FOOTHILLS FO OO FOOTHILLS FOOTHILLS 50% FLATLANDS 50% FOOTHILLS 50% FLATLANDS 50%
ENERGY OPPORTUNITY AREAS
Fla t
DO DO DOWNTOWN 75% FL FL LA A FLATLANDS 25%
nds la
FOOTHILLS
FLATLANDS
FLATLANDS
DOWNTOWN FLATLANDS
FLATLANDS 50% SUFURBIA 50%
DOWNTOWN 75% FLATLANDS 25% FLATLANDS
Sufurbia
FOOTHILLS 50% FLATLANDS 50% FLATLANDS 50% SUFURBIA 50%
FLATLANDS
INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL
FLATLANDS
SUFURBIA INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL
FLATLANDS
POA 01// SUFURBIA
Solar radiation Fotovoltaic panel
PROGRAM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
EXHIBITION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY POST OIL PRODUCTION SYSTEM DISPLAY LOS ANGELES CITY ENERGY CONSUMPTION DISPLAY LOOKOUT SELF-SUFFICCIENT RESTAURANT WORK YOUR ENERGY ROOM
SOUTH ELEVATION: SOLAR
EAST ELEVATION: THE PIER ACCESS
Exhibition room
Acceso marino/ Mirado nivel del mar
ENERGETIC DEFINITION
Work out room Post Oil Architecture exhibition
Wave energy/ Ocean lookout Seaweed crops/ Wind energy
WAVE ENERGY Building supports are opened towards the main wave direction at the Venice Beach Pier (NE).
Cook yourself Wind turbines
Work your energy
Ocean lookout
Eatable flowers Crops
Energy storage
Wind Energytificial
Solar energy/ Production
Wave turbine
Pier access
LEVEL 0: OCEAN LOOKOUT
LEVEL 1: EXHIBITION PAVILION
WIND ENERGY Vertical axis wind turbines are specially recommended for low turbulent winds. Furthermore, these wind turbines will light with different intensities depending on the the energy production sources, so they will inform the people about the building energy production.
SOLAR ENERGY DESIGN The shape of this exhibition pavilion is based on the sun tracks of Los Angeles latitude.
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
GREEN ROOF: GRASS EATABLE FLOWER CROPS
NORTH ELEVATION: THE HILL
WEST ELEVATION: OCEAN ACCESS
FOTOVOLTAIC PANEL 15% EFFICIENCY 150 W/M2
WORK OUT ROOM (CINETIC)
Lookout restaurant Ecologic kitchen WORK YOUR ENERGY ROOM
Lookout/ eatable flowers crops
This work out room have dinamos in the bycicles for the visitors to produce energy that may be used to charge their electronic devices.
SEAWEED CROPS LEVEL 2: GREEN ROOF
EATABLE CROPPING
FLOWERS
AND
SEAWEED
In the top level, the building has a kitchen where to cook your own food or some of the harvested fruits, cereals and seaweed at this building.
LEVEL 3: LOOKOUT
WAVE TURBINE POWER: 1 MW/TURBINE
POA 02// FLATLANDS PROGRAM 1. 2. 3. 4.
MUNICIPAL WASTE SOLID COMBUSTION TOWER ENERGETIC CROPPING//SUBURBS FOOD LANDMARK REFERENCE TOWER SUBURBS URBANISM LOOK OUT
COMBUSTION TOWER// ENERGETIC CROP SLABS VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
BUILDING FACILITIES
STRUCTURAL ENVELOPE SYSTEM
ENERGETIC DEFINITION
ENVELOPE SYSTEM LOOKOUT RESTAURANT
Roof level Lookout//Water collector
Water is collected and deposited Limited 24 hours capacity The water needed for every day irrigation is pumped to the top from where it flows all the way down.
CHIMNEY EFFECT// WATER COLLECTOR The building envelope is opened on the top for a chimney effect. The water is collected on the roof and it will be used for the energetic crops irrigation.
CROPS
CROPS
URBAN FOREST A microclima is created by growing vertical plants on the interior walls. This will increase the humidity and eventurally i will become a natural spot in betweedn the contaminated suburbs of the city of Los Angeles.
ROOF LEVEL
PERFORATED METALLIC PANELS FOR CLIMBING PLANTS
Cropping level
PERFORATED METALLIC PANELS FOR CLIMBING PLANTS LOOKOUT
WIND TURBINES
FOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR
SOUTH ELEVATION CROPS CROPS
ENVELOPE SHAPE The shape envelope warps in order to gte the sun all day long, rotating on the west facade for taking profit of the lower afternoon sun as well.
CROPPING LEVEL
At the ground, the envelope shape flips inwards and creates a public terraced space.
GALLERIES
POST OIL ENERGY SOURCES EXHIBITION
NORTH FACADE SYSTEM
Ground level//
ACCESS
The perforations are bigger in the north facade, lighting more the space and leading the wind flow easily accross the windmills. TECHNICAL ROOM
GROUND LEVEL
SOUTH FACADE SYSTEM It is composed by fotovoltaic panels and transition surfaces in between. On the other hand, a metallic perforated facade support the climbing plants which creates a game of shadows in the building interiors.
ACCESS
POST OIL ARCHITECTURE EXHIBITION
NORTH ELEVATION
WATERDEPOSIT
TECHNICAL ROOM
POA 03// AUTOPIA
Wind turbines grows between lanes of the freeways overpasses.
PROGRAM 1. 2. 3. 4.
OIL CITY MUSEUM CAR TO PEDASTRIAN STATION ALTERNATIVE COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTION CHARGING STATION
Warped facade: Fotovoltaic panels// Lateral lighting
ENERGETIC DEFINITION South facade: A serie of concrete panels along the perimete will reduce the sun impact.
WIND-CINETIC ENERGY These huge 20 meters wide turbines will harness turbulent winds flowing through the city and also the flows created by the cars movement in opposite directions .
The wiring is passed through the turbine pilars to the ground , then is conducted along the building to the batteries area where it is collected.
ELEVATION WARPED SOLAR SURFACE
Biodiesel gas station Charging station
This facade becomes a roof as it gets southern disoriented in order to maximize the energy efficiency.
Access from the city
Rest area
Access from the city
Access from the freeway
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES I propose an alternative fuel based on biodiesel cropping products and charging stations for electric cars becoming popular in the city of Los Angeles. Moreover, there are garages where to modify diesel engines to the new biodiesel fuel engines which is cropped and supplied in this building.
Lookout point of the City infrastructures (freeways)
Oil
Garages
Oil City exhibition
Access from the freeway Rest area
Access from the city
Access from the city
SOUTH ELEVATION PROTECTION The entrance to the exhibition pavilion and the alternative energy energy sources zone is made out of glass and protected from sun by concrete panels placed randomly along the facade, so that the interior shadows create different drawings in the interior spaces.
SKYLIGHTS The central interior lighted by skylights.
areas
are
PROGRAM DEFINITION//GROUND LEVEL
ROOF LEVEL
POA 04// FOOTHILLS
Green roofing, will be placed in those planes that do not reach 15% inclination and the ones that face Fotovoltaic panels are orientated to the north. south and placed on between 15% and 45% inclinated planes for reaching 95% effectiviness.
PROGRAM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
SOCIAL DENSIFIER SOCIAL CLUB//DEMOCRATIC MEETING POINT WORKSHOPS EXHIBITION GALLERY WORK OUT ROOM//ECOLOGIC RESTAURANT
The roof become a new public space composed by solar energy panels and green areas for enjoying the city panorama. Ligthing is totally natural through the roof openings,saving a big amount of energy.
ENERGETIC DEFINITION The structure is based on the ground supported by light foundations.
UPWARD WINDS HARNESSING NATURAL VENTILATION By placing eolic wind turbines in the lowest facade, we will take advantage of the atmoshphere displacement from the higher presssure areas (valley) to the lower pressure areas (tope of the mountain). building across.
PROGRAM DEFINITION//GROUND LEVEL
The modules are 10 meters high in the lower part and 20 meteres high in the highest side, which lead the habitants divide it in difference ways for new uses over the years.
Upward mountain winds are harnessed at the lowest point. Then,they flow through the building ventilating it.
ELEVATION
SOLAR ENERGY OPTIMITATION NATURAL LIGHTING Fotovoltaic panels are orientated to south and placed on between 15% and 45% inclinated planes for reaching 95% effectiviness. Moreover, the roofing variation allows natural lighting of the interior spaces.
ROOF LEVEL TOPOGRAPHY ADAPTATION AND CREATION OF A NEW ARTIFICIAL ONE Every module is rased 10 meters over the ground, so the original topography is represented by the roofing shape. This new topography will take advantage of solar energy, will create terraces and will light the interios spaces.
LOBBY ECOLOGIC RESTAURANT WORK OUT ROOM EXHIBITION GALLERY WORKSHOPS
MODULE AXONOMETRY