Al Hakam - 6 March 2020

Camphor and respiratory epidemics The promise of a divine remedy

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Norway youth meet with Hazrat Khalifatul Masih V

The Holy Quran’s guidance on discord between nations

100 Years ago...

The way to live a spiritual life: An English Ahmadi lady’s advice

On 29 February, khuddam from the Norway had a mulaqat with Hazrat Khalifatul Masih V

Five causes of discord and their solution Page 5

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THE WEEKLY

www.alhakam.org AL HAKAM | Friday 6 March 2020 | Issue CIII Ahmadiyya Archive & Research Centre (ARC), 22 Deer Park Road, London, SW19 3TL. UK info@alhakam.org | F: +44(0)208 544 7673

Health and wealth at risk amid coronavirus spread

Hadith-e-Rasul – Sayings of the Holy Prophet Muhammadsa

The unity and uniqueness of Allah Hazrat Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, narrates, “The Holy Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent (an army unit) under the command of a man who used to lead his companions in prayers and would finish his recitation with, ‘Say (O Muhammad), “He is Allah, the One.”’ [Surah al-Ikhlas, Ch.112 V.2]. When they returned (from the battle), they mentioned that to the Prophetsa. He said (to them), ‘Ask him why he does so.’ They asked him and he said, ‘I do so because it mentions the qualities of the Beneficent and I love to recite it (in my prayer).’ The Prophetsa said (to them), ‘Tell him that Allah loves him.’

(Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Tawhid)

Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmadas, In His Own Words Fear the insight of a believer

At the point of writing this, official figures suggest that more than 90,000 cases (and counting) have been reported of COVID-19, of which over 15,000 are from outside of China. Of this figure, around 95% are from four countries – China, South Korea, Italy and Iran – with a ship in quarantine, Diamond Princess, following with over 700 cases.

While statistics remain uncertain, there is a huge worldwide scare as to the devastation it can bring around the world, not merely health-wise, but economically and otherwise.

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As it is narrated: ‫اتقوا فراسة المؤمن‬, i.e. be cautious of the insight of a believer, for yours is forced and theirs comes naturally; yours is superficial, while theirs is the reality. Take the example of a watch, which functions as a result of its mechanical parts. You can mistakenly say that it is seven o’clock when it is actually three o’clock; but a watch, which has been produced for this very purpose, will always tell the correct time and never make an error.

If a person obstinately opposes the correct time of a watch, what will they gain except for disgrace? In the same vain, remember that it does not behove a righteous person to argue and contend with those who possess the rank of divine nearness and are known to the world by various names. Hence, be fearful and never oppose a believer; always remain cautious lest you should be proven false and then suffer the worst of consequences due to wrongdoing on your part. For a believer sees with the light of Allah the Exalted, whereas

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

This Week in History 6 - 12 March A selection of brief incidents from the first and second era of Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya Continued from page 1

6 March 1932: The third and last session of the Round Table Conference was approaching in London. Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra penned detailed guidelines for the Muslim representatives attending the conference for guidance on how to protect the rights of Muslims in India.

6 March 1943: Majlis Ansarullah Qadian started conducting monthly meetings.

offered more services in propagating Islam and the physical and financial sacrifices that go with it. As expected, no opponent of Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya stepped up to the challenge.

8 March 1944: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra visited and prayed at the grave of the Promised Messiah, peace

6 March 1947: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was in Karachi where he graced a question and answer session that was attended by scores of non-Ahmadi guests. On the same day, Huzoorra attended a reception arranged by the then Chief Minister of Sindh, Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah.

6 March 1953: An angry mob stormed the Ahmadiyya Nur Mosque in Rawalpindi and set it ablaze. The gang also set fire to a nearby printing press owned by an Ahmadi. Further, they looted many shops and businesses of Jamaat members, before attacking the residence of the local amir.

6 March 1953: A frightening and merciless wave of anti-Ahmadiyya agitations, lootings, arsons, murders and brutal attacks on the life and properties of Jamaat members began spreading across Pakistan. In Lahore alone, three Ahmadis embraced martyrdom: Muhammad Shafi Sahib, Jamal Ahmad Sahib and Mirza Karim Baig Sahib. Later, the Government’s Inquiry Commission labelled this day similar to the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of France in 1572.

Due to the failure of civil authorities, a curfew was imposed on this day at 1:30pm in an attempt to prevent the ongoing systematic killings of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan. This Martial Law was lifted on 15 May. 6 March 1957: On this date, the Gold Coast (now Ghana) gained independence from Britain. Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra sent a message of congratulations, prayers and his best wishes to the premier of Ghana.

Local Ahmadis actively took part in the celebration ceremonies arranged across the country.

7 March 1923: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra announced the start of a campaign to quash the Shuddhi Movement in India. Huzoorra labelled this new endeavor as Jihad.

7 March 1952: The newspaper Badr commenced its regular publication from Qadian.

7 March 1959: Majlis Ansarullah Karachi convened its first ever two-day Ijtema. A recorded message of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was played at the Ijtema.

8 March 1935: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra invited opponents of the Jamaat to a challenge to see who

be upon him, for 40 consecutive days. Huzoorra would visit Bahishti Maqbara after Asr prayer and fervently pray for the triumph of Islam. A large number of Jamaat members started joining Huzoorra in this practice.

8 March 1947: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra visited the Jamaat’s Tabligh Centre in Karachi and also inspected the proposed land for the construction of a mosque.

8 March 1953: Two members of the Jamaat were martyred in Lahore on this date: Hawaldar Abdul Ghafoor Sahib and an Ahmadi chemist.

8 March 1959: The Chief Commissioner of Karachi visited Fazl-e-Umar Free Dispensary in Karachi which was run by Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya.

9 March 1921: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra delivered a speech in Malir Kotla about the truthfulness of Islam.

9 March 1923: To adequately confront the movement of the Shuddhi, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra voiced the need of 150 devoted and passionate people amongst the Jamaat members and donations worth 50,000 rupees.

9 March 1928: Administrators of the French Mandate in Syria issued expulsion orders for Jalaluddin Shams Sahib, the missionary appointed there. He was told to leave Damascus within 24 hours. Upon the instructions of the Markaz, he moved to Haifa and resumed his missionary duties there.

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Currently in the UK, hand sanitisers are scarce, face masks are said to not have much effect and new statistics suggest that if – or when – the virus reaches its peak, a fifth of the working population could be absent from their jobs.

Certain countries have prohibited large gatherings in an attempt to prevent further spread of COVID-19, while others have discouraged shaking hands, aimlessly socialising and some are considering proposing to employees to work from home.

As this all unfolds, there are talks of the virus potentially slowing down in parts of the major affected regions.

We all understand such occurrences to be proof of the advent of the Promised Messiah, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, peace be upon him.

In no way does this mean that we believe it to be a good thing that innocent people are suffering. However, famines, earthquakes, diseases and various natural disasters were all foretold hundreds of years prior to Hazrat Ahmad’sas advent.

Not only that, but Hazrat Ahmadas spoke explicitly about the coming of such signs in times to come and the real wisdom behind them.

The Promised Messiahas says: “Not only earthquakes, but other terrible calamities will also appear, some from heaven and some from earth.

This will occur because mankind has abandoned the worship of their God, and have fallen upon materialism with all their heart, all their resolve, and all their thoughts. Had I not come, these calamities might have been delayed a little, but with my coming the hidden designs of God’s wrath that had remained hidden for a long time, have been manifested as God said: َ َ ّٰ ۡ ّ َّ ُ ‫َو َما ﻛنا ُم َع ِذ ِبی َن َحتی ن ۡب َعﺚ َر ُسوۡلًا‬ [We shall never punish until we have sent a messenger (Surah Bani Isra‘il, Ch.17: V.16)]. Those who repent shall find security and those who fear before the calamity overtakes them will be shown mercy.” (Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmadas, Haqiqatul-Wahi, p. 327) Let us pray that mankind repents and fears their Lord, for this is the only way to avoid tragedy on a mass scale.

As Ahmadi Muslims, we reiterate that we will be at the forefront of serving our fellow humans in times of difficulty. And when there is peace and calm, you will still find us at the forefront, but this time, serving humanity spiritually.

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

Norway youth meet with Hazrat Khalifatul Masih V

On 29 February, the National Amila of Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya Norway and qaideen had a mulaqat with Hazrat Khalifatul Masih V, may Allah be his Helper.

At the beginning of the mulaqat, the khuddam introduced themselves and their respective roles. Huzooraa enquired from each person about the details of their plans, targets and achievements. Huzooraa further gave advice on direction and implementation of new programmes.

The khuddam had the opportunity to ask various questions on diverse matters to Hazrat Amirul Momineenaa.

The first question asked was how one should go about approaching such khuddam who are studying or working and

thus, unable to come to the mosque due to studies and managing time.

In response, Hazrat Amirul Momineenaa said, “You should keep in touch with the khuddam. If they wish to come, and if they feel that they can manage and balance their work, then it is fine.” Huzooraa added, “Have a meeting and interactive discussions with the students who are studying and working and try to work out how they can balance studies and work with Jamaat related work.

We can only advise them, not force them.”

Huzooraa further added, “Those young men who are currently working, studying and also spare time for Jamaat related work should meet and engage with the young khuddam.

When they see that men of their own age are

Ashra Tabligh in Myanmar Mustafa Ahmad General Secretary Myanmar

Towards the end of November 2019, a representative of Hazrat Khalifatul Masih V, may Allah be his Helper, came to Myanmar for an annual review. For the year 2020, he gave special instructions on tarbiyat and tabligh.

Following the targets set, Jamaate-Ahmadiyya Myanmar began a series of initiatives to promote tarbiyyat and tabligh, especially at an individual level. An example was the “Ashra Tabligh” initiative from 16 January 2020 to 30 January 2020, during which Jamaat members focused on spreading the message of Islam Ahmadiyyat for ten days. The tabligh campaign consisted of trips to Mawlamyein (Southern Myanmar) where contacts were made and

discussions about Islam Ahmadiyyat were held.

Furthermore, National Tabligh Day was also held. The theme of the Tabligh Day was to introduce the translation of the book World Crisis and the Pathway to Peace in which our beloved Huzooraa warns the world of impending disasters and also presents solutions to avoid future disasters that would result from the hands of mankind itself. Over 200 participants attended this event and one lady accepted Islam Ahmadiyyat and did Bai‘at after the event. Alhamdolillah.

May Allah the Almighty enable us to spread the true teaching of Islam Ahmadiyyat in Myanmar and contribute to bring a peaceful atmosphere to the whole nation.

able to manage and balance their work, they will then themselves realise.”

One khadim expressed his desire of starting a podcast and asked which topic and theme the podcast should be on.

Responding to what the theme should be, Huzooraa said, “The perfect character of the Holy Prophetsa. A lot of content is available on this topic. With this theme, you will be able to explain what the Holy Prophetsa wanted from us and what the Holy Quran teaches … You will then be able to expound on what the Holy Quran teaches, the ahadith and the writings of the Promised Messiahas. This will benefit Ahmadis and other Muslims too.”

A khadim asked how we can explain the

truth to those who do not believe in angels and say that such things are baseless and merely old stories.

Hazrat Khalifatul Masihaa said that first, one should bring them towards believing in the existence of God, then they will be able to understand the works of angels. Huzooraa further said that books such as Our God and Ten Proofs of the Existence of God should be made available in Norwegian. Through this, Huzooraa said, “If their belief in God is firm, then the belief in angels will come automatically.” Huzooraa added and quoted َ ّٰ َ the verse of the Holy Quran, ‫آم َن ِبالل ِه َو َملَائِك ِت ِه‬ ُ ُ ُ ُ َ َ ‫ وكت ِب ِه ورس ِل ِه‬and said, “Belief in God comes first, then comes belief in angels.”

One khadim asked what the difference between Satan and Iblis is. Huzooraa answered, “There is no difference between Satan and Iblis. All things that cause you to slip, fill your mind with wrong thoughts and encourage you to do wrong deeds is considered Satan. The Holy Prophetsa once stated that Satan flows in the blood vessels of man. When man is weak in faith, then wrong thoughts run through one’s mind.

Thus, you should continue to pray and seek refuge.”

Following this, a khadim asked about the wisdom behind wearing a topi. Answering this, Hazrat Amirul Momineenaa said that it is a symbol of respect. However, during Hajj, one does not need to wear a topi. It is simply a code of dress. Every culture has its tradition and topis are worn as a sign of respect. Huzooraa further expounded, “There are examples in Arabian countries of men who do not wear a topi during Namaz. … The culture in our subcontinent is that we wear a topi during Namaz.”

The final question of the mulaqat was asked with regard to tabligh and social media. The khadim asked Hazrat Khalifatul Masihaa how one can do tabligh on social media.

Huzooraa replied, “Wherever someone comments and raises allegations against Islam, you should respond in such a manner that they have no further question to raise.

This is why I have said that there should be a team within Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya who can take this responsibility.”

The mulaqat concluded with the khuddam having the opportunity to take a group picture with Huzooraa.

Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

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100 Years Ago...

The way to live a spiritual life: An English Ahmadi lady’s advice The Review of Religions (English), March 1920

We give below the text of a paper which Miss Beddon, one of the English ladies who have recently joined the Ahmadiyya movement, read before a meeting of ladies and gentlemen held on January 11th, 1920, at the headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Movement in England at 4 Star Street, Edgware Road, London, W. 2. The paper was meant as a New Year greeting and contains a good deal of spiritual food for those who are desirous of leading truly Muslim lives. We congratulate our sister Haneefah on her pure and wise thoughts and pray that God may help her to become a pattern and example for others.

(Editor of The Review of Religions in 1920) January 11th—New Year greetings I have been asked by our brothers to say a few words to you this evening, and I assure you it is with great pleasure I greet you as sisters and brothers this new year of 1920, wishing you all happiness. I feel that those of you who are not already sisters or brothers in the faith cannot possibly obtain the perfect happiness which is to be found. I therefore urge you to find out the beauties of Islam, join our brotherhood, know all you can of our Holy Prophet Muhammad, on whom be peace, and you then will indeed have a Happy New Year.

We must establish ourselves in a sense of God’s presence, by continually conversing with Him. We must feed and nourish our souls with high notions of God. This will create great joy, by being devoted to Him. Walk closely with Him. Say to yourselves daily, hourly if possible, Oh, for a closer walk with God, a calm and heavenly ray, a lamp that shines upon the road that leads me unto God. It is lamentable we have so little faith in our God, who is also our Creator, our Sustainer, Nourisher, and Cherisher. We must enliven our faith, give ourselves up to God, with regard both to things temporal and spiritual, and seek our satisfaction only in the fulfilling of His will, whether He lead us by suffering, or by consolation, for all are equal to a soul truly resigned.

To arrive at such resignation as God requires, we should watch attentively over all the passions which mingle as well in spiritual things, as those of a grosser nature. God will give light concerning these passions to those who truly desire to serve Him. You may go to Him as often as you please, and He will not think you troublesome. No, He continues to bestow His favours in abundance. He requires no great matters of us, a little remembrance of Him from time to time, a little adoration, sometimes to pray for

His grace, sometimes to offer Him your sufferings, and sometimes to return Him thanks for the favours He has given you and still gives you, in the midst of your troubles, and to console yourselves with Him the oftenest you can.

Lift up your hearts to Him, when at your meals, and when you are in company; the least little remembrance will always be acceptable to Him. You need not cry very loud. He is nearer to us than we are aware of. It is not necessary for being with God to be always at the mosque or the church. Oh no, He made a mosque of our heart wherein to retire from time to time, to converse with Him, in meekness, humility, and love. Everyone is capable of such familiar conversation with God; some more, some less. He knows what we can do. Let us begin then. Perhaps He expects but one generous resolution on our part. Have courage; we have but little time to live, so let us live and die with God. Sufferings will be sweet and pleasant to us while we are with Him, and the greatest pleasures will be (without Him) a cruel punishment to us.

Use yourselves then by degrees thus to worship Him, to offer Him your heart from time to time, in the midst of your daily life. Act with a general confidence in God with love and humility; confess your faults. Let it be your business to keep your mind in the presence of your Lord.

If it sometimes wanders, and withdraw itself from Him, do not much disquiet yourselves for that. Trouble and disquiet serve rather to distract the mind than to recollect it. The will must bring it back to tranquility. If you persevere in this manner, God will have pity on you. One way to recollect the mind easily in the time of prayer and preserve it more in tranquility, is not to let it wander too far at other times, but keep it strictly in the presence of God. One does not become

holy at once. We must help one another by our advice, and yet more by our good examples.

I am filled with shame and confusion, when I reflect on one hand upon the great favours which God has done, and incessantly continues to do me, and on the other, upon the ill use I have made of them and my small advancement in the way of perfection. Since by His mercy He gives us still a little time, let us begin in earnest. Let us return with a full assurance to that Father of Mercies who is always ready to receive us affectionately. Let us renounce, let us generously renounce for the love of Him, all that is not He. He deserves infinitely more. Let us think of Him perpetually. Let us put all our trust in Him. I doubt not but we shall soon find the effect of it in receiving the abundance of His grace with which we can do all things, and without which we can do nothing but sin – we cannot escape the dangers which abound in life without the actual and continual help of God. Let us then pray to Him for it continually, but how can we pray to Him without being with Him. How can we be with Him, but in thinking of Him often?

And how can we often think of Him but by a holy habit which we should form of it? You will tell me that I am always saying the same thing. It is true for this is the best and easiest method I know, to invite all the world to it. We must know before we can love. In order to know God we must often think of Him, and when we come to love Him, we shall then also think of Him often, for our heart will be with our treasure.

I have endeavoured to point out to you the necessity of prayer, which is the soul’s desire. The soul must be fed. Common sense must tell us that our souls need daily food just as much as our bodies. If it is a law in physical life that we must eat

to live, it is also equally a law in spiritual life. Many of you here tonight perhaps say: Give us this day our daily bread, is a prayer that includes the soul as well as the body, and unless our religion contains this necessary, for our weekday lives as well as our Sunday lives, it is a grievous failure.

The religion of Islam is full of principles that fit into human life, and the soul that would grow strong must feed itself on these as well as on the more dainty fare of sermons and services. It is of vital importance, that we choose the right sort of spiritual food upon which to feed.

If unwholesome physical food injures the physical health, so also must unwholesome mental food injure the spiritual health. There is such a thing as spiritual indigestion, just as there is physical indigestion. More and more are the most skillful physicians urging the fact that the state of our health, is largely dependent upon the food we eat, and gradually mankind are learning, that to secure good health for our bodies we must eat only health giving food. This is equally true on the spiritual plane although it is not so generally recognised. The laws of spiritual hygiene, are as real and as inexorable as the laws of physical hygiene, and it is of vital importance to our soul health that we should realise this.

Leanness of soul arises far more often than we think from the indigestible nature of the spiritual food we have been feeding upon. We are not satisfied to eat the food God has provided for us, and we hunger for the flesh pots of Egypt. We do not like our providential surroundings perhaps or our church, or our preacher, or our work, and we all the time think we could be better if only our circumstances were different. It is that our souls loathe the light food God has provided and we Continued on next page

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

The Holy Quran’s guidance on discord between nations M Nasir

First cause of discord A form of discord that has reared its ugly head with all its force in the recent past – something that remains even today – is what ensues the slandering of prophets of other faiths and not having regard for them.

Where the people of a nation show great love for their religious founders, emotional distress and eventual bloodshed can be the end result when those same religious leaders are needlessly maligned and made targets of hatred.

The Holy Quran has presented a most perfect solution to this issue: َ َّ َ ُ َ ‫ِا ْن ِم ْن ا ّم ٍة ِالا خلَا فِ ْی َہا ن ِذیْ ٌر‬ “… there is no people to whom a Warner has not been sent.” (Surah Fatir, Ch.35: V.25) There is no people of the world – irrespective of location, region, the language they speak or their race – who are exceptions to this. We should remember through this Quranic verse that Allah has appointed someone in every area and every country on His behalf.

Thus, there is no reason for the people of a nation to scorn the founders of another nation and look down upon them.

Second cause Another major reason for unrest between nations is the mindset that a person’s nation is intellectually and racially superior to all other nations. This sort of mindset is common even in today’s world and, oftentimes, ends in bloodshed.

In Surah al-Hujurat, the Holy Quran has uprooted such notions and mindsets and has emphatically explained: ُ ٰ ۡ َ َ َّ ُ َّ َ ُّ َ ٰۤ ٰۡ ُ َ َ َ ُ ُ ٰۡ َ​َ ‫اس ِانا خلقنک ۡم ِّم ۡن ذک ٍر ّو انثی َو َج َعلنک ۡم ش ُعوۡ ًبا ّو ق َبٓائِ َل‬ ‫یایہا الن‬ ّٰ َّ ۡ ُ ٰ ۡ َ ّٰ َ ۡ ۡ ُ َ َ ۡ َ َّ ۡ ُ َ َ َ ٌ‫الل َہ َع ِل ۡی ٌم َخبیۡر‬ ‫ل ِتعارفوا ؕ ِان اکرمکم ِعند الل ِہ اتقکم ؕ ِان‬ ِ “O mankind, We have created you from a male and a female; and We have made you into clans and tribes that you may recognise one another. Verily, the most honourable among you, in the sight of Allah, is he who is the most righteous among you. Surely, Allah is All-knowing,

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question as the Israelites did. I tell you, my sisters and brothers, the soul that feeds on the wind of doctrine or on the “ashes” of earthly vanity will find itself brought into a state of desolation and distress, and this not because of God’s wrath, according to our understanding of that expression, but because of the unchangeable law of spiritual hygiene, that improper soul

All-Aware.” (Surah al-Hujurat, Ch.49: V.14) In other words, “O mankind, We have created all of you from male and female and have divided you into nations and tribes. However, this division is only for recognising one another and not for spreading hatred or derision or proving others as inferior to you. Nobility and excellence is not in national or racial distinction, but rather, in the sight of Allah, it is in taqwa. Those who excel others in taqwa indeed know themselves to be inferior to others. Do not think that God is unaware of these things; He knows full well and has knowledge of everything.”

Third cause Another reason for grievances among peoples of different nations is natural resources that have been usurped and unjustly divided between nations by superpowers.

The Holy Quran says: َّ ۡ ُ َ َ َ َ ۡ َّ َ ُ َۡۡ ‫ض َج ِم ۡی ًعا‬ ِ ‫ہو ال ِذی خلق لکم ما فِی الار‬ “He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth.” (Surah al-Baqarah, Ch.2: V.30) That is to say that the earth Allah has created does not exclusively belong to a people of a particular region, race or language; it is for every one of us. That this is not practiced in today’s day is a major cause of unrest in the world.

Due to international grievances, the earth has turned red with the blood shed through conflict and battles.

The Holy Quran states: ۡ‫َو ِا ۡن َطٓائ َف ٰتن م َن ال ۡ ُم ۡؤم ِنی ۡ َن ۡاق َت َت ُلوۡا َفاَ ۡص ِل ُحوۡا بَ ۡی َن ُہ َما ۚ َفا ۢۡن بَ َغت‬ ِ ِ ِ َ ّٰ َ َّ ُ َ َ ۡ ُ ِ َ ِ ُ ٰ ۡ ّٰ َ ‫ِاحد‬ ۚ ‫ٮہ َما َ​َعلی الۡاخ ٰری فقا ِتلوا ال ِت ۡی ت ۡب ِغ ۡی َحتی ت ِٰف ۡٓی َء ِالٰۤی ا ۡمرِ الل ِہ‬ َ ۡ َ َ ۡ َ ّ َ ُ َۡ َ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ُ ‫ف ِان ف‬ ‫ٓاءت فا ۡص ِل ُحوۡا بَ ۡین ُہ َما ِبال َع ۡد ِل َو اق ِسطوۡا ؕ ِا ّن الل َہ یُ ِح ّب ال ُمق ِس ِطی َن‬

party.

“And if two parties of believers fight [against each other], make peace between them; then if [after that] one of them transgresses against the other, fight the party that transgresses until it returns to the command of Allah. Then if it returns, make peace between them with equity, and act justly. Verily, Allah loves the just.”

(Surah al-Hujurat, Ch.49: V.10) This can be seen as to mean, “And if two parties from among the believers quarrel amongst each other, then you should reconcile between them. And if one of them exceeds all bounds against the other, then the culprit should be fought with until they return to Allah’s command. You should enact just reconciliation between the two and deal with them with justice.

Verily, Allah loves those who are just.”

Allah says that in the scenario of warfare between two nations, it becomes the responsibility of other nations to seek reconciliation between the two fighting parties as far as possible.

However, if a nation does not desire settlement while being in the wrong, it becomes incumbent on other nations to fight with the wrong and unjust nation for the purpose of preventing further bloodshed and as a right to the rightful

food must produce illness of soul, just as improper food for the body must make the body ill.

This New Year which is now with us, makes a new epoch in our lives. With so many conflicting thoughts it is desirable that harmony of some sort should exist.

Islam gives us, this the real introduction to this New Year. Let our actions be based on unity. With the Moslem prayer always

before us – “show us the way” in Islam, there is nothing between you and your God. Perfect unity existing, is not this a beautiful thought? No mediator required.

And now as we tread our way through this new year, beset with all its trials, let us remember our God – remember we are at unity with Him, and say as many times a day as we possibly can: Allah-o-Akbar Ash-hadu-Alla-Ilaha

Illallahu; God is great, there is no one but Him; Could we but kneel and cast our load, E’en while we pray unto our God, Then rise with lightened cheer, Sure that the Father who is nigh To hear the famished raven’s cry Will hear, we need not fear.

Fifth cause Discord can also arise between nations – albeit smaller ones e.g. tribes, rather than bigger nations – as a result of linguistic disputes.

From the perspective of the Holy Quran, all languages stem from one heavenly language, which eventually gave birth to many languages. For this reason, any linguistic clash between peoples is unjustified.

Conclusion The aforementioned five reasons for discord between nations all encompass one underlying point: If peoples belonging to different languages, races, cultures and regions accept their Creator and Master, then His unity can firmly unite mankind.

If only the world understood this.

Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

6

The world examined

Western individualism, fake news and extraterrestrial proteins

This series scans the latest research and developments in the realms of science, academia, technology and geopolitics, providing a glance at the ever changing world

SOCIAL SCIENCE

GEOPOLITICS

Russian opposes gay marriage A constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage in Russia was proposed by President Vladimir Putin.

Commentators and analysts have called this step political; to increase turnout for the constitutional referendum planned next month. In Russian, “A law is already on the books prohibiting advocating what are called nontraditional sexual relationships to children.” Noted Andrew Kramer for the New York Times.

Mr Kramer further wrote, “The deputy speaker of Parliament, Pyotr Tolstoy, praised the proposed constitutional ban on gay marriage. Mr. Tolstoy has said the ban is needed in the constitution so international organizations cannot ‘force Russia into any giving sort of special rights for the LGBT community.’” (nytimes.com, 3 March 2020) Last month, President Putin said that Russia would not legalise gay marriage while he was in power, saying “As far as ‘parent number 1’ and ‘parent number 2’ goes, I’ve already spoken publicly about this and I’ll repeat it again: as long as I’m president this will not happen.There will be dad and mum”. (uk.reuters.com, 13 February 2020) Reuters also noted that since his two decades in power, “Putin has closely aligned himself with the Orthodox Church and sought to distance Russia from liberalWestern values, including attitudes towards homosexuality and gender fluidity.”

Failings of Western individualism A new study by the University of Georgia published in Social Psychological and Personality Science has uncovered that western “Individualism” contains contradictions about the heroic myth of “American individualism”. “‘In Western and particularly American culture there is a notion that we have a lot of freedom, and that you can reinvent yourself and that’s a positive thing,’ said Brian Haas, associate professor in the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences department of psychology and lead author on the new study. ‘But when you apply it to one’s self-

concept and reinventing one’s self, are they better off?

Are they happier than people who do not change? We found that it’s not the case.’” Those who are inconsistent with themselves experience less well-being the study showed, “In the United States, people who are being inconsistent, experience lower well-being, report that they are less happy, have less meaning in life and have poorer relationships with their family members.” (phys. org, 4 March, 2020)

ASTRONOMY

Protein found in meteorite from 1990 Proteins are the building blocks of life, made up of amino acids. Previously, scientists had discovered sugars and some other molecules “considered to be precursors to amino acids” in meteorites. However, until now, fully formed proteins have not been found in these extraterrestrial bodies. Researchers at Plex Corporation, Bruker Scientific LLC and Harvard University have found “evidence of a protein inside a meteorite”.“The researchers have discovered a protein called hemolithin inside of a meteorite that was found in Algeria back in 1990. The hemolithin protein found by the researchers was a small one, and was made up mostly of glycine and amino acids. It also had oxygen, lithium and iron atoms at its ends—an arrangement never seen before. The team’s paper has not yet been peer reviewed, but once the findings are confirmed, their discovery will add another piece to the puzzle that surrounds the development of life on Earth.” (phys.org, 3 March 2020)

TECH

Google robot learns to walk itself News and science: How to find “fake news” In an age of “fake news” and political battles fought with misinformation, deciphering through the falsehood is crucial to find truth. In a study published in The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, researchers advise the “source” of any information should always be researched. For example, if a Geologist is talking about a vaccine, sudden alarm bells should ring telling you that the area of expertise of a Geologist isn’t concerned with vaccines. In this manner, when the original source of any information is unearthed, the truth will often follow. (The Psychology of Learning and Motivation,Volume 71)

Rainbow Dash, a robot created by researchers from Google, UC Berkeley and the Georgia Institute of Technology, has recently taught itself to walk. The team described “a statistical AI technique known as deep reinforcement learning they used to produce this accomplishment”. Dash walked without any “dedicated teaching mechanism, such as human instructors or labeled training data.”

Further, it “succeeded in walking on multiple surfaces, including a soft foam mattress and a doormat with fairly notable recesses.”

Chelsea Finn, a Stanford assistant professor commented by saying “‘Removing the person from the [learning] process is really hard. By allowing robots to learn more autonomously, robots are closer to being able to learn in the real world that we live.’” (techexplore.com, 4 March, 2020)

GOOD TO KNOW

What does E=mc2 actually mean?

Arguably the world’s most famous equation, E=mc2 (the theory of special relativity), was posed by Albert Einstein in 1905. But what does the equation even mean? Well, it tells us that energy and mass are interchangeable; E is energy, m is mass, c is the speed of light squared; energy = mass x the speed of light squared. In other words, a tiny amount of mass can equal to immense levels of energy. The equation helped explain how the sun shines so bright and hot and also how atomic bombs created so much energy through nuclear fission like those of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The equation has been paramount in research into nuclear energy.

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

Atheism on Trial

Who are the New Atheists?

Sabahat Ali Rajput Missionary, Mexico

The 21st century has fathered an opposition to faith unparalleled in history. The concept of God has become so skewed and misconstrued by the followers of the various faiths, that unravelling the truth and distinguishing facts from fables seems all but impossible for the layman.

Indeed, more than ever before, it seems that mankind has lost its Creator in the perpetuating welter of its fragmented thoughts. Even more dismaying is the dangerous cocktail of negative publicity that religious extremism has earned in the popular press, combined with the oftenbiased projection of religious people in the news and information media.

From the awe-inspiring sub-atomic ventures of the CERN in Switzerland to the incredible efforts of leading scientists at NASA trying to understand the origin and evolution of life in the universe, scientific advancements have led many people to express the view that an interest in the existence of God, the Creator, has become a thing of the past. This is especially true of the “New Atheists”, who seem to regard the spectacular advances of science and technology as a materialistic substitute for God. To them, the concept of God is something primitive, unscientific, and even dangerous.

Traditional vs “New” Atheism A definition of traditional atheism given

by Charles Bradlaugh (1833-1891) – considered the most influential atheist of Victorian England – highlights the difference between new and traditional atheism. He states, “Atheism is without God. It does not assert no God.” (The Freethinkers Textbook, 1879) The traditional stance of atheism was founded on the notion that one can simply choose to live his or her life without any concept of an externally existing divine reality.

Traditional atheists did not generally go out of their way to openly criticise and discourage other people’s belief in God. “New Atheism” surfaced largely as an intellectually aggressive reaction to the tragic events of 9/11 terrorism and sought to blame religion for being the cause of the unprecedented tragedy. Even today, 19 years after the tragic incident, no single, commonly agreed upon, definition of New Atheism has emerged. According to the Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy: “The New Atheists are authors of early twenty-first century books promoting atheism. These authors include Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, and Christopher Hitchens … A standard observation is that New Atheist authors exhibit an unusually high level of confidence in their views.” (www.iep.utm. edu/n-atheis/, retrieved 9 December 2019) Suffice it to say, New Atheism is a much more hostile approach to de-

nouncing the concept of, and belief in, God than traditional atheism. It has even been called “fundamentalist” and “militant” by its critics (www.npr. org/templates/stor y/stor y.php?stor yId=113889251&t=1583242979963).

Whereas traditional atheism had a far more passive approach, New Atheism seeks to actively demean, denigrate and degrade religious beliefs and strongly insists on the non-existence of God, claiming that it does not stand upon the pillars of science. New Atheists not only denounce religious faith but claim that it is the root of much of the evil prevalent in the world.

The New Atheist premise The writings of those who identify as New Atheists mostly surfaced in the wake of the tragic events of 9/11. Sam Harris, for instance, admits to having started writing his book, The End of Faith, on 12 September 2001, just a day after the tragic incident.

(The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason) Secondly, unlike traditional atheists, New Atheists categorically reject the “NOMA Compromise,” – an acronym for “Non-Over-lapping Magisterium.” This compromise urges that even though faith and science ask and answer a different set of questions, the two domains of enquiry can still coexist peacefully. In The God Delusion, Dawkins quotes Gould, the founder of the compromise. Gould writes: “The net, or magisterium, of science covers the empirical realm: what is the universe made of (fact) and why does it work this way (theory). The magisterium of religion extends over questions of ultimate meaning and moral value. These two magisteria do not overlap, nor do they encompass all inquiry (consider, for example, the magisterium of art and the meaning of beauty). To cite the old clichés, science gets the age of rocks, and religion the rock of ages; science studies how the heavens go, religion how to go to heaven.”

The shallow wordplay in this quotation is obviously not an acceptable substitute for any substantive ideas. However, New Atheists have discarded this academic compromise; for them, scientific reasoning altogether diametrically juxtaposes and concretely contradicts religious thinking.

(The Rhetoric of New Atheism) The third distinguishing characteristic of New Atheists is the outrage and boldness with which they carry out their rhetoric in public. Their cavalier selfassuredness is asserted through an array of linguistic techniques, which far outstrip their use of argumentative methodology and logic. They use a series of rhetorical devices to confuse, distract from the actual subject and emotionally manipulate their readership and audience to demonise the belief in God and religion.

The aporia of New Atheism The New Atheists are up against an

intellectual roadblock: “Why does the world actually exist?” (“The Basic Question”, The New York Times, August 04, 2012) To evade this vital question, they have employed several logical fallacies and distracting techniques to get around the responsibility of responding to this. Despite their best efforts, the ultimate cosmological question of why anything exists at all is left totally unanswered. This is the brick-wall that lays bare the inevitable limits of logic and reason, especially as far as atheistic thought is concerned.

For instance, Sam Harris only skims this question and quickly tucks it away, unaddressed to satisfaction; just stating that it is “a mystery absolute.” (The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason) The only example of a New Atheist who dares enter the scholarly skirmish is that of Jim Holt, author of Why Does the World Exist? An Existential Detective Story. After having spoken with various theologians, philosophers and scientists, he concludes that there may be “an answer,” but dissappointingly never actually reaches a conclusive verdict.

Then, when Holt puts this question of why the universe exists to David Deutsch, yet another world-renowned physicist from Oxford University, he is told, “I don’t think that an ultimate explanation of reality is possible.”

He goes to the extent of asking Steven Weinberg – a household name and Nobel Laureate (1979) in Physics, and a wellknown scientist who has worked on the unification of fundamental forces, electromagnetic, weak and strong forces – to describe the formation and functioning of the universe; why does the universe exist at all? He also leaves the question totally hanging with the words, “I don’t see any way out of that mystery.” (Why Does the World Exist?: An Existential Detective Story)

Even Harry L Shipman admits, while concluding his book, Black Holes, Quasars and the Universe, “Who created the material that exploded as Big Bang?

For this the astronomer has no answer.

We may be able to look back to the early seconds of the evolution of the universe, but our vision stops there.”

Evidently, even the most accomplished minds in the scientific world are totally at a loss to answer the fundamental questions about the existence and the Creator of the universe.

Regarding such an intellectual impasse – one which every atheist inevitably faces – the Promised Messiah, peace be upon him, observes: “I would like to point out that the reason why an atheist is able to argue with a rationalist regarding the existence of the Eternal God is that the study of creation does not provide factual testimony of His existence; that is, it does not prove that the Creator actually exists, but only that He ought to exist. Thus, evidence regarding the existence of the Creator of the universe, based only on reason, becomes ambiguous in the eyes of an atheist … Therefore, anyone whose understanding of God is limited to the study of creation alone is in no position to affirm that God actually exists. Rather, the reach of his knowledge extends only to the possibility that He ought to exist, and that, too, if the person is not inclined towards atheism.” (Barahine-Ahmadiyya, Part III, pp. 42-43) This is the reason why past philosophers who confined themselves merely to rational arguments fell into grave errors and created hundreds of controversies, but passed away without resolving them. Their lives came to such a restless end that they, having harbored thousands of doubts and misgivings, died as atheists, naturalists and heretics and the paper boat of philosophy was unable to carry them ashore.

(To be continued)

Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

8 Health

Dr Noureen Ahmad General Practitioner, Belgium

In December 2019, there was an outbreak of a new respiratory virus in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China.

Upon investigation, a new virus of the coronaviruses was discovered, later named as COVID-19.

Coronaviruses are positive RNA viruses that can be found in humans and animals. Usually, these viruses give mild symptoms, however, in the past, some of these coronaviruses have led to a pandemic.

A few decades ago, there was a huge outbreak of coronaviruses known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS), causing more than 10,000 deaths around the world.

Right now, COVID-19 is the recent discovered coronavirus causing widespread havoc.

Etiology After the outbreaks with SARS and MERS, further investigation had been done to find the cause of these coronaviruses. Current studies show that just like SARS and MERS, COVID-19 is initially to be found in bats and wild animals. This virus might be transmitted to humans on markets where they purchase these animals.

Epidemiology In a recent report of World Health Organization (WHO) there are more than 90,000 confirmed cases (and counting) of COVID-19. Around 80,000 of such cases are in China and still increasing in number.

Countries outside of China have confirmed approximately 15,000 cases of COVID-19. The most affected countries in Asia, besides China, are SouthKorea and Japan, while in the Eastern Mediterranean Region it is mostly Iran.

In the past weeks, the COVID-19 virus also reached Europe, with Italy,

What is COVID-19?

France and Germany as the most affected countries currently.

Recently, there are also confirmed cases in America and in Africa.

Travelling might be one of the greatest causes of this fast spreading of COVID-19 to the rest of the world.

As COVID-19 is spreading very quickly around the globe, it is thought that there must be a humanto-human transmission. This can happen through respiratory droplets in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. When these droplets get in direct contact with the eyes, nose or mouth or are inhaled, they can enter the body and cause the COVID-19 infection.

COVID-19 can also be found on surfaces or objects, however this is not considered as main transmission route due to a limited life expectancy of the virus outside the human body. There are also other potential routes of transmission, such as urine, stool, food and pregnancy, however the exact mechanism of is unknown.

Clinical presentation – Symptoms Before clinical symptoms are visible, there is an incubation period. The incubation period is the time between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms. Normally, the first symptoms occur between 3-5 days, however the start of the symptoms can delay to 25 days.

The risk of getting seriously ill rises with the age and people over 40-50 seem especially more vulnerable. Also, people with pre-existing diseases (weakened immune systems, diabetes mellitus, heart and lung diseases) have more chance of complications. Children can get infected with COVID-19, however the exact pathology is yet unknown. It is also important to mention that the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are nonspecific, meaning these symptoms show resemblance with common diseases like a cold and seasonal flu.

Recent studies show that the most common symptoms in COVID-19 patients are fever, cough, fatigue or muscle pains, breathing difficulties (dyspnea or shortness of breath). Rarely, symptoms of the upper respiratory tract were reported, such as runny nose and throat pain.

Less frequent symptoms are also mucus production, headaches and coughing up blood.

There are no or less gastrointestinal

symptoms reported such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. These latter symptoms were more presented in SARS and in MERS patients. Some studies also showed that few infected patients with COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic.

Once infected with COVID-19, it can rapidly spread in the body and can create a high inflammation in the lungs thus lead to pneumonia (lung infection) and thereafter respiratory failure (acute respiratory distress syndrome). In the blood, it can lead to depletion of the red and white blood cells (anemia and leucopenia) and cause organ dysfunction (heart and kidney injuries) leading to death.

Diagnosis As mentioned before, the symptoms of COVID-19 are unspecific, which means the diagnosis of COVID-19 also depends on the epidemiological factors, such as exposure to the affected COVID-19 areas or to COVID-19 positive patients. This means that only patients who present themselves with symptoms that have been mentioned above and had exposure once, or more, during the 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms to an affected area of COVID-19, close contact with COVID-19 affected patients or close contact with people from the affected area should be further examined.

When a doctor thinks the clinical case is susceptible for COVID-19 infection, further testing will be required in specialised labs, after discussing with the local health department.

The first test is the swab test, where a special swab will be used to take a sample of the nose or throat. If the result for this test is positive for COVID-19, further testing is required preferably in hospital and in quarantine. This can be a full blood test and chest CT-scans, depending of the severity and the clinical presentation of the patient.

Treatment As COVID-19 is a new disease that was just discovered three months ago, there is no cure and no vaccine at the moment, however there are currently trials and research going on. Antibiotics are not effective against a virus. The care of COVID-19 patients exists in providing appropriate and supportive help to relieve and treat their symptoms.

In order to control COVID-19, focus should remain on prevention and quarantine to block human-to-human transmission. Thus, it is important to focus on further prevention of COVID-19 spread by keeping proper hygiene and listening to advice from your government.

Patients who meet the upper criteria mentioned above are advised not go to the waiting room of their GP or go to emergency in the hospital, but instead, if possible, contact their GP through telephone to avoid further transmission of this virus. Also, people who do not match the criteria and have a common cold or flu are advised to stay at home.

To maintain good hygiene in order to protect oneself against COVID-19 includes washing hands frequently (+/-1 minute) and disinfecting your hands with alcohol gel sanitisers (+/- 30 secs). This should happen after visiting the toilet, after sneezing, coughing and after blowing the nose and before and after eating.

When sneezing or coughing, it is recommended to use a disposable tissue and throw it in the bin immediately. If a tissue is not available, it is advised to use the bend of one’s elbow, covering the nose and mouth.

Also, one should avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory infection and maintain a distance of more than one metre.

The question arises as to whether medical facial masks are needed. The WHO recommend using facial masks if respiratory symptoms are present or coming into contact with suspected COVID-19 patients.

Surfaces in public places can also carry COVID-19, however there are some chemical disinfectants such as chlorine-, bleach- and alcohol-based substances that kill the COVID-19 virus on the surfaces.

These chemicals have less impact on the virus on more the skin and it is even considered to be dangerous.

Phones, tablets and computers also carry many viruses and it is important to avoid touching the eyes, nose and mouth if hands are not disinfected.

It is also advisable to wash hands after coming into contact with pets and after preparing raw meat.

Besides good hygiene, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which includes a proper diet, using a variety of vegetables and fruits as they contain many vitamins and minerals which can support the immune system (such as vitamin C and D).

Furthermore, regular exercise and a good night’s rest can keep your body fit.

It is normal to feel sad, stressed, anxious and confused during a crisis, so it is important to limit worry. Preventing a disease is better than cure. If one does get ill, one must remember “And when I am ill, it is He Who restores me to health.”

(Surah al-Shu‘ara, Ch.26: V.81)

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

Leicester Peace Conference 2020: Islam and the West – A Clash of Civilisations?

Hammad Amjad, Secretary Tabligh & Syed Munawar Adil Ahmed, Secretary External Affairs

On 8 February 2020, Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya Leicester held their annual peace conference at Baitul Ikram Mosque. Over 60 guests attended including the Lord Mayor of Leicester, Annette Byrne, Deputy Chief Constable of Leicestershire Police, Rob Nixon and the Chief Fire and Rescue Officer of Leicestershire and Rutland Rick Taylor.

Other dignitaries in attendance were representatives of faith and civic groups, local universities, neighbourhood policing teams and members of the general public who had registered their interest prior to the event.

The theme for this year’s conference was “Islam and the West – A Clash of Civilisations?” The theme originated from the address delivered by Hazrat Khalifatul Masih V, may Allah be his Helper, in Germany during his European tour of 2019.

For this year’s conference, a special request was submitted to beloved Huzooraa by the organising committee (the local amila) for the appointment of a keynote speaker. Huzooraa graciously accepted the request and appointed Dr Zahid Khan Sahib, in charge of Qaza Board UK, as the keynote speaker.

The Jamaat’s literature and a Holy Quran exhibition was on display for the guests to learn more about Islam. A hijab stand was also made available by the Lajna tabligh team for female guests who wanted to see how it felt wearing a hijab. Tours of the mosque were also organised prior to the start of the formal proceedings.

The host for the night was Saleem Ahmed Sahib, member of the Qaza board and a former president of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Association in Leicester.

Proceedings started with a welcome address by local Jamaat President, Ibrahim

Bonsu Sahib, who also gave a brief history of the local Ahmadiyya community and their charitable works in the community.

This was followed by a short video presentation on the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the role of Khilafat and the peaceful mission of Hazrat Khalifatul Masih Vaa. The deputy Chief Constable, Rob Nixon briefly addressed the conference highlighting the historical links between Great Britain and the Islamic world and the great commonalities.

Reverend Tom Wilson, the director of St Phillips centre, an institution which fosters peaceful coexistence of religious groups, also threw light on the need for religious harmony in society. This was also echoed by the Lord Mayor of Leicester, Councillor Annette Byrne in her speech.

The keynote speaker, Dr Zahid Khan Sahib shed light on the moral and cultural similarities between Islam and the West, challenging the stereotypes of differences and an inability to integrate that is often portrayed by the media with references to topics such as Jihad and purdah in Islam.

The keynote speech was well received by the audience with many giving positive feedback.

The event ended with a silent prayer led by the missionary of Baitul Ikram mosque, Zartasht Latif Sahib.

A typical south Asian dinner which catered for vegan, vegetarian and other diets was served. As guests left, they received gift bags which contained a range of information about Islam and its revival Ahmadiyyat.

Many guests gave interviews at the event. One guest noted how “communities should hold such events so that there is no suspicion and that they work together to develop their communities and understand each other’s religion”.

Alhamdolillah, the event was a massive success.

Continued from page 1 you are not blessed with this light. And so, it is conceivable that you should walk crooked, but a believer will always walk straight. I ask you, can a person who treads in darkness contend with a man who marches forward with the light of a lamp? Of course not. Allah the Exalted has stated himself: ْ ْ ٰ ْ َْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ‫می َو ال َب ِﺼی ُر‬ ‫ہل یست ِو ِی الاع‬ Meaning, can a blind man and one who sees be alike? Indeed not. Now when we observe this fact, how wrong is it to not derive benefit from this example?

In short, one ought to fear the insight of a believer. It does not behove the wise to rise up in opposition to a believer. One may recognise a believer through the traces and signs that we have just expounded earlier. It was the awe of this very divine insight, conferred by Allah, which inspired the noble companions, may Allah be pleased with them. This awe accompanies the Prophets, peace be upon them, as a sign from God. When the Holy Prophetsa made a statement, the companions would ask if it was based on revelation from God, so that if it was, they would not dare suggest an alternate view. They would be inspired by awe.

There is a grandeur and awe in the speech of a person that accords with their individual stature. One can observe that even when people stand before worldly judges, there is a difficulty and awe that they experience, because they know that the one before whom they stand possesses authority. In the same way, those who come to realise that a believer

is supported by God, do not oppose such a person. If they do not understand something they have said or done, they sit in seclusion, reflect and analyse the matter deeply.

It is incumbent for all others to follow those who are cognisant and enlightened. This is the purport and meaning of the Hadith ‫اتقوا‬ ‫( فراسة المؤمن‬Fear the insight of a believer). In other words, when a believer says something, one ought to be fearful of God, because whatever they say is from God Almighty Himself. To further elaborate, the love of God, which possesses a believer, results in their being enveloped by divine light. Although this light covers the believer and consumes their human character to an extent, just as iron is transformed when thrown into a fire, yet their servitude to God and humanness do not cease to exist. This is the secret that is hidden at the depth of the following verse: ُ ُ ْ َ َ َ َّ ُ ‫ق ْل إِن َما أنا بَش ٌر ِّمثلك ْم‬ “Say, ‘I am only a man like yourselves.’”

Their human nature exists but it is dyed with a divine hue. Absorbed by the will of God Almighty, all the faculties and limbs of such a person become an illustration of the desires of Allah Almighty and become devoted to His cause. It is this very distinction which makes such an individual a guardian over the spiritual development of tens of millions and a manifestation of perfect divine providence. If this were not the case, one Prophet could never be a guide and leader for such a multitude of people.

(Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmadas, Malfuzat, Vol. 1, pp. 115-117)

Coronavirus: Muslim Women in Japan make hand-made masks to counter the shortage Anees Ahmad Nadeem, Missionary, Japan

The Coronavirus that originated from Wuhan, China has officially become a global epidemic. So far, around 90,000 patients have contracted the virus and the death toll continues to rise.

Infected countries and areas are in dire need of medical help to stay safe from the virus. Japan, where our Jamaat is, has been facing shortages of protective masks for the past few weeks and sales of protective masks have actually stopped in most places due as they are simply not available.

To help, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Women Association in Japan are preparing handmade masks for the people living in areas infected with the Coronavirus. These masks are being sent to China by Jamaat-eAhmadiyya, Japan.

Further, our Jamaat in Japan has announced through its website and Facebook page that the elderly, who are the most vulnerable to this disease, can contact our mosque Bait al-Ahad, Japan and get a free mask.

On 23 February 2020, we held a special prayer congregation for protection against the Coronavirus in Japan at our mosque.

The handmade protective masks were also exhibited by the Ahmadiyya Women’s Association, Lajna Ima’illah Japan.

On seeing this exhibition, some Japanese women also participated in this noble cause by preparing masks and delivering them to our mosque. Currently, around 500 handmade masks have been sent to affected areas of China.

By the grace of Allah, three television channels have reported and broadcast our humble effort across Japan.

We request Jamaat members for prayers that may Allah the Almighty bestow His grace and mercy on those who suffer from this deadly epidemic. And may He give doctors and scientists the vision and intellect they need to find out the remedy and treatment. Amin

Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

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Continued from page 2

9 March 1945: Hazrat Maulvi Badruddinra passed away. This companion of the Promised Messiahas performed Bai‘at in 1905 and served the Jamaat as missionary-in-charge for the area of Agra, India for many years.

9 March 1946: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra set out for a tour of Sindh which concluded on 3 April.

9 March 1947: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was in Nasir Abad, Sindh, where Huzoorra inspected the Jamaat’s agricultural properties.

9 March 1950: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra prepared a detailed rebuttal in response to baseless allegations leveled against the Jamaat. This feature was published in an announcement. In it, Huzoorra reiterated that the stability and prosperity of Pakistan was coupled with the establishment of Islam.

10 March 1912: Hazrat Khalifatul Masih I, Hakim Maulvi Nuruddinra made special supplications for the participants of his Dars-ulQuran sermons and shared that God Almighty would shower His love and pleasure on them.

10 March 1917: Hazrat Mufti Muhammad Sadiqra left Qadian for England as a missionary.

10 March 1936: To establish the Jamaat’s mission in Spain, Malik Muhammad Sharif Sahib Gujarati arrived in Madrid. Two gentlemen, Ghulam Ahmad and Mirza Agha Aziz Ahmad, listened to his message and accepted Islam Ahmadiyyat.

10 March 1944: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra introduced a novel scheme to serve the cause of Islam; named Waqf-e-Jaidad (sacrificing property). Upon the call of their beloved Khalifa, within hours, Jamaat members pledged their properties worth 4 million rupees. In fact, in just over a month, the number of people pledging to devote their properties for the sake of Islam reached 2,271. Moreover, Huzoorra encouraged the family members of the Promised Messiahas to devote their lives for the cause of Islam. Upon this call, Hazrat Mirza Nasir Ahmadrh was the first person to submit to this noble cause.

10 March 1946: Qadian arranged a session to protest the establishment of the Unionist Party’s government in Punjab, instead of the Muslim League. This procession successfully passed a resolution denouncing this recent development.

10 March 1947: The Peace Committee of Qadian issued and circulated a joint statement for the benefit of the general public comprising of all faiths, with effect to remain peaceful and not to pay attention to the mischievous and

provocative news prevailing under the political and communal atmosphere of the partition.

10 March 1951: Hazrat Munshi Hasan Dinra Ruhtasi passed away. This companion of the Promised Messiahas performed Bai‘at in 1896 and was an established poet of his time.

10 March 1954: A teenager was brainwashed to assassinate Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra. On Wednesday, 10 March 1954, the boy was able to stand in the first row behind Huzoorra during Asr prayer. Immediately after the prayer had ended, the man lunged forward and attacked Huzoorra by stabbing him twice with a dagger in the neck. Huzoorra sustained severe injuries but survived. Huzoorra was rushed to his residence at once and from there, Huzoor’sra first order was that his attacker should not be harmed.

This attack was reported by Radio Pakistan, the BBC and many other media outlets. Ahmadis living in Pakistan and around the globe at once became occupied in supplications for the safety and prompt recovery of their beloved leader.

Political and religious leaders condemned this attack in strong words.

10 March 1956: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra invited young members of the Jamaat living in India to devote their lives and fill the vacuum in the offices of Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya Qadian.

After the partition, Qadian underwent a sudden shortage of manpower in its everyday business.

10 March 1958: A delegation of Jamaat members met with the governor of Madras (now known as Chennai) India.

11 March 1910: Hazrat Khalifatul Masih Ira called for Jamaat members to volunteer and assist in the work for the extension of Masjid Aqsa, Qadian. Huzoorra himself took part in the labour work by shifting mud to another place.

11 March 1947: Hazrat Babu Abdur Rahmanra passed away. This companion of the Promised Messiahas was amir of Ambala Jamaat.

11 March 1948: During Hazrat Musleh-eMaud’sra journey of Sindh, on this date, Huzoorra arrived at Nasir Abad.

11 March 1955: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra informed Jamaat members through a special message that he would travel to Europe for further treatment to seek expert opinion regarding his deteriorating health that surfaced after the assassination attempt.

Huzoorra also initiated a special fund titled Amanat Khas to keep money in circulation through individual deposits.

11 March 1957: The governor of Tamil Nadu was presented with Jamaat literature by a delegation that met him in Madras.

11 March 1959: The foundation stone of an Ahmadiyya Mosque was laid in Yogyakarta (often called “Jogja”) a city on the Indonesian island of Java, known for its traditional arts and cultural heritage. After the completion of construction work, the opening ceremony of

this mosque was held on 24 July.

12 March 1916: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra addressed the missionaries after Zuhr prayer in Qadian. These most valuable instructions were later published under Nasaih-e-Mubaligheen.

12 March 1943: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra addressed the annual gathering of provincial workers of the Jamaat, held in Nasir Abad, Sindh. It was attended by 80 representatives of different local chapters.

12 March 1943: Hazrat Chaudhry Sir Zafarulla Khanra laid the foundation stone of a mosque in Lagos, Nigeria. Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra named it Bait-ul-Fazl Mosque.

12 March 1944: A Musleh-e-Maud Day Jalsa was arranged in Lahore, where Hazrat Muslehe-Maudra delivered a powerful speech. Huzoorra also visited the room where he was informed by God that he was the Musleh-e-Maud.

12 March 1948: Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra arrived in Karachi from Nasir Abad, Pakistan. While delivering his Friday sermon, Huzoorra drew the Karachi Jamaat’s attentions to look for a suitable place to build a mosque, guest house and library, without any further delays.

12 March 1953: The Additional Magistrate of Jhang district served a notice to Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra, with effect that Huzoorra was denied the right to comment any further on the ongoing sponsored and systematic persecution and nationwide agitations against members of the Jamaat.

12 March 1958: Hazrat Baba Sultan Ahmadra passed away. This companion of the Promised Messiahas had the honour of serving in Qadian as a darvesh.

12 March 1963: Hazrat Hakim Maulvi Allah Bakhsh Khanra passed away. This companion of the Promised Messiahra performed Bai‘at in 1905. He was the revered father of the prominent Urdu poet and seasoned journalist Saqib Zeervi.

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

Muslims united at the heart of the Scottish Parliament to condemn extremism and promote peace

Arshad Mahmood Scotland Correspondent

“O ye who believe! Be steadfast in the cause of Allah, bearing witness in equity; and let not a people’s enmity incite you to act otherwise than with justice. Be [always] just, that is nearer to righteousness. And fear Allah. Surely, Allah is aware of what you do.” (Surah alMaidah Ch.5: V.9) This golden doctrine of the Holy Quran was recited in the Scottish Parliament to mark the opening of our event against extremism, which was attended by a large number of MSPs, representatives of political parties, diplomats, students, teachers and representatives of interfaith groups.

The event, for the first time in history, was held on 20 February 2020, at the Scottish Parliament Edinburgh’s Burn’s Room with a total of 90 Scottish guests from different walks of life participating.

It was hosted by Linda Fabiani MSP, the Deputy Presiding Officer at the Scottish Parliament on the topic “Responding to the Challenge of Extremism”. This programme was organised by Jamaat-eAhmadiyya Scotland.

A number of guests left their impression and views about both the Jamaat and the event, for the benefit of Al Hakam readers, we share these sentiments: Linda Fabiani, Member of the Scottish Parliament said: “I am deeply impressed by the peaceful teaching of the Ahmadiyya Community and I have deep links with Ahmadis from all over Scotland. I have been involved in various Ahmadiyya community programs for a long time and always come back to hope for a new world peace.”

Sandra White, Member of the Scottish Parliament expressed: “Right in front of my office is the Glasgow Ahmadiyya Mission House and Mosque and I have the honour of being involved in most of your programmes.

I am well aware that you are doing

a tremendous amount of service to humanity such as donating thousands of pounds to charities, food for the homeless, fundraising for hospitals and so on. I was satisfied with the fact that these are the teachings of Islam on which the Ahmadiyya community is based, and today’s most important program, which is against extremism, is an urgent need of the hour.”

Ian Stewart, chairman of interfaith Edinburgh said: “The problem of terrorism has become a global epidemic, and unfortunately, Nazi-minded groups are taking over the world in some way. The programme by the Ahmadiyya Community Scotland is a bold step and a very effective response to the accusations of Islam.”

In his keynote speech, Fareed Ahmad, the National Secretary External Affairs of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community UK quoted Hazrat Khalifatul Masih V, may Allah be his Helper, who said; “We must unite in our efforts to end all forms of extremism and prejudice, whether religious, racial or of any other kind.” “...Instead of seeking to dominate

others and assert their own rights, I pray that nations and their leaders come to see the benefit of fulfilling the rights of one another. Instead of laying the blame for the world’s problems on certain religions or people of particular ethnicities, I pray that we show tolerance of each other’s beliefs and customs and value the diversity within our societies. I pray that we come to see the best in humanity and use each other’s strengths and skills to build a better world for our children and to cultivate lasting peace in society.”

Below are some of the other prominent guests who attended the event: Linda Fabiani MSP Aileen Campbell MSP, Cabinet Secretary for Communities Dr Claire Baker MSP Clare Adamson MSP Shona Robison MSP Joe FitzPatrick MSP Pauline McNeill MSP, Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Housing and Equalities Alison Johnstone MSP John Mason MSP Sandra White MSP Diedra Brock Jack O’Neil, representing Stewart Hosie MP Dundee East and Iain Stewart, Chairman Interfaith Edinburgh

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Musleh-e-Maud Day across Canada Syed Mukarram Nazeer Canada Correspondent

Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya Canada commemorated Musleh-e-Maud Day by organising Jalsas across Canada.

In the prophecy of Musleh-e-Maud, Allah the Almighty promised to the Promised Messiah, peace be upon him, that he will give him a son, who would possess extraordinary qualities, would have a long life and would be The Musleh-e-Maud (The Promised Reformer). This prophecy was published on 20 February 1886 and was actually to prove the truthfulness of Islam over all other religions and faiths.

The prophecy was fulfilled in the person of his son, Hazrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmadra and he served Islam for 52 years as the second successor of the Promised Messiahas. As Khalifatul Masih, he made all out efforts to glorify Islam by organising detailed Jamaat structures, internationally propagating the message of Islam Ahmadiyyat, writing of commentaries of Holy Quran, writing scores of books, and Muslims in general, not only the Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya.

The national coordinator of the Tarbiyyat Department Canada, Abdul Hafeez Sahib reported that on 20 February 2020, Jamaat members across Canada assembled in their Mosques and namaz centres and thanked Allah for the fulfillment of this prophecy.

Many among the gathered had met Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra in person, seen him, and listened to his live addresses.

These Jalsas were held in all the 11 regions and 30 Jamaats with a total attendance of close to 8,500 men and women. Major Jalsas were held in the regions of Peace Village, Vaughan, Brampton, and Calgary with an average attendance of around 1,000.

Montreal region was established in 2019.

They held their first Musleh-e-Maud Day Jalsa on 22 February 2020. The Jalsa was held concurrently in English, French and Urdu languages. The programme started after Maghrib and Isha prayers with recitation of the Holy Quran, followed by French, English and Urdu translations. A poem from Durr-e-Sameen was recited followed

by French and English translations. The prophecy wordings were also read out in Urdu, again followed by French and English translations.

The first session was in French and Dabeer Mahmood Sahib was the first speaker who spoke on the topic of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud’sra “ Khilafat and great achievements”. Faraz Ahmad Rajput Sahib shared his thoughts on the topic of “A great administrator”. Imourane Chados Sahib then elaborated in his French presentation upon Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud’sra “Love for the Jamaat”. Nabil Mirza Sahib, missionary of Montreal, delivered a speech on the topic of “Counter arguments to atheism in light of the writings of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra”.

Next was the English and Urdu language session. Ishaque Fonseca Sahib, missionary in Montreal, delivered a speech in English

on the topic of “Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IIra in the eyes of non-Ahmadis”. A video clip of Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IVrh telling incidents in Urdu was also shown, complete with subtitles. In this clip, Huzoorrh shared his personal firsthand experience with Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra.

In his concluding speech, Amir Jamaate-Ahmadiyya Montreal, Fazal Ullah Khan Taimur Sahib, spoke about the progress of the Jamaat. The session ended with silent prayer. Dinner was served to all participants.

The total attendance was 319, including two non-Ahmadi guests along with their three children. Atfal and Nasirat outshined in numbers among all auxiliary organisations attending the Jalsa.

Benin celebrates Musleh-e-Maud Day Mirza Farhan Ahmad Baig Benin Correspondent

In the month of February, Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya Benin organised various programmes in relation to the Musleh-e-Maud Day. In these programmes, central missionaries, local missionaries, mu’alimin and other people from local Jamaats participated and put in their best efforts to make these programs successful.

According to the reports, 165 Musleh-e-Maud Day events took place across 14 regions of Benin in which a total of 5,973 Ahmadis Muslims and 458 non-Ahmadis participated.

During these programmes, the importance of the prophecy of Musleh-e-Maud, different aspects of the life of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra and different topics containing the efforts of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra for the cause of Islam Ahmadiyyat were briefly put into light.

May Allah enable us and all members of the Jamaat to follow the footsteps of Hazrat Musleh-eMaudra and to deeply understand the importance and need of the prophecy and to fulfil the pledge which we all made at the hand of Hazrat Khalifatul Masihaa.

Amin

“His fame will spread to the ends of the earth and people will be blessed through him” – Musleh-e-Maud Day in Kosovo

Besmir Yvejsi Secretary Ishaat, Jamaat Kosovo

For the first time in Kosovo, Musleh-e-Maud Day was commemorated in three centres: Prishtina, Peja and Mitrovica. Our Muslehe-Maud Day events were a reflection of the prophecy itself, that “His fame will spread to the ends of the earth and people will be blessed through him” (Announcement, 20 February 1886).

On 15 February 2020, at the Jamaat branch in Peja, the day was commemorated with a lecture elaborating the prophecy that God Almighty gave to the Promised Messiah, peace be upon him, for the Promised Reformer (Musleh-e-Maud). This lecture was also attended by non-Ahmadis.

The next day, on 16 February 2020, a family programme was organised in the capital of Kosovo, Pristina, where the Jamaat mission house is situated. The event was also

attended by Lajna and Atfal. The theme was “Musleh-e-Maudra: The fulfillment of a great prophecy”. During the course of the event, details were given about the purpose of the prophecy in the words of the Promised Messiahas himself, who said: “This is not only a prophecy but also a grand heavenly sign which has been manifested by God to demonstrate the truth and greatness of our Noble Prophet, the compassionate and merciful, Muhammad, the Chosen One (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). This sign is in fact hundreds of times superior and more potent and majestic and glorious than the sign of bringing a dead person back to life” (Majmu‘ah Ishtiharat, vol. I, pp. 98-99; Essence of Islam, vol. V, pp. 48).

On 22 February 2020, another family gathering was organised at the Jamaat’s branch in Mitrovica. After Maghrib prayers, the local Mu‘alim, Shkelqim Bytyqi Sahib, gave a lecture on the prophecy that the Promised Messiahas received about Muslehe-Maud and commented on the fulfillment of this prophecy.

The total number of people who participated across the three cities was around 70.

A proof of the Musleh-e-Maud prophecy in Istanbul Sadiq Ahmad Butt Missionary and President Jamaat-eAhmadiyya, Turkey

On 23 February 2020, Musleh-e-Maud Day took place in Istanbul, the famous metropole of Turkey. It was attended by over 30 Ahmadis.

In respect to the number of participants,

it might be perceived as a relatively small gathering. Certainly, there are a lot of places in the world where meetings of this kind are held in remembrance of the great prophecy about the Musleh-e-Maud and are attended by far more people.

However, the reason why I felt myself urged to write these lines, is the fact that in a place like Istanbul, this Jalsa was attended by Ahmadis belonging to 7 different nations;

Turkey, Pakistan, Syria, Jordan, Algeria, Kirgizstan and Afghanistan.

Though the prophecy of Musleh-e-Maud has been fulfilled with all its magnitude, this gathering was also in, in its own respect, a proof of the fulfilment of Allah’s promise to the Promised Messiahas about his promised son that, “His fame will spread to the ends of the earth and people will be blessed through him.”

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

Musleh-e-Maud Day Jalsas across France Mansoor Ahmed Mubashir France Correspondent

As is done every year, many local Jamaats in France organised Musleh-e-Maud Day Jalsas to commemorate the life and achievements of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad, may Allah be pleased with him, which was the fulfilment of a great prophecy for the truthfulness of Islam.

Across France, a large Jalsa of all the regions of Ile de France was held at the national headquarters in Mubarak Mosque, Saint Prix. Other cities in which the Jalsas were held were Beuvrage, Strasbourg, Chelles, Lyon, Caen, Besançon.

More than 400 Ahmadis participated in these Jalsas across the country. The Jalsa would include the recitation of the Holy Quran and its translation in French and Urdu, the words of the Green Announcement both in French and Urdu, followed by speeches on the topic. The

speeches and presentations were presented by both missionaries and other members of the Jamaat in French and Urdu.

In the Jalsas of Ile de France and Strasbourg, the translations of the speeches were simultaneous. Jamaat Strasbourg organised its Jalsa in their newly built Mahdi Mosque; it was their first of many, insha-Allah. After the Jalsa, the local secretary tarbiyyat Strasbourg organised a very interesting quiz competition between two teams about the life of Hazrat Muslehe-Maud, may Allah be pleased with him.

Jamaat Lyon organised its Jalsa in the newly rented mission house while other Jamaats held their Jalsas in local Ahmadi houses. Jamaat Lyon also distributed 48 food packs for the homeless people during this month to fulfill one of the signs mentioned in the prophecy of the Green Announcement.

We kindly request the readers of Al Hakam to pray for the progress of Jamaat-eAhmadiyya France.

Remembering a champion of Islam in Niger: The great prophecy of Musleh-eMaud celebrated Muhammad Jamal Niger Correspondent

Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya Niger planned a series of events all over the country for highlighting the importance of the champion of Islam, Hazrat Musleh-eMaud, may Allah be pleased with him, and the prophecy of 20 February which is a highlighted date on the calendar of the Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya all around the world,

Musleh-eMaud day in Northern Macedonia Wasim Ahmad Saroya Macedonia Correspondent

On 23 February 2020, Jamaat-eAhmadiyya Northern Macedonia organised its Musleh-e-Maud Day at the Pehcevo Namaz centre after Zuhr and Asr prayers.

After the recitation of the Holy Quran and a poem, I had the opportunity to state the details of the prophecy about the Promised

as it marks the anniversary of a Divine Prophecy pertaining to the Promised Son of the Promised Messiahas.

Under the presidency of Amir Jamaate-Ahmadiyya Niger, Asad Majeeb Sahib, a meeting of missionaries took place and a brief programme of these gatherings were made; every region was given the task to hold these Jalsas to their maximum potential.

On 22 February 2020, the first jalsa was held in the city of Dosso, which was presided

by Amir Sahib. The Jalsa commenced with the recitation of the Holy Quran. Thereafter, Mukhtar Abdu Hassan Sahib presented his speech on the subject of “The importance of Musleh-e-Maud Day”.

At the end, Amir Sahib spoke about the contribution of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra for Islam.

After that, across the country, the series of Jalsas began and were held at 115 different places across the country.

The total attendance was 6801 across the country, including 182 non-Ahmadi guests.

Alhamdulillah Reformer that the Promised Messiah, peace be upon him, said he received from God as a sign for the truthfulness of Islam.

The Promised Messiahas, after 40 nights of solitude and prayers, was told by Allah the Almighty that he would receive a son who would change the course of history; the “Musleh-e-Maud” (Promised Reformer).

During the Jalsa, some of the highlights of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud’sra great works and services for Islam and the Muslim ummah were detailed.

The Jalsa concluded with silent prayer after which a meal was also served to the guests.

63 guests attended this event, which included 20 guests who were from the other cities.

Musleh-e-Maud Day in Nairobi, Kenya Tahir Ahmad Machengo Kenya Correspondent

“What a beautiful programme it was, I enjoyed every moment and I have learnt a lot”, remarked one guest who attended Musleh-e-Maud Day in Nairobi, Kenya on 22 February 2020.

The event had started recitation of the Holy Quran and an Urdu poem. The chair, Ismail Bakari Sahib, then welcomed all members and invited the first speaker for the day. Basharat Malik Sahib explained the background of Musleh-e-Maud Day, recalling the Friday Sermon of Hazrat Amirul Momineenaa on the importance of this celebration. He said that Musleh-

e-Maud Day is not held to celebrate the birthday of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra, rather it is held to recall the revelation from Allah to the Promised Messiahas regarding a son whom he will be blessed with, and will grow up to become the champion of Islam. He narrated that prior to this, the Promised Messiahas had been confronted by several enemies of Islam who were demanding for a sign to show the truthfulness of Islam as a living religion. In response, the Promised Messiahas sought solitude in the town of Hoshiarpur, India spending 40 days in seclusion to speak to his Lord to guide him and give him a sign for the triumph of Islam. Allah gave him the glad tidings about

the birth of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra who would be born within a period of nine years, starting from February 1886.

“It was only until after 58 years, in 1944, that Hazrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmadra, the second successor of the Promised Messiahas, himself claimed to be that Promised Reformer even though Jamaat members were urging him to declare openly that he was Musleh-e-Maud prior” said Nasir Hadji Sahib in his speech. He continued to elaborate that Hazrat Muslehe-Maudra himself didn’t have any hurry to declare himself as the Promised Son and Reformer and waited for Allah to tell him Himself, only then he declared he was the

recipient of the prophecy.

Amir and Missionary-in-Charge Kenya, Tariq Mahmood Zafar Sahib then urged all members to read the Jamaat’s literature to expand their knowledge about the Jamaat and its history. He prayed that may Allah enable us to emulate Hazrat Musleh-eMaudra.

Indeed, it was a blessed function in a beautiful serene evening. May Allah bless our beloved Huzooraa. Long live Khilafat-eAhmadiyya!

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MKA UK Waqf-e-Nau Retreat 2020

Musharaf Ahmed, Muawin Sadr, Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya UK

After two successful trips to Spain and the Holy Land, the Waqf-e-Nau Department in Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya UK decided that it was necessary to inspire and make Waqifeen-e-Nau realise the importance of dedicating themselves for the service of Islam Ahmadiyyat. As a result, we were able to organise the Waqf-e-Nau Retreat 2020 in Islamabad.

In this national event, Waqifeen-e-Nau received guidance and counselling in the careers mentioned by Hazrat Khalifatul

Masih V, may Allah be his Helper. Moreover, interactive sessions about the importance of being a Waqf-e-Nau were held. Waqf-e-Nau life devotees shared their personal insight and explained the procedure on how to devote their lives. There was also a question and answer with the panellists.

The main event and highlight was a sitting with Hazrat Amirul Momineenaa on 23 February 2020, in which nearly 800 Waqifeen-e-Nau Khuddam were able to partake. Alhamdolillah.

The retreat began on the morning of 22 February 2020 with the opening Session at 9:30am, which was chaired by Luqman

Ahmed Kishwar Sahib, Head of Central Waqf-e-Nau Department. In his address, he highlighted the different opportunities that are available in the Jamaat for Waqf-e-Nau. After the opening session, a documentary on the Waqf-e-Nau scheme was shown and an Open Forum was held with a panel of guests where discussions took place about the roles and responsibilities of a Waqfe-Nau in light of Huzoor’saa guidance.

Following this, a live Skype video session was held with Ahmad Fowad Bhatti Sahib from Nigeria where he shared his experiences of being asked to serve as a Waqf-e-Nau in Africa.

The Waqifeen-e-Nau were then divided into four groups based on their age. Ages 15-18 had a discussion with two missionaries about studying in Jamia, while those Waqifeen-e-Nau studying medicine had a sitting with the Ahmadiyya Muslim Medical Association.

A one-to-one career guidance and counselling session also took place for 1923 year olds, several career desks were setup where Waqifeen-e-Nau could ask questions to professionals in a variety of fields. Lastly, those Waqifeen-e-Nau already in careers had a discussion with a panel of Waqifeene-Nau about how to serve the Jamaat in their field.

After Zuhr prayers and lunch, a “TED

Talk” style session was held called “In the eyes of Waqifeen-e-Nau”. A discussion was held with four Waqifeen-e-Nau about how they are serving the Jamaat in their respective areas of expertise. Shortly after, a session was held with Sadr Majlis Khuddam-ulAhmadiyya UK, which lasted until Maghrib prayer, followed by a session with Abid Khan Sahib on his personal interaction with Huzooraa. Thereafter, Waqifeen-e-Nau were served dinner followed by Isha prayer. This concluded the day’s activities.

Waqifeen-e-Nau were blessed to be able to offer prayers behind Huzooraa throughout the day.

By the grace of Allah the Almighty, the total attendance was 467. Khuddam from all across the country travelled to take part in this historical programme. Alhamdolillah

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Camphor and respiratory epidemics: The promise of a divine remedy Dr Tauseef Ahmad Khan Toronto, Canada

The world is facing a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease outbreak with more than 90,000 reported cases and in excess of 3,000 deaths in 76 countries (at the time of writing this article).

The symptoms include fever, cough, acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death (1 to 2 percent in the infected). To minimise transmission, it is recommended to use handwash regularly, covering of mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing and avoid contact with those who show symptoms. There is currently no cure for this in modern medical science and a vaccine may take time to prepare.

Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya is a divinely guided movement started by Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, the Promised Messiah and Mahdias. The Promised Messiahas emphasised that the lost glory of Islam will be regained by turning again towards the Holy Quran for guidance in every matter. He reminded us: “It is my faith that the Holy Quran is perfect in its teaching and that there is no verity that has been left out of it, as Allah, the Glorious, has said: َ ُّ ً ْ َ َ ََْ​َ ‫َو ن ّزلنا َعل ْيك ال ِك ٰت َب ت ِْب َيانا ل ِك ِ ّل ش ْي ٍء‬ ‘We have sent down to thee the Book which is an exposition of everything’ [Surah alNahl, Ch.16: V.90]; and again: َ ْ َ َْ​َ ‫َما ف ّرطنا فِي ال ِك ٰت ِب ِم ْن ش ْي ٍء‬ ‘We have not left out anything from the Book.’ [Surah al-An‘am, Ch.6: V.39]” (Al-Haq Mubahatha Ludhiana, Ruhani Khazain, Vol. 4, pp. 80-81) Furthermore, about the guidance regarding medical principles the Promised Messiahas states: “When I looked at the Holy Quran, keeping in mind the books that dealt with physical medicine, I discovered that the Holy Quran sets out in an excellent manner the principles of physical medicine.”

(Chashma-e-Ma‘rifat, Ruhani Khazain, Vol. 23, pp. 102-103) Therefore, we as Ahmadi Muslims can turn to this book to see if it has guided us in the matter of controlling epidemic diseases.

The promise of camphor The Promised Messiahas has given a unique principle of the Holy Quran on names used by Allah: “It is a fact that the names given by Allah to things signify their properties” (Commentary on the Holy Quran, Vol. 1, Surah al-Fatihah, p. 42). We do not have to venture far to find a named remedy for suppressing poisonous and infectious matter in the Holy Quran.

The Holy Quran states in Surah AlDahr. ُ َ ُ َ َ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ ۡ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ ۡ َ ۡ َّ ۚ ‫اج َہا کافوۡ ًرا‬ ‫ِان الابرار یشربون ِمن کا ٍس کان ِمز‬ “But the virtuous drink of a cup, tempered with camphor.” (Ch.76: V.6) The Promised Messiahas, while stating the spiritual significance of this verse, also denoted the Arabic meaning of camphor: “The root of the Arabic word for camphor connotes suppression, or covering up, which means that their illicit emotions will be suppressed and they will become purehearted and will enjoy the coolness of understanding.” (The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, p. 80) Afterwards, the Promised Messiahas states: “What is conveyed in this verse, that is to say, that such people draw far away from the passions of self and incline so completely towards God that their hearts become cold to worldly pursuits and their passions are suppressed as camphor suppresses poisonous matter.” (The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, p. 114) In his discourses, the Promised Messiahas explained the value of camphor.

While discussing the great plague that ravaged India from 1898 onwards, the Promised Messiahas said: “Muslims apply camphor to the bodies of the dead in accordance with the custom of the Holy Prophetsa, because camphor is a material which kills epidemic bacteria and noxious elements. It cools the human body and prevents the spread of diseases that arise from filth. This is why the Quran states that believers will be given the cold drink of camphor. Modern research has also established that just as camphor is beneficial in cholera, it is beneficial in the case of plague as well. I would like to inform my community that this is an extremely beneficial substance. It is my belief that

since the Holy Quran has informed us that camphor cools, relaxes and soothes the sensation of burning, this encourages us to make use of camphor.” (Malfuzat [English], Vol. 1, p. 254) When Hazrat Zainabra, the eldest daughter of the Holy Prophetsa, passed away in the 8th year of Hijra, the Holy Prophetas himself gave instructions for the washing, preparation of the body and burial. One of the important instructions was the use of kafoor or camphor. (Sahih al-Bukhari) What is camphor?

Kafoor (Arabic) or camphor is a white waxy substance that comes from the wood of camphor laurel (cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in Asia. The smell of camphor is very distinct and those who hail from South Asia can instantly recognise the smell that reminds them of the mothballs used to keep bugs and germs away or of Vicks VapoRub used by their mothers when they had a cold.

Camphor has been valued historically for its extensive and diverse uses, e.g. the Chinese used camphor as an antiseptic, antipruritic, cold remedy, circulatory stimulant and analeptic, whilst the Japanese used it in torch-light material and added small quantities to fireworks to make them brighter. However, it was in preventing and controlling the spread of diseases that it had a widespread renown.

Camphor was used as a fumigant during the black death of the 14th century Europe to control the spread of the plague. It was extensively used in the outbreaks of cholera, smallpox and influenza during the 19th century with reportedly high success.

Camphor mothballs are commonly use in the Indian subcontinent to keep insects and germs away. Camphor is an antimicrobial, antiviral and antitussive (cough reliever).

It is a common ingredient of some topical analgesics where it has been used to treat muscle aches and pains as it activates both cold and heat receptors on the skin.

The role of camphor in epidemics: A historical account The founder of homeopathic school of medicine, Samuel Hahnemann of Germany was a great proponent for use of camphor and used it exclusively in mother tincture form. He called camphor a “divine

remedy” and said that its effects are both puzzling and wonderful as it removes the pathological effects of many other drugs, including many homeopathic remedies.

He stated that it is difficult to determine all of its effects and at some future period, the remainder of its effects will be uncovered.

He discovered that camphor can antidote opium with great success.

His influential feat was its use as a cure for the Russian influenza of the 18th century. Russian influenza was a flu pandemic that originated in China in 1831 and advanced out of Russia into Europe and had a devastating impact on the population. In 1831, Hahnemann published that camphor was the specific remedy for influenza and the patient had to continuously smell camphor solution and he would be promptly cured in 24 hours. While Hahnemann was ridiculed at that time for suggesting a cure through olfaction (smell), the published accounts of doctors from that time attest to the efficacy of such treatment. For later stages of influenza, Hahnemann recommended that camphor would make the disease much milder, but instead, nux vomica would cure it homeopathically with only one dose. Later, Gelsemium was proven [its homeopathic effects were discovered] and shown to be more efficacious in influenza.

In the same year, 1831, the Asiatic cholera epidemic appeared that had travelled from India to Western Asia, Europe, Great Britain and also reached the Americas. It caused more deaths, more quickly than any other epidemic disease in the 19th century. Samuel Hahnemann again published four pamphlets in which he presented camphor as the remedy for this disease given in extremely small doses.

While those who followed Hahnemann’s, advice had much lower mortality (<5-10 percent), those who refused this advice had a mortality in excess of 50 percent.

(It is possible that many of those afflicted died due to the inhumane practices of bloodletting and concoctions of poisonous remedies with no effect by the nonhomeopathic physicians; treatments that Hahnemann strictly forbade.)

Hahnemann wrote, “Camphor is the great cholera prophylactic” and that “camphor alone can cure the epidemic.

Camphor is better able than any other

Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

16 remedy to destroy just with its vapour the smallest animals of the lower order very quickly, and is therefore capable of rapidly destroying and eliminating the cholera disease which most likely consists of an imperceptible living organism fatal to humans, which attaches itself to skin or hair or clothing and is thus transmitted, unnoticed from one person to another.”

Though Hahnemann noted that camphor was very effective in the prevention and cure in the early stages of cholera, other homeopathic remedies (veratrum album, rhus tox, and cuprum metallicum) were more effective in the later stages of the disease.

It was a remarkable foresight by Hahnemann to believe in the transmission theory of cholera with microorganisms as bacteria had not been discovered yet. It was 50 years later that another German, the bacteriologist Robert Koch in 1884 proved the presence of the bacteria Vibrio cholerae in the intestinal tissue of cholera patients.

Hahnemann also published a treatise on hygiene as an important measure to prevent and control epidemics while also being one of the first people to present comprehensive instructions on the public health principles during contagious diseases, including recovery, removal and isolation of those infected, disinfection of their rooms and utensils and importance of good nutritious food. He also emphasised the importance of lifestyle (diet and exercise) for health, the humane treatment of all sick, including prisoners and patients with mental illness.

When the plague arrived in India in 1898, the Promised Messiahas recommended the use of camphor and he also used it to treat patients. In Malfuzat, the Promised Messiahas, when discussing the plague, stated: “A new discovery has established that it is beneficial to use camphor with jadwar [delphinium denudatum, a medicinal herb used in the Indian subcontinent]. You should procure a quantity of jadwar, mix it with vinegar and make capsules of 2 ratti [243 milligrams] each, and take these capsules with fresh lassi [a yoghurt drink].

It is very beneficial to administer these capsules to women and children daily. I am also preparing a medicine, which, if God desires, will prove immensely beneficial.”

[Malfuzat, Vol. 1, p. 255].

In another place, the Promised Messiahas guided us: “In the plague and other infectious disease like cholera, camphor is very valuable and has proven its benefit.

[Malfuzat, Vol. 3, p. 8] Hazrat Khalifatul Masih Ira once wrote to Hakim Dost Muhammad: “The Promised Messiahas gave patients of the plague, pellets made of jadwar and kafoor [camphor] in vinegar, with lassi or tincture camphor with spirit of chloroform.” (Risala Hakim Hazik, March 1928, p. 50) As liquid camphor and solid camphor globules were toxic if ingested in any substantial quantity (3-5ml of 20 percent camphor oil or more than 30mg/kg is a potentially lethal dose) and several deaths were also reported due to overdose, there was a need for a safer version of this divine remedy.

Camphor was reconstituted as a salve

or ointment, known as a natural menthol rub, for common cold by the newly established Metholatum company of the USA (est. 1889). This used small amounts of camphor (less than 11 percent camphor) and menthol dissolved in petroleum jelly.

The method of use was to apply a small amount under the nose and on the chest, whereby vapours of camphor would be inhaled continuously.

Similarly, another company, Vicks, also came up with their salve in 1905 which was named Vicks VapoRub (less than 5 percent camphor). They advertised it widely as a remedy for cold, cough, flu and other respiratory illnesses.

In 1918, the Spanish flu pandemic was a test for this remedy. This viral influenza killed almost 50 million people around the world. In USA alone, every fourth American was afflicted and around 500,000 died. This brought the whole of USA to a standstill and hospitals were overflowing and unable to help victims. There were no true medicines for viral pneumonia and there was little that could be done for the suffering people.

Many died due to an overdose of aspirin for their fever. However, a perceptible reader of the historical archives would find that there were cures available.

Dr WA Dewey collected data from 50 homeopathic doctors who, in total, treated more than 100,000 influenza cases across USA and published his findings in 1920 in the Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy. His report showed that the death rate with homeopathic remedies was very low (less than 1 to 4 percent) compared to the colleagues of such doctors who practiced regular medicine.

The death rate with regular medicine was reportedly above 30 percent; some regular doctors even losing over 60 percent of their cases. The remedies used at that time by the homeopathic physicians were mainly Gelsemium, Bryonia and Aconite.

The current worldwide head of Jamaate-Ahmadiyya, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmadaa, has recommended homeopathic remedies for his community to use for the current coronavirus outbreak; the remedies include gelsemium and aconite.

Vicks was also advertised as a treatment for the Spanish flu in USA and its sales jumped almost ten-fold, with drug stores running out of stock. A total of 17 million jars of Vicks were sold in 1918 and even more the next year. There are no published accounts of the efficacy of Mentholatum or Vicks at that time, but testimonials published in newspapers show that family members who used the camphor containing remedies avoided getting influenza.

Current state of camphor Camphor was first recognised as a medical product in the 18th century, however, by 1954 there were more than 100 reports of acute camphor poisoning primarily involving accidental ingestion of camphorated oil or camphor-containing cough and cold preparations. These reports include around 20 deaths attributed to camphor intoxication due to overdose. In 1982, the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) declared camphorated oil as “not generally recognise as safe” and any camphor over-the counter product was limited to having less than 11 percent camphor. Camphor is no longer listed in

Hadith in Commentary

Treating children with love and care

Hazrat Mir Muhammad Ishaqra

Once, some clothes were given to the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, as gifts that included a black stripped shawl. The Holy Prophetsa asked who he should give the shawl to, but there was silence in response; everyone remained quiet. Upon this the Holy Prophetsa said to call Umm-e-Khalid (who was a girl of 4 or 5 years of age). When she was brought before the Holy Prophetsa, he wrapped the shawl around her with his blessed hands and, affectionately, prayed for her by saying ‫ ابلی واخلقی‬twice, meaning, “May God grant you a long life and wear this with joy.” Then the Holy Prophetsa showed Umm-e-Khalid the lines on the shawl and while pointing towards it said: ‫یا ام خالد ھذا سناہ‬ Meaning, “O Umm-e-Khalid, [look] how nice and beautiful these lines are.”

From this hadith, we can learn how much love and kindness the Holy Prophetsa

the US National Formulary and thus is no longer considered a drug.

Through divine mercy, camphor products are still available widely over the counter e.g. Vicks VapoRub, Vicks Vapoinhaler, Mentholatum Natural Rub, Tiger Balm etc. These have less than 5 percent camphor and are some of the most widely used over-the-counter remedies commonly used for cough, cold, flu, decongestion and non-life-threatening respiratory infections.

There are no clinical trials on camphor, though one recent research publication reported a survey of parents using Vicks VapoRub. Parents favoured Vicks compared to simple petroleum jelly or no treatment for symptomatic relief of nocturnal cough, congestion and sleep difficulty due to upper respiratory tract infections in children.

Caution should still be applied in the continued use of camphor products as there have been reports of seizures after accidental oral ingestion of Vicks.

In addition, there have been reports of respiratory depression due to continued use of Vicks VapoRub in very young children. Therefore, it is not recommended to be used in children less than 2 years of age. Doctors recommend that Vicks should be applied on throat, chest and back and not under the nose or on nostrils.

Future of camphor While clinical research on this divine

showed towards children; how he would make them happy and take care of their feelings and needs. Some parents treat their children in a very bad manner. They do not fulfil their needs and, as a result, their children develop bad habits. Even when they are older, they cannot let go of these bad habits. In this way, their whole life is destroyed and ruined. Thus, children should be treated very kindly and special attention should be paid to their needs and acceptable demands. From childhood, [parents] should inculcate healthy habits within them.

Ill-disciplined children do not only cause disgrace for their parents, but rather if the parents purposefully neglect the [good] upbringing of their child, then they will be answerable to God, as due to their neglect, a person went astray from the right path.

(Originally published in Al Fazl on 13 April 1940 in the form of notes taken by Mahmood Ahmad Khalil Sahib from the lectures on hadith by Hazrat Mir Muhammad Ishaqra, a scholar of hadith and brother-in-law of the Promised Messiahas)

remedy is severely lacking, historical evidence suggests that it may have role in reducing the spread of epidemic respiratory infections. We can hypothesise that mild application of camphor containing salves (like Vicks) may mitigate the spread of acute respiratory viruses such as the latest outbreak of coronavirus, now known as COVID-19.

Clinical studies are needed to demonstrate this effect. Further research on this topic may also help discover the best form of camphor for use in medicine.

The world awaits the pharmaceutical giants to come up with a drug or a vaccine for the current strain of coronavirus, but the response is expected to be slow as the primary driver for these large companies is usually profit and not people’s welfare.

It is the wonder of the Holy Quran that has already pointed us towards a gracious gift from God in the form of camphor and other homeopathic remedies for coronavirus – the simplest and cheapest of cures that are easily available. Indeed, the Holy Quran is true when it declares: ۡ ُ ۡ ُ ّٰ ‫یُرِیۡ ُد الل ُہ ِبک ُم ال ُی ۡس َر َو لَا یُرِیۡ ُد ِبک ُم ال ُع ۡس َر‬ “Allah desires ease for you and desires not hardship for you.” (Surah al-Baqarah, Ch.2: V.186) (Please note that this article should be taken as a historical research analysis that provides evidence for the truth of the Holy Quran and not as medical advice.

For medical advice, please consult your doctor)

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

Friday Sermon Men of Excellence 7 February 2020 After reciting the Tashahud, Ta‘awuz and Surah al-Fatihah, Hazrat Khalifatul Masih Vaa stated:

The companion who I will mention today is Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah Ansari. Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah’s father’s name was Maslamah bin Salamah. His paternal grandfather’s name is recorded as Salamah as well as Khalid. Hazrat Maslamah’sra mother was known as Umm-e-Sahm and her name was Khulaidah bint Abu Ubaidah.

Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah belonged to the Aus tribe of the Ansar and was the confederate of the Abd-Ash‘hal tribe. Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah was known by the titles of Abu Abdillah,

Abu Abdir Rahman and Abu Saeed.

According to Allamah ibn Hajar, the title of Abu Abdillah is more authentic.

According to one narration, he was born 22 years before the Holy Prophetsa was appointed to the station of prophethood and was among those people who was named Muhammad in the time of the jahiliyyah era [era prior to the advent of Islam]. (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Saad, Vol. 3, p. 338, Muhammadra bin Maslamah, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1990) (Al-Isabah Fi Tamyeez AlSahabah, Vol. 6, p. 28, Muhammadra bin

Maslamah, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1995) (Usdul Ghabah, Vol. 5, p.

106, Muhammadra bin Maslamah, Dar-ulKutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2003) The Jews of Medina were anticipating the advent of a prophet, who, according to the prophecy of Mosesas, would be named Muhammad. When the Arabs came to know of this, they began to name their children Muhammad. In the books pertaining to the life and character of the Holy Prophetsa, the people who were named Muhammad as a good omen numbered between three and

fifteen. Allama Suhaili, who has written a commentary on Sirat Ibn Hisham has recorded three individuals with the name Muhammad. Allama Ibn Atheer has recorded six names, whereas Abdul Wahab Sheraani has recorded fifteen names.

For information and [general] knowledge, I will list the fifteen names: Muhammad bin Sufyan, Muhammad bin Uhayhah, Muhammad bin Humran, Muhammad bin Khuza‘i, Muhammad bin Adi, Muhammad bin Usama, Muhammad bin Barah, Muhammad

Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

18 bin Harith, Muhammad bin Harimaaz, Muhammad bin Khauli, Muhammad bin Yahmadi, Muhammad bin Zaid, Muhammad bin Usaidi, Muhammad Fuqami and Muhammadra bin Maslamah.

(Muhammadun Rasulullah Walladhina Ma‘ahu, Abdul Hameed Jaudah al-Sahaar, Vol. 2, pp. 111-112, Maktabah Misr) (AlRaud-ul-Anf, Vol. 1, p. 280, Dar-ul-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut) (Usdul Ghabah, Vol. 5, p. 72, Muhammadra bin Uhayhah, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2003) (Kashful Ghummah ‘An Jami’il Ummah, alShi‘rani, Vol. 1, pp. 283-184, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1998) (Al-Isabah Fi Tamyeez Al-Sahabah, Vol. 6, p. 28, Muhammadra bin Maslamah, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1995) Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah was among the early converts of Islam. He accepted Islam through Hazrat Musabra bin Umair before Hazrat Saadra bin Muaz accepted Islam. When Hazrat Ubaidahra bin Al-Jarrah migrated to Medina, the Holy Prophetsa established a bond of brotherhood between him and Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah.

Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah was among those companions who killed Kaab bin Ashraf and Abu Rafi Sallaam bin Abu Huqaiq. Both of these individuals were extremely mischievous and relentless in their efforts to cause harm to Muslims and even sought to launch an attack against the Muslims and the Holy Prophetsa. Consequently, the Holy Prophetsa assigned these companions with the task of killing them.

During various battles, Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah was appointed by the Holy Prophetsa to oversee Medina [in his absence]. Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah’s sons, Jafarra, Abdullahra, Saadra, Abdur Rahmanra and Umarra, are also counted amongst the companions of the Holy Prophetsa.

Except for the Battle of Tabuk, Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah took part in all the battles, including the Battle of Badr and Uhud. During the Battle of Tabuk, Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah took permission from the Holy Prophetsa to remain behind in Medina. (Al-Isabah Fi Tamyeez Al-Sahabah, Vol. 6, pp. 28-29, Muhammadra bin Maslamah, Dar-ulKutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1995) (Sharh Zurqani, Vol. 6, p. 511, Hadith Bani Nadeer, Darul Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1996) As mentioned earlier, Hazrat Muhammadra bin Maslamah was among those who were assigned with the mission to kill the two mischievous individuals who opposed Islam. I have mentioned details of this incident in relation to Hazrat Ubadahra bin Bishr around one and a half years ago. Therefore, I shall mention some details again briefly, but there are also some other details in relation to this incident which I will also mention. With reference to the killing of Kaab bin Ashraf, Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad Sahibra has written in Sirat Khatamun Nabiyyin: “The manner in which the Battle of Badr brought forth the heart-felt enmity of the Jews of Medina and they

continued to grow in their mischief and disturbances. As such, the incident of the execution of Kaab bin Ashraf is also a link in this very chain. Although Kaab was a Jew by religion, he was not actually Jewish by descent; rather, he was an Arab.

His father, Ashraf, was a very clever and cunning man of the Banu Nibhan, who came to Medina and developed relations with the Banu Nazir and become their confederate. Ultimately, he managed to gain such power and influence that Abu Rafi‘ bin Abil-Huqaiq, head-chief of the Banu Nazir, gave him his daughter in marriage. It was this very daughter who gave birth to Kaab, who grew to attain an even greater status than that of his father.

This was to such extent that ultimately, he took on such a capacity that all the Jews of Arabia began to accept him as their chief.

“From a moral perspective, he was a man of extremely ill morals, and was a master in the art of secret schemes and conspiracies. (He was extremely cunning in his ill deeds, causing strife and dissention and the spread of evil.)

When the Holy Prophetsa migrated to Medina, along with the other Jews, Kaab bin Ashraf also participated in the treaty which the Holy Prophetsa drafted between the Jews with regard to mutual friendship, peace and security, and collective defence.

However, deep within, the fire of malice and enmity began to burn in the heart of Kaab and he began to oppose Islam and the Founder of Islam through secret schemes and conspiracies. However, after this, the opposition of Kaab took on a more dangerous form, (he continued in his hostility and evil ploys) and ultimately, after the Battle of Badr, he began to employ such conduct, as was extremely mischievous and seditious, and created very dangerous circumstances for the Muslims.

“However, on the occasion of Badr, when the Muslims were granted an extraordinary victory, and most of the chieftains of the Quraish were slain, he understood that this new religion would not die out by itself.” Initially, he thought that this newly found religion would soon come to an end. However, when he witnessed the outcome of the Battle of Badr, he realised that Islam would not simply fade away. “Hence, after Badr, he resolved to exert his best efforts to abolish and utterly destroy Islam.

“When this news had been confirmed and Kaab was assured that the victory at Badr had granted Islam such strength as was beyond his wildest dreams, he was overcome with anger and rage. He immediately prepared for journey and took to Mecca, and upon reaching there, by the power of his persuasive speech and poetic tongue, inflamed the fire that was kindling in the hearts of the Quraish. He created an unquenchable thirst in their hearts for Muslim blood, and filled their hearts with sentiments of revenge and enmity. Then, when their emotions had become immensely sparked as a result of his incitement, Kaab took them to the courtyard of the Ka‘bah, and handing them the drapes of the Ka‘bah, had them

swear that they would not rest until Islam and the Founder of Islam had been wiped out from the face of the earth.

“This evil person turned to the other tribes of Arabia, and travelling from tribe to tribe, he incited people against the Muslims. Then, he returned to Medina and whilst composing tashbib, he alluded to the Muslim women in a very filthy and obscene manner in his provocative couplets. In doing so, he did not even spare the women from the household of the Holy Prophetsa in his amorous couplets, and had these couplets widely publicised throughout the country.

Finally, he hatched a conspiracy to assassinate the Holy Prophetsa. Under the ploy of a feast, he invited the Holy Prophetsa to his residence, and with a few Jewish young men he schemed to have the Holy Prophetsa assassinated. However, by the Grace of God, information was received in advance and this plan of his was unsuccessful.

“In light of the treaty which had been settled between the inhabitants of Medina upon his arrival, the Holy Prophetsa was the chief and commander in chief of the democratic State of Medina. Thus, when the state of affairs escalated to such an extent, and charges of infraction of treaty, rebellion, inciting war, sedition, use of foul language and conspiracy to assassinate the Holy Prophetsa had been established, he issued the verdict that Kaab bin Ashraf was liable to be put to death due to his actions. However, due to the sedition of Kaab, since the atmosphere of Medina at the time was such that if a formal announcement had been made before his execution, there was a possibility that civil war may have erupted in Medina, and there was no telling how much massacre and carnage would have ensued as a result. The Holy Prophetsa was willing to offer any possible and reasonable sacrifice in order to prevent international violence and bloodshed.

“Thus, he instructed that Kaab should not be executed publicly; rather, a few people should quietly find an opportunity and put an end to him. The Holy Prophetsa assigned this duty to a faithful Companion of the Aus tribe named Muhammadra bin Maslamah, and emphasised that whatever strategy was devised, should be executed with the counsel of Saad bin Muazra, who was the chief of the Aus tribe. Muhammadra bin Maslamah submitted, ‘O Messengersa of Allah! In order to kill him silently, we shall be required to say something,’ which meant that some excuse, etc., would be required, by which Kaab could be lured out of his residence and executed in a secure location. Taking into account the grave consequences which could have arisen if a covert operation had been ruled out, the Holy Prophetsa said, ‘Alright then.’ As such, with the counsel of Saadra bin Muaz, Muhammadra bin Maslamah took Abu Na‘ilahra and two or three other Companions along and reached the residence of Kaab. They called Kaab out from his living quarters and said, ‘Our Chief (i.e., Muhammadsa) demands charity of us, while we are of straitened

circumstances. Would you be so kind as to give us a loan?’ Upon hearing this, Kaab jumped with joy and said, ‘By God! This is nothing – the day is not far when you shall become averse to him and abandon him.’

Muhammadra bin Maslamah responded, ‘In any case, we have already accepted Muhammadsa, but you tell us whether or not you will give us a loan?’

‘Of course!’ said Kaab, ‘But you will be required to deposit some collateral.’

Muhammadra bin Maslamah enquired, ‘What do you require?’ This wretched person responded, ‘Leave your women as collateral.’ Suppressing his anger, Muhammadra bin Maslamah said, ‘How is it possible for us to leave our women as collateral to a man like yourself.’ He responded, ‘Alright, then your sons shall do.’ Muhammadra bin Maslamah responded, ‘This is not possible either; we cannot bear the reproach of the whole of Arabia. However, if you are generous enough, we are willing to leave our arms with you as collateral.’ Kaab agreed, and Muhammadra bin Maslamah and his companions left with the promise to return at night. At nightfall, this party arrived at the residence of Kaab with their weapons (as now they were able to openly take their arms along with according to the agreement they had settled). When they had led Kaab out of his home, they brought him to one side during the course of discussions. After some time, walking along, Muhammadra bin Maslamah, or some other companion, raised his hand towards the head of Kaab by some excuse, and with great speed, taking firm hold of his hair, he called out to his companions, ‘Strike now!’ The Companions, who were already prepared and armed, wielded their swords at once; finally Kaab was killed and fell to the ground. Muhammadra bin Maslamah and his companions departed from there and quickly presented themselves to the Holy Prophetsa and conveyed to him the news of his execution.

“When news of the execution of Kaab became known, a tremor rippled through the city, and the Jewish people were deeply enraged. The following day, in the morning, a delegation of the Jews presented themselves before the Holy Prophetsa and complained that their leader Kaab bin Ashraf had been murdered in such and such way. The Holy Prophetsa listened to their comments and said, ‘Are you also aware of the crimes which Kaab is guilty of?’ Then, the Holy Prophetsa briefly reminded them of all the evil schemes which Kaab was guilty of, i.e., infraction of treaty, inciting war, sedition, use of foul language and conspiracy of assassination, etc. Upon this, the people became fearful and did not say a word.

After this, the Holy Prophetsa said, ‘At least from here onwards, you would do well to live in peace and harmony, and do not sow the seed of enmity, violence and disorder.’ As such, with the agreement of the Jews, a new treaty was drafted, and the Jews promised once again to live with the Muslims in peace and harmony, and to abstain from a course of violence and

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Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM disorder.”

If Kaab was not guilty of the aforementioned crimes, the Jews would never have easily entered into a new treaty nor would they have remained silent upon his killing. Nonetheless, they entered into a new treaty to live in peace and harmony.

“Nowhere in history is it recorded that after this, the Jews ever mentioned the execution of Kaab bin Ashraf and accused the Muslims, for in their hearts they knew that Kaab received the rightful punishment due to him. Some Western historians have greatly worn out their pens on the issue of the execution of Kaab bin Ashraf, and presenting this incident as being an unpleasant blemish upon the mantle of the Holy Prophetsa, they have levelled allegations. However, what needs to be studied is that firstly, was this execution in itself a justified action or not? Secondly, was the method that was employed for this execution justifiable or not?

“With regard to the first issue, it should be remembered that Kaab bin Ashraf had entered into a formal agreement of peace and security with the Holy Prophetsa.

Scheming against the Muslims was out of the question, especially when he had agreed to support the Muslims against all foreign enemies and to maintain friendly relations with the Muslims. By virtue of this treaty, he had also accepted that the Holy Prophetsa would be the chief of the democratic state which had been established in Medina, and that the verdict of the Holy Prophetsa would be legally binding in all disputes, etc. Therefore, historical evidence proves that under this very treaty, Jewish people would present their cases before the Holy Prophetsa and he would administer verdicts to them.

“In these circumstances, ignoring all of his treaties and agreements, Kaab committed treason against the Muslims, as a matter of fact, against the very government of the time. He planted the seed of violence and disorder in Medina; he attempted to inflame a fire of war within the country and dangerously incited the tribes of Arabia against the Muslims and conspired to assassinate the Holy Prophetsa. In these circumstances, did the crimes of Kaab not warrant some form of punishment? Then was there any punishment lesser than death which could have brought an end to this mischievous behaviour of the Jews?

“Even today, in countries which are known as ‘civilised’, when a criminal is guilty of the crimes of rebellion, infraction of treaty, inciting war, and attempted assassination, is such a person not administered the death penalty?”

Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmadra then addresses the question of the manner in which he was killed and whether that was right or wrong. He writes: “With regard to this issue, it should be remembered that there was no formal ruling power in Arabia at the time, rather every individual and every tribe was free and independent. In this state, which court of law existed where a case could be filed against Kaab and a formal judgement

for his execution could be sought? Should a complaint have been lodged with the Jews, of whom he was a leader, and who had themselves committed treachery against the Muslims already, and would create disorder every other day? Should the case have been presented before the Quraish of Mecca, who were thirsty for the blood of the Muslims? Should justice have been sought from the tribes of Sulaim and Ghatafan, who had planned to launch a sudden attack on Medina at night three or four times, in the last few months alone?”

Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad Sahibra then writes: “Reflect on the state of Arabia at the time, and then contemplate that when a person was guilty of provocation, inciting war, mischievous behaviour and attempted assassination, and due to this, his remaining alive was felt to be a threat to their own security and the security of the country, what other alternative was available to the Muslims, except for executing such a person when the opportunity presented itself, in the consideration of self-defence.

“It is far more beneficial for an evil and violent man to be executed, as opposed to the lives of many peace-abiding citizens being put to danger, and the peace of the country being ruined.

“It should also be remembered that in light of the treaty which took place between the Muslims and Jews after the migration, the Holy Prophetsa did not possess the capacity of an ordinary citizen.

On the contrary, he had now become the chief of the democratic state which had been established in Medina. The Holy Prophetsa had been given the authority to issue whatever verdict he deemed appropriate with respect to all disputes and political affairs. Hence, in the interest of domestic peace, the Holy Prophetsa declared Kaab as being worthy of death due to his mischievous behaviour. (Hence, no one could object to this verdict made by the Holy Prophetsa.)

“When historical evidence establishes that even the Jews themselves found this punishment of Kaab as being reasonable in light of his crimes and took to silence without raising a single objection. If the allegation is raised that prior to the verdict of execution, why were the Jews not summoned so that the crimes of Kaab could be listed, and then after proof had been completely furnished, his execution could have been formally and publicly announced (the answer to this is) at the time, the situation prevalent was so sensitive that if such a method had been employed, there was a serious risk of the rise of inter-tribal conflict. Moreover, it would not have been surprising for a dangerous chain of violence and bloodshed, and civil war to have broken out in Medina. Hence, in the likeness of those tasks which prove to be more beneficial if done quickly and silently, taking into consideration public peace, the Holy Prophetsa deemed it appropriate to quietly issue the verdict relevant to the punishment of Kaab. However, there was absolutely no deception of any kind

involved in this, nor did the Holy Prophetsa intend to keep this punishment secret, because as soon as the delegation of Jews came to the Holy Prophetsa the following morning, the Holy Prophetsa immediately and without hesitation related the entire account to them. Furthermore, by taking full responsibility for this action, the Holy Prophetsa proved that there was no question of deception or anything of that sort. Moreover, the Holy Prophetsa clearly told the Jews that on the basis of such and such grave crimes, this punishment was administered to Kaab, and that it was issued by his express order.

“The allegation that on this occasion, the Holy Prophetsa gave his Companions permission to lie and cheat, is absolutely incorrect and authentic narrations reject this notion. The Holy Prophetsa did not at all give permission to lie and speak falsehood, rather, according to the narration in Sahih Bukhari ... when Muhammadra bin Maslamah said to the Holy Prophetsa, ‘In order to execute Kaab silently, we shall be required to say something’, taking into consideration the towering benefits, which were the reason for a silent punishment in the first place, the Holy Prophetsa responded merely by saying, ‘Alright then.’ On this occasion, there was absolutely no further explanation or clarification by either the Holy Prophetsa or Muhammadra bin Maslamah. The only thing that was implied by the Holy Prophetsa was that in order for Muhammadra bin Maslamah and his companions to bring Kaab outside upon reaching his home, they would surely be required to say something as a result of which Kaab would willingly and happily leave his home and come along with them; and there is absolutely nothing wrong with this. After all, during a time of war, when spies are sent on a mission, they too are required to say such things, and no sensible individual ever objects to this. Hence, in any case, the mantle of the Holy Prophetsa is pure.

“Now remains the issue of Muhammadra bin Maslamah, and his companions who went there and actually said such things. As such, even in their dialogue, there is actually nothing about it which can be deemed immoral. In actual fact, they did not say anything false. Albeit, taking into consideration the fundamental purpose of their mission, they did use certain words, which could be construed in more than one way, but there was no other option. In a state of war, for a good and righteous cause, such a mild diversion from simple and straightforward words, cannot be objectionable at all in the eyes of a sensible and honest individual.”

Some people have posed the question whether or not it is permissible to lie and deceive whilst in a state of war.

“In various narrations, it has been related that the Holy Prophetsa would say: َْ ٌ َ ْ ُ ‫الحَ ْر ُب خدعة‬ meaning, ‘War is but deception.’

“The meaning which is inferred by this is that God-forbid, the Holy Prophetsa permitted the use of deception in war. Although, in the first place, the

َْ ٌ َ ْ ُ words ‫ الحَ ْر ُب خدعة‬do not mean that it is permissible to employ deception in war. Rather, the only meaning which is implied here is that ‘War is in itself a kind of deception.’ In other words, with regard to the outcome of war, there can be no definitive statement as to what shall happen. That is to say, there are so many varying factors which affect the outcome of war, that irrespective of the course of events, a statement cannot be passed with respect to its outcome. This meaning is supported by the fact that this narration has been related in a hadith in two ways.

In one narration, the words are that the Holy Prophetsa said: َْ ٌ َ ْ ُ ‫الحَ ْر ُب خدعة‬ ‘War is but deception.’

“In the secondً narration words are: ْ the َ​َ َ ْ ُ ‫س ّمی الحَ ْر َب خدعة‬ ‘The Holy Prophetsa has named war as being deceit.’

“When both of these narrations are combined, the definitive outcome which is derived is that the Holy Prophetsa did not condone the use of deception in war, rather he meant that war is in itself a thing which deceives a person. However, if one insists upon translating this to mean that deception is permitted in war, even still, most surely, at this instance, the word ‘deception’ infers strategies and tactics of war, and falsehood and betrayal are not implied at all. The reason being that in this instance, the word khud‘atun infers manoeuvres and strategies of war, not falsehood and deception.

“Hence, the meaning is that it is not prohibited to catch the enemy off-guard and apprehend or subdue them by means of some strategy or tactic; and there can be different forms of this manoeuvring.

(There can be various forms of strategies and tactics.) For example, it is established by authentic narrations that when the Holy Prophetsa would set out on a campaign, he would generally not disclose his final destination. At times, even if he intended to travel south, at the start of his journey, he would head towards the north, and would then divert towards the south. Then, if someone would enquire of him as to where he had come from, instead of mentioning Medina, he would name a close or far off location where he had previously setup camp, or he would employ some other lawful strategy of war.

To the same affect, as the Holy Quran has indicated, at times, in order to throw off their enemy, the Companions would begin to retreat from the field of battle; and when the enemy would least expect it, and when its ranks would become disarranged, they would launch a sudden attack. All of these are examples of khud‘atun which has been deemed lawful in a state of war, and is considered to be permissible even today. However, to deal with falsehood and treachery is something which Islam has very strictly forbidden.

As such, the Holy Prophetsa would say, ‘In Islam, after associating partners with God and usurping the rights of parents, the third greatest sin is speaking a lie.’

“Furthermore, he would state that belief and cowardice can come together at

Friday 6 March 2020 | AL HAKAM

20 one place; similarly, belief and miserliness can also come together at one place, but belief and falsehood can never come together at one place. Then, with regard to deception and treachery, he remarked, ‘A person who commits treachery shall be subjected to the severe wrath of Allah on the day of resurrection.’ Hence, the kind of khud‘atun which has been permitted in war is not actual deception or falsehood, rather it infers the use of such tactics of war, which are employed to catch the enemy off-guard and defeat it. In some instances, this may seem to apparently resemble falsehood and deception, but in actuality, it is not so.”

Thus, according to Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad Sahibra, the following hadith lends support to this notion: “Umm-e-Kalthum bint Aqabahra relates, ‘There are only three instances where I have found the Holy Prophetsa to permit the use of such statements, which do not actually constitute falsehood, but ordinary people may construe them as such. Firstly, war; secondly, when reconciling between two people who are at conflict with one another and thirdly, when a husband or wife say something, which is intended to please or gratify the other.’ (Thus, one’s intentions or reasons ought to be pure.)

This hadith leaves no room for doubt in the fact that the kind of khud‘atun

that is permitted in war does not imply falsehood and deception, rather what is inferred are such things that must be employed at times, as tactics of war, and which are considered to be lawful in every nation and in every religion.

After mentioning the account of Kaab bin Ashraf, Ibn Hisham has recorded the narration that after the execution of Kaab, the Holy Prophetsa instructed the Companions that now they should slay any Jew they were able to apprehend.

Hence, one Companion by the name of Mahisah, attacked a Jew and killed him.

The same narration has been related in Abu Dawud as well. The source of both these narrations is Ibn Ishaq.”

Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad Sahibra further writes: “In light of the science of narration, this narration is weak and unreliable (the Holy Prophetsa never said such a thing) because Ibn Hisham has recorded it without a chain of narration, and the chain of narrators, which has been provided

by Abu Dawud is weak and incomplete.

In this chain of narrators, Ibn Ishaq states that he heard this incident from a freed slave of Zain bin Thabitra, and that anonymous slave heard this incident from an unknown daughter of Mahisah (there are no narrations about who this girl was), and that daughter had heard this incident from her father. Now, any individual

can understand that a narration of this type, where two narrators are absolutely anonymous and unknown, cannot be acceptable in the least.

“Moreover, even if a person contemplates in terms of dirayat, this tale does not hold true because the general practice of the Holy Prophetsa categorically refutes the notion that he would ever issue forth such a general order. Furthermore, if this was a general order, then definitely as a result, there should have been numerous killings of this sort. However, narrations have only reported a single case, which substantiates that this was not a general order. Then, when it is established in light of authentic narrations that the very next day a new treaty was settled with the Jews, in such a case, it cannot be accepted at all that a command of this nature would have been issued.

“Furthermore, if such an incident had actually occurred, the Jews would have surely raised a huge hue and cry. However, no historical account demonstrates that any such complaint was lodged by the Jews. Hence, in terms of both riwayat and dirayat, this tale proves to be false.

“If this narration can be taken to possess any truth at all then only inasmuch that when an outcry broke out in Medina after the execution of Kaab bin Ashraf, and the Jewish people became enraged, perceiving a threat from the Jews, the Holy

Prophetsa may have told the Companions that in self-defence, (even then there is no substantial evidence for this) they were permitted to slay any such Jew who posed a threat and attacked them. However, (even if this were to be the case) it seems as if this atmosphere existed for only a few hours because the very next day, a new treaty was settled with the Jews and a state of peace and security was brought about once again.”

Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad Sahibra then writes: “There is a slight difference of opinion with regard to the date of the execution of Kaab bin Ashraf. Ibn Saad has stated that it occurred in Rabi‘ al-Awwal 3 AH. However, Ibn Hisham has placed it after the Sariyyah of Zaid bin Harithahra, which is confirmed to have taken place in Jamadi al-Akhirah.” He further writes, “At this instance, I have maintained the order adopted by Ibn Hisham.” (Sirat Khatamun-Nabiyyin, Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmadra, pp. 466-477) Nonetheless, there are some accounts that remain, which I shall narrate in the future sermons.

(Original Urdu published in Al Fazl International, on 28 February 2020, pp. 5-8.Translated by The Review of Religions.)

The Diamond Jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Victoria was celebrated with great pomp and show in June 1897 throughout British India. Since the purpose of the advent of the Promised Messiahas was to propagate the Unity of God and His message, he found a way to serve those objectives at that occasion. He published the booklet Tohfa-e-Qaisariyyah on 25 May 1897. In addition to congratulating Her Majesty, the Promised Messiahas expounded on the following points: • •

The truthfulness of Islam and its teachings that can bring about international peace •

•

The truthfulness of the Holy Prophet Muhammadsa

A proposal for Her Majesty to organise a conference of great religions

A strong plea for Her Majesty to clear Prophet Jesusas of the accusation of having been cursed

•

An undertaking to show a sign of his own truthfulness, provided that Her Majesty would agree to accept his message in case of fulfilment – adding that he would accept death penalty if he was unable to show a convincing sign

To read more, go to www.alislam.org/library/books/Gift-for-Queen.pdf

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