sdfdfdgfdg by Alice Yang hee Lee

STREETWARE + SHOPHOUSE

TYPOLOGY

and

STREETWARE + GREEN STRAATEGY

STREETWARE + BLOCK DENSITY

STREETWARE

+ REFLECTOSCOPE

Sidewalk Block Temple

Transport Tree Park

Boundary Infrastructure

Building

Hardware Square

Signage

Urban Furniture Ornament Stalls

Tradition Community

Rules

Neighbourhood Climate Network Law Event

Live

Software

Play Activity Event Gathering

Work

Food Art Music

Sidewalk Tradition Community

Rules

Block Temple

Transport

Neighbourhood

Tree

Climate

Network

Park

Infrastructure Live

Law

Boundary Event

Software

StreetWare

Play

Building

Hardware Square

Event

Gathering

Signage Work

Food Urban Furniture Music Stalls

Activity

Art Ornament

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Gulf of Thailand

Thailand

Penang

Butterworth

Malacca Strait Ipoh

Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur

Indonesia

AA. Architecture Associate The Visiting School Research Programme of Penang

What about the street? For the first AA Alumni Workshop (AAaw), the capital of Malaysia’s ‘heaven island’ is inviting the AA alumni community to reflect upon its newly acquired UNESCO Heritage listing. This unique gathering will be an opportunity to demonstrate the AA’s unique way of approaching architectural thinking by tackling a world heritage site in George Town, Penang. This year’s question will tackle the ubiquitous street, whose death and revival has been constantly chanted to no avail. We will engage in an open workshop aiming at answering the proposed challenge of rethinking the obvious – the street - within the protected – the listed town. Finding the interstitial and necessary space where conKuala Terengganu

temporaneity can exist, the street as a surprisingly generic term for a chaotic and vivid setting, will be our main subject of investigation. Novel design, whereby the cultural layers perceived sequentially will inform specific interventions on the forgotten voids, will aim to highlight the possible and illustrate the unseen. Proposals will question the specificity of the “The Pearl of the Orient” which sits within the straits of Malacca as a crossover of civilisations shaping an intrinsic multicultural society. The AAaw, is open to members of the AA alumni worldwide community. It is an occasion for the institution to continue prospective discussions, hands on. The workshop will

Kuantan

provide a setting based on studio work and presentation, together with a platform for newly developing digital and manufacturing tools. The consideration of the tropical climate and the traditional multicultural background will define sustainable and sensitive responses that act in coherence with the place, while questioning materiality and performance. The workshop intends to reflect on the merging of traditional and contemporary architecture beyond traditional preservation strategies, for the 21st century development of George Town.

Geoge Town

Butterworth

Penang

Batu Kawan

5km

George Town

George Town is a historic city of the Straits of Malacca that has developed over 500 years of trading and cultural exchanges between East and West in the Straits of Malacca. The influences of Asia and Europe have endowed the town with a specific multicultural heritage that is both tangible and intangible. Featuring residential and commercial buildings, George Town represents the British era from the end of the 18th century. The town constitutes a unique architectural and cultural townscape without parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia.

|1798|

|1803|

The development of the city over the centuries was based on the merging of diverse ethnic and cultural traditions, including Malay, European, Muslim, Indian and Chinese influences. All this resulted in a human and cultural tapestry that is expressed in a rich, intangible heritage that includes languages, religious practices, gastronomy, ceremonies and festivals.

|1893|

|2010|

Unesco Site Buffer Zone Peneng growth

This multi-cultural tangible and intangible heritage is expressed in the great variety of religious buildings of different faiths, ethnic quarters, the many languages, worship and religious festivals, dances, costumes, art and music, food, and daily life.

Unesco Site Buffer Zone

UNESCO George Town site

“UNESCO works to create the conditions for dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, based upon respect for commonly shared values. It is through this dialogue that the world can achieve global visions of sustainable development encompassing observance of human rights, mutual respect and the alleviation of poverty, all of which are at the heart of UNESCO’S mission and activities”. www.unesco.org

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca. UNESCO recognised both cites as World Heritage sites in 2008. Remarkable examples of historic colonial towns on the Straits of Malacca they demonstrate a succession of historical and cultural influences arising from their former function as a trading port linking East and West. Multi-cultural living heritage originated from the trade routes from Great Britain and Europe through the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and the Malay Archipelago to China. Both towns bear testimony to a living multi-cultural heritage and tradition of Asia, where the many religions and cultures met and coexisted. They reflect the coming together of cultural elements from the Malay Archipelago, India and China with those of Europe, to create a unique architecture, culture and townscape.

Projects scale of Intervention

SHOPHOUSE

TYPOLOGY

PEOPLE

BLOCK

COMMUNITY

STREETWARE concept inspire the character projects for thetransformation of Geoge Town

Cycle

Cook Sleep

Work Study

Learn

Paint

SOFTWARE

Live Play

Eat

Information

Walk

Read

Relax

Talk Shop

Leisure Sing

Shop

Airport

Stalls

House

Surface

Tree

HARDWARE

Supermarket

Transport

Museum

Temple Library

Playground School

Car

Ornaments

Street Light Stair

Boundary

Signage Traffic light

Festival Concert

Art Craftmanship

Community

Law

Network

Climate

Celebration

Culture

Community Market

Rules

Neighbours

Events

Traditions

Activity Gathering

University Campus

Signage Sewage system

Roads

Infrastructure Sidewalks

Green Highways

Parking

Urban Furniture Block

Buildings

Square

Tunels Port

Stalls

Bridges

Proposed projects

Penang + STR

EETWARE + Proj

ect

001

Penang + STREETWARE + Project

002

ject

003

Penang + STREETWARE + Project

004

Penang + STREETWARE + Pro

astructure, ours, Craft, Climate, Infr

Pedestrian and Green Strategies

SHOPHO

USE Ty

pology

Block and Density

Reflectoscope

Relax, Leisure, Tree, Neighb

Work, Live, Shop, House, Museum,

Works, Live, Hous

Library, Neighbours, Buildings,

e, Ornaments, Build

ings,Culture

Works, Play, Leisure, Neighbours, Events, Square, Buildings, Network, Climate

The pedestrian network is studied with the aim to increment the circulation comfort by introducing a green strategy

Sidewalk

Shophouse typology is studie opportunit d to adap ies t it to

BLock

Climate, BLock

new uses

and

The Shophous e typology is studied from experiments its evolutio to get a new n and throug volumetric re hout a set of sult in bloc k and densit ies

Digital and material expe rimentation lls application. Th is used to de e reactivati velop a soph on of a new isticated de urban fabric sign of simp guides the ar le eas of implem entation

Block, Square, Sta

001

Penang + STREETWARE + Project George Town-UNESCO site

Pedestrian and Green Strategies

The goal of the proposal is to provide the already identity-rich urban site with the necessary qualities for an optimal pedestrian use. This, taking in consideration the UNESCO World Heritage status and the governmental plans for the regeneration of city centre. Kapitan Keling Street (Pitt Street) One of the four major streets in the Original Grid of George Town laid out by Captain Francis Light. Provides a cross section view of the cosmopolitan nature of George Town, where influences of British, Malay, Chinese, and Indian can be found along the street. The different religious centers include a Christian church at the northernmost, followed by Chinese and Hindu temples, and a mosque at the end.

Pedestrian Flow

St. Geoge Church community

Others

Chiness community

Sri Mahamaria Temple Community

Kapitan Keling Mosque community

Khoo Clan Community

Acheen Street Mosque Community

The diagram shows the main pedestrian flow associating to each of the Cult centers the residential area of the corresponding community. Such association is made possible through a careful reading of the cultural and architectural expression of the different ethnicities present around the site. The emerged pattern emphasizes the high pedestrian use of the Kapitan Keling Street, providing also the main driver for the strategy of the intervention.

Site - Future Traffic Plan

Main One-way Traffic Main Two-way traffic Secondary One-way traffic Fig 00.Future Traffic Plan form Thnik City

Secondary Two-way traffic

In order to articulate a meaningful strategy for the intervention, it is required a full integration with the Government’s plans for the area. More specifically, it is necessary to understand the bigger scale strategies regarding the public transport and the plans for the management of the traffic flow in the future.

Pedestrian and Green Strategy : Bamboo Structure

The intervention strategy driven by the main points identified during the site analysis consists in the following steps: -Improve the Pedestrian connectivity along the Site, regarding both, the quantitative and qualitative aspects. -Integrate the use of Vegetation and the qualitative aspects of the pedestrian connectivity. -Resize the traffic lanes in the Kapitan Keling Street and introduce specific cycling and public transport lanes, in concordance with the George Town Area Plan. -Identify available spots for the introduction of public services and installations, together with urban furniture. -Make use of the local knowledge and craftsmanship in appropriate level, scale and interpretation for the proposed intervention.

Green Layer

Bamboo Structure

Existing tree

Pedestrian Sidewalk

Traffic Road

Pedestrian and Green Strategy : Bamboo Structure existing condition proposal

Respect Existing Trees

Corridor for walking

2500

6000

3000

2500

9000

proposal

Respect Existing Trees

Corridor for walking

2500

6000

3000

4500

8000

2500

MAIN NORTH SOUTH PEDESTRIAN SPINE CONNECTING ALL RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS

EXISTING STREET PARKING IS REMOVED TO PROVIDE MORE PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

GREEN LANSCAPE ACTING AS VISUAL CONNECTIVITY COOLING OFF ZONES THE SUPER STRUCTURE ACTS AS A SCULPTURE AND PROVIDE SPACE FOR A MEETING SPACE

RE STRENGTHEN THE PUBLIC DOMIAN IN FRONT OF MOSQUE

Pavement Pedestrian zone Traffic zone

Light Structure

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Precedents of the structural principles, material choice or formal experssion can be found in a series of examples that could be explore in detail in order to learn how those concepts where best adapted to their specific sites and requirements

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Pedestrian and Green Strategy : Bamboo Structure The bamboo structure will allow for a Green Strategy that goes beyond the idea of planting trees into the idea of providing green in a top layer that can help providing shadow and coolness. The formal outcome as a dialogue between local craftmen techniques and the contemporary formal languages that relates to existing trees defines the unique presence of the ligh structure to enhnace the pedestrian confort of people of Penang.

002

Penang + STREETWARE + Project George Town-UNESCO site

SHOPHOUSE Tupology

Potential spatial configurations of the shophouse typology. The traditional functionality of the shophouse typology can be interpreted into an specific spatial configuration. An exploration of potential spatial reconfigurations thought at the scale of the block rather than the individual type reveals a series of opportunities that endow the evolution of George Town within a contemporary vision.

Shophouse Typology Study

The shophouse is composed by a series of sequencial spaces with specific programmatic arrangement. A private-public dialogue together with a respond to environmental-weather conditions determine the arrangement of the spaces. The configuration can be interpreted into outdoor, indoor, semi indoor spaces.

Shophouse Circulation Pattern

Terrace Room Room Rear Court Room Kitchen

Toilet

Courtyard Hall

Shop

Five step-way

Outdoor Space Semi Indoor Space Indoor Space

Shophouse Typology : Rethinking Circulation

Option 1-Linear

Shophouse Typology Shophouse Typology

SHOPHOUSE circulation

Street circulation

|One House|

The evolution of the one-way linear circulation of the shophouse can create opportunities that have an impact at the block scale

SHOPHOUSE circulation

Street circulation |One Block|

Option 2 -Loop

Option 3 -Open

|One House|

|One Block|

Shophouse Circulation Pattern

Opprtunity: Community Bond

Activate GATHERING areas WITHIN the BLOCK

Requestion The spatial configuration at the back

Densification

1:3000

scale

1:3000

Linear

Opprtunity: SHOPLABS

Shophouse Circulation Pattern

nrettaP noitalucriC esuohpohS

Linear one-way

Linear

LinearLinear one-way one-way Linear Linear Linear one-way Linear one-wayLinear Loop Linear Loop

Loop

Loop Loop

Circuit

CircuitCircuit

Circuit

Shop-LABS

Street

Arcade

Active Frontage

Courtyard

Private Use

Business 1

Loop

Business 2

Business 3

Courtyard

Private Use

Business 4

Opportunity for Interaction Business incubators that Foster interaction

Local craft Artist Oppotunities to support Local craft activities

Artist Promote local art by fostering and art comunity

Business man Opportunity to create small start ups with interdisciplinary interaction

Computer engineer Promote new generation of technical and virtual disciplines

Fashion designer Foster local textile businesses and orientation to international markets

Opprtunity: Hibrid

Existing Old Front Structure

New Intervention Rear Interior space

Retail and Market Activation

Public Realm Activation

Frontage Activation Back Activation that

Densification of site-south street activation Activation of back street by densifying border

Public Realm with in and out the Hybrid Civic Use + Outdoor Public Gathering Opportunity

003

Penang + STREETWARE + Project George Town-UNESCO site

Block and Density

We do not propose to ‘invent’ or ‘solve’ a Malaysian architecture, but aim to work in the context that is raised by this question. Aware of our position, following the many other groups who have brought to Penang their own cultural export, we seek to perpetuate the cultural synthesis in this contemporary moment, pursued in harmony with local need.

Site Observation

European louvre shutters

20th century new materials 19th century European style

Rows of tall unglazed windows

Architecture At A Set of Cultural Crossroads It has been deemed by UNESCO that George Town is of ‘outstanding value to humanity’ owing to it being a ‘reflection of the coming together of cultural elements from the Malay Archipelago, India and China with those of Europe to create a unique architecture, culture and townscape without parallel’. As Malaysia moves towards a ‘One Malaysia’ as initiated by the government in recent years questions of national identity are at the forefront of Malaysian thinking, and in turn the question of a Malaysian architecture emerges. Located as it is, historically and geographically, at a meeting place for cultures, George Town is a particularly rich location from where to phrase questions about architecture at a specific set of cultural crossroads. The synthesis of cultures evident in the architecture of George Town up until the mid twentieth century has generated both diversity and commonality, in response to local climate with elements of design rooted in the multiple cultures that have had a stake in the city. After the Second World War this pattern of eclecticism coupled with a sympathy to climatic needs was to a degree lost in favour of what can be described as the ‘International Style’, characterised by standardisation, industrialisation over craft, and a limited palette of materials; notably steel, glass, and concrete.

Southern Chinese

Anglo-Indian neo classical Neo

Southern China

England Victorian

Ideologically the International Style was driven by an emphasis upon functionality, but examples in George Town are found to be wholly unsuited to the climate with their flat roofs and panoramic windows. The architecture in George Town that gave precedent to this style loses its link with the local climate or any reference to the complexity of existing cultures. Heritage protection as offered by UNESCO seeks in part to maintain specificity against processes that may be described as globalisation. The question here is: how might one perpetuate the cultural synthesis that has produced Georgetown while retaining its specificity? In seeking to continue the flux of the living city we pursue this tension along a course of traditions; those which we observe and those which we join, while aiming to gain the knowledge and empathy to root our endeavour in the landscape, environment, and social practices of Georgetown.

Statement

PAST We

interrogate the notion of tradition but do not aim to create the traditional. Situating

ourselves firmly in the present, tradition describes not just that which is transmitted through the generations but specifically that which is made use of and shaped by the contemporary moment. Tradition is not taken to be the cradling of the heirloom as its contemporary moment recedes from view. But rather the putting to use that which has been inherited, and its shaping by the contemporary moment to be passed on again.

PRESENT

The preservation of the living city of Georgetown must be aligned with continuity. We address Georgetown as the perpetual rather than the static and oppose the possibility of the current moment, that in which Georgetown is formally addressed as a body of heritage, as becoming a stagnating force upon the built fabric of George Town.

FUTURE

Internationally agreed terms upon which conservation is practiced hold that all additions to a historic fabric should be reversible. Keeping this proposition in mind, we do not take for granted the permanence of our intervention and in our addressing of materials and construction we ask how our intervention might sit benignly upon the temporal fabric.

Londone housetypology

Ethnical 1 is combined with European .

Chinese gable shape and functional detail such as the ceramic air vent

came to Georgetown seeking work, increased the use of ornamentation. A

to set themselves apart from the more transient immigrant groups who

Settled Chinese communities became increasingly affluent and, wishing

Early Straits Eclectic style

1890s - 1910s

roof tiles from Europe and India

tive carving and adopted terrocotta

Chinese artisans to produce decora-

settled in Georgetown they employed

1840s - 1900s As communities from Southern China

Southern Chinese Eclecticic style

timber building.

precedent in traditional Chinese

and beam construction with its

suggestion of the Chinese column

flammable materials, there is a

ing British regulations regarding

1800 Though clay bricks are used follow-

Early Penang style

1700

Geoge Town house typology

House size and type Evolution

Wide glazed windows create the need for

of a cantilever construction.

aries, are lost from the five foot way in favour

and columns, previously marking individual bound-

shading fins. New, mass produced materials prevail

revival.

tic are the rejection of ornament, and historical

International Style to the shophouse. Characteris-

Architects educated abroad seek to apply the

1950s - 1970s Early Modernism style

archaeological discovery.

imagery from all continents as popularised by contemporary

still made room for eclecticism and romanticism, drawing on

Though suggestive of a modern machine aesthetic such style

obtainable style.

with luxury. Cinema quickly spread this aspirational yet

ally through the art deco aesthetic of technology combined

Prosperity, progress and modernity were evoked internation-

Art Deco style

1930s - 1960s

pronounced soffits draw on Chinese and European motifs

ing columns and scrolled brackets and plaster relief on columns while

Further features of neo-classical language are articulated in project-

Full length windows emphasise the first storey in the European manner.

Late Straits Eclectic style

1910s - 1940s

Material§

Tree The traditional Malay House found in the village or ‘kampong’ is of a timber post and lintel construction with timber or bamboo walls and a thatched roof of attap, a local palm. The house is raised on stilts, providing a semi-private area beneath while lifting the house clear of potential flooding. An abundance of forest materials allowed for the building of such houses and their continued adaptation via an established flexible building system.

‘Sustainable Timber Building in Malaysia.’

Location

Timber continues to suggest practical use in the buildings of Malaysia, given that it holds little heat and cools adequately at night. Developments in timber construction materials, namely timber panel, now makes timber a viable option for high density urban building, offering an acceptable degree of fire protection and resistance to water vapour diffusion.

Spirit

ShopHouse, Block and Density These sketches show initial analysis of climatic behaviour in key features of the shop house. These features are shared with the vernacular Malaysian house. Features observed are the jack roof, which permits ventilation via the space beneath the secondary roof structure; the pitched roof which affords shade from projecting eaves; and the low fenestration which creates cross ventilation at body height. In the traditional Malaysian kampong palms provide shade throughout the compound. The air well, which can be traced to the shophouses precedent in Southern China, creates an open interior space within the building. This provides ventilation and allows rain to fall on the granite base set at ground level. The water’s evaporation from this shallow granite basin further aids cooling.

|Climate studies|

The shophouse unit characteristically occupies a deep and narrow plot within the block. The relation of the type within the block is being rethought with a view to creating increased numbers of smaller units, as fitting with contemporary usage. Studies show the possible evolution of proportions to achieve this densification within the block.

Back yard

Shop House

Street

Shop House

|The type within the block|

The idea of the raised ground floor allows access to the central blocks and can be used for parking, markets, playing etc.

Individual stairs leading up to the private houses and flats

Minimun impact at street level Maximun height at the center of the block

The introduction of high cross walls ensures privacy of the courtyards and living areas Cantilevering pitched roofs which protect the windows from heavy rain and direct sunlight

The new tripartite arrangement allows for greater density of the block and affordable houses and flats

| Circulation |

| Houses |

| Maxium hight & Minium impact |

| Climate & Private |

| volumic test |

Proposed volumetric experience

The new shop-house applied to the site. The building heights follow the existing context. The proposal offers a robust and UNESCO compliant response to contemporary needs such as affordable housing, small-size flats for single persons and small families, parking space etc. The ground floor can be used for shops, markets or parking, or as shaded communal areas with public courtyards. Higher density can be achieved by three to five storey shop-houses which are set back from the street. Densely filled with potted plants the private courtyards offer at least one small oases for each house or building.

004

Penang + STREETWARE + Project George Town-UNESCO site

Reflectoscope

In the last few years many Asian cities have suffered from the pressures of urban speed, encapsulating their historic fabrics within real estate developments and shoppings genericness. Cotinuing the Unesco endeavor, we will concentrate our interests and material research on developing an intervention within the space inbetween. We consider capitalIzing on enhancing authenticity within the Penang:The common ground for locals and visitors, we propose a typological negotiation between the public and the private realm focusing on systematic thinking as a driver for architectural generation

Site study

Primary rd

When walking at street level, one realizes why Penang is truly the reflection of the many cultures that inhabit Asia. A melting pot of many the traditions and heritage of the far east, Penang still retains its own individual character. The colorful Chinese and Indian markets in Georgetown are specifically reflective of this coming together of cultures.

Primary rd

Penang as we saw it at street level, quickly became a colorless surface that reflected the many colors of its culture, conceptually, while retaining its own identity. We focused our studies in exploring little India. The first approach was site mapping in order to undertand movement, scale and activity.

Primary rd Primary rd

Primary rd

Penang - Street Life

Street life in George town Looking into statistical studies of the square meter usage of these protected sites, reveals that fashion and clothing as well as textiles take on the lead in the number of establishments per square foot. However, our colleagues from the Malaysian University USM argue that despite that fact, food and beverage should take the lead. Their argument is that these statistics are based on stable occupancy of commercial retail spaces, while most of the

streets

of Penang rely on ‘Hawkers’ to purchase cooked food. Hawkers are an Asian street food vendor staple. These nomadic, often illegal, mobile street vendors sell all kinds of cooked food that caters to the wide ethnic diversity of the area. An interesting cultural phenomena, the main characteristics of Hawkers is their nomadic, weather dependent state, and the need for shaded areas to protect from the elements.

Alleys in Urban Context A quick look at the maps supplied by the UNESCO world heritage foundation reveals the economic order of the fabric of George Town. Reading on the zoning laws as dictated by UNESCO, clarifies that the site is further divided onto different zones of varying levels of permission for intervention within the borders of the heritage preserved site. We decided to intervene with the infill spaces, the spaces in between. The sites where our intervention would be as passive as it is transparent and as reflective of its surrounding cultural references as it is a bold expression of a vibrant place.

Potential circulation path

P-fivefoot path

Potential circulation path

P-welcome P-croww road

1:3000

scale

1:3000

Colour as a reflection In man made enviroments, structural colors are found in soap bubbles. Soap bubbles are consistent of grease, water and soap molecules that have different densities that do not mix. That difference causes differentiation on the surface of the bubble, reflecting light at different screening filters, which at varying speeds appear to be of different colors to the human eye. In nature, a similar effect at a more scientific level is reflected in the phenomena of ‘Structural Colors’. Where layers of colorless, or white reflective material filter colors at different layers due to the varying density of that material. The Malagasy Jewel beetle is one clear example of that phenomena. Layers of Chitin fibre reflect light at deferent speeds due to the layering density of these materials. The result is a spectrum of colors that are a filtered variation of a readily available resource: sunlight. This phenomena is also found in layered feathers of peacocks, where beuatiful colored patterns emerge from the intricate positioning of each hair on the feathers, reflecting elaborate patterns. CD ROM’s also are a reflection for structural colors in the man-made environment. Layers of ridges at the micro scale reflect bouncing colors at what appears to be colors of the rainbow. CD’s quickly became an interesting medium to experiment with due to their redundancy and wide availability. Most media that used to come in the form of a CD is now replaced by soft alternatives to store it. A lot of this media is stored on the web, or streamed directly from websites. The idea of recycling abandoned CD ‘s to make use of their light reflecting properties, quickly became the subject of our investigation. It made sense within the brief to use this material as a transparent, widely available and recyclable component system, that assembles to a continuos, scaly surface.

Material experiment

Componant experiment

Culture of Patterns

Moment 1

Moment 2

Moment 3

“Our intention is to build a 1mx1m standard block that would allow light into the CD layer and reflect that onto the tensile tent. By repeating that block, a pattern would emerge that would make for the overall surface of the canopy”

Material experiment

“The time needed to assemble those blocks was calculated to approximate the amount of time needed to assemble a structure that would span the entire street level.”

Orb III

Orb 0 O

Orb 0 I rb O

Orb 0

Orb I

Time taken : 20 minutes

Orb I

CD use in 1 block : 16

Time taken : 5 minutes

Orb I

CD use : 4

Orb III b II

b II

+n *

CD use in 4 blocks : 64 Time taken : 80 minutes

Orb III

Orb I

Orb 0 I rb O

Orb 0

Orb I

Orb III b II

b II

+n *

2 CD use in 1233 blocks : 4932 Time taken : 17 days 3 hours

Day and night The undulating surface of the CDs is contrasted by the linear surface of the tensile membranes. The undulation would also create differences in the intensity of the reflected light as it relates to the sun angles.

06:00

09:00

12:00

15:00

18:

6m 5m

3.5m

:00

We wanted the canopy to also act as a public space generator at night, so we tested artificial light conditions and how the reflections from that could vary within the structure of a tensile membrane surface.

21:00

24:00

03:00

06:00

THANK YOU

Thank you to Think City Fundacion Metropoli f AA for .............. Thank you to the following people for their involment and suppert of the programme: -Hamdan -Neil -Laurance -Surya -Veronica Ken Yeang Amna Emir xxxxxx 1 xxxxxxx 2 xxxxxxx 3 xxxx USM Nathalie Michel Spetial thanks to all the AA participants for all the hard work and enthusiam Christopher Pierce Judith Ryser Alice Yanghee Lee