Human Trafficking | Social Action Toolkit

SEX TRAFFICKING

SO C IA L A C T I O N T O O LKI T FROM INSPIRATION TO ACTION SOCIAL ACTION TOOKITS PRODUCED WITH PURPOSE

SEX TRAFFICKING SOCIAL ACTION TOOKITS PRODUCED WITH PURPOSE

“No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

- Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 4

Sex Trafficking is any sexual activity involving an individual in exchange for something of value, or promise thereof, to the child or another person or persons.

Trafficking women and children for sexual exploitation is the fastest growing criminal enterprise in the world, despite the fact that international law and the laws of 134 countries criminalize sex trafficking. (EqualityNow.org) • At least 20.9 million adults and children are bought and sold world wide into commercial sexual servitude, forced labor and bonded labor.

• About 2 million children are exploited every year in the global com mercial sex trade.

• Almost 6 in 10 identified trafficking survivors were trafficked for sexual exploitation.

Contrary to common thought assumptions Sex-trafficking is not just an issue faced abroad, cases of human trafficking have been reported in all 50 states. Although victims of human trafficking can be male or female, women and especially young girls are the majority of the victims that are subjected to Sex-trafficking as a result of gender inequality and exploitation built upon foundations of patriarchal structures across countries all over the world.

An estimated 98% of sex trafficking victims are women and girls and the vast majority of commercial sex “buyers” are men. (Nordic Model, EquityNow. com) Sex traffickers greatly target children because of their vulnerability as well as the market demand for young victims this is known as the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC). The Department of Justice estimates the most frequent age of entry into the commercial sex industry in the United States is 12–14 years old (www.usdoj.gov). 100,000–300,000 children are at risk for commercial sexual exploitation each year in the United States (Estes & Weiner, 2001) and without intervention 77% of prostituted girls go on to participate in adult prostitution. The death rate of these adult prostitutes is 40 times that of the national average of adult women.

Traffickers have been reported targeting their minor victims through telephone chat-lines, clubs, on the street, through friends, and at malls, as well as using girls to recruit other girls at schools and after-school programs.

Victims of trafficking are forced into various forms of commercial sexual exploitation including prostitution, pornography, stripping, live-sex shows, mail-order brides, military prostitution and sex tourism. Many organizations work in prevention and intervention for populations at risk of sex trafficking throughout the US. This toolkit was created because awareness is the seed toward creating change and it begins with you, get informed, get involved and take actions.

“Sex trafficking and mass rape should no more be seen as women’s issues than slavery was a black issue or the Holocaust was a Jewish issue. These are all humanitarian concerns, transcending any one race, gender, or creed.”

- Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn

WHAT CAN YOU DO ABOUT IT?

GET INFORMED “You may choose to look the other way but you can never say again that you did not know.”

-William Wilberforce

POLICY, AND LEGISLATION: SELECT FEDERAL LAWS RELEVANT TO CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING (Polaris Project): Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 was the first comprehensive federal act to combat human trafficking through measures of prevention, protection, and prosecution. It was reauthorized in 2003, 2005, and 2008. Under this statute, the crime of sex trafficking of children occurs when a person under 18 years of age is induced to engage in commercial sex. Penalties for this crime are as high as life imprisonment for the most severe cases.

Mann Act of 1910 makes it a felony to knowingly transport a person in interstate or foreign commerce for prostitution or any sexual activity for which a person can be charged with a criminal offense, or to persuade, induce, entice or coerce any person to travel across state lines to engage in prostitution or other immoral purposes, or attempt to do so.

The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO Act) passed in 1970, created new rules for admitting evidence of organized crime by creating a way to make a claim based on a “pattern,” defined as two occurrences of “racketeering activity,” which is defined as behavior that violates other specified laws, federal statutes or state laws.4 The Trafficking Victim Protection.

Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) allows “trafficking in persons” to be included in the definition of a “racketeering activity.”

GET INFORMED RESOURCES ON US PROGRAMS: Polaris Project National Human Trafficking Resource Center White House Council on Women and Girls US Department of Education Fact Sheet on Human Trafficking of Children in US US Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons US Department of Health and Human Services, Campaign to Rescue and Restore Victims of Human Trafficking

Department of Justice http://ovc.ncjrs.gov/topic.aspx?topicid=37 http://www.justice.gov/archive/olp/human_trafficking.htm Federal Bureau of Investigation, Investigative Programs, Crimes Against Children DHS Blue Campaign New York Safe Harbor Law FAQs

ARTICLES Sex Trafficking of Americans- The Girls Next Door -Vanity Fair “The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico”- National Study by Richard J. Estes and Neil Alan Weiner “New York Prevalence Study of Commercially Sexually Exploited Children”-OCFS-funded state-specific study is by contract research organization Westat “The Effects of Federal Legislation on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children” The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention “From Victim to Survivor, From Survivor to Leader“- WhitePaper Project documents the experiences of members at the Girls Educational Mentoring Services Program, how they viewed these experiences, what they felt they’d learned, and what they need to feel supported in their development.

Rachel Lloyd’s Letter to the Editor of the Daily News on Media’s Descriptions of CSEC and Domestic Trafficking Victims “Corporate Sponsored Pimping Plays Role in US Human Trafficking” (TheGrio.com)- Looking at Hip Hop and the glorification of Pimp Culture

GET INFORMED VIDEOS “Selling the Girl Next Door: CNN’s Amber Lyon Investigates Internet Child Sex Trafficking in America” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFRZ1NDR0Rc 21st Century Sex Slaves Documentary Human Trafficking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajbQVwbWRg0 “The Journey: A Short Film on Sex Trafficking” Richard Jobson and Emma Thompson and the Helen Bamber Foundation Pt 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KD1KO1CB8F8 Pt 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKJRLj-YoYc Back to Innocence | Jubilee Project short film on sex trafficking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBxC0KQm7LM Slavery 101 https://vimeo.com/14676960 “Modern Slavery”- Somaly Foundation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZTN0TbsRYA

RELATED FILMS/ DOCUMENTARIES Note: These films or movies may contain graphic language, sexual content, and violence. While they expose the truth about sex trafficking and modern-day slavery, they may not be appropriate for all audiences.

This is not a comprehensive list, we do not endorse the movies and films on this list.

FILMS FEATURED IN HOLLYWOOD FILM FESTIVAL 2014Noble (Stephen Bradley, 2014) Sold (Jeffery D. Brown, 2014)

OTHER FILMS Angels of the Sun (Rudi Lagemann, 2006) American Pimp (Albert Hughes, 1999) Anonymously Yours (Gayle Ferraro, 2002) Bangkok Girls (Jordan Clark, 2005) Born into Brothels: Calcutta’s Red Light Kids (Zana Briski, 2004) The Day My God Died (Andrew Levine, 2003) So Great a Violence: Prostitution, Trafficking, and the Global Sex Industry (Coalition Against the Trafficking in Women, 2000) China Dolls (Don Barnhart Jr, 2008) The Shanghai Hotel (Jerry Allen Davis, 2011) Dying to Leave (Chris Hilton, 2003) Freedom and Beyond (Peggy Callahan, 2006) Girl Trafficking (Manushi for Sustainable Development, 2004) Girls from Chaka Street (Antra Cilinska, 1998) Lilia4Ever (Lukas Moodysson, 2002) Tin Girls (Miguel Bardem, 2003) Very Young Girls (GEMS/ HBO, 2007) Taken (Pierre Morel, 2008) Trade (Marco Kreuzpaintner, 2007)

GET INFORMED BOOKS

STUDIES

Sold by Patricia McCormick

Estes, J. & Weiner, N.A. (2001).

The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada and Mexico.

Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide

by Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn Girls Like Us by Rachel Lloyd The Road of Lost Innocence by Somaly Mam Terrify No More: Young Girls Held Captive and the Daring Undercover Operation to Win Their Freedom by Gary A. Haugen and Gregg Hunter Not For Sale by David B. Bastone

WEB RESOURCES End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes (ECPAT USA) Prostitution Research and Education Website Coalition Against Trafficking of Women (CATW) Equality Now

Executive Summary (Of the U.S. National Study).

Philadelphia, PA Westat. (2007). New York Prevalence Study of Commercially Sexually Exploited Children.

New York: Gregg, Petta, Bernstein, Eisen & Quinn.

BLOGS CNN’s The Freedom Project Blog Human Trafficking Blog Free the Slaves BlogHuman Trafficking Center Blog

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“In this great land of the free we call it human trafficking. And so long as we don’t partake in the luxury, ignoring slavery is of no consequence. It is much easier to look away and ignore the victims. The person who ignores slavery justifies it by quickly deducting the victim is a willing participant hampered by misfortune.”

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-D’Andre Lampkin

ONE MINUTE ACTION

JOIN AN ANTI-HUMAN/SEX TRAFFICKING ORGANIZATION HERE ARE A FEW GREAT ORGANIZATIONS/ GROUPS YOU CAN CONNECT WITH: Stolen Youth.org End Trafficking Now (International) GEMS- Girls Educational Mentoring Services (USA) Love146 (USA/ EUROPE) MISSSEY- Motivating Inspiring Supporting and Serving Sexually Exploited Youth (International) Not for Sale (International) Polaris Project (USA) PreventHumanTrafficking.org – PHT (USA/ International)

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TWEET

In just one click you can spread the word through twitter. Use the popular hash-tags: #stophumantrafficking, #stopsextrafficking, #unitedtoendslavery, #endslavery, #notforsale, #stoptraffickingNOW

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DONATE TO AN ANTI- HUMAN/SEX TRAFFICKING ORGANIZATION There are thousands of organizations across the country that are working to combat sex trafficking all over the world in different ways. These organizations depend on the donations of people: 85% of funding for non-profits comes from individuals. Whether you can give $5 or $500, it is a valuable action to contribute your money to make sure that this organizing, educating, and mobilizing continues. Think about the work that you find most inspiring. Do you think national or local work is more important? Legal strategies? Education? Mobilization? Policy change? • Make a gift. Write a check. Put it on your credit card. Sign up as a monthly donor. Whatever you can give

will help them do their work more successfully.

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FIVE MINUTE ACTION

SPREAD THE WORD THROUGH ART Share images and videos on your Facebook page or (via other social media outlets) and write a message about why it is important to you to combat human/sex trafficking.

Art that focuses on spreading awareness of Human/Sex Trafficking: American’s Daughters Spoken Word Video Poetry- Polaris Project Art Works For Freedom Art Supporting Anti-Sex Trafficking compiled at- MbAbolitionists-

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SOCIAL MEDIA Write down your thoughts on sex trafficking and the ways to stop it. Send them to your friends, family, and organizations through Facebook and other social media.

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THIRTY MINUTE ACTION

BEGIN TO ENGAGE PEOPLE IN YOUR LIFE IN DIALOGUE ABOUT SEX TRAFFICKING It is tempting to separate ourselves from others who disagree with us on this or other gender/ sexuality justice matters. It can be painful to know that someone you know or care about holds views that you know to be biased. However, as someone committed to the human rights of all, a powerful way to create change is to engage others in dialogue, to see talking about an issue like human/sex trafficking with them as our responsibility. Think back to how your analysis and perspective were shaped: Listen well to what the other person is saying, and why they see things the way that they do.

Ask questions to help clarify.

Withhold judgement. The goal is to move them forward, not to prove something about yourself.

How did the people in your life move you through dialogue? When was it about the presentation of facts that you didn’t know, and when was it about shifting a framework, asking questions, or a deeper connection?

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The following are some suggestions for how to respond to conclusions others often have around the myths of Sex Trafficking Victims. The goal is not to read these as a script, feel free to modify as makes sense for your conversations and life. We also included some questions that spark deeper conversations:

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Comment/ Myth: “Those Women/Girls make a choice to be apart of the Sex Trade” Response: “There are many ways girls and women get into the Sex Trade. Sex Trafficking is forced sexual activity that someone else gains from- there is a lot of information that you can read about the ways individuals are pulled into the Sex trade forcibly around the world. And at least 20.9 million adults and children are bought and sold worldwide forced against their will into commercial sexual servitude, forced labor and bonded labor and 98% are made up of women and children at an average of 13 years old.”

Discussion Question: How can we begin to be more aware of the way Sex Trafficking is an issue that affects our youth, and how can we make them more aware of these risks?

Comment/ Myth: “Children in the Sex Industry are “bad kids” Response: “There are many societal factors that force these youth into the sex trade, sexual exploitation influences much of their pop culture. This amongst other factors of trauma and insecurity will play a part in ALL youth being vulnerable. Often run away teens who have been molested and sexually violated at home- run away and are forced into selling themselves by pimps and traffickers. Traffickers have been reported targeting their minor victims through telephone chat-lines, clubs, on the street, through friends, and at malls, as well as using girls to recruit other girls at schools and after-school program” Discussion Question: How can we become more compassionate and understanding of the surroundings that younger generations live in, which expose them to vulnerability to Sex Exploitation?

Comment/ Myth “Individuals in the commercial sex industry like to have lots of sex.

Response: “There is a difference between sex for pleasure and when it is forcibly inflicted on someone. Sexual rights are important to have conversations about, and you should take a look at where you get that idea from. The media and pop culture may make it seem like Sex work is glamorous, but the conditions in which many are forced into it and are held captive into that trade are unfit for any human being. The most common methods are violent and include threats to the girl’s family members as well.”

Comment/ Myth “I bet those women and girls make a lot of money in the commercial sex industry. The sex industry looks glamorous.”

Response: “Most or all of the money made in these sexual transactions go to the individuals who are pimping them. Often it is to pay off a debt that is established prior “debt bondage.”. The glamour that we see in the media does not reflect the amount of abuse and trauma that these individuals are put through. They are often held captive and brutalized mentally, physically and emotionally.”

Discussion question: “How else do you think the media influences our perceptions of Sex and the Sex Trade?”

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Comment/ Myth “Sex-Trafficking only happens abroad, in Asia and Europe it’s not a problem in the U.S.” Response: “Sex-trafficking has been reported in all 50 states. And its a fact that 100,000- 300,000 women and children are trafficked in the US every year. This is a human rights issue that is important to be aware of all over the world.”

Discussion Question: “What are ways to get our local and state governments to become more aware and prevent these types of exploitations from continuing and escalating?”

Comment: “Well, it’s too bad about all of those women and girls, but what does it have to do with me?”

Response: “Sex Trafficking and Anti-Trafficking is a threat to our basic freedoms, including the right to live in a peaceful society governed by the rule of law. We need to stand up for human justice and freedom, in public ways. Human Trafficking is modern day slavery.”

Discussion Question: “What do you think could make the legal system work for all people and protect us from this type of exploitation taking place?”

Comment: “But what can I do about it? I’m just one person.”

Response: In American history, individuals coming together have made real changes- in NYC the Safe Harbor Act for Exploited Children was passed which would create a continuum of services to meet the needs of New York’s sexually exploited children, the abolition of slavery was something fought for and won, but yet it continues, how do we keep to these legislations and hold our government to them? Things don’t change without attention, pressure and mobilization. The Anti-human/sex trafficking toolkit suggests actions ranging from one-minute to one-hour and beyond.

Discussion Question: “What can we do today to engage more people more deeply?”

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SIXTY MINUTE ACTION

WRITE

Do some writing- reflections, articles, letters to editors, local officials or online comments Here are some expressive writing prompts: The issue of human/ sex trafficking matters to me because…

I am standing up and raising my voice to say enough is enough because…

Slavery still exists in the United States even though we fought to abolish it centuries ago, I believe that all people are deserved freedom, body, mind and spirit and I work to fight for that by…

You can also write a formal letter to the editor of your local paper about human trafficking in your community.

And you can meet with and/or write to your local, state, and federal government representatives to let them know that you care about combating human trafficking in your community, and ask what they are doing to address human trafficking in your area.

“If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground. They want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters. This struggle may be a moral one; or it may be a physical one; or it may be both moral and physical; but it must be a struggle. Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will.”

- Frederick Douglass

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TAKE A DAY OFF YOUR USUAL GRIND AND SPEND A FEW HOURS IN THE STREET! For any action, meeting, or in-person event please take pictures or a short video and upload it to your social media pages Go to a local action: There will be ongoing actions, check here for updates.

See if there is a local action near you and go with some friends.

The following sites keep up to date actions that are taking place around the world: http://www.equalitynow.org/actions Make some signs to get your message out. Great messages to use: “Stop Modern Day Slavery” “Not for Sale” “Bodies are not Commodities” “End Human Trafficking” “She Could Be Your (Mother, Daughter, Sister…. Etc)” At the action: Engage with others. Talk to them about why they are there and whether they’re involved with local anti- human/sex trafficking organizations.

Use YouTube videos, a short movie, or an article on human/sex trafficking to spark conversation with people in your community.

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THREE PLUS HOUR ACTION

HOST A PARTY SCREENING OF A MOVIE ABOUT ANTI-HUMN/ SEX TRAFFICKING Like SOLD or Noble at your home: Some Conversation Questions for SOLD: • What was the entry way for Lakshmi into the life that she lead? How might this pathway look different for a young

girl in the US? • Often we think on Pimps as a certain stereotype, particularly of men? How does SOLD look at the power roles and dynamics that women also play in Sex-trafficking?

• What were key ways that the Sex-trafficked victims in this film held captive, how can we look at captivity not only in physical ways, but also mental and emotional?

Some Conversation Questions for Noble: • How were the risks and affects of vulnerability connected to home life and living environment for entrance into the

Human-Trafficking industry addressed in Noble, particularly for young children? How would this look in the US? • How can we look at the multiple entryways that lead one into becoming victim of trafficking and pinpoint where we must work to make change before trafficking ever occurs?

• How do we begin to look at the universal rights of children across the globe and work to protect them from exploitation and risk of abuse?

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights UNICEF (Convention of the Rights of a Child)

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ONGOING ONGOING ACTION

TAKE PART IN A DIRECT ACTION OR CREATE A ANTI-SEX TRAFFICKING CAMPAIGN ACTION EXAMPLES:

Prostitution Flash Mob in Red Light District, Amsterdam- Stopthetraffik.org

CAMPAIGN EXAMPLES : #TaughtNotTrafficked, ChildReach International Campaign Video The World for Girls Campaign- GEMS (Girls Educational Mentoring Services Program) Campaign Video Change your Profile and Cover Photo A21 Campaign “Bodies are Not Commodities” Curriculum Curriculum can be found Here: ‘Journey’ Exhibition- Emma Thompson About the Exhibition Video Against Our Will Video Campaign- MTV U

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JOIN A LOCAL ORGANIZATION OR GET YOUR ORGANIZATIONS AND SCHOOLS TO GET INVOLVED Look to the previous list of larger scale organizations and do your research of organizations working against Human/Sex Trafficking locally.

Parents: Encourage your local schools to partner with students and include the issue of modern day slavery in their curriculum by reading the novel SOLD by Patricia McCormick and showing the film SOLD. As a parent, educator, or school administrator, be aware of how traffickers target school-aged children and help young people to be aware of the dangers and signs of how traffickers and pimps work.

Students: Take action on your campus. Join or establish a university or secondary school club to raise awareness about human trafficking and initiate action throughout your local community. Consider doing one of your research papers on a topic concerning human trafficking.

Professors: Request that human trafficking be an issue included in university curriculum. Increase scholarship about human trafficking by publishing an article, teaching a class, or hosting a symposium.

Religious Congregations/Rotary Club Members: Get your church, synogugue, mosque to show SOLD as a fundraiser for an organization which works locally and internationally. Split the funds raised between these organizations.

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REPORT TRAFFICKING

ANYONE CAN REPORT SUSPECTED TRAFFICKING CASES.

1-888-373-7888 or text BeFree (233733) http://www.polarisproject.org/what-we-do/national-human-trafficking-hotline/report-a-tip If the victim is under 18, U.S. professionals who work in law enforcement, healthcare, social care, mental health, and education are mandated to report such cases. Through a grass-roots community-wide effort and public awareness campaign, more professionals on the front line can readily identify the trafficking victim and have him/her treated accordingly. And Human Trafficking awareness trainings can be attended (look to this site for information: http://www.state.gov/j/tip/training/index.htm).

A Comprehensive Trafficking Assessment can be found at the Polaris Project webpage.

(The Following is from HumanTrafficking.org) Visible Indicators of Trafficking

Visible Indicators May Include: • Heavy security at the commercial establishment including barred windows, locked doors, isolated location, electronic surveillance. Women are never seen leaving the premises unless escorted.

• Victims live at the same premises as the brothel or work site or are driven between quarters and “work” by a guard. For labor trafficking, victims are often prohibited from leaving the work site, which may look like a guarded compound from the outside.

• Victims are kept under surveillance when taken to a doctor, hospital or clinic for treatment; trafficker may act as a translator.

• High foot traffic especially for brothels where there may be trafficked women indicated often by a stream of men arriving and leaving the premises.

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Trafficking victims are kept in bondage through a combination of fear, intimidation, abuse, and psychological controls. While each victim will have a different experience, they share common threads that may signify a life of indentured servitude.

Trafficking victims live a life marked by abuse, betrayal of their basic human rights, and control under their trafficker. The following indicators in and of themselves may not be enough to meet the legal standard for trafficking, but they indicate that a victim is controlled by someone else and, accordingly, the situation should be further investigated.

Profile of a Trafficked Person

What Is the Profile of a Trafficking Victim?

Most trafficking victims will not readily volunteer information about their status because of fear and abuse they have suffered at the hands of their trafficker. They may also be reluctant to come forward with information from despair, discouragement, and a sense that there are no viable options to escape their situation. Even if pressed, they may not identify themselves as someone held in bondage for fear of retribution to themselves or family members. However, there are indicators that often point to a person held in a slavery condition. They include: Health Characteristics of a Trafficked Person: Trafficked individuals may be treated as disposable possessions without much attention given to their mental or physical health. Accordingly, some of the health problems that may be evident in a victim include: • • • • • •

Malnutrition, dehydration or poor personal hygiene Sexually transmitted diseases Signs of rape or sexual abuse Bruising, broken bones, or other signs of untreated medical problems Critical illnesses including diabetes, cancer or heart disease Post-traumatic stress or psychological disorders

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Other Important Signs: In addition to some of the obvious physical and mental indicators of trafficking, there are other signs that an individual is being controlled by someone else. Red flags should go up for police or aid workers who notice any of the following during an intake. The individual: • Does not hold his/her own identity or travel documents • Suffers from verbal or psychological abuse designed to intimidate, degrade and frighten the individual • Has a trafficker or pimp who controls all the money, victim will have very little or no pocket money

Questions to ask if you suspect you are in the presence of a trafficking victim

Screening Questions Is the person free to leave the work site?

Is the person physically, sexually or psychologically abused?

Does the person have a passport or valid I.D. card and is he/she in possession of such documents?

What is the pay and conditions of employment?

Does the person live at home or at/near the work site?

How did the individual arrive to this destination if the suspected victim is a foreign national?

Has the person or a family member of this person been threatened?

Does the person fear that something bad will happen to him or her, or to a family member, if he/she leaves the job?

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SEX TRAFFICKING

SO C IA L A C T I O N T O O LKI T FROM INSPIRATION TO ACTION SOCIAL ACTION TOOKITS PRODUCED WITH PURPOSE