SEDUCTION
an architectural investigation
A l l i s o n B a k e r u n d e rg ra d u at e t h e s i s 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6
CONTENTS Overview Gallery Site: Path vs. Node Concealing vs. Revealing nuentia or s no ed ments
5 9 23 49
3
4
OVERVIEW
5
CONCEPT t s a ind o sedu tion ettin
oya e o dis o ery ire tion o rantin reedom eter umt or tmos eres
at dra s us to and t rou a s a e o does ar ite ture sedu e us i ue our uriosity n ite us to stay e t esis ar ite ture on ea in studied on
i in esti ate met ods t at reate an o sedu tion o usin on on e ts o s re ea in e ements and at s node urrent y
path vs. node: subt e uidin e ements are interru ted by noda inter entions sedu in t e isitor amon st t e ar ite tura e ements t at res e ti e y on ea re ea and s i t sensory er e tion concealing vs. revealing: i t te ture and isua ers e ti e are onsidered isua y a ti a y and tem ora y a on t e s atia ro ession so t at t e bui din on ea s and re ea s itse bot as a o e and amon its onstituent arts reatin an ar ite ture o sedu tion
n ar ite ture o sedu tion is reated t rou a om osition o e ements t at on ea and re ea ea ot er reatin a set o re ations i s it at s and nodes amon t em is an be done at t e site s a e as ar er masses intera t it t e site or at t e s a e o a detai su as en i t asses o er a a te ture ese noda moments ei ten attention and en a e t e senses ďŹ rst isua y t en ot er ise e initia dis o ery and ana ysis o a earan e mo es us to in esti ate a s a e ysi a y em oyin t e ot er senses with greater awareness. 6
SEDUCTION PATH vs. NODE
bui din is a node at the larger site scale as it is an enterab e entity in its ity t may be ome an orientin de i e or a e o ause a on a ar er ourney
r ite ture res onds to t e e istin at s o its site and by its e isten e reates a ysi a at o its o n as e as an im ied at o a roa and entry.
building as node
building as path
CONCEALING vs. REVEALING bui din s sitin strate y an u y re ea or on ea it u on t e a roa Blending these strategies reates a sense o intri ue rom t e at siting terin isua ers e ti es a on t e a roa engages the visitor and i ues interest as di erent ie s and ar ite tura e ements are discovered.
ou is t e most ysi a y intimate o t e senses et er it is in t e orm o a and runnin a on a rai t e ba eanin on a seat or t e oot stri in t e oor
isua stimu ation is t e ďŹ rst sensory intera tion it ar ite ture an es in i t an a ter ere tions o a s a e and re ea ne ua ities ie shadows conceal others.
tactility
light
visual perspective
THE THESIS: seduction along a path by concealing and revealing nodal sensory phenomena 7
8
GALLERY
9
GALLERY e a ery s a e sits in bet een t e t o main oints o a ess to t e is and t is desi ned around a i t s a t t at asts ra in sun i t a ross a rou on rete sur a e e e erien e be ins it isua onta t it t e o ori onta a ery s a e artia y obs ured by o ia e and t e ta on rete i t s a t ee in out abo e t e trees ter assin t e i t s a t on t e e istin at a s o y des endin ram an es ent y a ay in itin assersby to in esti ate e ram eads into t e main a ery s a e ined it on rete so smoot it s o s ree tions o i t and materia i used i t asses t rou s y i ts a on t e a to ast a so t o o er art ie es and isitors a ay do n t e a ery a s i e in t e t i on rete a re ea s a im se into t e i t s a t but it is not a essib e unti omin to a se ond o enin art er do n t e a ery en t e isitor turns o o t e on strai t a ery at and is dra n t rou an interstitia s a e ďŹ na y into t e i t s a t an art ie e in itse and a a e to ree t
10
11
e artia y on ea ed a ery dra s isitors onto Bro n s s and and im ies a at o tra e 12
t 5th S
t gar S
e Tred
32 0 ft
128 64
Brown’s Island - Richmond, VA
13
A
B
STORAGE
MECHANICAL
B
A
5 0 ft
Gallery Plan
14
20 10
30
A
B
B
A
5 0 ft
20 10
30
Gallery Site Plan
15
8 0 ft
16
16
Gallery Section B-B
4 0 ft
8
Gallery Section A-A
17
night render
t ni t t e i t s a t and s y i t be ome bea ons in t e ands a e announ in t e resen e o t e a ery 18
render
o in amon t e masses more ear y re ea s t eir re ations i uides mo ement and enti es urt er ysi a in esti ation
19
at
2: access
2
3
20
3: destination
21
22
SITE: PATH vs. NODE
23
SITE: PATH vs. NODE s an e er ise in t e estab is ed t esis on e ts Bro n s s and as osen as t e site or in esti ation Bro n s s and is a edestrian a ess is and on t e ames i er in i mond sma ana bounds t e nort side o t e is and i e t e ri er and an e e ated rai road border it to t e sout s uare oot area on t e est end o t e is and ser es many ub i uses and is t e main area o o us Brown’s Island is a node in the city; a destination to be explored. e is and an be a essed by edestrians ia si ootbrid es rom t e nort or a roa ed by tra e in t e ames i er i e ine rai a on t e ater rom t e east t is e no n to o a residents but on ea ed enou to be a e ome dis o ery to isitors t is a rime o ation or ub i use it is it in a fi e minute a rom t e rede ar i i ar useum a fi e minute a rom mu ti e ote s and a ten minute a rom t e o nto n and a ito distri ts s art o t e ames i er ar ystem it o ers many o ortunities or re reation t osts many outdoor e ents ar e and sma ran in rom s oo fie d tri s to t e annua i mond o esti a ts trai s ser e as bi in and o in at s and are dotted it istori a s u tures These paths will provide a framework within which nodes will be placed and nodal qualities and relationships will be tested. n t e o o in se tion Bro n s s and is ana y ed in terms o at s node site and isua ers e ti e
building as path
24
building as node
siting
visual perspective
to
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Capitol District
10
Downtown
th
St
ay
12 th
St
Gambles Hill
13
th
St
Kanawha Plaza
Shockoe Slip
Virg in
ia St
Brown’s Island
Pipelin e
0 ft
400 200
1000 600 ge
100
Trail
M
an
ch
es
te
rB
rid
Richmond, VA
James River 25
FIVE ELEMENT ANALYSIS:
Bro n s s and and t e surroundin area ana y ed t rou
PATH PATH PATHPATHPATH
yn
s fi e e ements
NODE
Channel of movement
NODE NODENODE NODE
Commonality of elements
Channel of movement Commonality of elements ChannelChannel of movement Channel of movement of movement Commonality Commonality of Commonality elements of elements of elements street | walkway | transit line | canal | railroad quality | | material use | facade street | walkway | transit line | canal | railroad spatial quality | spatial use | facade | light | material | light street | street walkway |street walkway | transit | walkway |line transit | canal | line transit || canal railroad line | | canal railroad | railroad spatial quality spatial spatial quality | use | quality |facade use | | facade | use material | facade | material | light | material | light | light paths are: Dominate cityDominate image: city image: Important pathsImportant are: Dominate Dominate city image: Dominate city image: city image: Important Important paths Important are: paths are: paths are: accessible | visible | near landmarks People city while People observe the observe city whilethe moving on its moving on its accessible | visible | near landmarks paths People People observe People observe the city observe the while citythe moving while city moving while on its moving on its on itsaccessible accessible | visible accessible | |visible near| landmarks visible | near landmarks | near landmarks paths Alignment paths paths paths Alignment to larger system:to larger system: elements generally aligned to paths Alignment Alignment to larger Alignment tosystem: larger tosystem: larger system: City elementsCity generally aligned to paths City elements City elements generally City elements generally aligned generally aligned to paths aligned to pathsto paths parallel || perpendicular | unaligned parallel | perpendicular unaligned parallel parallel | perpendicular parallel | perpendicular | perpendicular | unaligned | unaligned | unaligned May be directional May be directional May be May directional beMay directional be directional Path + Path = Junction point of decision point of decision Path + Path = Junction + Path Path=+Junction Path = + Junction Path point = Junction ofpoint decision ofpoint decision of decision Made functional by functional continuity of surface Made bytreading continuity of treadingPath surface Made functional Made functional Made by continuity functional by continuity ofby treading continuity of treading surface of treading surfacesurface
Enterable strategic Enterable points in a strategic city; foci for travelers become symbol or core of a district points in for a city; fociCan forCan travelers Can become symbol or core of a district Enterable Enterable strategic Enterable strategic pointsstrategic inpoints a city;in points foci a city; forintravelers foci a city; forfoci travelers travelers Can become become symbol Can become symbol or coresymbol of or acore district or ofcore a district of a district junction | transportation break | plaza | convergence Junction: | transportation break | plaza | convergence junctionjunction | transportation junction | transportation |junction break transportation | plaza break | |convergence break plaza | convergence plaza | convergence Junction: Junction: Junction: Junction: Concentration of use or physical character Point of reference along journey ofcharacter use orcharacter physical character Pointjourney of reference Concentration Concentration Concentration of use orofConcentration physical use or of physical use character or physical Point of Point reference ofPoint reference along of reference journey along along journeyalong journey Become memorable when given a form Heighten attention: a decision must be made Become memorable when given a formHeighten Heighten attention: a decision BecomeBecome memorable Become memorable when memorable given when a given form whenagiven form a form Heighten attention: Heighten attention: a decision attention: a decision musta be decision must made bemust made be made must be made
EDGE DGE EDGEEDGE EDGE
DISTRICT DISTRICT DISTRICT DISTRICT DISTRICT
LANDMARK LANDMARK LANDMARK LANDMARK LANDMARK
Linear element not traveled upon near element Linear element Linear not traveled element not traveled upon not traveled upon upon
Medium to large sections of the city MediumMedium to large Medium to sections largetosections of large the sections city of the city of the city
Physical object as a point of reference PhysicalPhysical objectPhysical as object a point as object of a point reference as aofpoint reference of reference
Linear element not traveled upon shores | railroad | wall | elevated roadway | seam shores | shores railroad|shores railroad | wall | elevated railroad | wall | elevated | roadway wall | elevated roadway | seamroadway | seam | seam shores | railroad | wall | elevated roadway | seam Strongest edges are:
rongest Strongest edges Strongest are: edges are: edges are:
Strongest edges are:
visually prominent | continuous | impermeable | seen in entirety visually prominent visuallyvisually prominent | continuous prominent | continuous | impermeable | continuous | impermeable | impermeable seen in| entirety seen in| seen entirety in entirety
visually prominent | continuous | impermeable | seen in entirety
Seams can attract visitors from both adjacent areas as a node ams can Seams attract can Seams visitors attract canfrom visitors attract both visitors from adjacent both from adjacent areas both as adjacent areas a node asareas a node as a node Seams can attract visitors from both adjacent areas as a node
Medium to large sections of the city Two-dimensional concept Two-dimensional Two-dimensional Two-dimensional conceptconcept concept Two-dimensional concept Boundaries may be definite or fluid Boundaries Boundaries may Boundaries be may definite bemay definite or fluid be definite or fluidor fluid Boundaries may be definite or fluid
Physical object as a point of reference
May be distant or local point of reference May be May distant beMay or distant local be distant or point local ofor point reference localofpoint reference of reference
May be distant or local point of reference
Vary widely in scale Vary widely Varyinwidely scale Vary in widely scalein scale
Vary widely in scale clear form | singular | contrast from surroundings | spatially prominent clear form clear | singular form clear | singular form | contrast | singular | contrast from |surroundings contrast from surroundings from| surroundings spatially | spatially prominent | spatially prominent prominent Recognizable by common identifying character: thematic, social, physical Recognizable Recognizable by Recognizable common by common identifying by common identifying character: identifying character: thematic, character: thematic, social, thematic, physical social, physical social, physical clear form | singular | contrast from surroundings | spatially prominent Can mark a path, edge, district, or node Recognizable by common identifying character: thematic, social, physical Can mark Can a path, mark Can edge, a mark path,district, aedge, path,district, or edge, nodedistrict, or nodeor node texture | space | form | detail | symbol | building type | activity | inhabitants texture |texture space texture || form space| |detail |space form||symbol |detail form || detail symbol | building | symbol | building type | building activity type | |activity inhabitants type | activity | inhabitants | inhabitants Can mark a path, edge, district, or node Sequential series path texture | space | form | detail | symbol | building type | activity | inhabitants Sequential Sequential series Sequential series pathseries path path Capitol District Capitol District Capitol District Capitol District Sequential series path
Capitol Distric
Hotels Hotels Hotels
Hotels
Oregon Hill Oregon Hill Oregon Hill Oregon Hill
Oregon Hill Downtown Downtown Downtown Downtown Gambles Hill Gambles Hill GamblesGambles Hill Hill
Downtown
Capitol District
Downtown
Gambles Hill
Shockoe Shockoe Shockoe Shockoe Slip Slip Slip Slip
B Brow rowB B n’s Is wla n’s Is ro n Is rown’s Is land ’snd land land
Brow
n’s Is
26
Downtown Downtown Downtown Downtown
Capitol District Capitol District Capitol District Hotels Capitol District
land
Brown’s Island Brown’s Island Brown’s Brown’s Island Island Shockoe Slip
Brown’s Island
Hotels Capitol District
Oregon Hill
Downtown
Gambles Hill
Brow
n’s Is
land
Shockoe Slip
27
FIFTH STREET APPROACH e main a roa to ard Bro n s s and is a on t treet e street be ins a i ned it t e ity street rid s t e road mo es sout out o t e eart o t e ity it bends to ard Bro n s s and and t e site omes into ie e bendin road s i ts t e isua ers e ti e a on t e at o tra e reorientin t e isitor to ard t e edestrian at s on Bro n s s and
siting
28
visual perspective
building as node
St 5t h
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building buildingasasnode node
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5TH 5TH STREET STREETAPPROACH APPROACH siting
Ca n
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5TH STREET APPROACH
t.t. ararSS eg eg ed TrTerd Brown’s Island
Brown’s Brown’sIsland Island 100 0 ft
400 200
100 100 0 ft 0 ft
400 400 200 200
29
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Brown’s Island Brown’s Island 100 0 ft
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t. ar S
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32
400
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200
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Tredegar St . de Tre
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33
PIPELINE APPROACH se ondary a roa to Bro n s s and runs a on t e ames i er e ames i er i e ine rai asses underneat a raised rai road tra and o ers many o ortunities to ea e t e trai and s im ra t or imb on ro s entua y t e bui t i e ine trai ends and a t at is e t is a dirt trai under t e tra s is trai runs a on t e ri er unti it meets Bro n s s and re ardin t e ad enturous it an o en e anse to e ore
siting
34
visual perspective
building as node
he s
M an ch es
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Richmond, Richmond, VA VA 0 ft
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1000
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100 0 ft
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James River
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35
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te
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100 400 400
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ond, ond, Richmond, VA VA VA 36 0 ft
1000 1000 600 200
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th 12
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Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, VA VA VA 0 ft
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te rB rid M an ge M che an ste ch r es Bri d te r B ge rid ge
Brown’s Island Brown’s Brown’s Island Island
rd
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1000 1000 1000 600 600 100 200
James River
100 0 ft
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400 200
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James River James James River River
37
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chmond, ond, Richmond, VA 38 VA VA 0 ft
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100 0 ft
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James River James River James River
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St
al
Virg inia
wn
Ca n
St
12
th
Do
al
13th St
12
Ca n
13th St
St
St
St
12 th
rd
12 th
By
St
St
St
rd
12 th
th
By
th
St
St
rd
10
By
10
St ge rid
rid
rB te
M an ch es
te
rid rB te
M an ch es
M an ch es
rB
ge
Brown’s Island Brown’s Brown’s Island Island
r St degaTr edegar St
ge
10
Brown’s Island
t t St ar S ar S deg redeg Tre T
th
gar
de Tre
St
M
th
St
12
ain
St
M
Virg inia
St
St
ain
St
M
M
M St
ain
St
M
ain
St
rB
rid
ge
ge
Do
St
St
Do
Ca n
al
th 12
1
13th St
al
13th St
Ca n
St
wn
towDow wn n E nto tow xp wn nE res Ex xp sw pre res ay ss sw wa ay y
100
100 200
100 400 200
400 200 600
400 600 100
Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, VA VA VA 0 ft
1000
1000
V
1000
600 200
Virg inia
Virg inia
St
St
M an ch es
te
rid
ge
rB
rid
ste
M
M an ch es
an
te
rB
M Brown’s Island
ch e
te es ch an
Tredegar St Tredegar St Tredegar St
Brown’s Island Brown’s Island Brown’s Island
St
al
12 th
Ca n
13th St
St th
St
rB
rd
12
By
St
St
12 th
rd
St
St
By
th
rd
10
hS t
By
10 t
10
th
St
St t gar t ar TSrede ar S g e d deg Tre Tre
rid
ge
12
th
St
St
ain
0 ft
100 0 ft
100 200
0 ft
400 200 100
400 200
400
James River James River James River
39
SITING CONDITIONS
fully submerged
PATH/NODE RELATIONSHIP
on
partially submerged
ground level
raised
under
gallery combination
gallery combination
detour, under
40
adjacent
detour
extension
approach
POTENTIAL NODE LOCATIONS
41
SITE SELECTION ree areas o Bro n s s and ere onsidered or de e o ment o noda inter entions to sedu e isitors a on t e e istin at s to di erent areas o t e is and e t ree areas ere se e ted based on t e main entry oints o t e is and a site is u y or artia y isib e rom t e ot er t o reatin t e otentia to dra isitors around t e is and is reated isua onne tion im ies a at o mo ement a on i t e noda sensory enomena an be de e o ed ite sits bet een t e t o ar e ootbrid es and is isib e u on t e a roa rom bot dra in isitors to t e is and and ro idin a oint o interest ite is o ated bet een t o ad a ent at s on t e is and ere isitors tra e in a on t e ana arri e at t e main re reationa ortion o t e is and ite is o ated at a otentia onne tion oint bet een t e o un a ed end o t e i e ine rai and t e de e o ed trai s on Bro n s s and ter onsideration ite as de e o ed as a a ery s a e to dis ay tem orary e ibitions by ir inia artists desi ned as a detour o o t e e istin at
siting
42
visual perspective
building as path
building as node
t 5th S
t gar S
e Tred
2
32 0 ft
128 64
Brown’s Island - Richmond, VA
3 43
VISUAL CONNECTIONS: ie s bet een sites 5th St
gar St
Trede
SITE 3
BRIDGE TO SITE 1
SITE 3
id
br
SITE 1 TO 2
e to e
sit
to
sit
e
to site
site
e3
e
sit
to
sit
o
e2 t
sit
to
2
to
3
SITE 1 TO 3 0 ft
32
64
128
Brown’s Island - Richmond, VA
SITE 2 TO 1 44
SITE 2 TO 3
SITE 3 TO 2 SITE 1 TO 2
SITESITE 1 TO32TO 1 BRIDGE TO SITE 1
SITESITE 1 TO3 3TO 2
SITE 3 TO 2 SITESITE 2 TO3 1TO 1
45
CHOSEN SITE ie o site
46
rom is and entry to t e east
47
48
CONCEALING vs. REVEALING
49
CONCEALING vs. REVEALING e senses are onstant y ta in in in ormation but not ons ious y noti in e ery ie e an es or ombinations o i t ta ti ity and isua ers e ti e an a a en a areness o ar ite tura e ements t at may ot er ise o unnoti ed and in ite a uriosity a desire or intera tion e a ery em oys di erent on rete ďŹ nis es a on its at moot and rou on rete a s are situated beneat s y i ts t at a o natura i t to ra e a ross t eir sur a es re ea in te ture and in itin intera tion imi ar y ar ite tura de isions an ser e to dire t attention to some e ements and a ay rom ot er more neutra e ements e on y non on rete a s in t e a ery are a matte ite aster ďŹ nis t at be omes a neutra ser in on y to aim o us on t e on rete a s a on t e at o tra e ese a s as e as t e a ery s y i t s e s i t y to ard t e i t s a t and im y a at o tra e ese more subt e ues may o unnoti ed but are inte ra to t e er e tua oe
light
50
tactility
siting
visual perspective
TEXTURE STUDY ry i mo ds ere used to ast a materia studies smoot made it t e a ry i sur a es standard e osed to air simu atin standard orm or striated ayers o ta e simu ate board ormed on rete rou a re ate added to t e mi ture
51
SURFACE: tudyin
isua
an es in sur a e as aryin an es o i
smooth smooth smooth smooth
natural natural natural natural
smoot
made it t e a ry i sur a es
e smoot on rete sur a e be omes ree ti e and so t ree tin i t and in itin ysi a in esti ation due to its aty i a ua ities
52
t a a ross its te ture
standard natural natural natural natural
standard e
osed to air simu atin standard orm or
is standard on rete ta es orm or a air y smoot non te ture ty i a o oured on a earan e ma es it a neutra on rete te tures
t e te ture o its ree ti e ane ed rete ts e eryday amon t e ot er 53
striated striated striated striated striated
rough rough rough rough
striated ayers o ta e simu ate board ormed on rete is attern be omes inear and as onsidered or use as a dire tiona e ement but as assed o er in a or o t e ree ti e ua ity o t e smoot on rete
54
rough rough rough rough rough
rou
a
re ate added to t e mi ture
is rou te ture at es i t and asts s ado s t is t e o osite o t e smoot on rete yet a so in ites ysi a tou o er t e aried te ture e irre u arity in te ture ombined it its imited use and ontrast it t e smoot sur a es enerate a desire or onta t 55
LIGHT AND TEXTURE e rou and smoot on rete te tures ay o o ea ot er in t e t o un ed o enin s rom t e a ery s a e to t e i t s a t e first t in o enin on y a o s a s i e o a ie it disorientin refle tions o i t t at enti e e oration e se ond a essib e o enin a o s a more u ie it ear y arti u ated refle tions o t e i t em asi in t e ontrast bet een t e te tures o
2
56
at ri t osite a e
im se re ea
57
58
INFLUENTIAL WORKS Gaston Bachelard; The Poetics of Space ario Botta asa Bian i i a an ita e it er and ran es o a o Tadao Ando Complete Works Steven Holl; Parallax te en o u ani a asmaa berto re me Questions of Perception i oy Desert Works anie ibes ind e is useum Ber in ermany e in yn The Image of the City ristian orber u Genius Loci: The Spirit of Place u ani a asmaa The Eyes of the Skin Bernard s umi ar de a i ette aris ran e eter umt or Atmospheres eter umt or Exploring Architecture eter umt or unst aus Bre en Bre en ustria eter umt or erme a s a s it er and
59
60
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
an you to t e o e e o r ite ture and rban tudies or osterin su an in redib e atmos ere o reedom and se dis o ery an you to ea o my studio ro essors o er t e ast ďŹ e years ou a a en ed me in di erent ays and ame out o ea studio a in earned a ot about desi n and e en more about myse an you to im ones or a reein to ta e on bein my t esis ad isor and a o in me a ess to your antasti ersona ibrary ou ere ab e to us me ere needed to be us ed and ree me in ere needed to be ree ed in and am roud o at you e ed me a om is in t e end an you to anie and auren or a o t e isdom t at on y omes rom a in one t rou t is ro ess yourse es o e an be a as e u to someone e se as you bot ere to me an you to a o a stron su ort system
i or o e ti e y bein su et er dire t y or not
ost o a t an you to my arents or a o in me ase my dreams no matter o ar a ay rom ome am or o many oints s ore at is is an you or a ays bein t ere en t in s et tou or indu in in my desi n ee iness and or ne er te in me to be ess o or u
61
A l l i s o n B a k e r u n d e rg ra d u at e t h e s i s 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6