Asa phoenix vol 6 no 1 nov 1919

THE PHOENIX ,____ _ _ _ of ALPHA SIGMA ALPHA _ _ _ ___, MRs. WM. HoLMES MARTIN, Editor VoLUME VI

NOVEMBER, 1919

NuMBER 1

THE PHoENIX is published in November, January, March and May. Subscription price one dollar per year.

Application for entry as second路class matter at the postoffice at Richmond, Ind., pending.

NATIONAL COUNCIL

President-Mrs. Wm. Holmes Martin, N, ~ Cobden St., Roxbury, Mass.

Vice President-Ida A. Jewett, AB, 511 Bitt St., Columbia, Mo .

Secretary-Margaret Veil, AG, Scalp Level, Penn.

Treasurer-Ruth Duffey, AA, South Charleston, Ohio.

Registrar-Naomi Caldwell, DD, 路wapakoneta, Ohio.

Historian-Mrs. Charles M. Chenery, A, 311 S. Jefferson St., Petersburg, Va. Librarian--Mrs. Carl T. Brunson, BB, First Nat. Bank Bldg., Colorado Springs, Colo.

Ritualist-M innie Shockley, GG, 704 Church St., Alva, Okla.

BOARD OF ADVISERS

Alpha Alpha-Miss Martha Molyneaux, Oxford, Ohio.

Alpha -Beta-Miss Rosamond Root, Kirksville, Mo. Beta Beta-Miss Helen Payne, Greeley, Colo.

Gamma Gamma-Miss Minnie Shockley, Alva, Okla.

Delta Delta-Miss Elizabeth Garber, Athens, Ohio.

Epsilon Epsilon-Miss Catherine E. Strouse, Emporia, Kans.

Zeta Zeta-Miss Bess Carter, Warrensburg, Mo. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS

Alumnae-Helen Boggess, AA, 236 E. Madison, Springfield, 0.

Art-Grace E . Lyle, AB, Parkville ,Mo. Examinations-Grace G. Fultz, DD, 96 V\T. 5th St., Chillicothe, Ohio.

Extension-,--Dorothy Dakin, BB, Clayton, N. Mex. Music-Maude Barrigar, EE, Caldwell, Idaho.

Paraphernalia-Ruth Dempsey, AG, 1002 Linton St., Johnstown, Penn.

Scholarship-Frances Robertson, A, Blackstone, Va .

Sorority Study-Mrs. Leroy Cole, GG, 311 Eleventh St., Hutch, inson, Kans.

ALUMNAE SECRET ARIES :'\lpha Alpha-Ethel E. Pfeiffer, 3194 Hillside Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Alpha Beta-Claire D. McCallister, Milan, Mo. Alpha Gamma-Marth;J. Hill, 730 Horner St., Johnstown, Pa. Beta Beta-Ada A. Baker, 503 11th Ave., Greeley, Colo.

Gamma Gamma-Mrs. Frank G. Munson, College Hill, Alva, Okla.

Delta Delta-Naomi Caldwell, \tVapakoneta, Ohio.

Epsilon Epsilon-Nell Grant, 526 Union St., Emporia, Kans.

Zeta Zeta-Josephine D ixon, 616 W. Lexington St., Independence, Mo.

ASSOCIATION PRESIDENTS Chillicothe, Ohio-Alice Anderson, Chillicothe, Ohio.

Cincinnati, Ohio-Dorothy Clason, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Denver, Colo.-Edina, Mo.-Lettie Merrick, Edina, Mo. Greeley, Colo.-Mrs. George P. Woodbury, 1724 E leventh Ave., Hannibal, Mo.Independence, Mo.Johnstown, Penn.-Margaret Hummel, 600 Franklin St. Kirksville, Mo.-Mrs. Chas. A. Epperson, Kirksvile, Mo. Lima, Ohio-Catherine Arbogast, 502 W . High St. Moberly, Mo.-Louise Estill, Moberly, Mo. Pittsburgh, Pei:m.-Monna E lms, St. Margaret's Hospital, P ittsburgh, Penn.

Springfield, Ohio-Gail T rumbo, Springfield路, Ohio.

Unionville, Mo.-

CHAPTER ROLL A lpha Alpha-Miami Uni~ersity, Oxford, Ohio.

Alpha Beta-State Teachers' College, Kirksville, Mo. Beta Beta-State Teachers' College, Greeley, Colo.

Gamma Gamma-State Teachers' College, AlYa, Okla.

Delta Delta-Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.

Epsi lon Epsilon-State Teachers' Colleege, Emporia, Kans .

Zeta Zeta-State Teachers' College, Warrensburg, Mo.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor-in-Chief-Mrs. \tVm. Holmes Martin, 5 Cobden St., Roxbury, Mass.

Editorial Assistant-Elizabeth Uhe, Edina, Mo. Subscription Manager-Helen Boggess, 236 E . Madion St., Springfield, Ohio.

Chapter Historians

Alpha Alpha-Goldie V. Adams, 30 Hepburn Hall, Oxford, 0.

Alph a Beta-Jean McKinley, 502 South High St., Kirksville, Mo, Beta Beta-Anna Wheaton, 1118 Eighth Ave., Greeley, Colo.

Gamma Gamma-Edna Hockenberry, 715 Fourth St., Alva, Okla.

Delta Delta-Ada Haun, Lindley Hall, Athens, Ohio.

Epsilon Epsilon-Sarah H. Martin, 526 Union St., Emporia, Kans.

Zeta Zeta-Dorothy Hale, State Teachers' College, Warrensburg, Mo. ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATIONAL SORORITIES

president-Miss Ida A. Jewett, ASA, 511 Hitt St., Columbia, Mo. Secretary-Miss Inez Beattie, PKS, Alva, Okla.

Treasurer-Miss Maud Morris . DSE, Alva, Okla.

Adviser to Panhellenics-Mrs. A. J. Hathaway, SSS, Weiland, Ont.

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DEAN HUMPHREY DEAN HAMILTON

Miami DEAN

GILPIN-BROWN

Colorado

Kirksville .

DEAN

SHOCKLEY

Oklahoma DEAN KERR

Kansas

DEAN VoiGHT

Ohio DEAN

}ANNEY

Warrensburg

THE PHOENIX NOVEMBER,

1919

THE GODS REMEMBER

The Gods remember always . . 'vVe forget .

But they forget 路not; every debt, Howe'er 'we palter and evade, Maturing, must be paid.

They pity us , the Gods, but naught forgive, Lest 路we, who slowly learn to liveChildren scarce wiser in our age than youthShould come to doubt their truth !

Loving the brave, who 路strive and will not yield, Tho hurt and fallen on the field , They teach us not from death to fly , Lest we, indeed, should die!

For 'tis their will the soul shall rise Above its earthly agonies ; Triumphant ri se, as from the pyre A phoenix, winged with fire! , - Selected.

10

THE PHOENIX ALPHA SIGMA ALPHA

Alpha Sigma Alpha celebrated its eighteenth birthday on November 15, but on Thanksgiving Day it observed the fifth ~nniversary of the transformation that came to pass as a result of action by the Eighth National Convention, which met at Miami in 1914. It is eminently fitting, therefore, that some special notice should be taken at this time of the circumstances that led to the decision to change Alpha Sigma Alpha from a hybrid organization with a varied roll to one that should confine its operations to the teachers college field.

Alpha Sigma Alpha, founded November 15, 1901, at the Virginia State Normal School, was the last of four to claim that institution as a birthplace. The three others were Kappa Delta, organized in 1897, and Sigma Sigma Sigma and Zeta Tau Alpha, established in 1898. All four were originated with the very definite purpose in view of providing national sorority affiliation for Southern girls in good schools, and with the assured belief that there was a very definite need for such organizations in that :;ection of the -country.

The South had at this time many colleges for girls and many famous finishing schools, in most cases dating back to the early part of the nineteenth century, and it was but natural that the students in these institutions should want to belong to secret societies, just as did their brothers and boy friends. So it came to pass that many of these Southern schools had organizations to which no one could belong without invitation. Several of these societies later became famous. For instance, the Adelrhean Society, founded at Wesleyan Female College in 1851, was known eventually as Alpha Delta Pi, while its rival, the Philomathean Society, organized a year later in the same college, -ultimately became Phi Mu. There were many similar societies in different parts of the South, both before and after the Civil War, but, until the Virginia sororities were founded , there had been only one that had made any serious attempts toward expansion.

This was Delta Gamma, which was organized in 1874 at a boarding school for girls \ in Oxford, Miss., and; which established a number of Southern chapters, all of which had died, however, before 1885, but not before the so rority had made a place for itself in the colleges of the orth. At the time that the Vir-

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ginia sororities came into existence, there was only oae Southern organization for girls that was anything more than local, and that was but slightly known. lt may seem strange at first thought that groups at a normal school should have had the desire or the ambition to become national 路 organizations, but the Virginia institution was by far ;.he largest girls' school in the State, and then, too, it had an unusual setting. Virginia at the time was a strong fraternity center, as seven of its colleges for men had flourishing chapters.

(Jne of these colleges-vVilliam and Mary-had been the parent ~n 1776 of the first Greek-letter society, Phi Beta Kappa, now known from coast to coast as an honorary society. Another famous school, the V irginia Military Institute, had given birth to Alpha Tau O mega in 186 5, and to Sigma N u in 1869. The University of Virginia had also given two fraternities to the college world, P i Kappa A lpha in 1868 and Kappa Sigma in 1869, while WashiNgton and Lee had been the birthplace of Southern Kappa Alpha in 1865 . The girls in attendance at the Virginia State Normal School were in many cases the daughters and sisters of fraternity men, and had long been familiar with the fraternity idea. There are records to show that some of the V irg inia soro rities had th'e assistance of fraternity men in the building of rituals and constitutions.

Following the fraternity idea, all four of the Virginia sororities startecl: out most bravely to establish chapters, and all four met with success. Within ten years they had together established forty chapters, so the future looked bright. They ente(ed fini shing schools, seminaries, colleges, and finally several universities.

It was in the college field that they met their 路w aterloo, for here ~hey were forced to cross swo rds with strongly entrenched organizations that had been founded ma ny years before 111 Northern colleges, and that were banded together in an association that proclaimed them to be of collegiate rank. Since the Virginia sororities had seminaries and finishing sc~ools on their rolls. they were considered of inferior rank by such as carried nothing but colleges on their lists. To be so regarded meant that these Southern orders could not get the girls they wanted in competition wi th those claiming to be of colleg路iate rank. It was only a short time before the college chapters of the Virginia sororiti es were demanding either a release for themselves, or the dropping

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from the roll of all chapters in institutions that did not rank as colleges.

Zeta Tau Alpha decided in 1906 on the latter course. Sigma Sigma Sigma tried to temporize by promising its college chapters to enter no institution in the future that was not of collegiate rank, but, finding somewhat later that such growth was impossible, the sorority released its college chapters from their allegiance, and in 1911 turned its attention to the teachers college field, where it shortly made a place for itself. In this san-re year ~Zappa Delta decided to maintain a strictly collegiate roll, thus leaving only two of the original four in the Virginia State Normal School. Alpha Sigma Alpha was most reluctant to accept the new order of things, and not until its convention in 1912, when its college chapters demanded an honorable release, did the sorority realize that it was facing a crisis in its affairs.

By this date Alpha Sigma Alpha had established thirteen. chapters so that its roll read as follows: 1~)01

1903 1904 1905 1905 1905 1905 1908 1909 1909 1909 1910 1911

Virginia State Normal School Lewisburg (W.Va.) Seminary (1904) College for Women (Columbia, S. C.) (1909) Mary Baldwin Seminary (Staunton, Va.) ( 1908) Fauquier Institute (Warrenton, Va.) (1906) Fairmont Seminary (Washington, D. C.) (1906) \i\Tard Seminary (Nashville, Tenn.) (1909) Randolph-Macon Woman's College Brenau College St. Mary's School (Raleigh, N. C.) ( 1910) Mt. U/nion College Shorter College (Rome, Ga.) ( 1912) Hamilton School (\Vashington, D. C.) ( 1912 )

66 14 30 17 11 8

34 23 41

35 40 30 9

The chapters at Lewisburg, Columbia, Mary Baldwin, Fairmont, St. Mary's and Shorter were killed by anti-sorority rulings.

The chapters at Fauquier, 路ward ancli Hamilton died because the members of the previous year had failed to return to school.

The fate of Alpha Sigma Alpha was no different in this respect from that which overtook other Southern sororities at this time, fo r that section of the country was suddenly svvept by a strong 路,vaye of opposition to any organization that called itself secret.

Se,路eral Southern States legislated against fraternities and sorori-

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13

ties in the State-supported institutions, and the attendant agitation quite naturally resulted in similar action by the tru stees and faculties of private schools and colleges. By 1912, therefore, Alpha Sigma Alpha had but four chapters, three of them in colleges.

At the Convention of that year, the three collegiate chapters made it very clear to the Mother Chapter that they were working under a serious handicap, in that they could not secure the girls they desired, because their rivals, the Congress Sororities, had so much more to offer. Several solutions of the difficulty were saggested by the V irg inia Chapter, among theni a proposition to affiliate with another small Southern sorority. None of :路hese suggestions, however, were received with favor, the collegiate chapters insisting on an honorable release, in order that they might place petitions before the Congress orders of their choice. Such release was at length granted, but the three college chapters remained with the organization until accepted by two of the Congress Sororities. The chapter at Randolph-Macon Woman's College was admitted to Pi Beta Phi in 1913, while those at Brenau and Mt. U nion became affiliated with Delta Delta Delta in 1914.

In the meantime the Virginia chapter had been in correspondence with a local at the Teachers College of Miami U niversity, and had arranged for a charter grant. These two groups got in touch later with societies in several simi lar schools, in the hope of establishing a national sorority in the teachers college field.

This correspondence finally resulted in a called convention at Miami University during the Thanksgiving Recess of 1914.

This was in reality the eighth convention of the society, those previou s having been held at Richmond in 1905, Charleston in 1906, Ashevi lle in 1908, Natural Bridge in 1909, Baltimore in 1910, Lake Toxaway in 1911 , and Norfolk in 1912. The Miatni Convention, h~wever, was by far the most significa nt of all, since it changed entirely the constitution, the ritual, the symbols and the customs, and since it arranged that the organization should be conducted in accordance with the best Hellenic traditions.

The official delegates at the Miami Convention represented four groups, the Virginia Chapter, the Miami Chapter, which had been established earlier in the year, t)1e Kirksville Chapter uf the Kappa Theta Psi Sorority of Missouri. and a Pen n sylvan i<~

14

THE PHOENIX

wciety, known as Gamma Pi Beta, which had existed for a number of years in the State N om1al School at Indiana, Penn. All {our groups were considered associate founders of the new Alpha Sigma Alpha, and, in token thereof, to each w'as assigned the ktter Alpha as part of its name, in order that the foundation chapters might be forever distinguished from subsequent ones.

As soon as the new sorority became known to Hellas, it began to receive petitions from locals in various normal schools and teachers colleges. Not all petitions were considered路 favorably, but, in the five years after the Miami Convention, five petitions were granted. In nearly every case the local society had been long established. Beta Beta Chapter was installed in 1915 at Colorado State Teachers College, Greeley, Colo., from a local, Theta Zeta Beta, that was founded in 1909. Ganuna Gamma Chapter, established in 1915 at the Oklahoma State Normal School, Alva, Okla., was originally the Sorosis Oub, which began its existence in 1907. Delta Delta Chapter, installed in 1917, at the State Teachers College of Ohio University, Athens路, 0., was fonned from a group, Alpha Sigma Delta, that had been organized for the express purpose of petitioning Alpha Sigma Alpha.

Epsilon Epsilon, which was established in 1917 at the Kansas State Normal School, E1111poria, Kans., was known for eleven years previously as the Kappa Delta Theta Society. Zeta Zeta, installed in 1919 at the lVJissouri State Teachers College, Warre nsburg, Mo., had existed for several years as the XX Club.

The present intention of Alpha Sigma Alpha is to enter no institution that is not of the highest grade, to consider none where the faculty is not in sympathy with the sorority idea. Alpha Sigma Alpha has always demanded the highest standards of itself, and so it feels justified in refusing to enter any school that does not meet with its conception of what a training school for teachers should be. Since, moreover, Alpha Sigma Alpha knows that as an organization it is above reproach, in that its teachings are in harmony with all that is finest and best in civilization today, the Sorority will not enter any institution, unless assured of faculty approval, as otherwise it could not render the best service.

Although Alpha Sigma Alpha might be termed a secret organization by those unfamiliar with the work and purpose of similar ~ocieties among the college women of the country, in that it does not hold its meetings or its services in public, yet it is very frank

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15

about its aims. Alpha Sigma Alpha believes primarily in ;:. sound body as a dwelling place for a sane and vigorous mind.

Jt believes also in a wholesome and supervised social life, but more than all else does it stress the Christ ideals as the basic essentials for potential womanhood. As an organization for teachers, it emphasizes constantly the importance of unqualified Americanism. During the 'War its slogan was For Christ and Counf1路y, and its work for the Red Cross, together with its many other patriotic activities, showed n1.ost clearly that the Sorority not only possessed the machinery that could carry any undertaking to success, but also that it had what was of even greater importance, a membership imbued with the sacrificial spirit.

Such are the teachings of Alpha Sigma A lpha. Such are the things for which its symbols stand. To these great purposes is ~he Sorority dedicated.

To this great work does each member , consecrate herself when she enters the order. Alpha Sigma A lpha knows, therefore, that there can be no organization with finer ideals, none better fitted to aid in the training of those to 路w hom the country is to entrust its future, since the teachers of the land are the fashioners of the men and w0men of tomorrow.

For this very reason, then , Alpha Sigma Alpha is ready to enter any standa rd institution for the training of teachers, provided that the faculty attitude is what it should be, and provided that it can find a student body in sympathy with the ideals of the organization. Wherever, on the other hand, Alpha Sigma Alpha finds it impossible to convince any faculty of the importance of such additional training for its \/\'Omen students, the Sorority will refuse to enter. vVherever it may be already established, but learns that the faculty is not in sympathy with its expressed purposes, or that its group is not thoroughly in accord with the ideals for which it stands, the Sorority will withdraw its chapter. Such was its course, . when it dropped from its roll in 19119 its chapters in Pennsylvania and Virginia.

Alpha Sigma Alpha has much significant symbolism. The badge is a shield with four concave sides, the edges jeweled with sixteen crown set pearls, the black enameled center displaying a star, a crown, and the S'o rority letters. The pledge pin is simibrly shaped, but made of silver, with the letters embossed above c-. symbolic background. The recognition pin, which may be worn as a separate piece of jewelry, or as a guard for the regula-

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tion badge, is a small phoenix of silver or gold. The flag shows a crimson phoenix on an oblong field of pearl white. The coat-of-arms is a shield, quartered crimson and white, and bears a crimson phoenix rising from lam.b ent flames . The crest is a crown, and the riband carries in Greek, the open motto, Aspire, See!?, Attain. The colors are pearl white and crimson, palm green and gold. The jewels are the pearl and the ruby. The flowers are the aster and the narcissus. The tree is the palm .

The Great Exemplar is Christ. The patrons are King Asa, St. Valentine and Hermes. One of the most distinctive symbols of the Sorority, and one that has given its name to the society's magazine, is the phoenix, typical of the great transformation that came to pass in the character of the organization, and significant of the rebirth of the Sorority when new practices, new customs, new ideals and new aspirations arose from th e ashes of a dead past.

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ALPHA ALPHA CHAPTER To understand how Alpha Alpha Chapter came into being one must know sontething about the circumstances that led up to its establishment. To attain thi s knowledge one must go back several decades into Miami history, for otherwise one would not realize how naturally everything that has happened came to pass. For nearly three-quarters of a century Miarni has been known as the M othe1' of F1'atemit拢es, because three of the famous societies for college men originated here, Beta Theta Pi, Phi Delta Theta, and Sigma Chi. How Miami also became the 111 other of Sororities is an equally interesting story.

Fraternities have been at Miami since 1833, but sorority life is something of far more recent date, because women were not admitted to the University until 1887, and then rather informally for several years. Even after women did feel welcome, there was not a very large attendance until the fall of 1902, when O hio established a State Teachers College at Miami . In October of that year, however, there was such a large enrollment that some cf the girls conceived the idea of establishing a sorority, which they called Delta Zeta, but which was formed primarily for the purpose of petitioning some well-known National.

The following sp ring another group of girls started a society.

J.ts existence, however, was kept s1,tb rosa until the next college year when it appeared on the campus as Phi Tau. Both organizations proceeded to petition Nationals, but both failed to get the cnvet~d charter, principally because the sororities of their choice did not wish chapters in which there was a preponderance of two-year teachers college girls. How to get around this difficulty was a problem that puzzled the petitioners for some time, but they finally solved it in 1905 by deciding to unite the two existing societies unde r the name of Phi Tau, and resolving to take no students from the teachers college. Things seemed to be proceeding nicely for the petitioners, when suddenly some of the founders of Delta Zeta decided to establish their society on the campus again. This was in 1908. That ame year they started a chapter at Co rnell Unive rsity, and within two brief years they had six chapters. Since then the sorority has met with g-reat success. The r eturn of Delta Zeta, however, postponed ~路uccess for the P hi Tau petitioners, and it was not until 191 1

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1hat they finally succeeded in securing a charter from Delta Delta Delta. Cl1i Omega followed in 1912.

The entrance of these two large Nationals put an end to the hopes of the girls in the teachers college, because it was made very clear to them that such sororities as had had their birth in the colleges of liberal arts of large universities were not allowed to enter any teachers college, or to take girls in teachers colleges that might be associated with universities. When the women students in the teachers college came to a realization of the situation, they very promptly decided to form sororities of thetr own. One of these shortly got into communication with Sigma Sigma Sigma, and became very soon its Phi Chapter.

Another, formed about the same time, and known as Pi Alpha Tau, is the one in which we are the more deeply interested.

Pi Alpha Tau was founded February 23, 1912, by Roma E. Fouts, Winifred V. Johnson, Kathleen McClenaghan. Anne L. McMahon, Elizabeth M. Newhall, Ruth M. Sutton, Georgia R. Turner and Harriet I. Wilson. The badge worn by the group was a shield of black enamel bearing the sorority letters and edged with pearls. The colors were blue and gold, the flower the Marechal Neil rose. From the very first the society met with success, and attracted to itself some of the finest students\ in the Teachers' College.

When the University opened the following fall, Pi Alpha Tau, by doing its路 rushing systematically, was able to secure a goodly llUota of girls, as it did again in 1913. But in the second season the society was made conscious of the fact that it was rushing against a National, and that everybody on the campus was talking Nat路ionalism. Pi Alpha Tau saw at once the imperative need of becoming affiliated with a sorority that had been established for some time. The only one that it could find in its own field was Alpha Sigma Alpha, which it discovered through getting hold of a copy of The Sorority Handbool~.

Upon addressing a letter to the Virginia Chapter, it learned that it would be cha10tered by that organi~ation, and in clue time it received a copy of the constitution and ritual. Meanwhile it had turned to the author of the Handbook for suggestions concerning other local societies in institutions similar to its own, and had been supplied with a list of locals with which it immediately proceeded to get in touch . Since the documents re-

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ceived from the Virginia Chapter were not so elaborate as their own, and since they felt that they would like more advice from Mrs. Ida Shaw Martin, they saw to it that she was elected to honorary membership in Alpha Sigma Alpha, in order that she might see these documents and suggest improvem.ents. .LA new constitution and a new ritual were the result, both of which were 2.ccepted during the summer at house parties arranged for that purpose by both chapters. __ The group returned but four girls in September, Helen Boggess, Dorothy Clason, Lou Leedom and Harriet Smith, to list . them alphabetically, but every one was a tower of strength to . the others. Not only did this small group of girls rush against , big odds, but it secured ten splendid pledges, and made all the arrangements for the Convention that was held during the Thanksgiving Recess. It was at this time that the new Alpha Sigma A lpha really came into being, since this Convention ratified the tran sformed constitution and ritual, but the Miami Chapter rega rds its own foundation date as Hermes Day, or May 25, 1914.

That it may c:lebrate fittingly both these significant dates in its history, Alpha Alpha tries to hold two alumnae reunions each year, one at Commencement, in honor of Hermes Day, and one at Thanksgiving, in honor of the part that was played by Alpha / dpha in the reconstruction of the Sorority.

CAMPus ScENE

ALUMNI LIBRARY

CAMPUS GATES

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MIAMI UNIVERSITY Miami University is one of the most historic in the United States. It is the second oldest collegiate institution west of the Alleghenies, having been founded soon after Ohio was admitted to the Union. By reason of its location in the southwestern part of the State, it attracted a large patronage from the South, as well as from the North, and many of its students came from the finest families in both sections. It has graduated many who became leaders in their professions, many who attained prominence in state and national affairs. No institution of its size in the country has a more di stinguished roll of alumni. Among its most famous sons may be mentioned General Benjamin Harrison, twenty-third President of the United States, Whitelaw Reid, Editor of the New York Tribu.ue for many years, Minister to France from 1889 to 1892, and later Minister to England, William Dennison, War Governor of Ohio; Oliver P. Morton, War Governor of Indiana, and Rev. David Swing, founder of Central Church, Chicago.

Miami University owes its existence to a land grant authorized by Congress in 1792, and given by President George Washington to John Cleves Symmes. This act reserved one complete township to be used forever for the support of an institution for higher education. Miami was formally instituted and named in 1809 by act of the Legislature of Ohio, but because of insufficient fund s, the beginning of actual collegiate instruction. was considerably delayed. In 1811 a log bt_.tilding was erected, and in this was maintained a 'Select School' for the young people of the community. In 1818 a brick building, called Franklin Hall, housed this school under a new name, the "Grammar School of Miami University," while the "Log College" was transformed into a residence for the principal of the institution.

By 1824 an adequate building had been constructed for college purposes, and sufficient funds were available for running expenses, so the institution was raised to collegiate rank, under the presidency of the Reverend Robert Hamilton Bishop. From the very beginning the faculty was composed of men of ripe scholarship. By reason of its curriculum and the quality of instruction given, the University took rank at once with th e best in the country. It was long the most celebrated college in the \ 짜est.

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After the Civil War, the competition of younger and more richly endowed institutions was seriously felt, and the college was obliged to suspend from 1873 to 1885, to allow time for recuperation. In the latter year Miami again opened with the assured support of the State. Its income is now derived from annual tax levies on property, from interest on endowments, and from special appropriations by the Legislature. Since it is a State institution, there are no tuition fees.

Like many of the older colleges of the country, Miami is located in a small village. The town of Oxford is delightfully situated and is surrounded by a beautiful country. Two other institutions, Oxford College for Women, and Western College for Women, have found it equally well suited to their purposes, so the town has an unusual academic atmosphere, similar to that found in the famous English village of the same name. Miami University is, therefore, somewhat isolated, so the entire life of the students is supplied by campus activities, and yet, with Cincinnati only forty miles away, all that a big metropolis can offer in art, music, or the drama, is easily accessible.

The Miami campus, one of th~ most beautiful in America, comprised originally sixty-five acres, much of which is wooded with virgin forest, but extensive additions were added from time to time until now over one hundred acres are at the disposal of the University. Most of the college buildings are situated on the old campus, while the newer part is given over to the agricultural experiment . tation and to the Athl etic Field. This latter comprises a football field, a baseball diamond, a running track and pits for pole vaulting and jumping. Miami has an enviable record in athletics, and many games with other teams are played on the home grounds. As the Miami teams seldom lose in their contests either at home or abroad, athletics have much to do with the college spirit that is so noticeable a feature of the University.

The Miami campus has three structures that date back to its very beginning as Cll collegiate institution,-the Main Building, the I orth Dormitory and the South Dormitory. All the others have been built since 1890, some quite recently, and are wholly modern in every way. The old buildings have all been improved in accordance with the most up-to-date ideas regarding heating. lighting and sanitation, and, a almost all the structures are of brick, there is architectural harmoniousness seldom found in the

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case of an institution that has so many years of history to its credit, or that has grown so rapidly.

Iiami did not open its doors to women until 1887, and then only in special cases, but the experiment proved so satisfactory that women were admitted to all classes in 1892. For some year.s the attendance of women was not large, but the establishment of a State Teachers' College in 1902 brought a great influx of women studen路ts. For a time the course was parallel to the first two years in the College of Lib ~ ral Arts, and prepared students to teach in the grade schools only, but in 1912 the Trustees established four-year courses in Industrial Education and Agricultural Education, and in 1914 they provided also a four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education, for the special training of high school teachers. More recentl y the Federal Board for administering the Smith-Hughes Fund has established a Smith-Hughes H ome Economics Teachers' Training Course.

The Music Department of Miami is especially strong and offers many attractions to those interested in thi s subject. One of the notable organizations in this department is Arion Choir, which is composed of both men and women, and which gives unusually fine programs each year. Another prominent association is the Madrigal Club, open only to those women who have trained voices of unusual excellence. The membership ranges from twenty-five to thirty-five. Among the men the most distinctive musical organization is the Glee Club, which is lirrlited to twentyfive members and which is known throughout Ohio for the excellence of its concert work.

The literary and dramatic societies are Illmost as famous as Miami's musical clubs. The Erodelphian and the Miami Union for men date back to 1825, and carry on their rosters the names of many who became famous in state and nation. There are no membership restrictions, and all men of the University are urged to affiliate with one or the other. The Liberal Arts Club, founded in 1903, and the Alethenai Society, chartered in 1915, serve a imilar pm:po e among the women in the Liberal Arts College.

For the women in the Teachers' College two others are provided, the Pierian Society, founded in 1902, and the Thalian Society, organized in 1910. A more restricted club is Ye Merrie Players, which offers training in dramatic interpretation and stage tech-

HEPBURN HALL

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DoRMITORY FOR WoMEN

FRATERNITY HousE

BISHOP HALL

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mque, and which presents some drama during the second semester of each year.

There is many a college in the country that has a beautiful campus, attractive buildings, a scholarly faculty, a long roll of distinguished alumni, a fine athletic record, and many live student organizations, but there are not many where there is so splendid a spirit of democracy, or such a delightful social life.

These are the things that give to Miami its chief charm, and a quality so unusual that one may well be pardoned for taking the time to get at the sources of the strength that has enabled Miami to stamp certain characteristics indelibly upon all who have come under her influence. The search will not lead one far, for the ~ources of her power are not hidden.

The very structure of Miami University is laid upon the foundations of democracy. From the very beginning its motto has been To Be W orth:y Rather Than Conspicuous, and those who have guided its destinies through the years have kept that fl aming message always before the eyes of the student body. To foster a democratic attitude on the part of the men and women in so large a university is not an easy matter, but Miami has succeeded in doing this by requiring the men of the freshmen class to live in the college dormitories, and by requiring all the women to live in dormitories, or in cottages under university supervision.

All women take their meals in the common dining halls provided by the management. Dinner is a formal affair, but the social hour that invariably follows affords opportunity for informal recreation, for the cultivation oÂŁ a wider acquaintance, and for the .promotion of a fine college spirit.

There are only two dormitories for men, so those in the upper classes live in fraternity houses, or in private homes in the town.

Three dormitories, each accommodating two hundred, have been provided for the women students, and the University owns in addition thirty cottages that it uses in case of any overflow. No distinction is drawn between the women in the College of Liberal Arts and those in the Teachers' College, so girls from both schools are found in the same dormitories. On occasion they may even be roommates. Under such wise management, there is no chance for any lines of social cleavage.

To the end tJ:!at it might still further foster the spirit of democracy in the student body, Miami has always encouraged social

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life in every legitimate form. There is a university Dance given each month in the Gymnasium, and seldom does a week pass that one or another of the student organizations does not provide ome form of social relaxation. If it is not a Y. M. C. A. or a Y. W. C. A. reception or program, it may be a concert by some one of the musical clubs, a party given by one of the literary societies or by one of the dormitories, a sorority or a fraternity dance.

O ne of the most distinctive features of Miami is its 拢rater路 nity life. For long years the University has been called the Mother of Fraternities, but more recently it has come to be known also as the Mother of Sororities. College fraternities were still in their infancy when Alpha Delta Phi established its Beta Chap路 ter at Miami in 1833, for there were but three others in existence at that time, and the four rolls together totaled but seven chapters. Kappa Alpha, founded at Union College in N'ew York in 1825, had established a chapter at Williams College in Massachusetts, whi le Delta Phi, founded in 1827, -was still a local at Union.

Another Union fraternity, Sigma Phi, founded that same year, had placed a chapter at Hamilton in 1831, and had led directly to the formation of Alpha Delt.1 Phi at that college in 1832.

The establishment of Alpha Delta Phi at Miami is of interest, not only because i~ was instituted by the founder of the fraternity, Samuel Eells, Hamilton, '32, who was a resident of Cincinnati, but also because it really opened up the West to fraternities, since its entrance resulted in the hirth at Miami of Beta Theta Pi in 1839, of Phi Delta Theta in 1848, and of Sigma Chi in 1855. Other famous frater::1ities that established chapters at Miami in those early days were Delta Kappa Epsilon, which entered in 1852, and Delta Upsilon, which chartered a group in 1868. All these chapters went out of existence during the twelve ,years that Miami was closed, but, long before that time, tho se that had been founded on the Miami campus had strengthened themselves greatly and had together established over one hundred chapters. Eventually, with the exception of Alpha Delta Phi , all these fraternities were again established at Miami . Later several local societies were formed for the purpose of inducing other well-known nationals to enter. Two succeeded in securinrr charters, one from Delta Tau Delta in 1916, the second from 1gma Alpha Epsilon in 1919.

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There were no sororities at Miami until 1902, when Delta Zeta was founded. In the years that followed, other groups were formed from time to time, and each in turn, with the exception of the first mentioned, became affiliated with national sororities of prominence. Delta Delta Delta entered in 1911, Chi Omega in 1912, and Alpha Omicron Pi in 1919. At first, the women enrolled in the Teachers' College were eligible to the academic sororities, but the latter were finally forbidden to take members from the Teachers' College. This ukase followed a ruling on the part oi the national as sociation of the academic sororities to restrict membership to students in colleges of liberal arts.

This decision on the part of the academic sororities made it necessary for the women in the Teachers College at Miami to • organize special sororities. The first of these received a charter from Sigma Sigma Sigma in 1911, and the second united with Alpha Sigma Alpha in 1914. A third established in the fall of that same year, and known as Delta Sigma Epsilom, has since placed chapters elsewhere, while a fourth affiliated with Pi Kappa Sigma in 1915. The formation of these various groups in the Teachers College of Miami University, and their subsequent influence upon somewhat similar groups in other institutions of the same sort, may truthfully be said to have given rise to the present system of Greek-letter societies to be found in the Teachers Colleges of the country. There may be in this field groups that are older by many years than those formed at Miami, but it was on this campus that the Teachers College Sorority first met the ±amous university fraternities and ·sororities on an equal footing, and was accorded the collegiate rank that it has always claimed as its due by reason of its standards.

No sketch of Miami would be complete without some mention of the publications, which mirror so faithfully the quality of the work <;lone by Miami, as well as the life of the stud ~ nt body. The official organ of the University is The Mimni Univ ersity B·ulletin, which is issued monthly throughout the year. A flourishing weekly publication, The Miami St~tdent, is maintained by the students. A most attractive college annual is published by the junior class, and is known as The Recensio.

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ALPHA BET A CHAPTER Alpha Beta had its beginnings in the last century. On Christmas Eve of 1~99, four Kirksville girls, Eugenia Ringo-1\loonnan, Helen May, Eunice Link-Bonfoey and Margaret Hull-Alsdorf, all of them students at the State Normal School, established a ~ociety, which they christened Kappa Theta Psi. Their prime object in forming the organization was to make possible some pleasant social life through the closer association of themselves and such others as they might decide to elect to membership.

Helen May, who had gone on a visit to Crawfordsville, Ind., and whose stay there had been made most pleasant through her participation in some of the good times arranged by a local ~orority, had come back to Kirksville enthusiastic over introducing the idea in the Normal School. Eugenia Ringo happened at that very time to have a sister in Kappa Kappa Gamma at the University of Missouri, so she wrote to her for assistance. Ethel Ringo drafted a constitution fo r the girls, as well as an initiation service, both of which were adopted, and both of which remained in use, with a few amendments, until the society affiliated with Alpha Sigma A lpha.

The four friends wrote the by-laws themselves, and they also selected the name. The three letters were taken from a textbook i,1 trigonometry that belonged to one of the. girls, and were chosen both because they looked well together and because they were euphonious. Ethel Ringo again came to their aid by supplying 1he Greek words to fit the letters. The next thought of the founders was for an attractive badge, and so they sent to a St. Louis jewelry firm for suggestive designs, selecting finally a triangular pin, enameled in purple and displaymg a gold rose on each ]JOint. This badge was discarded after a few years for a rightangled triangle, the narrowest side worn uppermost. It was enameled in black, and .had a beveled or jeweled edge. This pin remained in use until the society became Alpha Beta of Alpha Sigma Alpha.

Other girls were selected in the course of a month or two, and.

J.S the years passed, the organization began to be felt as a force 路 in the chool life. For a time it had no rival , but in May, 1902, another society was formed under the name of Sigma Delta Chi .

From the beginning the relations between the two sororities were

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most cordial. It was not at all unusual for them to grve social functions together, and there was an annual custom of entertaining for each other. Eventually Sigma Delta Chi started to extend by establishing other chapters in Missouri, but, as several of these died, it later followed the lead of Kappa Theta Psi in affiliating with another National, and gave its only living chapters, those at Kirksville and 路w arrensburg, to Sigma .Sigma Sigma.

Kappa Theta Psi maintained high standards always, and '""路as the pioneer in refusing to elect to membership any girl who did not hold a diploma from a four-year high school, who did not make an average of G in her grades, or who did not take enough work to be considered a regular student. For a large part of :ts existence, the society had a house, excellently chaperoned. It '-'J ways had the splendid social support of a fine group of local alumnae and influential patronesses. Kappa Theta Psi girls enjoyed from the, very start an enviable reputation for being gracious hostesses, and were very popular in the town, as wel1 as in the school.

It is to be regretted that so many of the reco rds have been lost, for they would yield much of interest to the searcher after facts. There are fortunately, however, now living in KirksYille, many whose memories can carry them back to the very..

Leginnings of the sorority, and who love to recall the delightful social events of other years, the gay proms and parties, the jolly picnics and hay rides, the numerous showers for engaged girls, the presentation of candelabra to brides, and路 the frequent alumnae reunions that ended with a banquet 'Or a ball. These events of the past are indelibly etched on the memories of many, but it is not so easy to secure data about the actual work of the ~oc iety, or about the events that led up to the establishment of chapters elsewhere. There is a record showing that the sorority received a charter from the State of M issouri, empowering it to P.Stablish branches eleswhere, but there are only rumors of a chapter in St. Louis at Mary Institute, and of another at the Oklahoma State No rmal School located at Ada. There is, however, a record to show that the Beta Chapter was in existence at Iowa State Teachers College as early as 1905.

Tradition says that this chapter, which is still in existence, came into being because a Kirksville Kappa Theta Psi went over

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to the Iowa college to represent her own school in a debate. \Vhile there she met the various members of an excellent group, and succeeded in interesting them in the Missouri society. In the years that followed the installation of this chapter, there was a considerable interchange of visits, usually at the time of some ~pecial or elaborate social event. It was during one of the visits of some of the Iowa members to the Mother Chapter, on the occasion of its annual Prom, that the question of affiliation with Alpha Sigma Alpha was first broached. This was in 1arch, 1914. The Iowa group had received letters from girls at Miami l Jniversity and elsewhere, and had been most favorably impressed with the idea. So much interest resulted from the reading of these letters to the Kirksville girls, that the Mother Chapter was authorized to send a representative to the convention. that was to meet at Miami University somewhat later in the year.

It was upon Elva Doyle that the responsibilities of serving as plenipotentiary fell. With her went an alumna, Lennye Tucker . .So impressed were the two girls with the aims, the ideals and the constructive policies of the transfonned Alpha Sigma Alpha, as well as with the charming representatives of the chapters already in existence, that Elva Doyle forthwith pledged her organization to 111embership in it, and to unfailing support of it.

Immediately upon her return to Kirksville, arrangements were made for an alumnae reunion and initiation. At the time of affiliation, Kappa Theta Psi had a membership of two hundred and eight. Thirty-nine of these and four pledges were initiated i"nto Alpha Sigma Alpha on December 12. Later on in the college year, and even during the summer, the impressive initiation services were held for returning alumnae, many of whom came long distances, so that they might become members of an organization of which they had formed so favorable an impression through the reading of the Phoenix. The presence of these alumnae and the enthusiasm aroused at the banquets that always followed the initiations, have borne rich fruit in the years since, for the Kirksville Chapter has much to its credit that can be traced directly to the stimulating forces set in motion on these occasions.

It has always been a matter of deep regret to Alpha Beta that the Iowa Chapter of Kappa Theta Psi could not also become a part of Alpha Sigma Alpha, for the group was most anxious to

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affill iate at the time, and it has continued that interest right up to the present time, but, unfortunately, the management of the college has remained obdurate. This attitude on the part of the faculty is due to several causes. There are these who are frankly opposed to the fraternity idea in any form, and there are tho se who believe that campus organizations can be most easily controlled when they have no outside interests or affiliation. Then there are others who think that their splendid college will eventually secure charter grants from the famous Congress Sororities, in spite of the fact that these organizations decided years ago that they would never enter the teachers college field, since the one in which they have operated for years has grown beyond every expectation, and is already too large to be managed successfully. It may take son1.e time and much proof to convince those who hold such widely differing views that the so rority system, under efficient national management, is a valuable adjunct for every teachers college, but that proof can be presented in due season, for the national sororities in teachers colleges are demonstrating their worth more clearly every year, and are therefore winning for themselves the approval of their own faculties.

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KIRKSVILLE STATE TEACHERS' COLLEGE Missouri State Teachers' Col1ege at Kirksville was called into being by the initiative, patience, perseverance and self-sacrifice of one man. The story of its inception and the earliest years of its existence reads like an epic, for through the whole narrative runs the golden thread of a virile personality, whose unconquerable spirit surmounted difficulty after difficulty, and finally turned seeming defeat into splendid success.

The architect, whose fertile brain conceived, and whose masterly mind built the teachers' college into the educational system of Missouri, was Joseph Baldwin. Prof. Baldwin came into the State from Pennsylvania soon after graduation from college in order to take charge of a ladies' boarding school at Savannah, Mo. lt was during a four-year residence in this town that he helped to organize the Missouri State Teachers' Association in St. Louis, where he was elect,ed Vice President, and where he had an opportunity to get acquainted with the famous educator, Horace Mann, from whom he received much helpful and stimulating inspiration.

Immediately following his !路esignation from the principalship of the boarding school in Missouri, Prof. Baldwin returned to Pennsylvania for a short time to study and to teach. Later he conducted private Normal Schools in Indiana, save for such time as he served in the Union Army. After the Civil War was over, however, he was repeatedly urged by friends and relatives in Missouri to establish a private scli.ool for th ~ training of teachers in that State. It was in the early part of 1867 that he went to Kirksville to look over some vacant school property, which the Cumberland Presbyterian Church had financed, but which had proved considerable of an incubus, owing to the distressed conditions of the country that grew out of the war, and the consequent failure of every attempt to establish a school in the building.

Finding this property and the town well suited to his. needs, Prof. Baldwin decided to locate jn Kirksville. The school was opened on September 2, 1867, and proved popular from the very start, although it was very far from oeing a financial success at fir st ancl meant a large personal loss to Prof. Baldwin, who had shouldered all the responsibility of meeting the financial obligations connected with the hiring of the faculty and the runnin g

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of the school. Toward the clos.: of the first year, however, the owners of the property and members of the facu1ty organized the North Missouri School Associat10n for the purpose of promoting the welfare of the institution.

All the time that Prof. Baldwin was supervising the work of the school, he was actively engaged also in trying to arouse public sentiment in Missouri, and especially in the northern part of the State, in favor of securing the prop.:r legislation for the establishment of a state normal school system, such as was already in operation in the East. On all sid~s he encountered opposition. There were those who were opposed to any form of education that was to be maintJ.ined at public expense, and there were still others, who, while willing to provide_ free instruction in grade schools, b~lieved that teachers, like doctors and lawyers, should be prepared for their profession in private colleges, and should meet the expense of such training themselves.

Another class of objectors looked upon state normal schools and universities as local institutions that benefited chiefly those communities in which they were established. A fourth class claimed that the normal school was unnecessarily duplicating the work of high schools, academies and small colleges, and to the great detriment of these other institutions, which had been established at great labor and expense by private individuals, by communities,. and by religious bodies. It was not an easy matter to win over to the cause such strong and such persistent objectors, but Prof. Baldwin persevered, and little by little secured the support of many prominent and thoughtful men in Missouri. By means of addresses, newspaper and magazine articles, and by personal solicitations, Prof. Baldwin and his loyal supporters succeeded finally in awakening such an interest in a normal school system for the State, that the school at Kirksville was adopted on December 29, 1870, as one of the two State Normal Schools, authorized earlier in that same year by an Act of the Missouri Legislature.

As soon as the location of the two schools had been determined upon, arrangements were made for the erection of suitable structures. Ground was broken in Kirksville on May 17, 1871, and the building was ready for occupancy on January 16, 1973.

The school was most fortunate in the architects selected, for the structure possesses both dignity and beauty. The campus on

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which it stands was donated to the State by two public-spirited citizens, and contained originally about fifteen acres. As the land had previously been used for farming purposes, much work was required to make it an attt:active setting for the stately lines of the college building.

Fortunately there was a natural ravine that ran across the campus in a line almost parallel with the main axis of the building. This was made into a pretty lake. The campus was further beautified by the planting of trees, contributed by classes and by numerous friends. The part thus played by the students in the improvements of the campus developed in them a peculiar attachment for their alma mater, a feeling that they were apparently able to pass on to those who followed, for one of the most noticeable things about the institution is the intense loyalty of all who have ever fallen under its spell, either. as student or teacher. In spite of enticing offers from other places, members of the faculty have remained in the service of the school when salaries were low and the work arduous. Students have returned year after year, as opportunity was theirs, for one or more terms, though there were many other more famous educational institutions open to them. Such loyalty as this could not but bear rich fruitage in the years that followed the establishment of the school and the proving of its worth. The steady increase in enrollment and the greatly enlarged facilities for splendid educational work are evidences of the popularity of the institution. No college ever becomes popular save through the loyalty of its faculty and its graduates. In that lies the great strength of Kirksville State Teacher's College.

When Prof. Baldwin opened his school in 1867, it was his intention to have it cover the entire field of school work from the primary departm~nt nght through the whole college course. This was in line with the custom of most of the colleges of the Middle West, for many of them found it necessary to offer instruction both in the grades and in the secondary work, in order to secure students adequately prepared for <;allege, since facilities for education were very meagre in the newer and more sparsely settled States. When Prof. Baldwin became the first President of the institution after its acceptance by the State, he still emphasized the need for a strong academic training, and so, although the courses of study have been changed considerably with the passage of the years, the school at Kirksville, as well as other similar

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schools in Missouri , have been saved from the pedagogical heresy that a training school for teachers should confine itself to the teaching of methods. This was President Baldwin's great contribution to Missouri, for the educational ideas that he put into operation so many years ago contributed more than any other one thing to give to the teachers' training system in Missouri th e fo rm that it now has.

Although Kirksville State Teachers' College had long been doing college work it was not until 1919 that the institution was permitted to use the name College in its title. By Act of the Legislature in that year, however, this privilege was accorded to it and to all similar institutions in the State. Until that time students were said to be working in a 30-Hour, a 60-Hour, a 90Hour, or a 120--Hour Class. Now there are the usual four college classes. U pon completion of the freshman year the student receives an elementary state certificate valid for two years. By the end of the sophomore yea r the student is entitled to a similar certificate that is valid for life. The completion of the junior yea r means a life diploma designating the ability to t each and supervise teaching in i1igh schools and elementary schools. At the close of the senior year the student becomes the possessor of a life diploma and the bachelor's degree, one that is regarded everywhere as the equivalent of the similar degree granted by the State U niversity of Missouri, and, therefore, of the bachelor's degree granted by a ny of the leading universities of the country.

For a number of years the Kirk sville State Teachers' College, in common with many other institutions devoted to higher education, had the regular college year of two semesters of eighteen weeks, with a short summer session of six weeks . In September, 1904, however, the calendar year was divided into four quarters of twelve weeks each. As the credits given for all quarters are exactly alike, it is possible for a student to attain the bachelor's degree in three years by uninterrupted attendance for that length of time. Since matriculation comes four times a year, a-nd since one may, therefore, enter at any time, quite a few students finish some one or the other of the four courses every quarter, and so there are graduating exercises, or Convocation, as it is called, every three month s. This is a trifle confusing to the average person who i used to associating a college Commencement with

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June and roses, but it is eminently significant of the vigorou s way in which the Wbt does things.

The constant and frequent changes in the stud~nt body, however, that come with thi s plan of instruction produces an interesting condition so far as sorority life is concerned. The average college group holds only one initiation each year, but the chapter in a college conducted on the other plan may have four rushing seaso ns and four initiations. This can mean large and live groups with the numbers and the strength to do many things well, and it can mean also a very full and a very rich sorority life. This is just what it has meant at Kirksville State Teachers' College from the very first year that the sorority idea was conceived.

Greek-letter life was introduced into Kirksville State Teachers' College in the early '90s through the establishment of a chapter of a men's fraternity by the name of Phi Lambda Epsilon, which had branches in other similar schools in Missouri and neighboring States. It continued for a number of years, but finally went out of existence, largely because the management placed chapters in high schools, and thus lowered the standard of the organization. Sorority life was inaugurated through the establishment in 1899 of the Kappa Theta Psi Society, which was followed three years later by Sigma Delta Chi. In the course of time the two sororities established chapters in other normal schools and teachers colleges in Missouri and elsewhere, thus becoming interested in the idea of nationalism. It was very natural, then, that both should be attracted by any proposition looking t_oward the establishment of a special type of sorority for the teachers' college field. It was in 1914 that the proposal was made to Kappa Theta Psi to affiliate with Alpha Sigma Alpha, and it shortly became the Alpha Beta Chapter of that organization. In 1915 Sigma Delta Chi gave its chapters at Kirksville and Warrensburg to Sigma Sigma Sigma.

As in the case of most state-supported institutions, there are no dormitories for the students of Kirksville State Teachers' College. Most of the students board with private families in the town, so there is not quite the same kind of student spirit that is found in a college where undergraduate interest is centered on the campus through residence in college halls and fraternity houses, and where all social life is furnished by campus organizations. There are many attractions in the town of Kirksville, and

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much is clone by the townspeople both for the tudents at the Teacher 路 College and also for thos<! connected with the local College of 0 teopathy, which is the mother college of that branch of the healing art, having been founded by the celebrated Dr. Still, who originated the new method of therapeutics.

Kirksville State Teachers' Colleg<! has a long roll of distinguished alumni. It is in Missouri that the institution has exerted its greatest influence. Its graduates have held some of the be t superintendencies in the State, and they have also filled the office of State Superintendent. Many have been very active in th ~ State Teachers' Association and in the National Educational A sociation, and have done much towards moulding opinions in both bodies on various educational matters. Of those who never took up the profession of teaching, or who turned from it after a few years, many have risen to prominence both in Missouri and elsewhere, and are today reflecting great credit upon their Alma Mater. By far the most distinguished of her sons is General Pershing, whose name will be forever written upon the scroll of American history.

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ALPHA GAMMA CHAPTER Pennsylvania has twelve State Normal Schools, but in only one of them has the sorority idea flourished. This was the one located in the town oi Indiana. As far back as 1902 there was a society in this school by th~ name of Phi Kappa Pi. This was wi thout a rival until 1909, when Pi Kappa Sigma established its Zeta Chapter there. The following year, the Agonian Society, which was founded in N(ew York State, and which is also ki1own as A lpha Kappa Phi, placed its Iota Chapter at " Indiana." That same year, a local organization by the name of Phi Delta Phi came into existence. The next November saw a similar so rority called into being. This was the Gamma Pi Beta Sorority, which is of special interest to u s, because it was one of the four groups that united to form the new Alpha Sigma Alpha.

The charter members of Gamma 路 Pi Beta were Edythe B. Withington, Oka G. Wiley, Mabel H. Byers, Anna E. Schade, Margaret Veil, Mary Miller and Alice Weyman. The ritual was written for the group by Mrs. Foreman, a member of Alpin Chi Omega and the wife of a member of the faculty. Two members of the faculty, Miss Susan Applegate and Miss Margaret Moore, associated themselves with the girls through initiation, and did much during the early years to make th~ society strong by attending all meetings and by entertaining for the group, as well as by representing it on the faculty.

The attractive pin of Gamma Pi Beta, which was designed by a m::mber of the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity, is especially worthy of mention, because it was a trefoil arrangement of three miniature Alpha Sigma Alpha badges arranged around a raised circular center, which was enameled in black, and which carried a large p earl. Each miniature was likewise enameled in black, and displayed one letter of the sorority's name. The colors were crimson and white, the flower the reel rose. It is not difficult to understand that an organization with such a pin and such colors should be attracted by th = insignia of Alpha Sigma A lpha.

There were several other reason s, however, why Gamma Pi Beta became interested in a possible affiliation with Alpha Sigma A lpha, when the suggestion was fir st broached as a result of corre spo ndence with those -who had in charge the upbuilcling of a strong sorority in the teachers ' college field. Pennsylvania Ins long been known as a fraternity State. and many of the Gamma

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Pi Beta girls had relatives, as well as friends, who were members of some of the largest fraternities and sororities, so the many advantage of being affiliated with a national organization had been called to their attention on a number of occasions.

They knew, therefore, that it would be broadening for them to learn of 路 other schools and colleges, to become acquainted with girls in different sections of the country through sharing a common publication, to be associated with an organization whose badge would be an introduction wherever they might go in later life. Two of their rivals were already offering some of these attractions to their rushees, so, in making its decision concerning Alpha Sigma Alpha, Gamma Pi Beta waited only long enough to be assured of the consent and support of the alumnae. vVhen that was secured, Ruth K. Ritchey, president of the undergraduate group, was selected to represent Gamma Pi Beta at the Miami Convention, arld to act as plenipotentiary in all matters pertaining to affiliation with Alpha Sigma Alpha.

Upon her arrival at Miami University, Miss Ritchey found everything so satisfactory that she very re;,dily pledged to Alpha Sigma Alpha not only the allegiance of the undergraduate group, but also the support of a strong body of alumnae. Nearly all of the graduates were initiated into Alpha Sigma Alpha in the course of time, but, even in cases where initiation was out of the question for a while, the alumnae paid the same dues as did those initiated, and thus gave steady support during the pioneer years of the transformed organization.

For five years Alpha Gamma Chapter was a force in the School, but early in 1919 a "democratic" wan swept over the student body, and the sororities were asked to give up their cherished institutions. They did this with the greatest regret, because they would have liked to pass on to those who were to follow the torch of i11spiration that is so peculiarly the gift of the sorority. So far as the members already initiated were concerned there was no loss, since their precious associations were secured to them for all time. The only losers were the School , which forfeited the keen and abiding interest of loyal alumnae, and the succeeding gmerations of students, who would be forever denied the privilege of close association with congenial groups, as well as the opportunity of being brought into contact with similar groups in many other institutions.

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()UJ( CJI/IP:M!?_8 MIAMI

Commencement week at Miami was as usual filled with brilliant affairs. Alpha Alpha had seven among the many gradnates, five in the regular two-year course, Eloise Everett, Georgcana and Helen Robinson, Grace Runyan and Dorothy Yelton, with the other two, Marjorie Stier and Martha Rosebrook, receiving diplomas in public school music and domestic science respectively. Miami always conducts a splendid summer school, but it is more for those who are actively engaged in teaching during the school year, and so very few undergraduate students return for it. The real charm of Miami is at its best during the regular college year, so every one who can attends it then, so as to have a 路part in the very distinctive university life.

Our house party was held at Buckeye Lake from August 9th to 16th. We have a lovely cottage of six rooms and two long porches. The girls who came for it were Alice Anderson, Iona Baldwin, Eloise Cunningham, Ruth Donnelly, Helen Fix, Lelah Proxmire Hamilton, Genevieve Hoy, Isabelle Key, Mary McClelland, Alice Ottman, HeJ.en Stapleton and Isis Williams. We took most of our meals at the hotel, so we did no cooking except at our miqnight spreads. It was a great plea~ure to find that Delta Delta was camping nearby. We were together quite a lot and got to know one another very well. The management provides all kinds of entertainment for its cottagers, so there are many dances, and always the chance for swimming, boating and sailing.

Unfortunately, however, the management could not control the car strike, and so none of us ever felt wholly at ease during our stay, for there was always the fear lest we might not be able to get home.

Alpha Alpha returned eight of its last year girls, Eloise Cunningham, Alice Good, Mary Harlan, Genevieve Hoy, Mary McClelland, Alice Ottman, Ann Roberts and ~lda Walthers, and had one girl come to it from Delta Delta, Goldie Adams . It likewise gave one of its girls, Marjorie Stranahan, to Delta

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Delta. Alice Ottman is serving as Chapter President and Elda \Valthers as Secretary. ln addition to these undergraduates \\'e have with us also Chloe Edgar, who is connected with the auditing departm.e nt of the University, and Helen Edwards, who is n:.anager of Bishop Hall, one of the women's dormitories.

Miami has a very short rush season, as ()Ur faculty believes in getting all such preliminary matters settled within the first few days, in order that the freshmen may be entirely free to concentrate on their studies, and in order that the university social life may not be interfered with in any way because of divided Interests. Sorority girls meet all trains, so that they may look after the girls recommended to them, and so that they may meet <.11 the newcomers. To one not familiar with Miami methods, it might seem a pretty difficult matter to separate the Teachers College girls from the Liberal Arts girls, who are considered the property of the Congress Sororities, and not to poach on the preserves of the other sororities in Teachers College. Quite naturally there is some friction between sororities of the same type, but the whole thing is settled so quickly and the girls signed up so promptly that there is scarcely a ripple on the surface after the ' first week.

Such a method means, of course, that alumnae must be very actively interested in their chapter, that they must send on beforehand very explicit information concerning the girls who are coming from their home towns, or from the schools where they have taught, and that the freshmen must be thoroughly coached in ~orority matters before they leave for college.

This is not so very difficult, because Ohio has forty colleges, many of 路which are familiar with the Greek-letter system. It would be easily possible for a girl to come to Miami whose great-grand father, grand'father and father were fraternity men, for fraternities have been here at Miami since 1833, and, as there were sororities in Ohio in the '70s, a girl's grandmother and mother might very easily be sorority women. As for uncles, aunts, cousins and friends. not to mention brothers and sisters, the list could be a very long one.

Once in a great vvhile possibly some girl may feel that she would rather be in another group, but there really is not much chance for regrets at Miami, because one group is just about as fine as the other, as the University attracts an unusually high clas of s路.udents. This year the enrollment numbered over one thousand.

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路o great has been the increase in matriculation among the women that a new dormitory had to be built this year. It is to be :路eady by Christmas, and will accommodate one hundred and seventy-five girls. No distinction is _drawn between the Liberal 路 . \.rts and the Teachers College girls, for it is a University policy to have them get well acquainted with one another through dor- 路 mitory life, so freshmen girls of both colleges are to be domiciled in the new building.

As you may well judge, the first few days of college were Lusy ones for all men<bers of Alpha Alpha. Duri,ig the few clays of rushing it is customary to take the freshmen to breakfast, luncheon and dinner, to one or the other of the several attractive places in Oxford, such as the Green Tree Inn, and the Sp-i nning Wheel.

1uch personal rushing was also done, and it was not long before we had twelve splendid girls ready to don our colors.

The formal pledging, which was as usual most impressive, took place in the rooms of the Pierian Literary Society. Initiation has IJeen postponed until November 29, so that we may celebrate the :-ifth anniversary of the reorganization of Alpha Sigma Alpha here at Miami, and so that we may surely have with us on that occasion, by reason of the Thanksgiving Recess, many of those who helped to make our sorority what it is today. Alpha Alpha is deeply conscious of its new responsibilities as one of the two remaining groups that started Alpha Sigma Alpha on a new career, and it hopes to make this coming Thanksgiving reunion an opportunity for our alumnae to renew their vows to the organization that has come to mean so much in the lives of ns all.

The twelve girls that we are expecting to present to our alumnae on this great occasion are Letha Edgar, a sister, Wau "eon ; Rovilla Hanna, DeGraff; Ruth Parrott, Marysville; Helen Rexford, Mentor; Zelma Sargeant, Sidney; Wanda Shambaugh, Celina; Marie Schreiner, Chillicothe: Jeanette Stolzenbach, Lima; Cora Taylor, Sidney; Marjory Warfield, Lima; Serelda \71,1ood, Lima; Doris Young, Lima. The addition of these new uames to our roll will give Alpha Alpha her Ninety and Nine!

Sometime, perhaps even this year, we shall find the one girl necessary to make up our first hundred. We know that Alpha Beta has long passed its two hundred mark, but, if we remember correctly, it was founded in the previous century, whereas our existence as an organization at l\!I iami goes back but seven years.

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As soon as the rushing season was out of the way, the social life of the university began. Every month there is a Varsity Dance attended by all the classes, and practically every week there is a party of some sort for the freshmen, so that they can get acquainted with one another and with the men and women of the other classes. Pierian and Thalian, the two literary societies of Miami, gave a most interesting party for the new girls with dancing as the feature of the evening. Then the Teachers College freshmen showed what they could do, and how much they appreciated the things that had been done for them, by giving a fine mixer and dance in the gymnasium.. After this the various groups of pledges gave interesting social functions for their own societies. Ours gave a dinner party for us at the Spinning i..flheel on Hallowe'en, with all the appropriate decorations and all the interesting games. One of the stunts that caused a great deal of merriment was the writing of a poem about one's neighl~ or on the right. These were collected and read, and then followed the fun of guessing to whom the verses applied. The big fraternity and sorority dances have not come yet. vVhen they do, much of color and brilliancy will be added to our college social life. 路 Miami goes in for athletics, and for three years did not lose a game in football. That defeat came right on our own field , and was therefore so much the harder to bear. We had all set Gur hearts on winning, and the students, headed by a band, had marched in a body to the bleachers. All the girls were dre sed in either red or white, and when they had taken their places, they formed a huge red "M" against a background of white. Our men fought like tigers and contested every inch of the way, but when the final score was reached they left the field crying like babies. It was then that we girls moved clown to the field en masse and sang, with eyes brimming, but with voices steady and true, our rousing anthem, Alma Mater. Our alumni, who were there in big crowds, said that they had never seen such a demonstration of Miami spirit.

But often our team has won, sometimes on our own field and sometimes elsewhere, and these are occasions for the wildest outbursts of joy. Our first Varsity dance was held on the day that our boys went over to Cleveland to meet the team of Case 'cientific School, one of the best known institutions of it type.

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T he air was full of excitement all day, for wherever one looked on the campus one saw big inspiring posters urging our men on to victory. The wire telling us of success was given out while we were dancing, so you can imagine how every one entered into the spi rit of the Varsity Evening ..

ALICE OTTMAN and GoLDIE ADAMS .

Alumnae living in or near Lima organized an association on October 11 at the Norval Hotel. The eight charter members were Catherin e Arbogast, Iona Baldwin, Bernice Berry, Jess Chenoweth, Helen Fix, Georgeana and H elen Robinson and H elen Stepleton. Thi s made a j olly party of eight at the luncheon, and later at a musical comedy. F or their special work this yea r the association has deci.d ed to put the initiation trunk of Alpha Alpha in first-class shape, as this seemed to be th e most important service that Miami alumnae could render the chapter this yea r, according to the three girl s who had just finished their college course. It is expected that alumnae living at even a g reat distance may like to affiliate with this organ ization, if . there is none in their part of the state. Any one will be welcomed to the meetings.

After a yea r of inactivi ty, due to the fact that most of its members had taug.ht at great distances from their homes, the Springfield Association has again come to life. The present roll shows the names of Helen Boggess, Ruth Duffey, E loise Everett, Helen Lincoln Howard, Lucinda Leedom, E lizabet h Schaeffer, Bernadine Sutkamp and Gail Trumbo. The association is planning fo r its old -time house party .once a month, and hopes that it will be able to carry out that plan, for the house parties of former years have left behind the most delightful memories.

The Cincinnati Association started its acti vities early by holding its first meeting in September. The afternoon was spent at the Grand Theatre. Afterward those present went to the Gibson Hotel for the business meeting, arriving just as the procession started to the dinner given in honor of the city's fa mous ball team . There were to be five hundred guests at the dinner, and among them were some of the most prom in ent men in the country, so the association had an oppo rtunity to see several celebrities at close range. After th e business meeting there was supper at a quaint Chinese restaurant, where a few of those present tasted for the first time some of the fam ous Chinese di shes. The Cincinnati roll carries the names of Dorothy Clason, E llen Gatch, Helen King, Ethel Pfeiffer, Catherine Prudent, Bertha Runyan and Bernadine Sutkamp.

Four a lumnae, Alice Anderson, Ruth Crawford, Ruth Donnelly and Pauline Good, a re memuers of the Chillicothe Association. The other five are members of D elta Delta.

Of the gi rls who were grad uated in June, several are known to have ~ec ured positions, Geo rgeana Robinson at Napo leon, Helen Rob in-

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son at Deshl er, Martha Rosebrook at Sandusky, and 11arjorie Stier at Fremont, Ind. A son, Joseph Allan, was born to Lieut. and Mrs. John Allan Hyer (Ruth Sloneker) on March 31, 1919.

Bernadine Sutkamp has accepted a position in Springfield .

Kathleen McClenaghan was married on August 6. 1919, to Edward Carrington Marshall. They are living at \t\felch, 'vV. Va. Ruth Stephenson is teach ing at Barber Seminary, Anniston, Ala. Mr.and Mrs. Cecil R. Dustin (Ruth Elder) have announced the birth on August 14, 1919, of their son, Richard E. Gladys Landman was married on October 7, 1919, to Arthur Heiser of Hamilton, 0.

Amanda Steinkemper has returned to the Chicago College of Osteopathy, where she is a member of the Kappa Psi Delta Sorority. She is making her home with her sister at 5228 Ellis avenue.

Helen King has entered th e bu sines s world and likes it much better than the schoolroom.

N eJle Berry is now located at 1037 Lincoln street, Los Angeles.

KIRKSVILLE It is a long time since you have heard from Alpha Beta, so there is much to tell. Convocation, which occurred on May 23, brought the usual round of festivities, and saw twelve of our girl s presented with certificates, diplomas or the coveted degree.

Our 30-hour or certificate people were Esther Clark, Elizabeth Frazee, Mae Middleton, Clara Mudra, Katherine Sens and Evangeline Webber. Mabel 'Wilson received a 60-hour diploma, while three others, Mary Harris, Mary Paxton and 1\!Iuril Webber, completed the 90-hou r cour_se. The bachelor of arts degrees went to Esther Robinson and Florence Sublette.

After a brief vaeation the Summer Quarter opened, and found eleven of the previous term back in college, Eula Hall Bufford, Ruth Crookshank, Nettie Dickerson, Goldie Deierling, Jewell Duncan, l\1ary Harris, Virginia McDonald, Jean McKinley, Clara Mudra, Mary Shouse and Ruby Wells. Others who came back for the summer session were Julia Briggs, Frances Brown, Ruby Caldwell, Nan Crews, Mary Ruth Early. Mabel Holcomb, Gladys Howey, Ruby Johnson, Grace Jones, Esther Madison, Gladys Morgan, O live Mudra, Pearl Nolan, Rubey Petty, ada Reddish, Maurine Sparks, Marguerite olan, Elizabeth Uhe. Jeannette Vaughn, Virginia Victor and Vivian Walther. This gave us a chapter of thirty-three members. We were most fortunate,

~

0

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PHOENI~

therefore, m being abie to secure th.e house that has so often been a home to us ouring the summer sessions of the pa t. ln the other months of the year it houses one of the fraternities at the College of Osteopathy.

Since the group was so large, quite a few of the girls found it necessary to room outside the house, but there were twentyeight who took meals together and who met daily. Miss Rosamond Root, our Faculty Adviser, took her meals with us also, 2.s did 1iss Lena Patterson, head of the Industrial Arts Department, and Miss Camille Koch, Director of Physical Education.

O ur house mother was Mrs. Petty, mother of Rubey. Every one, of us loved her, for she made our house a real home for the girls. ~ushing season proved pretty strenuous on account of the long st retch of hot weather, but there were some splendid new girls that we wanted, so we kept after them pretty steadily, and incidentally had a right jolly time ourselves. The first affair we gave was a vaudeville at the house with native talent. The c:.ctive girls served as escorts to the guests. The program consisted of songs, dialogues and solo dancing. The hits of the evening were Pearl Nolan's impersonation of Charlie Chaplin, and the beautiful dance given by an alumna, Neita Brawford Pearl.

Soon other events followed in rather quick succession. One morning we gave a chocolate bre3:kfast, and in the afternoon a dance at the Sojourners Hall. Then Anne Evans Ives gave us ;t lovely lawn party one evening.

The grounds looked like fairyland, and the idea was carried out still further by the solo and group dancing of little children. A mock wedding in a beautiful lJower brought us the first news of the engagement of Rita Husted to Dr. Cecil Compton. A bit later, Mr. and l\1rs. J. Frank Moon (Mabel Luepkes), who have decided to make Kirksville their home, gave us a matinee dance at the Elks Club.

Our patronesses were lovely to us too. On June 21 st, Mrs. 1\1. D. Campbell gave a delightful afternon party for us in cherry time. That same evening another patroness, Mrs. Stephenson. gave us a dance at the Elks Club, where forty couples spent several enjoyable hours. The following day Mrs. E. l\-1. Violette gave a tea for us, and a few days later, Mrs. Fred Still opened her beautiful home for an afternon of cards. The final n;sh affair was a very novel one, for it took the form of a

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Panhellenic dance and card party at the Atlas Club. At eleven there was a buffet luncheon. Heretofore, there has been a little friction between the two sororities on the campus, because both tried to get the rushees dated for the night before Bid lJay. Cnder this arrangement, both . sororities had all the girls, and as t'Yery one on the ground was interested there was not a dull moment the whole evening.

This kind of party had never been tried before, but we would consider it a great success, for it was only a little while afterward that we knew that we had thirteen wonderful girls as prospective members-one from lola, Kans., Hertha Cornish, and twelve {rom Missouri, Ilene Fisher, Galt; Helen Jones, Queen City ; Juanita McGuire, Kirksville; Dorothy Martin, Hannibal; Bernice Morehead, Milan; Nellie Mudd, Corso; Elizabeth Rippey, Lancaster; Elizabeth Ryle, Higbee; lone Smith, Hannibal; Hortense Stauder, Edina; Bernice Webb, a sister, Paris; and Beulah Way, a sister, Chillicothe. Pledge service was held at the State Farm on"} uly 8, and the higher degree was given on July 11.

There were the usual college social affairs during the su111111er, the most popular of which was, as always, the annual picnic, where the different classes and the members of the faculty arrange for amusing stunts. Later a large number of our faculty were present at the annual conference of the National Education Association. Our Miss Root was on the program, and her paper on "The Equipment of the Teacher to Meet the Coming Demands for Vocational Training" was commented upon most favorably.

The summer graduates numbered nearly three hundred, and they were all too happy for words, for they were the fir st summer school students to receive degrees from the ortheast Missouri Teachers College. A goodly number of these were members of Alpha Beta. In the 30-Hour Class we had Frances Brown, :\'an Crews, Goldie Deierling, Jewell Duncan, Grace Jones, Virginia McDonald, Gladys Morgan, Nellie Mudd, Olive Mudra, Pearl Nolen and Maurine Sparks. Julia Briggs, Ruth Crookshank, Mabel Holcomb, Clara Mudra, N'ada Reddish and Vivien V\Talther were our 60-Hour people, while Elizabeth Ryle received hers in the 90-Hour Class. Eight of our girls received the bachelor of arts degree, Eula Hull Bufford, Ne ttie Dickerson, Ruth Early, Gladys Howey, Juanita McGuire, Mary Shouse, Ruby \i\Tells and Elizabeth U he. U nless Dan Cupid should inter-

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THE PHOENIX

iere eriously with some well laid plans, we shall have many at eli tant elate who can add the coveted A.B. to their names.

The Fall Quarter opened on September 8, and since that day any Alpha Beta girl can be easily recognized by her smi les, because there is nothing now to have the blues about, for the c~1apter has a beautiful home, in which a large number are most comfortably housed, and at which several others enjoy well-prepared meals of our own planning. It has long been our custom to have a house in the summer, and some years ago when our g roup was known as Kappa Theta Psi there was a chapter house, but this second attempt to have a home during the entire year is one that we are hoping may lead eventually to our owning a house, for, in addition to the comfort and economy secured in this way, there is all the joy of congenial companionship, as well a:: the satisfaction of having a place in which to receive guests.

Alpha Beta is carrying a large chapter this year, for it returned fifteen girls, and oon had twelve pledges. Those who returned arc Julia Briggs, Ruby Caldwell,. Esther Clark, Hertha Cornish, Mary F riday, Louise Harding, Anna Higginbotham, Jean McKinley, Vanda Mitchell, Mildred Nulton, Eva Riggins, Georgia Robb, Katherine Sens, Lonore Simmons and lone Smith.

Mildred N ulton is serving as President, and Esther Clark as Secretary. The first few weeks of the quarter were taken up Kith getting settled in the new home and in carrying out the rushing plans. Quite a few novel parties were given.

Ou r first rushing affair was a Japanese party. The furniture ':Vas removed from our tvvo connecting front rooms, and floor pillows were substituted for chairs . In one room there was a very large parasol that covered the entire space. From the ribs hung tiny lanterns, in which the guests found their fortune~ in rhyme, as they marched around the room to music and stopped at a given signal. The reading of the fortunes caused mnch 1nerriment. Then paper and pencils were distributed and each one present was fxpecterl to write a Japanese story not exceeding twenty-five words in length. A prize was given for the best story. Dancing followed, after which '~ served ri ce and lemon sauce with chopsticks. There was a great deal of fu ~1. of course, as most of our attempts were ve ry ludi crous. These chopsticks we hacl planned as souven irs of the occasion, so you can imagine our consternation when those ordered failed to a rri ve a expected.

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51

It was an Alpha Sig brother, an instructor in the manual training department of our college, who finally came to our rescue by making thetD for us. Later tea and wafers were served, the server sitting on a rug in the middle of the floor, and each girl bowing low as she received her cup. There was some splendid solo dancing by Julia Briggs, and just before the party broke t:p a flashlight was taken, so that each might have a reminder of the attractive setting and the pretty costumes of the many guests.

On October third we gave a dance at Swigert Hall in town with fifty couples present. The guests included several faculty people. Alumnae from out of town were Jewell Duncan, Louise Estill, :Mabel Holcomb, Lettie 路M errick, Clara Mudra, Hortense Stauder and Lennye Tucker. A week later we entertained with a very pretty dinner party. Our colors were most effectively carried out. in the decoration. There were bowls of salvia, red candle shades, and ,attractive place cards decorated with yellow chrysanthemums . Toasts and sorority songs came between the courses, Hertha Cornish serving as mistress of ceremonies, and introducing the peakers and her subject with original rhymes.

The general idea was the four viewpoints from which the society would be seen, so Vanda Mitchell talked of the undergraduate's point of view, Miss Root from that of the faculty, while Alta Lorenz Fair told us what the alumnae expected of Alpha Beta, and Mrs. M. D. Campbell spoke of the organization from the viewpoint of the patroness.

The路 final event was a joint party given at the Atlas Club Roon1s by Alpha Sigma Alpha and Sigma Sigma Sigma. It had been decided to try this idea again, because it had worked sowell Lefore by eliminating friction the night before Bid Day, when each tried to secure the contested r'..tshees. Under this joint party arrangement, both sororities had all the girls all the time. ~1ost of the evening was spent in dancing. The refreshments were ice cream and home-made cake. After these were served the guests went home, while th~ two sororities remained to dance and visit with each other. The idea worked out admirably, for when the freshmen expressed the ir preference for one or the other society, there was practically no feeling of resentment on the ])art of anybody, even if a very desirable girl was lost to one's rival.

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Our pretty pledging service was given within a few days, and just a little later we held the impressive initiation at Svvigert Hall, with a dance afterward to introduce our new girls to our friends. We have already told you that we secured twelve, all of them splendid. Six of them are town girls, Hila Hall, l<.o -e Murphy, Louise Sublette, Lenora Vanskike, Nell Wells and Berrien Williams. The others are Edna Deuel, of Sedalia; Orene Fagg, of Centralia; Ella Neil, of Hannibal; Letma Elms, of Queen City; Virginia Shouse, of Shelbina, and Carmen William , of Moberly.

JuLIA BRIGGS and

]EAN M cKrNLEY.

The Kirksville Alumnae Association is making many interesting plans for the year, and is giving the college chapter splendid support at all times. Its membership roll is large and includes Mrs. E. C. Brott, Mrs. Virgil Bufford, Mrs. Mau rice Clark, Callye Davis, Mrs. Richard DeWitt, Mrs. Charles A. Epperson, Mrs. Eugene Fair, Mayme Foucanon, Helen Gardner, Mrs. Paul Higbee, Janet and Virginia Howell, Mrs. Hoyt Ives, Mrs. William P. Kruse, Mrs. Frank Moon, Mrs. David Pearl, Mrs. Clarence Potter and Mrs . E . G. Starr Mabel Luepkes was married two years ago to ]. Frank Moon, but kept the wedding a secret until her husband returned from overseas .

Florence Kerr was married on Apri l 26 to Mr. P. H. Lasley. The new home is at 1780 Auburndale Ave., East Cleveland, 0.

Beryl Shaw was married to Clarence Potter in May. Another bride of that month was Ida Brewington, who was married on May 21 to Mr. Vail Pittman, a promii1ent Nevada mining and newspaper man. Mr. Pittman was the manager of the "Tonopah Miner" for a number of years, in addition to' having many mining interests. Mr. Pittman is at present associated with~ the United States Shipping Board, with headquarters in San Francisco, so the young couple will make their hom<:: in that metro polis at 1111 Pine street.

Yi Ida A. Jewett has returned to her pos ition on the faculty of the University of Missouri, and will, as last year, act as chaperone at the Delta Delta Delta house.

Rita Husted was married on June 24 to Dr. Cecil Compton, a graduate of the 1918 class of the American School of Osteopathy. The new home is to be in Warrenton.

Marie Turner and Albert Steinback were married on July 9, and will make their home in Illinois.

Mr. and Mrs. William Moorman Boone Jr. (Carey Butler) have announced the birth of their daughter, Martha Lee, on July 23, 1919.

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Willett of Stanberry have announced the marriage of their daughter, Jeanne, to Grover C. Ram ey on September 14. Mr. Ramsey, as well as Jeanne, is a graduate of Teachers College.

Both are planning to teach in Albany, Mo., where the new home is to be.

Grace McGinnis, who was initiated by Epsilon Epsilon, but who

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53

was associated with Alpha Beta last year, was married to Maurice Clark in June. The wedding was a very quiet one, owing to a recent bereavement in the family. Mr. Clark is a graduate of the Teachers College, and is a member of Phi Lambda Epsilon. He has gone into partnership with hi s f ather.

Edith Gamble and Louise Estill spent the summer in California.

Edith is now superintendent of schools in her home town.

Several A lpha Betas were enrolled for work at Ch icago University this summer. Ida A. Jewett, Lucile Nickell and Rhea Pearson were among them.

Zilpha Bowling will teach in Superior, Col., this year, and as she is but a half hour's ride from Denver, she should have an opportunity to meet some of our Beta Beta girls.

Hester Caldwell of Beta Beta was m Kirksville for: a sho路rt time during the summer and had an opportunity to meet some of the Alpha Beta girls .

Mr. and Mrs. Paul L. Jones (Lena Newmeyer) have announced the birth of their son, John Paul, on September 21, 1919.

Kirksv ille is going to miss greatly the Whitelock family, which has moved to San Diego,' Cal. Haz el, howeve r, is p lanning to tea ch this year in Eureka, Mont: Elizabeth Uhe and her moth er are to make their home in Edina.

Ida A. Jewett has the profound sympathy of the whole sorority 111 the death of her eldest brother.

Mr. and Mrs. John C. Stewart (Salome Smith) have announced the birth of their son, John Smith Stewart, on September 13, 191Y. Elizabeth Rippey has been pledged to Delta Delta Delta at the Uni versity of Missouri.

Monna E lm s visited Alpha Beta while in Mis souri, but has returned to her position as dietician in St. Marg:tret's Hospital, in Pittsburgh, Pa. Willie George is teaching at Caldwell, Idaho.

Dr. W. E. Costolow, husband of Olivia Hill Costolow, received his discharge from the Navy, and is now associated with the famous Mayo Brothers, surgeon ;, of Rochester, Minn.

Mary Murphy is at the Army Hospital in Denver, Colo.

Ann Brewington, who saw serv ice at the Army Hospital at Fort Bayard, N. M .. has been appointed to the Kirksville faculty in the Commercial Department.

Alta Victor has a position in St. Louis .

Maurine Sparks is teaching in Okl ahoma.

COLORADO Commencement closed in a blaze of glory, both literally and figuratively, for never was the Colorado sky a more wonderful biue. or the Colorado sun more brilliant than during that festive

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week, and never did vve more fully appreciate our alma mater, our faculty, our colleg~' se tting, than during those glorious days .vhen we were together for the last time.

The ceremomes were ushered in with the Baccalaureate exercises, which were held on Sunday, June 8, in the College Auditorium. The preacher was Dr. George B. Vosburgh, of Denver, who made a most impressive address on the responsibilities that have come to America in the wake of the Great v..; ar, and especially to the teachers of America. The music on this occa.;wn was most inspiring, and was rendered by the College Chorus.

Immediately following the exercises there was a procession of the faculty, the graduates, the student body, and the visitors out to the beautiful college campus where vesper services were held.

The Glee Club furnished the music on this occasion. The brief address, "Pictures of the Great War," was given by Dr. E. W. Knowles of Greeley, who was just back from service in France, and who could paint very realistic word pictures of scenes in the trenches.

On Monday morning the Senior Fete was held in the College Chapel, and during the afternon that same building saw the same people gather for Class Day exercises. Our Frances Scott, as Class President, made a short address of welcome, and then, as the stage curtains were pulled back, presented the "Offerings . of the Nine Muses." The first muse to appear was Clio, Muse of History, in the person of our May Johnson. In a clever little talk she told the history of the class from its arrival until its farewell. All the other Muses came in turn, each bearing an cppropriate gift for the Class of 1919.

Monday evening came the Senior Play, which is also an annual event of Commencement \11/eek. The play chosen was Barrie's The Admirable Crichton . Any one familiar with Barrie knows the charm of his humor and his pathos. Our Frances was again in the limelight, for she played the part of Agatha, the youngest daughter of Lord Loon. \11/ e were all very proud 0f her, especially in the last act when she wore our sweet peas e1gainst her white evening gown.

Tuesday morning the last Chapel exercises were held. Chapel is always an important feature of our college life, for many famous people have been secured to talk to the student body at this time, and "Chapel Specials" are frequent . The u ual high stan-

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dards prevailed on this occasion. After the opening exercises and the usual announcements that are the joy of our Dean's heart, there was a new song, Hen:! s to our C. T. C., by our Glee Club, after which next year's president of the Student Association was inducted into office. Our C allege was the subject of the next part of the program, and consisted of four talks by members of the student body, the speakers talking on the Campus, the Seniors, the Teachers, and the College. You will here notice that the initials of these four words are the ones that designate our alma mater,-C. S. T. C. The tribute to the Teachers was given by our Neoma Ericson, whose talk abounded in humor.

Proud as we were of the speech itself, the biggest honor that came to us was the fact that Neoma had been selected by the faculty to make the address. The approval of our fellow students we all desire, but faculty appreciation is the goal we would most like to attain.

Tuesday evening President Crabbe entertained the faculty, ~-raduates, students and their friends at a Promenade Concert on the Campus. The evening proved to be ideal, for the air was balmy and there was a lovely moon to lend enchantment to the scene, besides many twinkling lanterns in the shrubbery. President and Mrs. Crabbe received at the entrance to the Administration Building, where there was a most effective arrangenl.ent of Japanese hangings and lanterns. Directly in front of this building is a large circle. This had been enclosed with green boughs, with only a small a~erture left for an entrance. In the centre of this leafy bower was a large table carrying an enormous basket of flowers. Benches and chairs were grouped comfortably about this, and delicious refreshments were served to the ;ruests by girls gowned in white. At another point on the campus, there was a Japanese pagoda covered with wisteria, where members of the faculty serveq punch. Within the lilac circle Harmony Hunt and his orchestra gave a charming program.

The beautiful music, the twinkling lights, the glorious evening, !路he meeting and greeting of friends, have left an impression that can never be effaced.

Next morning occurred the 29th Annual Commencement of Colorado Teachers College. Promptly at ten o'clock the graduates arrayed in cap and gown formed in line, and led by the gorgeously arrayed faculty, marched to the lilac circle, where

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the exercises were held. The address was given by His Excellency, the Governor of the State, the Hon. Oliver H. Shoup.

His subject was State Problems of the Da-y, and was handled in a r.1asterly manner. Following the address, Dean Tobey of the Junior College presented the many candidates for the Pd. B. degree, and among them our eight two-year girls, ora Cutting, Genevieve Dupuy, eoma Ericson, Maria Inge, May Johnson, l\lary 路 ioore, Margaret Phelps and Frances Scott. Then Dean l\tiller of the Senior College presented those who were candidates for the A . B. degree, among whom was our Dorothy Dakin.

Finally Dean McCracken of the Graduate College presented his candidates for the A. M. degree. The ceremony was very dignified and most impressive.

Beta Beta was most fortunate in having a number of its graduates back for part or all of the week, in addition to those who are always on the ground by reason of their residence in Greeley.

T he out-of-town girls here were Carrie Mae Diggs, L ena Mayer, Nfary Paden and Edith Ramsay. It was a great pleasure for Lhose who had been in college together in the past to renew old associations, and the newer members counted themselves most fortunate in being able to meet in the flesh those whom they felt that they already kne.w so well through others. The closing days of .college, however, were so crowded with ceremonies and inescapable duties that we did not find the opportunity to be with one another as much as we would have liked.

Realizing this probable condition, we had arranged for a house party at Estes Park immediately after Commencement, in order that our last days together might be freed from interruptions. About fifteen of uS were able to go, so, early on Thursday morning, three car loads of us started for the park, with Mrs. Abbott as nominal chaperone, but she was so ready to enter into all our sports that never once did she seem to be acting in that capacity. About noon we arrived at the roomy cottage we had rented on the Big Thompson, with mountains in front and behind.

Remaining only long enough to dispose of our baggage, we sta rted on a tramp that led to a bubbling spring, where we ate our lunch around a big campfire. After luncheon we divided our elves into partie , as some wanted to do one thing, and otheranother. 1\Jay Johnson and Dorothy Dakin, not being from

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mountainous States were ambitious to climb one of the mountains that seemed so enticingly near. They selected Old Sheep's Nose, and after some good stiff climLing actually did reach the top. Others to whom mountains are an old story walked up the trail to the Wigwam, where they spent a most delightful afternoon. Genevieve Dupuy and Carrie Mae Diggs, 路who had hoped to snatch a little nap, found the mocntain air so conducive to sleep that they lost out on both of the expeditions. At supper time, however, >ve were all back at the cottage, hungry as bears, yet full to the brim with our different adventures.

In the ev~ning we made a gigantic camp fire, and gathered around it to sing and toast marshmallo'"'路s, until the moon came up over the mountains, turning all the world to silver. It was hard to leave such an enchanting scene for so prosaic a thing as a bed, but our day had been long, and there was another strenuous one ahead, so finally we sought the heavy rugs that we had spread upon the floor of , the porch. Any one who has ever slept out doors in the mountains knows the magic of the frosty nights that . are such a surprise after the warm days. We were up betimes in the morning, for we had planned to climb to Bear Lake, one of the many that dot the Park. Three of us hired horses from the village, some went in the car with Mrs. Abbott, but most of us tramped the whole distance.

We left for Greeley early in the morning, because we wanteel to do the trail by daylight, as well as to eat our supper beside a glorious waterfall in the canyon. Altogether it was a mar\'ellous trip, and no one could have had a ha.ppier time than we.

If a reunion house party ever could be arranged at the cottage, there is no question but every one of the group would make ;dmost any sacrifice to be present, no matter how far away.

Those of us who had the good fortune to be included in the trip this year are deeply grateful to the Tisclells, to Florence Mason's father, and to Mrs. Abbott, who , made all the arrangements, took t:.s to the Park, and planned our good times there.

Although our college does not continue the sorority activities during the summer session, there were quite a number of ASAs in Greeley at that time. Aside from tho se who live in the town, there were nine attending classes, Vera (<Jmpbcll, Doroth y Dakin, Carrie Mae Diggs, Alice Mason, L ena l\!Iayer, Ethelyn Rhiner, Anna and Esther \i\Theaton. all of our own chapter, and l\'[ilclrecl

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Guiles of the Kirksville Chapter. A member of Theta Zeta Beta was also enrolled for work, Lillian Richart, who hopes soon to become a member of Beta Beta.

The new college year did not open until September 29, but it had a record enrollment of four hundred and seventy-five. Beta Beta not only returned eight of its own girls, Emily Buck, Fay Burnison, Grace Hazlett, Florence iason, Ethel Olinger, Maurie Perkins, Mildred Schaefer and Anna \iVheaton, but it also had the rare good fortune to have an Alpha Beta, Mildred Guiles, affiJ.iate with it. Fay Burnison is serving as President, and Florence lVIason as Secretary. Since all but two of the returning girls live in town, Beta Beta has no house at present, though it is considering such a possibility, should it take many out-of-town girls into the chapter this year.

The first social event of the Fall was a reception and dance given by the College Faculty on October 3. This afforded an excellent opportunity for the new students to meet their professors socially, and it also gave all the sororities a chance to meet the new girls. The very next evening the entering class staged its Freshman Frisk, which was a mo · t informal affair, as the name would imply. A lantern parade and a big bonfire were the principal features of the evening. Rush season opened the second week, bringing' in its train a succession of delightful social affairs for the rushees.

Our first party was given at the hom.e of Mrs. E . B. Smith, one of our patronesses . Her pretty bungalow with its cozy fireplace is an ideal setting for a party. Cards formed the entertainment for that evening. A few days !ater we had a theatre r;arty. Another evening Emily Buck gave a dance for us at her home. Mildred Guiles followed with a Stunt Party, at which each A SA was called upon for something that would contribute ~o the fun of the evening. Afterwa rds there v.·as dancing. Our l::~rg­ cst affair was a formal dinner given at the College Clubhouse:, a most delightful place for holding any social affair, because it was built with the idea of providing just the right sort of backg-round for festive occa ions.

Very little decoration was needed, because the Clubhouse is ~o beautifnl itself, but our red candles and some brilliant aatumn folia12·e ar!ded just the right note of color, while our palms made certain nooks and corners look most effective. The dinner· was

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a five course affair, and was served beautifully. The favors 路were lovely little purses of green leather stamped with the Sorority letters in gold. They were the work of our Mildred Schaefer, wh(JSe artistic ability is the pride of Beta Beta.

Panhellenic had put a fifty dollar limit on rushing afbirs, sc our last stunt was a picnic at Island Grove Park. It was a glorious day, such as Colorado only knows how to produce, and neve r diu the wienie roast and the other good things that always accompany it taste better. Our alumnae were most helpful on this occasion by loaning their cars, but they have been perfectly splendid at all times, and we owe a great deal of our success to them.

We have the la7C~)!e'l' system o拢 bidding, as it is called, all bids being sent out through one member of the faculty, and those bid being told merely that they have an invitation from some so rority.

They are instructed, however, to list the sororities in the order of their preference. As soon as these lists are received, each sorority is advised concerning the names of the girls who have chosen it. B_eta Beta looked the best to eight channing girls, and so we have the pleasure of introducing to you the following lyvely girls, Morna Beebe of Fort Collins, l\'I artha Gardner of Denver, Lois Greer of Greeley, Inez Nicholson of Arvada, Esther Shultis of Greeley, Ruth Wilson of Rock Springs, 路wyo., F lorence \iVolf of Grand Junction and Ruby Worley of Colorado Springs. Initiation is to come at a time when as many as possible of our alumnae can return for it, as we are intending lo make the day a red-letter one in every way by holding an alumnae reunion at the same time.

DoROTHY DAKIN and ANNA WHEATON. Greeley alumnae have organized an association. The fir st meeting was held at the home of Ada Baker, and arrangements were made for regular gatherings on the second Saturday of every month. The present roll carries the names of Ada Baker, Alice Mason, Ethelyne Rhiner, Clara Turner, Blanche Weidman, Esther Wheaton and Mrs. George P. Woodbury.

Most of the 1919 graduates are teaching, but Frances Scott is doing art work for one of the papers of Fort Worth, Texas. The positions, so far as known, are: Nora Cutting and Dorothy Dakin, in Clayton, N. M.; Genevieve Dupuy, in Tinmath; Neoma Ericson, in Rocky Ford; Maria Inge, in Holly, and Margaret Phelps, in Denver.

Of the earlier graduates, Grace Paden is teaching in Cheyenne, Wyo.; Edith Ramsay, in Burley, Idaho; Esther Wheaton, in Windsor.

Rae Broman has had a second serious hospital experience. She is

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making her home in Greeley at present with her sister, irs. Tyndall Snyder.

The engagement of Ada A. Baker to Sterling Miner has been announced.

Lela Sargent met her Prince Charming at Miami, Fla., where she taught last year, and married him on June 1st at Pensacola, where he happened to be stationed at the time. Ensign L. T. Kittredge is his name, and just at present he is a naval aviator in Uncle Sam's service, but before he enlisted he was a teacher of manual training in the schools of Portland, Me., where all his people live, and where the new home will probably be established.

Ruth M. Criswell was married on June 18 to Earl C. Wilson, who has a large farm near Paonia.

A little brow,n-eyed baby, by the name of George Baker, has obeen making his home with Mr. and Mrs. George Woodbury (Frances Baker) since June 15.

Mabel Shultis became Mrs. Harry Owens on June 25. Mr. Owens saw service in France, but has bought a ranch near Barnesville . .

Irene Sawyer was married .on August 30 to Marcus Sherrill. Their home is in Fort Morgan, where Mr. Sherrill is chemist for the Great Western Sugar Company.

Mr. and Mrs. E . E. White have announced the marriage of their daughter, Esther Lenore, to Dr. Ray Clark VanAken of Julesburg on September 1.

Another September wedding was that of Vera Weidman to Franklin Hemphill, who is superintendent of schools at Burns, Wyo. Mr. Hemphill is a graduate of C. T. C. and fought with our army in IFrance.

Our hearts go out in deepest sympathy to Hester Caldwell in the loss of her beautiful sister.

Vera Campbell, who was graduated with an A. B. in 1916, has returned to college as assistant librarian.

Another whose return to Greeley will mean much for the success of Beta Beta is Clara Turner, who has charge of domestic science 111 the public schools.

There were twenty-three Alpha Sigs in Greeley this summer as residents, visitors or students. Eighteen of them had a picnic together on July 16 at Island Grove Park.

Ensign Ber.t Berry, husband of Rebecca Berry, is still in the Navy. being stationed in Cuban waters. He has yet to see his little daughter Dixie.

Mrs. Carl T. Brunson and husband spent a delightful two months in the south in the late fall.

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OKLAHOMA

Commencement was the last week in May, and was opened with a clever burlesque by the Seniors on May 21. The next day brought the Senior Class Reception, to be followed tvvo days later by the Senior Picnic. In the evening we had the last of our sorority celebrations . Mrs. Munson who gave the party for us, called. it a Hermes Party, so everything was suggestive of our famous Greek god. There was a delicious four-course suppe~, followed by toasts given by both alumnae and undergraduates Then there was a simple but impressive service for our Patronesses and the presentation of an ASA spoon to our beloved ·:\r rs.

Faulkner who was leaving us soon. The rest of the evening was spent in progres.s ive games.

On May 25 came the Commencement sermon by Rev. F. M Masters, President of the Shawnee Baptist UniYersity, and the next day the banquet given by the Juniors in honor of the Seniors. On May 25_came the Senior Play, Stop Thief, which was unusually successful, and. on May 28 occurred Commence· ment, the speaker of the occasion being Dr. \V. W. Phelin, Dean of Education at the University of Oklahot)1a. Among those who received diplomas were our Elinor Abernathy, Jennie Hays and Lydia Rank. There was just one big regret about the whole season and that was the fact that Pres. and Mrs. Faulkner, whom we all liked so well, were to leave us for their new hotn:e in Norman, where Pres. Faulkner is to be the Superintendent of Schools.

• \:Vithin a short time after Convocation, the summer session was in full swing with an enrolment of over six hundred. Gamma Gamma had five of its chapter come back for work, and six others who had been out teaching returneu for their diplomas. Very soon afterwards, however, we were able to add to these eleven veterans the names of three other enthusiastic girls through the initiation of Edna Hockenberry, a pledge of last summer, and of two former Sorosis Club girls, Zula Cott of Okmulgee and Edna Dail of Cherokee.

Panhellenic decided to have but little rushing, and therefore limited the social affairs to one party, this to be given in alpha]Jetical order according to the names of the sororities . Consequently we led out, the others following in clue order. Our one evening was spent at the Liberty Theatre, with an entertainment

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after the play at the home of ?\lrs. Louis Miller, where we ha<l a most delightful time. It was a simple matter to win Helen Healey of \iV oodward and Hazel Nash of Ingersoll, for they haJ long known and liked our group, but luck came our way in the case of the other girls we bid too, so we have the pleasure of relling you also that we secured ten additional pledges. Alice Allen of Okeene, Emily Barnes of Marshall, Minnie Caldwell of Vlaukomis, Eva Cooper of 路w atonga, Bess Elliott of Wakita, and Frances Snow of Alva were initiated on July 1 together wiLh Helen Healey and Hazel Nash. Our four other pledges will be initiated later.

School life flowed on as usual during the summer. There was a most interesting Chautauqua course, and there were several well known men who came to speak to us at special chapel service<;.

What with all these things, the picnics and social affairs arranged by the students, and such good times as we had together regularly twice a week as a group, the time passed very quickly, and Convocation was upon us again. On this occasion we extcuded good wishes to six of our girls who received diplomas, Minnie Calvin, Eugenia Huddleston, Hattie Knight, Elsie Soli. Susie Stone and Velma Thomas.

There followed the usual brief vacation between Quarters, and then ten of us found our way back to our nruch loved campus with its beautiful and stately buildings. 路 The ten were Ethel Albright, Alice Allen, Lucille Chew, Rhea Fetzer, Margaret Frawley, Helen Healey, Edna Hockenberry, Lora Patterson, ?-,;! arion \Vinters. and Frances Snow, who, however, returned as IVIrs. John Hyde, since she had been married on August 20.

Ethel Albright was elected to the Presidency and Lora Patterson to the Secretaryship.

The new faces among the faculty soon made us aware that all things are subject to change. The most important oue was that occurring in the Presidency. We were sorry indeed to have Mr. Faulkner go, bet our new President, James P. Battenberg, is proving very popular. He is a man of magnificent physique and of magnetic personality, in addition to having made a remarkable record in the State as an educator. His wife is t charming, and has succeeded in getting very clo:e to the heart of every girl in the student body.

In the En rrlish Department we nri s 1r. Hinshaw ::mel .\Iiss \Vatt. although their places are most ably filled by f..1r. ::\1. J.

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GriffJi:h and our own Miss Shockley. It seems wonderfully fine to have lVIiss :i\tlaucl Morris back from her year in France, to which she was sent by the 1-'ederated vVomen's Clubs of Oklahoma, for she has much to tell us of her experiences in that battlescarred Janel . There was a little terror in our hearts lest we might be called upon to give up Miss Pearl Crawford, who served as Faculty Adviser for Delta Sigma Epsilon during the absence of Miss Morris, and who has been on the National Council since convention. She was married on August 6 to Mr. Sabin C. Perceful of the Department of Physics, but, since she has promised to teach this year at least, we have no further fear of losing her just yet.

Soon after school opened President Battenberg suggested that all the student organizations should have special programs at the chapel hour. In arranging for the schedule of dates, he had the happy thought of placing the groups alphabetically, and, as that made Alpha Sigma Alpha responsible for the first program with only one week for preparation, you may imagine ti1at we were pretty busy selecting something appropriate, and then getting ready to give it. '0le fir.ally decided on the pantomine known as the Bachelor's Dreamâ&#x20AC;˘. It shows a young man lulled to sleep by soft music. As he dreams, there come visions cf his former sweethearts, one by one, each a beautiful picture in herself until superseded finally by the "Home Girl" in bridal veil and orange blossoms. We were amch complimented upon our efforts, but we feel that the greatest credit should be given to those who so graciously assisted us. Elinor Abernathy's aunt helped us with the costuming, Mrs. Perceful of our Expression Department put the finishing touches on our complexions, and JVIrs. Bogue of the Piano Department played the dreamy strains of T1'aumerei while the tableaux were being staged.

President Battenberg's idea worked out beautifully and would be well worth trying in other places, for it engenders a fine college spirit and means team work in organizations that may not go out for that sort of thing especially. The programs varied greatly.

The Debating Club, which one would naturally expect to present something serious and a trifle heavy, put on a humorous skit that we laughed about for days. The Y. M. and Y. W. program came shortly after the return of the delegates from the big conference in Hollister, Mo., so there were many speechs about the work these two great organizations did in the \i\Tar, and

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about their plans for the future, but the meeting prove<i most inspiring and interesting.

While we have been talking about these student affairs we have wandered away perhaps from the one thing in which you are most interested, our success in rushing. Panhellenic again insisted on simplicity, so there was only one week of rushing.

Sorority material did not seem so plentiful as in the summer, so only a few bids were sent out by any of the sororities. We had one pledge left over from another rnsh season, Alice Vaughan of Lambert, and we extended only three bids, all of which were accepted. The three girls are Jamie Hayes of Waynoka, Bernice McCready of Lambert and Exopa Mayfield of Harper, Kans. ~ot many of our out-of-town alumnae could be with us for initiation on October 13, but we were so fortunate as to have Maud Sunderland Walker present.

Athletics is getting a great deal of attention at Northwestern this year. A splendid and most attractive gymnasium is nearing completion, and is promised by New Year's. That in itself is a big stimulus, but the greatest inspiration of all is our new coach, 路 Mr. Richard Johnson, who trained the all-victorious Pacific Coa st Naval Team last year. Coach Johnson has Indian blood in his veins, and was educated at Carlisle, the famous Indian college in Pennsylvania, vvhere he won his spurs in games played against the great Eastern colleges, so he not only J(nows how to play the games in true sportsmanlike spirit, but he knows also the value of good, hard team work, and of a good backing by college and town. Our Rangers have shown marvellous improvement under his training, and have won many games, though they have played often against teams with reputations for winning. One of the most exciting games here on the home field was the victory over Ada, a rival Normal School, when the score ended 39-0. Of course, you always send a band along with your boys whenever they leave town, but there is a doubt in our minds as to whether you ever send along a cheer leader quite the equal of ours. Not only is he a marvel of lung power, but he is likewise a marvel as to his costume, which resembles somewhat that of a clown, but which is literally covered with the pennants and streamers of every campus organization. Our own contributio~1 to his gorgeous attire was a pennant of green satin bearing our three letters in white, crimson and gold.

Perhaps Gamma Gamma may be too proud of i\iorthw estern,

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of its scholarly faculty, of its campus activities, and of all the other things that are such an intimate part of college life, and perhaps, like Benjamin Franklin, we shoulJ cover our pride with a cloak of seeming humility, but there are some thing-s about ourselves that we think we may really be pardoned for mentioning at this time. One of the facts about which we are particularly proud is that our Prof. Wyatt, who recently returned from J<rance, has been chosen by the Federal Government to supervise the recreation of the shell-shocked soldiers still in the vVashing-路路 ton hospitals. He had been so successful in similar work while in France that the Army Medical Staff desired to continue his ~crvices in the convalescent wards in the Capital.

We are regretting deeply the loss of Mrs. Florence Fallon, critic teacher in our training school. She has accepled a position <IS teacher of Spanish in the Hughes High School of Cincinnati, 0. Perhaps she will not miss us. so much as we are missing her, but, if there are Alpha Sigs living in or near Cincinnati, we Lope that they will make her acquaintance, for she is well worth knowing.

A great honor has come to us through Miss Shockley, an honor in which the entire college shares. We mentioned last year the splendid work that she did as County Chairman in the many drives that were instituted for the various Liberty Loans.

This devotion on her part has been recognized by the Government, for she has recently received a handsome medal from the United States Treasury Department. Sorority honors have come her way also, for she had the distinction ofbeing asked to address the Kansas City Convention of Sigma Sigma Sigma in August. Later she was one of three Alva people selected as delegates to the Association of Educational Sororities in St. Louis. Now, in her capacity as Sorority Visitor, she is to act as the representative of Alpha Sigma Alpin wherever we have a chapter. How you ail will love her!

Gamma Gamma has a new patroness, Mrs. Jack Carter of Alva. She was formally received into our delightful group of patronesses by a little ceremony, and this was followed by an informal party, at which there was plenty of opportunity for her to become acquainted with all of us. vVe are making it a matter of some importance in Gamma Gamma to get to know our gracious patronesses, and so we have divided ourselves into oroups to visit each one of them in turn. vVe can not but receive

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great benefits ourselves from such friendly contact with women of charm, but we hope too that they will come to know something of our Sorority ideals, and thereby become more interested in Alpha Sigma Alpha.

EDNA HocKENBERRY and LORA PATTERSOJ\'.

Gamma Gamma alumnae had the good fortune to meet quite a few of their sisters from other chapters while at summer schools. Annabel Harris, Edith Harris and Ethel Utterback attended Oklahoma University and there met a number of ASA girls from other chapters, whom th ey found jolly companions on several occasions.

Hilda and Lydia Rank, together with Grace }:fauntel and Glenn McGill, went quite a bit farther from home to the University of Colorado. Early in July they and ASA's from 路 four other chapters had a picnic together up in the mountains. The others present on this delightful trip were Sarah Martin and Marion Welch, from Epsilon Epsilon; Margery Byram, from Zeta Zeta; Sue Parr, from Alpha Beta, and Edith Taylor, from Beta Beta. All these girls, with the exception of Sarah Martin, were in summer school and saw each other often.

The marriage has been announced of Nora Crabtree to Claude Baird. Mr. Baird was a Y. M. C. A. worker at Camp Pike during the war, but is now in charge of manual training in the Woodward High School.

Another marriage of interest is that of Eva Cooper, a summe1 initiate, to Mr. Elmer Frazier. They will make their home at Lambert on a big farm.

Belle Byers was married to Mr. Paul Beck in the spring. They are living at 220 Maple stFeet, Stillwater.

A more 路recent marriage was that of Pearl Eaton to Mr. Clarence Reynolds of Pond Creek.

The wedding that will hold the most interest for the earlier alumnae is that of Lorinda Mason to James Arthur Lane of Alva. This is the happy ending of a romance of years, for the two were sweethearts even in grade school days, and were graduated from the Normal School in the same year. Arthur always seemed to belong to Gamma Gamma, so we were deeply concerned over his safe return from France, and we are rejoicing greatly that he has accepted a position in the Alva State Bank, for that means that the young couple will still be a very essential part of Gamma Gamma.

Grace Mauntel has decided to continue her studies at Colorado State lniversity, where she was enrolled for work last summer. Her address IS 1130 Pleasant avenue, Boulder.

Mildred Foster is at the University of Kansas this year.

Olive Anderson is attending Southwestern College. in Winfield, Ka ., where she has become a member of Sigma Pi Phi, a local literary society.

Eth el Feese is working for a degree in science at the State College of Kansas in Manhattan.

Blan che Rackley is teaching at Shattuck

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ATHENS Commencement at Ohio University had much of its old-time brilliancy this year, for there was no cloud of anxiety hanging over us as in 1918, vvhen no one knew what the next day might bring forth. It seemed good to be freed of that dreadful burden, to know that War was no longer making ruins of all that was sacred and beautiful. Of course, there can never again Ge for us >vho passed through that experience quite the care-free enjoyment of pleasure that there was before, for vVar has left its scar on the lightest heart, even as it did on the hearts of our grandmothers, who knew it at much closer range here in Southern Ohio in the '60s.

Delta Delta had nine graduates in June. They were only a few in comparison with the throng of graduates who received chplomas and degrees, but to us they were very dear, and so they seemed to fill our whole horizon. First there was our Naomi Caldwell, who can t1.ow add the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education to her name as a reward for the completion of a four-year course. Our two-year Elementary Diploma people were Ethel Goddard, Thelma Groome, Helen Hoffert and Margaret Larkin. Our Kindergartners were Ada Hard and Ruth Hartman. Marie Richter took her diploma in Voice, and Ruth Sawyer was graduated in Public School Music.

For a time after our return we could not seem to get used to the emptiness, for these girls had all been such a force in the university and in the chapter that it gave one a strange feeling to start in doing things without them, but after a while we realized the responsibilities that were ours in keeping up the standards they had established for Delta Delta, and we buckled right down to work. There was need to do this, because we returned only five of last year's group. We had expected at least seven, but Sara Long was prevented by illness, and Marie Richter found a st~pervisorship in public school music at Mt. Vernon too entic-ing.

However, we were so fortunate as to have Olive Culp of the original group come back to us, as well as one girl from the Miami Chapter, Marjorie Stranahan, who has entered our Commercial Depa.rtment. Olive Culp is President, and Alice Larkin is serving as Secretary.

Ohio University opened with approximately one thousand students. There were many faculty changes. Some of our fac-

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ulty who were in military sen路ice in France returned to us. including Prof. Whithou e, Prof. Cherrington, Prof. l\1acKinnon, Dr. Bentley, Dr. Jefferson and Mr. Kusge, but there were quite a few who found positions more to their taste in other colleges, or in other lines of work. The faculty change that affected Delta Delta most deeply was the departure of our widely-loved Prof.

Trendley, who was granted a sabbatical year, and who has gone vvith Mrs. Trendley to spend the winter in California. This deprives us, for a time at least, of one of our loveliest patronesses.

Dr. Isaac Emery Ash is in charge of Prof. Trendley's classes in rhilosophy and sociology.

Two other faculty changes wrought still further havoc with our list of patronesses, for Prof. and Mrs. Jones went to live in Beaver Darn, Wis., while Prof. and Mrs. McVey are now mak路 illg their home in Harvey, Ill. Another of our patronesses, Miss Edna Endley, was placed at the head of the School of Household Economics at the opening of college, and feels that he ought not serve as patroness to any group while in that position. vVe regret most deeply the loss of these charming women, who have meant so much to Delta Delta in the two years of its existC'nce, and hope that they will still keep a warm place in their hearts for Alpha Sign}a Alpha.

There were two changes, however, that brought honor to Delta Delta. One of these was the well-deserved promotion of our Faculty Adviser, Miss Elizabeth Garber, who is now head of 1he Department of Public School Music. The other affected a patroness, for Mrs. Frances \i\ialsh, wife of Dr. \1\Talsh, was apl'Ointed Assistant Principal of the John Hancock High chool.

Another thing that has made us all very happy was our beinrr able to secure as a patroness, Mrs. Garrett, a most charming woman and the wife of the financial secretary of the State Hospital. 'We !.ope that she will soon learn to like us as much as our other patronesses have.

Very soon after the opening of the University, theY. ).I. C. A. 2nd theY. W. C. A. gave their annual joint reception to the student body in our big gymnasium . More than five hundred students were there to renew old friendships and to get acr1uainted \'.'ith the new people. At the door each guest was given a lip of paper bearing a number, and -was told to find another person J,aving the same number. This device proved an excellent "mix-

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er," as everybody in the hall was intent on finding and conversing with some one else. After folks began to feel at home, there was a fine program with a few of the right sort of speeches. Later every one was served with ice cream and cake.

An innovation for Ohio University is the new hospital for women under the supervision of Dr. Smallwood. It looks fine, both inside and out, but, remembering how our dear Dean looked after us last year during the epidemic, we think we would prefer her mothering to the starchy supervision of a trained nurse.

Panhellenic this year forbade all rushing, as well as the wearing of any sorority jewelry the first week. It really was an excellent plan, for it gave everybody a chance to get started in the work of the college, while at the same time it enabled us all to get acquainted in a very natural way. Rushing expense was limited to twenty-five dollars, so there were no formal affairs at all. We gave movie parties and spreads for our rushees, and one evening we had a chafing dish supper at the home of Miss Garber.

Our first pledges were Marie Curry of Richwood aud Ruth Goodall of Green Springs, who is a cousin of Helen Goodall.

Both of .these girls will be initiated earlier than any subsequent members that we may get, because they have suffibent credits, while the average freshman pledge has to be in college longer to attain initiation. vVe were somewhat handicapped in our rushing this year, as there were not enough of us here to carry on a house. We were assigned a room in Cutler Hall, however, and this we were able to make most attractive with the furniture that we already had and some new pieces that the generosity of our alumae made possible. It makes a fine rest or study room for us, and it proved a very nice place to entertain in also on October 14, when we gave a party for our patronesses and our pledgees. Marie Curry plays beautifully, while Helen Hudson sings t~ne s u ;=dly well. so v;e ha d some excellent music during the evening. Much of the time was spent in dancing and in the singing of Sorority songs. For refreshments we served sandwiches, pickles, \ Va ldorf salad, coffee and cake.

Helen Hudson gave four of us who returned this year a won derful house party at her home in mid October. There is always ;:, Corn Carnival at Plain City at that time of the year, so there

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was much of interest going on all the time. On Saturday Thelma Groome, who also liYes in Plain City, and who was one of our group last year, entertained for the gi rls at a one o'clock luncheon.

That evening a jolly party of fourteen motored to a picturesque ~po t called "the Shack" for a bacon bat. Everybody came back to college tired but happy, and voting the Hudson the finest entertainers ever.

The vVoman's League always gives clever parties, but its i1•itial affair this year in the "Gym" on October 25 was exceptionally so. Each guest upon entering was given an envelope cont:tining some grains of corn. If one answered Yes or No to any question asked, one lost a grain of com to the questioner. This proved an excellent mixing device, ince it was so conducive to conversation. There was a prize for the girl who had the most grains of corn at the end of the game. The guests were then divided into gronps labeled Clowns, 1\II onkeys, Elephants, and other things characteristic of a circus. Each group was instructed to give a "stunt" suited to its name. There was no end of merriment in consequence. The next game was Alphabet, with five alphabets contesting, and the faculty wives acting as judges. ¥ / hen the time came for the refreshments, we were inst ructed to sit on the floor, and were much astonished at being given a ~mall candle and a plate. We were then told to light our candles.

After all were alight, the electricity was turned off. You can ~ca rcely imagine what a pretty picture the circle of girls made \Yith the candle light on their faces. But we soon discovered that the candles were to serve another purpose, for in a short time we were all toa ting marshmallows over them. While we were busily eng·aged in this pleasant pastime, a score of sheeted ghosts suddenly tripped into the centre of the circle and executed a weird dance. They uttered blood-curdling shrieks at interval , an d the effect >vas most uncanny. The Grand March brought t; to our feet, and the rest of the evening was spent in dancing.

Dean Voight has instituted Saturday morning hikes for the girls. O ur first was to a large watermelon farm along the river, y;here the owner turned us loose in the patch. The econd took ns to North Hill, where we harl a jolly break fa t of roasted wienies, buns, fruit, and some of the Dea n's famous coffee. Each time they are a little longer. The fourth one was a six-mile j;:,unt, so you see how rapidly we are getting into training. The

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fifth was a surprise, for the Dean had discovered an entirely uew road with much beautiful scenery. It rained, but our ardor was in no wise dampened, for we learned and practiced a new football song while hiking. Once when the rain eased up a little and we stopped for a few moment's rest, the Dean read us a charming story.

Speaking of football reminds me to tell you that we have a fine new grandstand on our athletic field, which is a credit to tl1e university, and which is filled to overflowing with ardent rooters any time that there. is a game on the home grounds. VI/ e have seen two big games here, the first when we played Muskingum and defeated them . 13-6, and the second when Heidelberg was our rival in a hotly contested game that finally stood 7-6 in fc>vor of Heidelberg. Away from home we lost to Akron 10-6 in a game played on a slippery field, but we more than made up for that when we defeated Kenyo'1 .at Gambier 19-7. â&#x20AC;˘ There are frequent mass meetings held for the girls. At the first one this year, Dean Voight gave a talk in her usual vigorous, heart-to-heart manner on Campus Ideals and Morals as a Prepamtion fo1' Afte?' Life. We are always inspired by one of her talks, and we look forward eagerly to the next one. The spirit 2mong the women students is finer than ever, for every girl seems to be sincerely interested in the welfare of all, and ready at a moment's notice to do anything she can to help along a coilege enterprise. Our second mass meeting was called for the purj;ose of letting us listen to Miss Louise Price, an alumna of our University, and at present at the head of the Cincinnati Girl Scouts. She was very anxious to enli st our interest in this movenlent, in order that we might carry on this splendid work in our home towns after college days.

The girls of Delta Delta are well represented in campus activities. Helen Hudson, besides being President of theY. W. C. A., is a member of Oyo, of Cresset, and of the Athenian Literary Society. Oyo is an honorary society for girls above freshman rank, while Cresset is an honorary organization for senior g-irl s.

Election depends upon scholarship and leadership. Emma Helsel is President of the Panhellenic Council. Marie Curry has been elected to membership in the Art Club. Ada Haun is on the Advisory Board of the Woman's League. 'vVe should have had the presidency too this year, the most important in the gift of

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the women students, had Marie Richter returned, for she vvas elected to that office in the Spring. Every member of Delta Delta is a member of the League and of Y. \111. C. A. Both are in a very flourishing condition.

AnA HAUN, Historian.

The Summer School ha d the largest enrollment in its history.

Ethel Goddard, Margaret Larkin, Dorothy Manz and Edna Usher were enrolled for work.

The Summer Camp of Delta Delta brought out a goodly number, and would have brought out more had it not been for the car strike, which kept away all those who were depend.i ng on the interurbans for transportation. As it happened, both Alpha Alpha and D elta Delta chose Buckeye Lake for their camps this summer, and the third week of August as the time, so the Athens girls had many opportunities to meet those from Miami. Delta Delta found the Alpha Alpha girls all that could be desired of ASA's which is saying much. The time passed most pleasantly in swimming, rowing and other sports, with the inevitable dancing in the evenings. Those present were Rebecca Eisenbrey and her sister, Mildred; Ferne Gooley, with her sister, Garnet; Helen Hoffer, with he r guest, Mae Black; Hilda Spies and her sister, Hazel, and Ada Haun.

Naomi Caldwell has a position in the Wapakoneta High School.

Grace Fultz, Ada Hard, Ruth Hartman, Lola Spies and Wilda Stuber are t eachmg in Chillicothe, s o are all members of that association. Lola is director of music.

Helen Hoffert has a position in the Toledo schools and is located at 618 Winthrop street.

Reba and Ruby Carey, Ethel Goddard and Margaret Larkin are teaching in Cleveland.

Dorothy Manz and Ruth Sawyer are teaching at Williamson, W. Va. Myrtle Fairman and Thelma Groome are together at Worthington.

Lucile Collins, Rebecca Eisenbrey, Hazel McGrew and Lucile Rea have positions in their home towns.

Sara Long's family has moved to Columbus for the winter, in order that she may have special treatments and so regain her health. The address is 953 Neil avenue.

H elen Millikin i also in Columbus, where she is in the employ of a famous fraternity jewelry firm, the D. L. Auld Company.

EMPORIA Commencement was much as usual. lt is always a gala time for the townspeople, as well as for the grad uates and their friends.

Epsilon Epsilon had five who received their life ce rtificates at this time, l\Iurrel Crans, Avis Jenkins, Madglyn Logeman, Fran-

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ces Potter and Gladys Pratt. Within a short time afterwards, Summer School was in full swing with an enrolment of two thousand five hundred. Four of our alumnae had faculty appointments, Rosalie Brigham, Lora Lock, Edna l\lcCullough and Georgia Snyder, while eight were enrolled for work, Erma Brown, Hazel Brown, Vesta Gross, Virginia Haynes, 1ladglyn Logeman, Faye Lock, Frances Potter and Elizabeth Smith. Miss Strouse, our Faculty Adviser, also gave her usual courses.

The large enrolment meant, of course, that the students lost their identity to a certain extent, especially as the Sororitie路s made no attempt to continue their activities as groups. Many of them rented their houses to advantage during this period, however, and several had tidy little sums to their credit at the close of the summer session. The School itself makes an effort to provide for a certain amount of social life, so ~hat the days need not be one steady grind for the students, most of whom are teachers. The biggest thing attempted this year was a Kampus Earnival, and this gave all the organizations a cl~ance to shine.

1t was held on the athletic field, and its purpose was the raising c, f money for the Memorial Chimes.

There was everything to eat and drink and make a noise. The side shows were very good, and everybody seemed to be enjoying every minute of the time.

Each sorority had a special assignment. The Alpha Sigs sold popcorn, peanuts and ctackerjack. Our booth was most attractive with its decorations of black and white, and with its two smart waitresses dressed in black with little frenchy caps and 2prons. Our supplies gave out long before the Karnival was over, so much in demand were they. The Karnival cleared $948 above all expenses, so it was an unqualified success.

College opened again on September 15, the enrolment at the ('nd of the first week being 981. This was an increase of nearly 250 students over the same time last year. The most promising aspect of the attendance this year is the large number of men.

Approximately one-fourth of the students are men . The upper classes compare favorably with those before the \Nar, and there are more seniors than in the fall of 1916, which was the banner year in attendance.

About twenty new teachers were secured by the Normal School this fall. They are scattered around through the various departments. The report of their achievements shows all of them

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to be of unusually high education and experience. i\lany of them are fairly young and all are full of enthusiasm.

George \;\i. McLaren, a graduate of the University of J: ittshurg, and All-American Fullback in 19117, is the new head of Physical Training for the School. Me. McLaren is said to be one of the best athletes ever turned out by the University of Pittsburgh. The quality of skill present at the practice games rromises better football for K. S. N. than ever before. Manyktter men are back after army life, and the securing of Coach McLaren, along with other inducements, has attracted a large number of fine athletes from many high schools in Kansas.

A School of Expression, modeled on the plan of our School oi Music, .has been established. Arrangements have been made for private lessons at fixed fees, as well as for regular class work, and one may get credit for the former as for the latter.

F . L. Gilson is the Dean of the School. His appointment is a most popular one, for his work on the faculty has always met with the highest praise. This summer he was on the faculty of the summer school of 0J orthwestern UniYer,ity.

Miss Mary Alice \Vhitney, connected for some years with 1he school as a teacher of history, and as Dean of Women for twelve years, resigned the first week of college Early in October t"he was married to Mr. T. C. Greene of Denver. Her successor is to be Mrs. Mary Nicholl Kerr, the wife of our Librarian, Dr. vVillis Holmes Kerr. Mrs. Kerr spent the last year in Paris, where she was associated with her husband, who had a year's leave of absence, at the headquarters of the American Library Association. Mrs. Kerr will not enter upon the duties of her office until the second semester.

Epsilon Epsilon returned three faculty members, Edna ::..IcCullough, Rosalie Brigham and N ell Grant, as well as eleven undergraduates, Erma Brown, Hazel Brown, Madge Brown, Ruth Gardner, Vesta Gross, Wilhelmina Gufler, Evelyn Hollingsworth, Dorothy Hooser, Lois Koontz, Sarah Martin and Ann Nanninga. Lois Koontz is serving as President and Evelyn Hollingsworth as Secretary.

Before, however, 'we get to talking about chapter affairs \\'e want to tell you about our wonderful house. It is the one house in Emporia that every fraternity and sorority has coveted for vcars because it is so attractive outside, and so beautifully fin-

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ished and furnished within. It is the property of Mrs. Gross, mother of our Vesta Gross, and was rented for six years to the Phi Sigma Epsilon fraternity. Every room has a fireplace, and the entire third floor is without partitions, so that it can be used as a sorority hall, as a dance hall, or as a dormitory. It is somewhat farther from college than most of the fraternity and sorority houses, so we take our lunches at the college cafeteria, but we breakfast and cline at home. It proved an ideal background for our rushing, but will be even more suited to formal entertaining.

The first meeting of the Panhellenic Council was September 26. Alpha Sigma Alpha has the presidency this year. Miss Edna McCullough was elected by Epsilon Epsilon as alumna member, Sarah Martin as upper classman, and Wilhelmina Gufler as lower classman. It was voted to have regular sorority meetings for all the sororities in school on Tuesday night, since opera practice comes on Monday night. Then every fourth Tuesday the Panhellenic representatives are to be excused from so rority meeting, so they may attend a meeting of the Council.

The new system of presenting bids to rushees was put into working order and was used effectively Saturday morning, Sep路路 tcmber 27, when Miss Dudley, acting in 路 the capacity of Dean of ~Nomen, called a meeting of all the rushees. The girls were told to write the list of sororities in the order of their preference and sign their names to the paper. They were then dismissed, and when they returned a half hour later, they were given one bid.

They wrote their acceptances immediately.

Rush week was begun by Epsilon Epsilon w-ith a line party to the theatre on Monday. Tuesday night all the rushees were ;--,sked to come clown to a Midnight Frolic at the house. The third floor was arranged like a roof garden with small tables lighted with red candles. The guests were escorted to the tables and given programs. Cute little waitresses carried buckets of cracked ice filled with bottles of apple cider ;1round to the guests. <1nd served them all during the program. After the show the tables were removed and everyone danced.

The folders were just like those handed to patrons at th e theatres, and carried many clever advertisements that were delicate slams on some of our members' pet foibles or hobbies. Nell Grant was advertising mana2;er, Sarah Martin stage manager.

The different vaudeville stunts were quite thrilling. There were

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the Drownie Acrobat , the "Dance of the Death S\\·ord"' by the Great \"allmova, a ··Biue Streak from Panama," some cinemagrams, and much good music by a child pianist and Mme. :\lagda, rhe noted prima donna. The Hungarian orchestra was directed

by Rosali Briggio. At the close of the performance all the zrtists came out in their gorgeous costumes ancl did a serpentine dance as they wound in and out am.ong the tables. As they e1anced they sang our old favorite, "0~1. the hill, when we go to college, we pledge to . S. A." On Thursday the rushees were asked to the house for a slumber party. It proved to be a lovely way in which to put them at ease in our new home. Friday evening we gave a clartee in our ballroom, which was decorated profusely with light green paper fringe. The many bay windows were turned into pretty cosy corners by means of pillows. The dance programs were in light green embossed with our coat-of-arms. The favors for the boys were balloon whistles.

Saturday afternoon we entertained at the park with a matinee dance, and served watermelon down by the old river clam in a most picturesque spot. That night the rushees were invited to the house again for another slumber party, at which we erved watermelon and laughter for refreshments. It proved an excellent menu, for everybody slept like a log. On Sunday the house was open to all our town girls, so· that they might run in at any time with any little rushee they might find idle.

Monday night we gave our formal dance at the Commercial Club down town . About three dozen couples were there. It v; as certainly a congenial bunch. The orchestra wa at its be t and the receiving line was not as advertised-a firing- squad-but a group of jolly boys and girls who started the guests off by making them feel perfectly at home. The favors were opera sticks and policemen's whistles. The programs were green, en¥raved with the seal, ancl were in the form of little books. Tt was a lovely cool night, and everything went off splendidly.

By this time we knew exactly whom we wanted to bid. ince we did not have to wait until the specified day, in the ca e of those who had been in school before, we were able to extend several invitations at once. On Thursday, therefore. we held a pledge service for Grace Allen of Lenexa, -:\Iildred Overton of X ewton, Lola Pier on of Emporia and her si ter, -:\Iarie, who is

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on the faculty and who was a member of our old local, Kappa Delta Theta; Violet Randolph of Fairview, and Ruth Wilson of Topeka.

Friday night, our last chance to show the rushees just how wonderful it is to be an Alpha Sig, we gave the loveliest dinner rarty at the house. Vve had two long tables to accommodate the forty girls. The tables were decorated with zinnias, ferns and n:d candles. The place cards were green engraved with the seal.

We sang between courses. Our patroness, Mrs. W. \V. Parker, and our Faculty Adviser, Miss Strouse, were there. The menu follows: Fruit Cocktail Chicken Turbot m Cups Riced Potatoes Buttered Peas Hot Twisters Cherry Preserves Spring路 Salad with Whipped Cream Olives Wafers Angel Cake Bavarian Cream Mints .

Coffee After the dinner we went to the third floor for dancing. Some of the fraternity men came to serenade us about twelve bells.

When the acceptances were received the following day, we found ourselves enriched by the prospect of nine new members, in addition to the six already mentioned. Five of them live in Emporia, Marie Jensen, Helen Johnson, Margaret Peters, Lillian Richardson and Marjory Thomas. The others are Anna Braley of Horton, Lorita Luce of Eureka Springs, Eugenia Smith, sister of Elizabeth Smith, and Helen Travis of Topeka.

A ll the pledges passed the examination for initiation with high averages, so the se rvice was to have been held soon after pledging, but there was some difficulty in getting the girls' grades Glt college. It seems that this year Epsilon Epsilon was the first sorority to ask the instructors for grades, and many of the teachers had not averaged the standing of their students, so initiation did not come until the first week of November. It was unusually lovely this year because there was plenty of room for the effective staging of the ceremony.

During the month Epsilon Epsilon held two informal house

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dances, and a very clever Hallowe'en dance. To each of these several members of the faculty who enjoy dancing were invited.

A plan for the entertaining of all the faculty is at present being worked out by the Chapter. It is not unusual to send invitations to the entire faculty for some formal affair, but it seems to us that it would be a much better plan to entertain a few at a time <tnd in this way get better acquainted.

The Gymnasium is fast becoming a community centre. Besides being the scene of the All-School Mixer twice a month, when there is always an opportunity for dancing, the Homer J. Ball Post of the American Legion secured it for the largest social event of the year. College parties are supposed to close at eieven o'clock, but the Governor of the State had given his consent for the use of the building for this purpose, so there was dancing until one o'clock. A five-piece orchestra, famous all over the Middle West, was brought from Kansas City for the occasion, and the "Gym" saw the biggest crowd there in all its history. Every Alpha Sig was at the dance.

This building saw another big party of quite a different sort, when the Girls' Athletic Association, of which every girl in school is a member, gave a picnic supper. The girls wore gym suits and romped and danced until they were lined up for the refreshments. After the supper there was an election of officers, at which our Ruth Wilson was chosen Secretary. An innovation this year was the election of two cheer leaders, whose duty it i to get the girls to learn the school yells and songs. They have ;1Jready done much to arouse college spirit and loyalty among the women. At the public games the girls are led by the men cheer leaders, and it has been the custom路 for many years for the girls to take part in the rooting. Recently, however, the propriety of the custom has been questioned. Those 路who advocate having the girls take part in the public demonstrations claim that there are more girls than boys in the school, and so the custom should be continued. We should be glad to hear from the rest of you on thi s point through the Phoenix.

Our Roosevelt Drive was closed by an address by our famous William Allen White, editor of the Emporia Ga:::ette, who talked on "Roosevelt as I Knew Him." His final tribute, after recounting many interesting things, was as follows: "It is the human s!de of the man that counts-the man about whom anecdotes are

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told-the man whose attributes stick out; it is he whose name \vill go down in history. We are all fundamentall y akin. There is a spark of the divine in every one, whether he be rich or poor, high or low, and until you realize this you have not the secret ot life. Go and get it. There is no better place to get it that 1 know of than to read a biography of Roosevelt."

SARAH MARTIN,

H istorian.

Two m o re Kappa Delta Theta alumnae, F ran ces Miller of Horton and Iola \Vade of Chanute, a re now ASA's. The beautiful ceremony of initiation was given for them on June 3. L ola was a charter member of Kappa D elta Theta.

A picnic in which fiv e chapte rs were represented, and in whicl-.

Epsilon Epsi lon had a sh are, was held in Bou lde r, Col., ea rl y in Jul y.

The girls went up near the mountains and ate supper. Marion Welch and Sarah Martin represented th e Emporia 01apter. The others were Hilda Rank, Lydia Rank ami Grace Ma untel of Alva, Edith Taylor of Greeley, Sue Pa rr of ,K irksvill e, Margery Byram of \iVarrensburg-. A ll the gi rls except Sarah :Martin were in summ er school and saw each other f r equently.

Ruth Payne married Mr. George N ilsson on August 9, and will liv( in Prescott, Ariz. Mr. N il sson is a lawyer and returned f rom overseaE duty th e day befo re the wedding.

Geo rgia Snyder was married on August 18 to Dr. Dan iel Peterson.

Dr. Peterson saw service in France. They are living at 1720 West Cong ress street, Chicago, to enable Dr. Peterson to do post-graduate work in surge1路y Gladys Pratt was married on August 19 to M r. Charles Irwin Lamb.

The new home is at 1742 Sherman street, Denver, Col. , where Mr. Lamb is connected with a bank.

Another marriage of interest to Emporia ASA's is that of Grace McGinnis to Maurice Clark of Kirksville, Mo., where Grace went to live with her g randmother, and whe re she affiliated with Alpha Beta.

June 22 saw the arrival at the hom e of our patroness, Mrs. Archie Hunter, of the stork with a precious parcel that has since been christened Howard.

Mr. and Mrs. Burritt H . Hill (Ethei Harris) of Neodesha have announ ced the birth of thei r son, Vl' illiam Harris, on Jul y 11.

Rosalie Brigham, Geraldine Mullinix, Sarah Martin, Ann and Rebecca Ott and Marion Welch spent their summ er in Colorado. During part of the time Ma rion was a student at the U niver sity of Colorado.

Upon her r eturn she enroll ed in the University of Ka nsas.

Ethel Ireland and Lora Lock attended the Coleman Dancing School in Chicago during the summer, as did Ruth Wi lson, a pledge of the

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fall. At this time Faye Lock was a student at the Summer School of K orthwestern University. â&#x20AC;˘ Nell Grant attended Summer School at Columbia University with a party of K. S. N. people, among them Miss Mary George, national secretary of D elta Sigma Epsilon. When the party went over to Boston for a weekend sightseeing trip, Ne ll a nd Miss George had an opportunity to spend one evening with ou r national president. Nell Grant also had the pleasure of finding Anna Schade of our Penn sylvania chapter enrolled at Columbia. The two ASA's saw quite a littl e of each other and took the trip to Wa shington together. On her way back home through Missouri, N ell stopped over at Unionville to vis it relatives. While there she met Anna Le:nen of Alpha Beta, but she lost out on a picnic of a dozen Alpha Sigs because she could not stay over another day.

Marie Pierson, who was a member of Kappa Delta Th eta, and who returned for work this fall , is such a gifted musician that the Department of Music pressed her into service at once. She is doing some teaching and is serving as accompanist for several musical orga nizati ons.

Marie was initiated into A . S. A. at the first of the three ceremonies held this year.

Irene Anderson, Magdlyn Logeman and E lizabeth Smith are all teaching in Atchison.

Ruth Scott is teaching at Alamena. She and Mary F ord e moto red to Wisconsin for their summer vacation and report a glorious trip.

After her return from France, Lida Hardy made a flyin g trip home of five days, after wh ich she returned to teach in Mt. Vernon, N. Y .

She ate Thanksgiving dinner in New York City with Adah Shearer and M-rs. Shearer. The Chapter hou se ha s am o ng it s choicest trea ures a beautiful pillow that Lida brought back from Pari as a g ift.

Among the alumnae who were able to get back for a visit with the chapter at the rushing season were Ma ude Barriga r, Harriett Hover, Avis J enkin s and Bess Weaver. Th e last named was the recipi ent of a miscellaneous shower just before the first call for breakfast one morning, in honor of her approaching marriage.

Maude Barrigar has gone to Caldwell, Idaho, whe re she is physical director f or girls in the high school. Maude expects to spend her summer at the Un ive rsity of California.

Murrel Crans has a position in the schools of Kansas City.

Frances Potter is teaching physical training in the schools of McPherson.

The Jenkins fam ily has moved to Bald win, in order that the younger sister may attend Baker Univers ity. Avi is teaching in th e city schoo ls.

Virginia Haynes is teach ing in the high school at J oplin , Mo., but expects to return to col lege the econd semester.

A November wedding, and a very lovely one, was that of E lizabeth \Veaver to James Adam, an Alpha Tau Omega of the Unive r ity of

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Kansas. Mr. Adam is the son of a prominent banker of Dunlap and is associated with his father in business. They are frequ ent vi sitors at the Chapter House.

The engagement has been announced of Ruth Scott to Mr. Charles F." Buck of Enterprise, Kas. Mr. Buck is a graduate of Kansas State College and a member of the Sigma Nu Fraternity.

WARRENSBURG

Since we told you so much about Commencement plans in our May letter, there is nothing thai we can add to that account, except to say that everything went off as scheduled and that all the affairs were as successful as they were delightful. Commencement was in striking contrast to that of the year before, when the War had cast its shadow over everything, but eldom during the week did we forget the sacrifice's that so many of cur brave men had made, in order that peace and happiness might be ours, for the Commencement season was used to interest the O'tudents, the alumni and the guests present in raising money for a new pipe organ to be a memorial of those who served in the World War. The bronze tablet is already hanging in the main hall of 9ur Administration Building, simply awaiting the time when the new J\uditorium is built and the organ installed. It bears the following inscription: "Erected by friends, students and alumni in honor of those students of thi s college, who, true to the faith of our fathers and to the traditions of their Alma Mater, served ir. the world's great struggle for international righteousness, and dedicated especially to the memory of those of that numb ::r who made the supreme sacrifice."

Summer School opened early in June with a large attendance.

Zeta Zeta had two faculty members present, Miss Bess Carter, our Faculty Adviser, and Josephine Dixon, and it returned one af-filiate, two XX Club members, four alumnae and four undergraduates. Those taking work were Frances Brady. Erma Burris, Marie Campbell, Nelle Eubank, an 路 affiliate from Alpha Beta Chapter; Eunice Fulton, Gladys Hutchens, Olleta Lobban, Anne Neely, Mildred l\tiorrov<, Hazel Strahan and Wi lma 路w ilson.

Panhellenic decided on the second week of school as rush week Zeta Zeta gave two affairs for rushees. The first was an in formal tea at the home of Mildred Morrow on June 1.3, and the

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second was a dinner party on June 16 at the Pertle Springs Hotel, which is localed at a charming little summer resort two or three miles out of town. Counting our college and town girls there were about forty present with the rushees at this affair.

Shortly after this the bids went out and we were so fortunate <~s to secure five splendid girls, Carrie Beck of Freeman, Ruth Berry of Fulton, Gertrude Glassburn of Sedalia, Neva Grimes of Belton, and Alma Sherman of Odessa. The pledge service for them and for two pledges of the XX Club, Mary Hill of Eldorado, and Mabel Lobban of \\ arrensburg, was given at Pertle Springs in a beautiful, secluded spot on July 2, and was most impressive.

It was the first one we have ever held in the open, but now we ~ hall hope to have them all that way.

Initiation was given on July 12. In addition to the pledges already mentioned we had six alumnae of the XX Club there for initiation, Erma Burris, J ewe!

Hutchens, Nelle Mayes, Edythe Stone and Letha Stone, all of 'vhose homes are in Warrensburg, and Eunice Fulton of Malta Bend.

Zeta Zeta held business meetings regularly in spite of the intense heat, and it also had several professional meetings that were greatly enjoyed. One of these was an address by Prof. W. E. l\lorrow, husband of one of our patronesses, and father of our I\lildred, on teaching as a profession. It was a splendid talk, full of sound advice. The second was given over to a discussion of "Disease and Its Prevention." Several of the members had special assignments on this topic, and Carrie Beck, who had been in a training school for nurses during the V\Tar, was able to give a most illuminating account of her experiences.

Early in August Zeta Zeta planned a week end camp at Pertle Springs. It was so successful that we are hoping to make it an annual custom . On Friday evening there was a dance to which we had invited men friends. There vvere abo11t t\Yenty-five conples present. The programs were white with the Sorority letters in gold. Punch was served. On Saturday morning the girls went swimming or boating. That evening there was a dance given under the hotel management. Mrs. Jor row and l\Iiss Carter, who had accompanied us, chaperoned on this occasion. unday was rather a quiet day, but some of the rrirls went S\Yimming. boating. or hiking, according to their moods. \Ye had a cottage to

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ourselves, but we took our rneals at the hotel, so we had no responsibilities whatsoever.

The summer initiates had planned to give us a party, but, after talking matters over a bit, they came to the conclusion that we might be more appreciative of the money that might otherwise be spent on such an affair, so they preset).ted us with three fivedollar gold pieces, which they suggested should be used in connection with a sum that we are raising for a beautiful set of initiation paraphernalia. Ever since we saw the lovely outfit that came in the installation trunk, we have coveted one just like it.

When college opened in Sept_ember, Zeta Zeta returned only six girls. Five of these, Marie Campbell, Mabel Lobban, Mary Wilson, Mildred Wilson, and Wilma Wilson were in the Chapter last year. The sixth was Catherine Walker of Bethany, who had been a member of the XX Club, and whom we were more than delighted to welcome into active membership. Wilma Wilson is serving as President, and Mabel Lobban as Secretary.

The enrollment the first quarter was very small relatively, because there was such a dearth of teachers. President Hendricks announced in chapel one morning that there were 100,000 vacancies in the schools of the country, owing to the fact that teachers were leaving the profession for more lucrative positions. Mis!'ouri high schools alone have 500 vacancies. There were constant calls for students who had not yet completed their course, but President Hendricks advised every one to remain for a diploma, as the time would soon come when salaries would be increased in the case of those who had ample preparation for the work.

Panhellenic was again in favor of a sho rt rush, and the idea worked out pretty well, because most of the girls both sororities wanted had been in summer school, or else were very well known to the groups. Only a very few invitations were extended . We sent out but three bids. Two of these went to Mamie McDonald and Kathleen :iVlagee . of vVarrensburg. The third was extended to Dorothy Hale of High Point, who came to us from Synodical College, W'here she was a member of Beta Sigma Omicron. The initiation services were given for them on October 18. Two charter members of our old 'XX Club, Edythe Barnes of Bethany, <J.nd Rose Colborn of Everest, Kans., found it possible to g路et back fo r initiation at this time. Several alumnae came for the cere-

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mony, Letha Berry, Josephine Dixon, Emma Hogan Greer.

Glady Hutchen and r\nne ~eely, so the evening proved a most ~ <itisfactory one in every way.

Our girls are winning laurels in the college activities and in other ways. ·w ilma \i\iilson won the scholarship that is gi,·en to the student of history that makes the best grades in that subjecr the previous college year. Wilma is Secretary of the History Club. and :.\Iamie McDonald has been elected to membership.

Catherine \iValker is President of the Primary Club, and :\Iarie Campbell is President of the Osborne Literary Society.

The college social life has been most intere ting. 1\lis ] anney, Dean of \Vomen, has held frequent small teas, in order that the girl might meet informally around the teacups, and thus get to know each other in this delightful way. It is not unusual for sorority girls to be asked to as ist on these occasions. In addition to these small gatherings, Dean Janney arranged for a social hour one week in the Gymnasium, to which all the college girls \~· ere invited . There were games of various sorts, races, marche . and finally the Virginia reel. Everybody present had a glorious time.

The Athenian-Periclean Literary Society held a Farmers' Party in the Gymnasium in mid-October. All members and guest came dressed in country o-arb, as in days of yore, for, of course, the modern farmer and his wife are quite as up to elate as the city clweller, and in many cases a little more s·o. The costumes worn that night, however, were decidedly by-gones, and included many an old traw hat and ancient sunbonnet. But it didn't ·encl with old-fashioned eire sino-, for everybody used backwoods peech and manners. There were some jolly games that brought back 1he fun of the oiden days. vVhen supper tirne came. partner. were ecured by t_he matching of apples. The refre hments were rider, gingerbread, popcorn and apples. After supper the farmers and their 1\Iirandas clogged off the Virginia reel.

There have been some unusually interesting peakers at college during the Fall. Miss Ames, tate Organizer of the State League of Women of l\Iissouri, spoke in chapel one morning. :\'liss Ames, who was in charge of the School of Citizenship which was held here under the auspices of the ~on-Partisan League of Women Voters, had many able assistant , most of them lawyers, editors and professor of note ir\ thi section of the country.

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Complete histories of the various political parties were given on different evenings, and there were practical demonstrations of voting, so that no woman need fail to understand her duty, or the way in which that duty should be performed at the polls. One thing that brought out more clearly than anything else the diffcre,tce between our country today, and that same country in Colonial days was .Miss Ames' calling our attention to the fact that Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts in the dead of winter, because she da1'ed to say that women had a right to establish clubs where they could discuss public affairs.

Another very interesting speaker was Edgar C. Raine, the Alaskan lecturer, who took us from Seattle through our "Land oi the Midnight Sun" by three separate routes. With the aid of llis two hundred colored views, we visited the gold mines, dimbecl the majestic mountains, stood on the banks of the most beautiful canyons in the \Norld, saw the midnight sun and the great northern lights, the immense glaciers and the exquisite waterfalls. We ~aw too the life of the people there, as they lived in their homes, and as they carried on their various industries. \iVarrensburg is to have a building for the social life of the students, and also a director of religious instruction, as a result 路of an appropriation of $25,000, made by the Methodist Episcopal Centenary at a meeting of the St. Louis Conference Board of Home Missions and Church Extension. We are all greatly interested in this proposed centre in the town, and are looking forward eagerly to the completion of the work.

The District and County Teachers' Association, which was held here toward the close of October, brought about one thousand visitors. There were many prominent educators here at the titne, and there were some excellent speakers among them. Our contribution to the affair consisted of exhibits by our various de~artments, which called for much planning and labor extending over many days, but, since they proved of absorbing interest to the visitors, we felt well repaid. Our two glee clubs, one for m.en and one for women, furnished music at several of the meetHAZEL STRA HA '\' and MABEL LOIIRAN. ings.

Four alumnae were back fo-r rush week, Josephine Dixon from Independence, Gladys Hutchen s from Green Ridge, Anne Neely and Gertrude Glassburn from Sedalia.

It is expected that an association will be formed at Independence.

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Those interested should write to J osephine Dixon, who i supervi or of music in the city schools. Letha Berry, Lorene David and Ruth Engle all teach there, while Frances Brady and hrgery Byram, who are teaching in Kansas City, are in Ind epend ence quite often.

Po ibly there are some members of our Kirksville chapter living or teaching neanby who will be interes ted.

Eleanor Wisner is enjoying g reatly her association with the ten Alpha Beta girls in Hannibal.

Nelle Mayes became Mrs. Luth er Hunt on October 18. Mr. Hunt is the owner of a large farm oear Leeton, Mo. Another marriage of great interest to the members of Zeta Zeta was that of Jewel Hutch ens to Mr. Benjamin B. Brown. They are residing at 2240 Sunset avenue, Bakersfield, Cal.

PENNSYLVANIA Although Alpha Gamma Chapter is 路 suppo sed to have passer! out of existence, it is very much alive in the hearts of all its Pennsylvania devotees. The alumnae associations at Johnstown and Pittsburgh meet n :gularly and have fine times together.

Owing to the scattered membership, it has seemed best to hold the meetings in hotels rather than in private homes, as the hotels are centrally located and can be reached more easily. The mornings are spent shopping, if one so chooses, and then there is a luncheon at some pleasant place with a theatre party afterwards, perhaps. To provide for those who are not near enough to attend one or the other of these gatherings, a State Association is to be formed, with a view to having special reunions at stated periods.

Ruth Ritchey was in a serious automobile accident in August, and has had two hospital experiences in consequence, but is now on th e road to recovery.

Pauline Baldwin is another member who ha s had to go through a serious ope ration.

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THE TEACHER'S R ESPO NSIBILITY No 路e ducational system is rational save as it includes the spiritual and puts the . oul in contact with God . A rational education should emphasize the truth that we live in a spiritual universe, and that God is back of every manifestation of povver or beauty. The teacher who does not find frequent opportunitie~ each clay to impress on youth the all-pervading essence of a superior Intelligence from which all knowledge comes is not a true follower of the Divine Teacher.

There is no subject taught in the public schools that can not be . connected directly with some great spiritual or moral truth .

There is no lasting value in any knowledge that is not so connected. The right kind of teacher will always be able to find the connecting link between the subject under discussion and the Divine . Intelligence, whether that subject be only the simplest of nature studies, or the more abstruse discussion of philosophy.

True teaching ha to do with the facts of life, and the most important fact in life is that God is constantly revealing' himself to man, constantly leading the way to greater knowledge.

What are our greatest inventions and most splendid mechanical achievements but meagre copying of the works of God? God gave us the model for the trowel and the chisel in the beaver's tail and tooth. Augers for the boring of wood we copied from the head of the locust-borer. We learned how to place cast-iron tunnels beneath water from the ship worm, which bores by means of a funnel-shaped projection on its head, while it enamels the sides of the tunnel that it form s with exudations from its own body. Wasps showed us how to make paper from wood pulp.

Think of what you will among the many mechanical contrivances in, use today, whether they be levers, pulleys, ropes built of strands, be_a ms or arches, and you have everything anticipated by the thought of God in the wondrous frame of the human form, or in th~ devices of nature. Our storage batteries had their prototype in the electric fish, our armor plate in the scales of the crocodile, our plumber's wrench in the claw of the lobster, our telegraph and telephone system in the nerve lines and centers of the body.

Everything beautiful in art is copied from God's handiwork.

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ot only do our painter find in piration and color schemes in sun et and landscapes, but when the weavers of old ought color and harmony for the cashmere shawls of our grandmother 路, or for their own exquisite oriental rugs, they copied the wings of the Indian butterfly. It may have meant work on the part of ma:1 to attain anything even near the perft:ction of the original. but the fact remains that without the suggestion, without the constant stimulation to thought man would never have risen above the brute.

In the early stag.:s of human development, all youth had centuries at its disposal for growth, sinc'e all human life was at the same stage on the road to knowledge, but today youth has but ,a few brief years in which to reach the goal that civilizat\on has set as imperatively necessary of attainment, if life is to count for what it should . Hence the importance of the right kind of guides, and the need of those who can swiftly and unerringly interpret to youth the messages that God has for those fa hion:d after His own image.

Among the most mstructive of old Greek legend i one that tells of a monster, half man and half brute, that lived on youth.

Every year a certain number of earth's strongest ons and faire t daughters were sacrificed to this hideous beast, whose lair was in a labyrinth so intricate that, even though one escaped the jaws of the monster, one must inevitably be lost in the windings of the maze. Not until a daughter of a king fell in love with a youth who was to be sacrificed, and not until she furnished a sword with which to lay the monster, and a thread by following which the youth could find his way out of the labyrinth, was there an end of the terrible slaughter.

Even in this twentieth century youth may be sacrificed to the monsters of ignorance and greed that thirst for the blood o ?. the innocents, and it therefore behooves every King's daughter to so love all youth that he will not only supply the Aa hing sword of knowledge with whir:h to kill all monsters that lie in wait, but also the slender thread of a perfect faith in a Divine Intelligence that hall lead youth out of the maze of doubt in which it would otherwise peri. h spiritually.