ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 2 - 2018 Dr Alberto Pugnale – Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella – Senior Tutor Pei Wan Kwek – Tutor Andrew MacKinnon, 836149, 17/9/2018 The Black House - Krisna Cheung Architects, T03 ASSIGNMENT 2
FLIPBOOK SECTION 2D: construction stages, details and annotations
STAGE 1
Site Preperation + Services Layout
3B
1 The architectural plans are ap-
Excavator
01
proved by the council. The property surveyor analyses the site, its boundary and marks out the NGL and FFL according to the Australian high Datum. The geotechnical engineer studies the soil condition and ground, providing information needed for footings and slab. The structural engineer provides structural drawings that detail the footing system and structural steel and timber members.
02
03
A
2 Portaloo, water connection and
electricity generator are set up to enable site work to commence. Site boundary fencing and signage is erected for safety and to prevent unwanted people entering the site.
Trench Levelled ground for slab
3 The previous house is demolished and the original concrete slab is removed.
B
4 Tree stumps are removed
and the land excavated back to the Natural Ground Level of 12.4. Timber around the site marks the FFL.
5 The plumber marks out plumb-
Portaloo installed for workers
C
Cap on top of plumbing prevents unwanted materials entering. Safe from concrete.
Trees removed and ground excavated to prepare for foundations
ing points and connects pipes to sewage pit, water mains and legal point of discharge. The pipes rise up to be exposed where the slab is poured. Caps cover the pipes so that nothing enters or clogs the plumbing.
Plumbing set out and connected
D Unlevel Earth
6 The excavator digs the trenches
E
for the slab footings. This is done methodically from the back of the site to the front.
Plumbing finished and trench dug. Packing sand added in Stage 2.
Old bluestone wall left in place
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Plan
Stage 1 p. 2
STAGE 1
Site Preperation + Services Layout
B
A
D
C
E
Excavator/bobcat digs trenches
RL 18.88 AHD 600
Temporary powerbox to run power tools during build.
FFL 15.78 AHD 300
Tree stumps removed and garden cleared of unwanted materials.
6420
2500
FCL 18.28 AHD
Water connection for a water source during the build.
2700
FCL 15.48 AHD
Old bluestone wall left in place
Site cleared, plumbing complete and read for trenches to be dug
FFL 12.78 AHD
Plumbing organised and set out in first stage
NGL 12.46 AHD
Surveyor and plumber use dumpy to measure heights
Plumbers dumpy
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 1 p. 3
STAGE 2 Ground Floor Support
Plastic bar chairs support steel above membrane
3B
1 The trenches were excavated for
01
footings (A.S.2870). Raft footingsEB (300, D550) and SB (W300, D550). Pad footings (W1000, L1000, D600) Timber formwork hold concrete on slab and creates flush edges
2 70mm thick packing sand is laid
down to create a reliable surface to lay the concrete foundations. A 0.2mm polythene membrane is then laid on top to waterproof the slab. Timber formwork is placed in preparation for pouring the concrete. Set downs are also assembled for the courtyard and entrances to avoid water entry into building.
02
Hydronic heating is tied to the top of the square mesh in a looping pattern to achieve a good spread of heat
03
Set Down
A SL92 Square Mesh 3-L12TM Trench Mesh
3 Steel reinforcement is laid down
Trench mesh overlaps 500mm. Square mesh 225mm. Plastic chairs spaced every meter.
on plastic chairs. The raft beams receive a bottom and top reinforcement of trench mesh 3-L12TM. The trench mesh comes in lengths of 6m. The whole slab has a SL92 square mesh reinforcement. The square mesh comes in dimensions of 6m x 2.4m.
4
B Trench Mesh Square mesh
C
Hydronic heating piping is tied to the top of the square mesh.
Trowel Machine to flatten and smooth concrete
Concrete arrives in truck and is
5 poured onto the slab from the
north side of the site towards the south near the road.
Flat smoothed concrete
It is spread using hand trowels,
6 vibrated with a vibrator stick and
D
then levelled with a trowel machine. Finally, the timber formwork is removed.
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Cement pumping truck
0.2mm polythene waterproof membrane
Footing for column
E
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Plan
Stage 2 p. 4
STAGE 2
Set Down + Slab 1:30
Ground Floor Support
B
A
Concrete slump test done to enure the right consistency of concrete is poured. A sample cube is poured from the same batch that will be tested in 28 days when the slab is at 95% strength.
D
C
E
Set Down
Top Reo. Hydronic SL92 Plastic bar heating pipes chairs
600
RL 18.88 AHD
0.2mm Polythene waterproof membrane
Top Reo. 3-L12TM Btm Reo. 3-L12TM
2500
FCL 18.28 AHD
Packing sand
6420
Slump Test. Australian Standards AS1012.3.1-1998
Cement mixing truck
FFL 15.78 AHD 300
Concrete Vibrator
FCL 15.48 AHD
Hand trowel
Set down for courtyard in order to prevent water flowing into house 2700
Cement pumping truck
FFL 12.78 AHD NGL 12.46 AHD
Set down for preventing water entering house from courtyward
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Top Reo. 3-L12TM
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Plastic Bar Chairs
Bottom Reo. 3-L12TM
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Top Reo. SL92
Hydronic heating pipes tied to the square mesh.
Plumbing is capped off and left untl stage 11 & 12.
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 2 p. 5
STAGE 3
Ground Floor Structural Framing
3B
01 1
Prefabricated steel members trucked to site. The columns will be made from SHS 89x89x5 and 100x100x6 and the beams are universal beams 310UB40.4 and 200UB25.4.
2 The steel members are carried my hand and can be altered on site with an electric saw in order to adjust for errors.
Truck arrives with steel members horizontally stacked.
03
02
A 1 2
3
First, rebates are cut out of the concrete slab using a wetsaw. The location of all the columns and steel members are decided by the structural engineer.
Truck delivers steel
3 Rebate is cut into the concrete to allow for steel columns to have a flush connection with the floor. Packers are used to level the column.
Steel members lifted into place by hand
The columns are bolted into the
4 rebate joints with packing be-
tween the concrete and steel to make for a snug fit and allows for movement.
B
5 The beams are bolted to the
columns on their underside, while smaller beams are bolted between the flanges of the larger beams.
250UC73
C
90x90 SHS
The places carrying less loads do
6 not require steel beams and therefore have timber beams. These beams are attached to the steel columns or beams (see detail).
4
200UB29.8
D
12mm base plate of column is bolted to the footing using 2-M20 chemset anchors. (http://www. ramset.com.au)
89x89 SHS 200UB25.4
E
1. Hole drilled
4. Chemically set bolt 2. Glass capsule of adhesive
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
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Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
3. Bolt breaks capsule
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Plan
Stage 3 p. 6
STAGE 3
Ground Floor Structural Framing
B
A
D
C
E 200UB25.4 250UC72.9 200UB29.8
RL 18.88 AHD 600
Cleat 200UB29.8
FCL 18.28 AHD
200UB25
2500
Steel members can be grinded and new cleats can be rewelded on. A rust proofing spray paint is applied due to the breaking if the galvanised protection.
Example of cleats connecting steel beams so that they have the same bottom level. The top level can vary as posistruts and timber members pack the difference of space.
6420
200UB25 FFL 15.78 AHD 300
250UC72.9
200UB29.8
2700
FCL 15.48 AHD
All steel members complete FFL 12.78 AHD NGL 12.46 AHD
Steel column meets beams. Connected with cleats and bolts.
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 3 p. 7
STAGE 4 Ground Floor Framing
3B
1 The stud framing for the ground
01
floor is assembled out of MGP10 studs and noggings on the ground following the plans and then lifted into place. Complying with A.S. 1684.
2
Fireproofing membrane between neighbours property Temporary timber bracing
03
02
Nail gun used to attach timber framing together
290 x 90 F17 KD HWD
Temporary timber supporting members are attached to hold the stud walls up until they are attached to the steel columns or beams. All the timber members can be easily trimmed. Noggings are cut from studs to necessary sizes. 450mm spacing is used in this house. The studs closer to adjacent walls have smaller spacing.
A
290 x 90 F17 KD HWD
Noggings and studs trimmed and altered on site using drop saw.
3 The wall between the neighbours
boundary wall and the entry passage is assembled with special consideration of fireproofing. A sarking fireproof membrane is put between the wall and the stud framing to allow a minimum of 2hrs of fire protection.
B Stud walls are assembled on the ground with nail gun and then lifted into place.
C 4 Steel tension ties reinforce the
timber framing. Plywood bracing is also installed in certain areas.
D
E 290 x 90 F17 KD HWD
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 4 p. 8
STAGE 4 Ground Floor Framing
B
A
D
C
E
30 x 0.8mm tensioned galvansed metal straps are looped over top and bottom plates. Secured with 4/ 30 x 2.8mm flat head nails
Bracing strap tensioner RL 18.88 AHD
600
2-M12 4.6/S Bolts
90 x 45 Top plate
FCL 18.28 AHD
290 x 90 F17 KD HWD Beam
2500
90 x 45 Stud
200UB29.8
6420
Top plate
Nogging
Cleat plate (6CFW)
90 x 45 Stud Metal Bracing Tie
300
FFL 15.78 AHD
2700
FCL 15.48 AHD
Stud to beam connection with bolts. Metal ties also connect steel beams to stud.
FFL 12.78 AHD
Fire safety membrane is installed between neighbours wall and the exterior wall of the ground floor. This is to slow the passage of fire by 2hrs
NGL 12.46 AHD
Bottom plate Angle of bracing to be between 30-60 degrees.
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 4 p. 9
STAGE 5
Intermediate Floor Structure
3B
01
1 Timber beams are bolted to the
02
03
steel columns or screwed onto the double studs. Careful attention to where steel I-Beams and bearers meet.
2 First Floor posistruts are in-
stalled with 450 centres, running the shorter length of the house. Changes were made to the architects and engineers plans. They meet timber bearers flush on and are top hung on steel beams.
A Liquid nails is used to connect the 19mm Yellowtongue floor board to the first floor structural framing.
The yellow tongue flooring (3600 x
3 900 x 19mm ) is put down across
first floor. Liquid nails is used to connect the board to the first floor structural framing.Careful attention to the amount stacked at once is made due to their heavy weight. FC waterproofing sheet for the bathrooms is also laid down.
Posistruts
B Double FJ1 Yellowtongue flooring 3600 x 900 x 19mm
C
Yellowtongue floor board installed
FC waterproof flooring
D
E
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
FC waterproofing floor
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 5 p. 10
STAGE 5
Intermediate Floor Structure
A
Fabric sling is used to prevent damage to posistrut webs
B
D
C
E
Top hung Posistrut 1:20 19mm Yellowtongue floor board
Top chord supported posistrut.
600
RL 18.88 AHD Posistrut hanging on 250UC72.9
Posistrut hanging on 250UC72.9
FCL 18.28 AHD
2500
250UC72.9
6420
Timber packer
300
FFL 15.78 AHD
2700
FCL 15.48 AHD
FFL 12.78 AHD NGL 12.46 AHD
Posistruts run the short width of the house and are installed with 450mm centres. The metal webs start on top corners to maximise load bearing capacity.
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Yellowtongue flloring stacked ontop of each other. Lifted to roof in smaller piles.
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 5 p. 11
STAGE 6
Truck delivers prefabricated steel balconies.
First Floor Framing
3B
01
1 Steel corner balconies are craned
into place. The crane was large to be able to lift the balconies above the trees and fencing. The middle balcony is also craned into place. They are held in place with clamps and timber supports.
02
03
2 The middle balcony is welded to the steel beams 200UB29.8.
Large crane to navigate trees
A
3 The stud wall base plate is con-
nected to the first floor flooring. The stud wall framing is then assemble in the same manner as the ground floor. It is then lifted into place and supported by temporary timber bracing elements until all walls are complete and secured.
4
Stud walls
B
Ties and plywood shear bracing are attached to prevent lateral tension.
C More studs on corners where walls meet.
5 All framing to comply with 16841993.
D
E
Middle Steel Balcony Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 6 p. 12
STAGE 6
Bottom plates carefully attached to Yellowtongue flooring
First Floor Framing
B
A
D
C
Steel balcony craned into place. Welded to 200UB29.8.
E
Steel Balcony 1:30 Nogging
150 Parallel flange channel
Top Plate
RL 18.88 AHD
Bottom plate
600
Stud FCL 18.28 AHD
2500
75x75x75 EA
Steel balcony
6420
150 Parallel flange channel
290 x 90 F17 KD HWD Beam
300
FFL 15.78 AHD
150 Parallel flange channel
FCL 15.48 AHD 2-M12 4.6/S Bolts
2700
200UB29.8
FFL 12.78 AHD
Middle balcony welded to steel members attached and screwed to studs
NGL 12.46 AHD
Plywood brace
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 6 p. 13
STAGE 7 Roof Structure
3B
1 Prefabricated roof trusses are
01
craned onto the roof and laid out lying down according to where they will be attached to the timber beams. They are made to have a 3 degree slop on the top member to allow for roofing slope.
03
02
2 They are lifted into place and
connected to the beams using L-connectors with a spacing of 600mm from centres.
A
The builder must consult the manufacturers installation instructions, the engineers drawings and the architects drawings.
Ties loop over trusses from the top plates of the studs diagonally to the other side of the roof area.
3 The trusses are then reinforced by nailplates and metal ties that loop over the top of the trusses.
4 The ground floor roofing/ first
floor middle balcony does not carry much load and can therefore be made more simple. Rafters are installed with 450 centre to support the roofing and decking. See stage 9 + 10 for the installation of roof sheeting and timber decking.
B
C L-connector holds one side of the truss to the beams above the stud wall. Spacing 600mm centres
D
E Spacing 450mm centres
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Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Metal bracing and nailplates.
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 7 p. 14
STAGE 7 Roof Structure
1
B
A
D
C
E
Truss on stud wall
Roof trusses lying down in place
Revised. This is correct as per photo. Other stages are previous understanding.
600
RL 18.88 AHD
Trusses craned onto roof
Gap for box gutter
Lifted and connected to beams
6420
2
2500
FCL 18.28 AHD
4 Rafters installed for middle balcony roof.
Gap packed out so cladding fits perfectly in Stage 10.
300
FFL 15.78 AHD
2700
FCL 15.48 AHD
FFL 12.78 AHD
Roof Truss 1:20
NGL 12.46 AHD
Top of parapet
Metal Tie Nailplate
Truss on stud wall overhangs Overhang reason for packing in stage 10 cladding
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 7 p. 15
STAGE 8
Window flashing overlapping with sisalation
External Doors + Window Systems
3B
1 After the architect goes over the
01
shop drawings of the windows and doors, they are given the tick of approval and are delivered to the site. Glass selection must comply with A.S. 1288-06 and consider A.S. 2047.
2
Sliding Window to Middle Balcony 1:20
Skylight installed near stage 10 +11.
02
03
Sisalation Insulation
Head Aluminium ‘T’
Exterior door
The doors and windows are prefabricated with the frame already attached (jamb, head, and sill). They are arranged around the house according to drawing A10, ready for installation.
D03
Sloped away from building. Flush with decking
W102
A
Decking Joist Lysaght TRIMDEK Graded Purlins Rafters
Flashing Upstand Plasterboard
3 There is a substantial gap be-
tween the windows and the openings in the stud walls. Plastic packing material of different widths helps to make a tighter fit.
Sarking
Insulation
4 The middle balconies sliding win-
dow is installed so that it’s bottom sill will be in line with the decking of the balcony. The flush connection allows the window to act as a door to the balcony space.
B
W107
C
5 Flashing is installed at the edges
of the window. It overlaps the waterproof membrane and acts to direct the water from inside to out. Silicone sealant is also used to seal gaps in Stage 12.
Windows are prefabrcated with frames. They are simply lifted and screwed into place.
6 Reinforcing power trusses are
added to ground level to increase the stud wall load bearing capacity of the glass. These were not necessary and are uncommon in small residential builds, but were installed for precaution.
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Powertruss
D Window
W108
Powertruss
E
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Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 8 p. 16
STAGE 8
External Doors + Window Systems
B
A
D
C
E
600
RL 18.88 AHD
FCL 18.28 AHD
W08
2500
Glass doors
6420
Packers 1mm 2mm 3mm 5mm 10mm 15mm 20mm
300
FFL 15.78 AHD FCL 15.48 AHD W07 W01
2700
D03
Packers fill the gap between the window frame/ jambs and stud framing.
Strip windows
W05
FFL 12.78 AHD NGL 12.46 AHD Powertruss added to increase the stud walls load bearing capacity of the adjacent glass. Courtyard door Angled window in bedroom 2
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 8 p. 17
STAGE 9 Roof Cover
‘Lysaght Trimdek’ metal roof decking sheet. 762mm width.
3B
1 Waterproof membrane (sarking)
01
and insulation is laid over roof trusses.
03
02
Underlap
2
4 crest fasteners. Lap by 1 crest.
2° Fall
‘Lysaght Trimdek’ metal roof decking sheet is screwed to the trusses. The screws have a rubber washer to ensure waterproofing.
Overlap
A 300 x 100mm Box Gutter
3 The highest edges of the roof
sheeting are upturned to prevent water running back. Per A.S. 1562. A 3 degree slope allows for gentle water run off into the box gutters. The smaller roofed areas have a gradient of 2 degrees.
3° Fall
4 The box gutters installed for the
Roof Sheeting Screw (https://www.lysaght.com)
main roof is 300 x 100 and the smaller roofed areas have a 200 x 100.
B
5 Colorbond flashing is attached
where roofing and parapet meet and where gutters and roofing meet. Capping is attached to the parapets. All the flashing, capping and roofing overlap and underlap to ensure that no water can get into the house by wind or gravity.
C Box Gutter Detail 1:20 TRIMDEK Flashing
Parapet capping
Sarking
6
2° Fall
The small balconies are waterproofed with a membrane.
3° Fall
300x100mm Box gutter
D
E
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Flashing
Insulation
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Roof sheeting is overhanging and has a downturn/ drip to prevent backflow and windblown moisture. Capping and clashing has a drip too.
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
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Stage 9 p. 18
STAGE 9 Roof Cover
B
A
Colorbond Barge capping Flashing
E
Lysaght TRIMDEK Metal Roof Decking
Lysaght TRIMDEK Sarking
Capping on parapet
300 x 100 Box Gutter
Flashing
RL 18.88 AHD
3°
600
Insulation Batten/ Packer
D
C
The waterproof membrane sits under the roof sheeting and protects the insulation underneath. Battens are laid on the roof trusses to prevent the insulation being flattened.
Nail Plate
FCL 18.28 AHD
Roof Truss
Insultation 2500
Colorbond Barge capping on the top of the parapet stops into roof to allow water to run off into guttersystem, rather than leaving streaks on the cladding.
Sarking
6420
2° 200 x 100 Box Gutter
300
FFL 15.78 AHD
2700
FCL 15.48 AHD
Waterproof embrane under roof sheeting FFL 12.78 AHD NGL 12.46 AHD Turning-up TRIMDEK (https://www.lysaght.com)
Upstand at the high end of roof sheeting prevents wind blown moisture and allows flashing to overlap to waterproof the roof.
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 9 p. 19
STAGE 10
Cladding 1:20
External Cladding
3B
1 Scaffolding is erected in order to
01
clad the first floor safely. Green weatherproofing membrane mesh (sisalation) is applied to the outside of the building.
03
02
Sisalation
Weathertx Cladding
Pine timber battens are painted
2 in Dulux Black Matt paint on site
Weathertx Cladding
because it is easier to paint before attached to the facade. Weathertx ‘Weather Groove Smooth’ cladding is also painted black in the house.
Packers bring cladding away from wall to align it with the other exterior cladding. A seamless exterior surface.
A
Stud Wall
Packer
3 The black battens are connected
to the balcony steel frame. The black Weathertx is connected to the external framing. The overlap of the cladding was also painted black in case of future movement. Packers are used above the entry hallway so that all the cladding lines up neatly.
75mm Foam with mesh on exterior
Stud Wall
Rendered in grey cement
B
4 A 75mm thermal foam material
and mesh is applied to the ground floor in preparation for the grey cement render.
Blackbutt timber decking for middle balcony.
C
5 CFC Soffit lining is placed under
the first floor cantilevered exterior parts and painted black to match the cladding above.
75mm Foam and mesh, rendered in grey cement render.
6 90 x 18 mm blackbutt timber
D
decking is installed on the middle balcony and in the internal courtyard on ground level.
E Pine timber battens painted in Dulux black matt
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Timber and Weathertx cladding painted black inside the house before fitting to the exterior.
Sisalation waterproof membrane
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
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Stage 10 p. 20
STAGE 10 External Cladding
B
A
D
C
E
Green sisalation is installed to waterproof walls
RL 18.88 AHD 600
Weathertx ‘Weather Groove Smooth’ Cladding Painted matt black.
Vertical Pine Timber Battens
6420
2500
FCL 18.28 AHD
90 x 18 Blackbutt decking on joists above the roof sheeting
300
FFL 15.78 AHD FCL 15.48 AHD
2700
75mm Thermal Plus Foam material is sprayed onto wall and held by mesh.
90 x 18 Blackbutt Decking held by edge joists
FFL 12.78 AHD NGL 12.46 AHD
Pine battens cut with drop saw and painted black inside the house
Foam is rendered in grey cement. The soffit lining is painted black to mach cladding above. Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Example of scaffolding that was erected on south facade for Weathertx cladding procedure
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
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Stage 10 p. 21
STAGE 11 Services
3B
1 Electrical wiring is organised and
01
laid throughout the house. Nonstructural members were drilled to allow passage of some wires. The clips holding the wires are spaced to ensure the wires is close to the members. The wires for lighting are left coiled and dangling until the amount of wire needed is known. Metal backing for powerpoints is also attached to stud framing.
02
03
Electrical wires run between stugs and other structural members and will be hidden by the plasterboard.
A
2 Plumbing pipes connected to the slab pipes that were closed off with a cap/ tape. Hot and cold water pipes are conected to the slab pipes too.
Wires left hanging for downlights Rinnai Solar Hot Water
3 First floor downpipes are connect-
Electrical wires in stud framing
ed to the box gutters. Moving the water from the roof to the rainwater tank, and to the stormwater legal point of discharge.
B
4 First floor hydronic heating sys-
Copper gas pipe is connected to mains and run to kitchen for cooking range.
tem installed.
5 Gas pipes are connected to the
C
mains and brought into kitchen via copper pipes.
Hot and Cold Water Pipe
Sewage Pipe
6 Coupled solar hot water system
is installed on the roof. It faces north and is attached to the roof via a metal and timber stand. The stand also helps angle the unit to the sun.
Stud
Plastic clips holds wires to stud
Electrical wires
D
Bottom Plate Powerpoint metal backing
Drainage Pipe
E
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
N
0
1000
3000mm
Plan
Stage 11 p. 22
STAGE 11 Services
B
A
D
C
E
Plumbing running through noggings.
Rinnai Solar Hot Water
600
RL 18.88 AHD
FCL 18.28 AHD Wires are tied cloesly to timber members. For safety and organisation. Electricial services are not in contact with steel members.
6420
2500
Rinnai Solar Hot Water system needs to be secured to the roof and angled to the sun using this stand.
300
FFL 15.78 AHD FCL 15.48 AHD
Cold water
2700
Hot water
Wires left hanging for light fittings. Excess wire will be cut. FFL 12.78 AHD NGL 12.46 AHD
Studs and noggings can be cut to allow passage of pipes and wires if they are not structurally necessary
Name: Andrew MacKinnon Student Number: 836149
Cold Water Toilet blackwater connection
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Hot Water Pipe
Plumbing and electricity running through the posistruts. Highlighting one of their advantages over beams and joists.
Used water pipe
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
N
0
1000
3000mm Section
Stage 11 p. 23
STAGE 12 Finishing Trades
3B
1 Pink fibre insulation batts are
01
put in walls and ceiling and held in place by liquid nails and blue plastic ties.
03
02
2 13mm thick plasterboard is
connected to the ceiling and walls using liquid nails. Plaster is spread over the holes, gaps and imperfections.
Joinery is installed. Kitchen appliances and bathroom equipment. Faucets and electrical goods all installed.
A
3 Stair case is build in situ.
SKYLIGHT
DESK
Staircase assembled in-situ out of Victorian hardwood Ash.
4 Bathroom is waterproofed and then tiled.
B.I.R
Desk cladding BED 2
5 All the joinery is installed next. The
BED 1
VOID
cabinetry and storage units.
6 Kitchen appliances, powerpoints,
light switches, light fixtures, and all the bathroom equipment is installed. Windows and bathroom joints are siliconed to ensure waterproofing
7
Selected carpet
Joinery assembled
B PASSAGE
D102
Internal doors attached to hinges and painted
C
Reverse cycle Airconditioning unit is installed.
Installation of basins, toilets, faucets, bath and shower
8 The concrete floors are given
final polish, first floor carpets are installed and all the walls are painted white. The ceilings are painted black.
BALCONY/ ROOF
9 The new exterior gate is con-
Student Number: 836149
ENSUITE
W.I.R
D
nected to the bluestone wall. The site is cleared of all construction material. The interior of the house is cleaned and prepared for the occupants to move in.
Name: Andrew MacKinnon
Victorian Ash staircase is made insitu. The timber is polished and the handrail is polished.
Waterproofing paint, then selected ceramic tiles.
E
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek T03
After waterproofing the bathroom walls and floor, the ceramics can be installed. Black hexagon floor tiles and white square wall tiles.
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
N
0
1000
3000mm
Plan
Stage 12 p. 24
STAGE 12 Finishing Trades
A
Ceiling insulation batts are inserted between trusses and held in place by blue plastic straps
B
Top Hung Posistrut with finishing details 1:20
D
C
E
10mm Carpet 19mm Yellowtongue floor board Stud wall
Nailplate FFL 15.78 AHD
300
90 x 35mm Posistrut hanging on 250UC72.9
600
RL 18.88 AHD
13mm Plasterboard
FCL 15.48 AHD
250UC72.9
FCL 18.28 AHD Plasterboard is attached to roof by nails and walls with liquid nails. Plaster is then spread to cover gaps and nail points.
Timber packer Electric wires held in place by plastic clips
2500
BED 2 SHELF
Water pipe
W107
DESK 6420
B.I.R
300
FFL 15.78 AHD FCL 15.48 AHD
2700
Light fixtures connected to electric wiring
Preserved bluestone wall is accompanied by a new black sliding gate.
INTERNAL COURTYARD
Toilets, basins, bath, shower and faucets installed
PWD
D04
STORAGE
The hanging wires were used for the down lights in the house. Task lighting can save electricity bills.
FFL 12.78 AHD NGL 12.46 AHD
9
House is cleared of all building tools and materials and is cleaned for the clients move in day.
Ceiling is painted black and walls are painted white. The first floor is carpet and the ground floor is polished concrete.
Name: Andrew MacKinnon
Tutor: Pei Wen Kwek
Student Number: 836149
T03
Construction Analysis ABPL20033
Internal sliding door for powder room.
Built in storage on the ground floor.
Pink insulation batts are installed between stud walls and in ceiling..
7 Case Study: The Black House Krisna Cheung Architects
Reverse cycle air conditioning
Scale: 1:50 A3 Date: 17/09/18
N
0
1000
3000mm Section
Stage 12 p. 25
SCRIPT STAGE 1- SITE PREPERATION + SERVICES LAYOUT
The architectural plans are approved by the council. The property surveyor analyses the site, its boundary and marks out the NGL and FFL according to the Australian high Datum. The geotechnical engineer studies the soil condition and ground, providing information needed for footings and slab. The structural engineer provides structural drawings that detail the footing system and structural steel and timber members. Portaloo, water connection and electricity generator are set up to enable site work to commence. Site boundary fencing and signage is erected for safety and to prevent unwanted people entering the site. The previous house is demolished and the original concrete slab is removed. Tree stumps are removed and the land excavated back to the Natural Ground Level of 12.4. Timber around the site marks the FFL. The plumber marks out plumbing points and connects pipes to sewage pit, water mains and legal point of discharge. The pipes rise up to be exposed where the slab is poured. Caps cover the pipes so that nothing enters or clogs the plumbing. The excavator digs the trenches for the slab footings. This is done methodically from the back of the site to the front.
STAGE 2 - GROUND FLOOR SUPPORT
STAGE 7 - ROOF STRUCTURE
Prefabricated roof trusses are craned onto the roof and laid out lying down according to where they will be attached to the timber beams. They are made to have a 3 degree slop on the top member to allow for roofing slope. They are lifted into place and connected to the beams using L-connectors with a spacing of 600mm from centres. The trusses are then reinforced by nail plates and metal ties that loop over the top of the trusses. The ground floor roofing/ first floor middle balcony does not carry much load and can therefore be made more simple. Rafters are installed with 450 centre to support the roofing and decking. See stage 9 + 10 for the installation of roof sheeting and timber decking.
STAGE 8 - EXTERNAL DOORS + WINDOW SYSTEMS
After the architect goes over the shop drawings of the windows and doors, they are given the tick of approval and are delivered to the site. Glass selection must comply with A.S. 1288-06 and consider A.S. 2047. The doors and windows are prefabricated with the frame already attached (jamb, head, and sill). They are arranged around the house according to drawing A10, ready for installation. There is a substantial gap between the windows and the openings in the stud walls. Plastic packing material of different widths helps to make a tighter fit. The middle balconies sliding window is installed so that it’s bottom sill will be in line with the decking of the balcony. The flush connection allows the window to act as a door to the balcony space. Flashing is installed at the edges of the window. It overlaps the waterproof membrane and acts to direct the water from inside to out. Silicone sealant is also used to seal gaps in Stage 12. Reinforcing power trusses are added to ground level to increase the stud wall load bearing capacity of the glass. These were not necessary and are uncommon in small residential builds, but were installed for precaution.
The trenches were excavated for footings (A.S.2870). Raft footings- EB (300, D550) and SB (W300, D550). Pad footings (W1000, L1000, D600) 70mm thick packing sand is laid down to create a reliable surface to lay the concrete foundations. A 0.2mm polythene membrane is then laid on top to waterproof the slab. Timber formwork is placed in preparation for pouring the concrete. Set downs are also assembled for the courtyard and entrances to avoid water entry into building. Steel reinforcement is laid down on plastic chairs. The raft beams receive a bottom and top reinforcement of trench mesh 3-L12TM. The trench mesh comes in lengths of 6m. The whole slab has a SL92 square mesh reinforcement. The square mesh comes in dimensions of 6m x 2.4m. Hydronic heating piping is tied to the top of the square mesh. Concrete arrives in truck and is poured onto the slab from the north side of the sie towards STAGE 9 - ROOF COVER the south near the road. It is spread using hand trowels, vibrated with a vibrator stick and then levelled with a trowel machine. Finally, the timber formwork is Waterproof membrane (sarking) and insulation is laid over roof trusses. removed. ‘Lysaght Trimdek’ metal roof decking sheet is screwed to the trusses. The screws have a rubber washer to ensure waterproofing. The highest edges of the roof sheeting are upturned to prevent water running back. Per A.S. 1562. A 3 degree slope allows for gentle water run off into the STAGE 3 - GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURAL FRAMING box gutters. Prefabricated steel members trucked to site. The smaller roofed areas have a gradient of 2 degrees. The box gutters installed for the main roof is 300 x 100 and the smaller roofed areas have a 200 x The columns will be made from SHS 89x89x5 and 100x100x6 and the beams are universal beams 310UB40.4 and 200UB25.4. 100. The steel members are carried my hand and can be altered on site with an electric saw in order to adjust for errors. Colorbond flashing is attached where roofing and parapet meet and where gutters and roofing meet. Capping is attached to the parapets. All the flashing, First, rebates are cut out of the concrete slab using a wet saw. The location of all the columns and steel members are decided by the structural engineer. capping and roofing overlap and underlap to ensure that no water can get into the house by wind or gravity. The columns are bolted into the rebate joints with packing between the concrete and steel to make for a snug fit and allows for movement. The small balconies are waterproofed with a membrane. The beams are bolted to the columns on their underside, while smaller beams are bolted between the flanges of the larger beams. The places carrying less loads do not require steel beams and therefore have timber beams. These beams are attached to the steel columns or beams (see detail).
STAGE 10 - EXTERNAL CLADDING
STAGE 4 - GROUND FLOOR FRAMING
The stud framing for the ground floor is assembled out of MGP10 studs and noggings on the ground following the plans and then lifted into place. Complying with A.S. 1684. Temporary timber supporting members are attached to hold the stud walls up until they are attached to the steel columns or beams. All the timber members can be easily trimmed. Noggings are cut from studs to necessary sizes. 450mm spacing is used in this house. The studs closer to adjacent walls have smaller spacing. The wall between the neighbours boundary wall and the entry passage is assembled with special consideration of fireproofing. A sarking fireproof membrane is put between the wall and the stud framing to allow a minimum of 2hrs of fire protection. Steel tension ties reinforce the timber framing. Plywood bracing is also installed in certain areas.
Scaffolding is erected in order to clad the first floor safely. Green weatherproofing membrane mesh (sisalation) is applied to the outside of the building. Pine timber battens are painted in Dulux Black Matt paint on site because it is easier to paint before attached to the facade. Weathertx ‘Weather Groove Smooth’ cladding is also painted black in the house. The black battens are connected to the balcony steel frame. The black Weathertx is connected to the external framing. The overlap of the cladding was also painted black in case of future movement. Packers are used above the entry hallway so that all the cladding lines up neatly. A 75mm thermal foam material and mesh is applied to the ground floor in preparation for the grey cement render. CFC Soffit lining is placed under the first floor cantilevered exterior parts and painted black to match the cladding above.
STAGE 5 - INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE
STAGE 11 - SERVICES
STAGE 6 - FIRST FLOOR FRAMING
STAGE 12 - FINISHING TRADES
Timber beams are bolted to the steel columns or screwed onto the double studs. Careful attention to where steel I-Beams and bearers meet. First Floor Posistruts are installed with 450 centres, running the shorter length of the house. Changes were made to the architects and engineers plans. They meet timber bearers flush on and are top hung on steel beams. The yellow tongue flooring is put down across first floor. Careful attention to the amount stacked at once is made due to their heavy weight. FC waterproofing sheet for the bathrooms is also laid down.
Steel corner balconies are craned into place. The crane was large to be able to lift the balconies above the trees and fencing. The middle balcony is also craned into place. They are held in place with clamps and timber supports. The middle balcony is welded to the steel beams 200UB29.8. The stud wall base plate is connected to the first floor flooring. The stud wall framing is then assemble in the same manner as the ground floor. It is then lifted into place and supported by temporary timber brac-ing elements until all walls are complete and secured. Ties and plywood shear bracing are attached to prevent lateral tension. All framing to comply with 1684-1993.
Electrical wiring is organised and laid throughout the house. Non- structural members were drilled to allow passage of some wires. The clips holding the wires are spaced to ensure the wires is close to the members. Plumbing pipes connected to the slab pipes that were closed off with a cap/ tape. Hot and cold water copper pipes are connected to the slab pipes too. First floor downpipes are connected to the box gutters. Moving the water from the roof to the rainwater tank, and to the stormwater legal point of discharge. First floor hydronic heating system installed. Gas pipes are connected to the mains and brought into kitchen. Coupled solar hot water system is installed on the roof.
Pink fibre insulation batts are put in walls and ceiling and held in place by liquid nails and blue plastic ties. 13mm thick plasterboard is connected to the ceiling and walls using liquid nails. Plaster is spread over the holes, gaps and imperfections. Stair case is build in situ. Bathroom is waterproofed and then tiled. All the joinery is installed next. The cabinetry and storage units. Kitchen appliances, powerpoints, light switches, light fixtures, and all the bathroom equipment is installed. Windows and bathroom joints are siliconed to ensure waterproofing Reverse cycle Airconditioning unit is installed. The concrete floors are given final polish, first floor carpets are installed and all the walls are painted white. The ceilings are painted black. The new exterior gate is connected to the bluestone wall. The site is cleared of all construction material. The interior of the house is cleaned and prepared for the occupants to move in.
ABPL20033 - 2018, Andrew MacKinnon | 836149 |T03, Pei Wen Kwek p. 26